Engineering Chemistry module 2 covers metal complexes and organometallics. It discusses the structure, bonding, and applications of inorganic complexes and metal carbonyls. Key topics include coordination compounds, ligands, chelating agents, and Werner's coordination theory, which proposed that metal ions exhibit both a primary and secondary valence in forming complexes. Metals in biology are also examined, such as the metal-containing structures of hemoglobin and chlorophyll.
Engineering Chemistry module 2 covers metal complexes and organometallics. It discusses the structure, bonding, and applications of inorganic complexes and metal carbonyls. Key topics include coordination compounds, ligands, chelating agents, and Werner's coordination theory, which proposed that metal ions exhibit both a primary and secondary valence in forming complexes. Metals in biology are also examined, such as the metal-containing structures of hemoglobin and chlorophyll.
Engineering Chemistry module 2 covers metal complexes and organometallics. It discusses the structure, bonding, and applications of inorganic complexes and metal carbonyls. Key topics include coordination compounds, ligands, chelating agents, and Werner's coordination theory, which proposed that metal ions exhibit both a primary and secondary valence in forming complexes. Metals in biology are also examined, such as the metal-containing structures of hemoglobin and chlorophyll.
Engineering Chemistry module 2 covers metal complexes and organometallics. It discusses the structure, bonding, and applications of inorganic complexes and metal carbonyls. Key topics include coordination compounds, ligands, chelating agents, and Werner's coordination theory, which proposed that metal ions exhibit both a primary and secondary valence in forming complexes. Metals in biology are also examined, such as the metal-containing structures of hemoglobin and chlorophyll.
➢ Inorganic complexes: Structure, Bonding and Application
➢ Organometallics: Introduction, Stability, Structure and Applications of metal carbonyls, and Ferrocene ➢ Metals in biology: Haemoglobin, Chlorophyll – Structure and Property Inorganic Complexes Inorganic Complexes
❑ Inorganic/coordination complex is a molecule containing one or multiple metal centers that is
bound to ligands (atoms, ions, or molecules that donate electrons to the metal). ❑ These complexes can be neutral or charged. The examples are: Neutral Complexes: [CoCl3(NH3)3], K4[Fe(CN)6], etc. Cationic Complex : [CO(NH3)6]3+ and Anionic Complex : [CoCl4(NH3)2]−
❑ Selected examples of metal complexes with names:
➢ Molecule or ion having a lone electron pair that can be used to form a bond to a metal ion (Lewis base). Coordinate covalent bond: metal-ligand bond → Monodentate/Unidentate : one bond to metal ion → Bidentate : two bonds to metal ion → Polydentate: more than two bonds to a metal ion possible Chelating Agents ➢ In both bidentate and • Bind to metal ions removing them • Important biomolecules like polydentate species, the from solution. heme and chlorophyll are multiple donor atoms can • Phosphates are used to tie up Ca2+ and porphyrins simultaneously bond to the Mg2+ in hard water to prevent them from metal ion, thereby interfering with detergents. occupying two or more sites in a coordination sphere.
➢ Use: → in many prepared foods, such as salad dressings and frozen desserts, to complex trace metal ions that catalyze decomposition reactions. → in medicine to remove toxic heavy metal ions that have been ingested, such as Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+. EDTA to remove heavy metals, Vitamin B12 to remove Co+2. Cis-platin is anti-cancer drug.
❑ Werner Coordination Theory :Alfred Werner (Swiss chemist) put forward a theory to explain the formation of complex compounds Werner proposed that any metal ion exhibits both a primary valence and a secondary valence. The primary valence is the oxidation state of the metal, & the secondary valence is the number of atoms bonded to the metal ion, which is also called the coordination number. Werner Coordination Theory
✓ Werner was awarded the 1913 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
# When the compound RhCl3.4 NH3 is dissolved in water and treated with excess AgNO3(aq) one mole of AgCl(s) is formed for every mole of RhCl3.4 NH3. What is the correct way to write the formula of this compound? # What is the oxidation number of the metal in [Rh(NH3)2Cl4](NO3)2?
❑ Limitations: There is no theoretical reason to have a central atom of the complex ion to possess two kind of valancies ▪ Bonding within coordination sphere ▪ Square planar (or) Tetrahedral Lewis Acid Base Theory
➢ Gilbert N. Lewis, 1920s
❖ Lewis Acid/Base reactions: Lewis Base:→ electron pair donor Lewis Acid ←:electron pair acceptor ❖ Ligands: Lewis bases ❖ Metals: Lewis acids ❖ Metal Complexes - Formation of a complex was described as an acid – base reaction according to Lewis
Sidgwick’s Effective atomic number (EAN) rule is based on the Octet theory of Lewis and this ❑ Sidgwick’s is the first attempt to account for the bonding in complexes. The metal ion in a coordination Rule: complex will continue accepting the electrons till the total number of electrons in the metal ion becomes equal to the atomic number of the noble gas of that series.
