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    PE448 Lect5

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    samad
    This document discusses high voltage engineering and generation of both AC and DC high voltages. It provides an overview of general purposes for generating high voltages including academic needs, reliability assessments, and industrial applications. It then describes various high voltage laboratories and their equipment. Principles of generating AC voltage through transformation and resonance and DC voltage through rectification are covered. Factors influencing AC voltage ratings and examples of common test specimen capacitances are given. Construction and operation of different high voltage generation techniques are summarized, including electrostatic generators, single and cascade rectifier circuits.

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    PE448 Lect5

    Uploaded by

    samad
    23 views38 pages
    This document discusses high voltage engineering and generation of both AC and DC high voltages. It provides an overview of general purposes for generating high voltages including academic needs, reliability assessments, and industrial applications. It then describes various high voltage laboratories and their equipment. Principles of generating AC voltage through transformation and resonance and DC voltage through rectification are covered. Factors influencing AC voltage ratings and examples of common test specimen capacitances are given. Construction and operation of different high voltage generation techniques are summarized, including electrostatic generators, single and cascade rectifier circuits.

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    PE448_Lect5

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    This document discusses high voltage engineering and generation of both AC and DC high voltages. It provides an overview of general purposes for generating high voltages including academic needs, reliability assessments, and industrial applications. It then describes various high voltage laboratories and their equipment. Principles of generating AC voltage through transformation and resonance and DC voltage through rectification are covered. Factors influencing AC voltage ratings and examples of common test specimen capacitances are given. Construction and operation of different high voltage generation techniques are summarized, including electrostatic generators, single and cascade rectifier circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views38 pages

    PE448 Lect5

    Uploaded by

    samad
    This document discusses high voltage engineering and generation of both AC and DC high voltages. It provides an overview of general purposes for generating high voltages including academic needs, reliability assessments, and industrial applications. It then describes various high voltage laboratories and their equipment. Principles of generating AC voltage through transformation and resonance and DC voltage through rectification are covered. Factors influencing AC voltage ratings and examples of common test specimen capacitances are given. Construction and operation of different high voltage generation techniques are summarized, including electrostatic generators, single and cascade rectifier circuits.

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    of 38

    PE448

    High Voltage Engineering


    Lecture5: Generation of High Voltages –
    AC & DC

    Dr. Shahid Alam


    Assistant Professor
    Dept. of Electrical Engineering
    Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering
    Sciences and Technology
    [email protected]
    General purposes of generating High voltages

    o Academic Needs
    o Reliability Assessment of System Components
    o Research and Development
    o Studies for Future Systems
    o Industrial Applications

    1
    Learning outcomes: General

    o Demonstrate familiarity with the laboratory


    equipment for generation and measurement of
    high voltages by making a well-motivated
    choice for a specific test situation or test
    purpose.
    o Plan and physically arrange a high voltage test
    set-up in a safe way and be able to minimize and
    assess risks with respect to personal safety and
    integrity of measuring circuits and instruments.

    2
    HV lab at Chalmers, Sweden

    3
    HV lab at Chalmers, Sweden

    4
    HV lab at Chalmers, Sweden

    High voltage- and measurement circuits. From left to right:


    voltage divider, surge arrester, HV-cable, oscilloscope and
    lightning impulse generator.
    5
    HV lab at Chalmers, Sweden: Modular HV
    test system (three stages LI, 140 kV charging voltage)

    6
    HV lab at Aalto University, Finland

    7
    HV lab at GIK Institute

    8
    Principles of generation:

    o AC voltage – Transformation and resonance


    o DC voltage – Rectification of an AC voltage
    o Impulse voltage – Capacitive storage of
    energy followed by a rapid discharge through
    a pulse shaping circuit

    9
    10
    AC – Voltages: Factors determining source
    ratings kV Rating

    o National Highest System Voltage


    o Upgrading Protection
    o Research Factor
    o Manufacturers' Needs
    o Needs of Regional Electric Co.

    11
    AC – Voltages: Factors determining source
    ratings kVA Rating
    o Most test objects are capacitive: KVA rating of the supply can
    be determined using the formula

    Where K>1 accounts for the additional capacitances

    Post and Suspension Insulators 10 PF

    Some examples Bushing 100-1000 pF


    of test specimens’ Potential Transformers 250-500 pF
    capacitances Oil-paper impregnated Cables 250-300 pF/m
    Gaseous insulated Cables 60 pF/m
    12
    AC - Voltages

    o Rated voltage typically up to 400 kV


    o Pure sinusoidal voltage is desired
    o High step-up ratio (typically x75 but up to x1000)
    o Low rated current (typically 1 A)
    o Short-circuit resistant (often an external water
    resistor or inductance is put in series)
    o Usually single phase

    13
    AC – Voltages, cont.

    o Variable output voltage fed from a regulating


    transformer
    o Test object is usually capacitive => voltage
    might increase at the terminals of the specimen
    o Grounded metal tank
    o Insulating tank
    o Field grading electrodes inside and on top of
    bushing (𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥 =U/r) for avoiding PD/corona

    14
    AC – Voltages, cont.

    15
    o Single unit are generally up to 300 kV
    o For higher voltage requirements, single transformer
    become too bulky for transportation and installation.
    The cost of insulation rises and thus, is not an
    economical solution.
    o For test voltages higher than 300 – 500 kV
    Usually three units
    o The three units can usually be used separately

    16
    17
    Construction and Working

    18
    Construction and Working, cont.

    19
    Advantages and limitations

    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    DC Voltages: Electrostatic Generator

    25
    Construction & working

    26
    27
    28
    29
    Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA
    25 MV tandem electrostatic accelerator located inside
    a 30 m pressure vessel

    30
    DC voltages: Simple Rectifier Circuits

    Principle of generation: Rectifying an AC voltage,


    and if needed, utilization of a cascaded arrangement
    o Single-stage for voltages typically below 200 kV
    and a cascaded rectifier circuit above
    o “Low” current rating

    31
    Single phase half wave rectifier

    32
    Voltage doubler circuit

    o 𝐶1 is charged through 𝐷1 during negative half period.


    o During positive half period charge cannot slip back
    through 𝐷1 . Instead 𝐶1 is lifted on potential thereby
    charging 𝐶2 to 2V through 𝐷2 .

    33
    Cascade rectifier (Cockroft-Walton or Greinacher)

    34
    Cascade rectifier (Cockroft-Walton or Greinacher)

    35
    36

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