Student Rules Notebook P
Student Rules Notebook P
Student Rules Notebook P
Student Rules
Notebook
by Barbara A. Wilson
ISBN 978-1-56778-156-X
January 2015
Contents
Sounds 1
Consonants 1
SOUNDS
Consonant Digraphs, Blends, Digraph Blends & Trigraphs 2
Digraphs 3
Short Vowels in Closed Syllables 4
Welded Sounds 5
Long Vowels in Vowel-Consonant-e Syllables 8
Jobs of Silent e 9
Vowels in Open Syllables 10
Vowel Sounds Chart 11
Vowels in R-Controlled Syllables 12
Vowel Digraphs / Diphthongs in Double Vowel Syllables 13
Additional Sounds 16
SYLLABLES
Spelling Options for Sounds 18
Syllables 22
The Rules of Syllable Division 22
losed Syllable
C 23
Vowel-Consonant-e Syllable 24
Open Syllable 25
Consonant-le Syllable 26
R-Controlled Syllable 27
Vowel Digraph/Diphthong “D” Syllable 28
Syllable Exception Chart 29
SPELLING
T he Bonus Letter Rule for ll, ss, ff and zz 30
Reasons to Double Consonants 31
Plurals 32
Suffix Endings 33
Ways to Spell /k/ 34
Spelling Generalization: dge, tch 34
Contractions 34
Spelling Generalization: oi, oy 35
Spelling Generalization: ow, ou 35
The Silent e and Suffix Rule 36
SIGHT WORDS
Vocabulary 39
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com iii
iv © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Consonants
b c d f
SOUNDS
cat /k/ (1.2)
bat /b/ (1.2) (e, i, y) /s/ (7.1) dog /d/ (1.1) fun /f/ (1.1)
g h j k l
game /g/ (1.1)
(e, i, y) /j/ (7.1) hat /h/ (1.2) jug /j/ (1.2) kite /k/ (1.2) lamp /l/ (1.1)
m n p qu r s
snake /s/ (1.1)
t v w x y z
top /t/ (1.1) van /v/ (1.2) wind /w/ (1.2) fox /ks/ (1.2) yellow /y/ (1.2) zebra /z/ (1.2)
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 1
Consonants
Digraph
Two consonants combined to form only one sound
SOUNDS
EX: _______________
(1.2)
_______________ (1.2)
_______________
(7.3)
Blend
Two or more consonants together, each making a separate sound
_______________ (2.2)
_______________
(2.5)
Digraph Blend
A consonant digraph combined with a third consonant that retains its own sound
_______________ (2.2)
Trigraph
Three letters that stay together to make one sound
2 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Digraphs
sh /sh/
SOUNDS
ship (1.2)
ck /k/
sock (1.2)
/ch/ or
ch /k/
chin (1.2) chorus (12.4)
th /th/
thumb (1.2)
/w/ or
wh /hw/
whistle (1.2)
ph /f/
phone (7.3)
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 3
Short Vowels
a /¤/
SOUNDS
apple (1.1)
e Ed (1.2)
/§/
i itch (1.1)
/¬/
o octopus (1.1)
/ç/
u up (1.2)
/¹/
y gym (11.1)
/¬/
š wagon (3.1)
/š/
4 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Welded Sounds
These sounds are presented on green cards in the Wilson Reading System. Younger
students can call them “glued sounds”. It is much easier to read and spell these sounds
when they are welded or glued together rather than segmented. These are often referred
SOUNDS
to as word families because the sounds are altered slightly.
all /¶l/
ball (1.4)
an /an/
fan (1.5)
am /am/
ham (1.5)
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 5
Welded Sounds
ng nk
SOUNDS
6 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Welded Sounds
SOUNDS
old /³ld/
cold (2.3)
olt /³lt/
colt (2.3)
ost /³st/
host (2.3)
ild /«ld/
wild (2.3)
ind /«nd/
kind (2.3)
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 7
Vowel-Consonant-e
a /¡/
SOUNDS
safe (4.1)
e /¦/
Pete (4.1)
i /«/
pine (4.1)
o /³/
home (4.1)
u /¸/ /ü/
mule (4.1) rule (4.1)
y /«/
type (11.1)
8 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Jobs of Silent e
SOUNDS
EX: ________________________
________________________
EX: ________________________
________________________
EX: ________________________
________________________
EX: ________________________
________________________
EX: ________________________
________________________
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 9
Open Vowels
a /¡/ /š/
SOUNDS
e /¦/
me (5.1)
/š/or
i /«/ compliment /¬/ champion
/¦/
hi (5.1) (5.5) (11.3)
o /³/
no (5.1)
u /¸/ /ü/
pupil (5.1) flu (5.1)
10 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Vowels
Vowel-Consonant-e
Closed Syllable Syllable Open Syllable
SOUNDS
a
wash /¶/ (12.3) acorn /¡/ (5.1)
apple /¤/ (1.1) squash /¶/ (12.3) safe /¡/ (4.1) Alaska /š/ (5.5)
e
Ed /§/ (1.2) Pete /¦/ (4.1) me /¦/ (5.1)
i hi /«/ (5.1)
compliment /š/ champion /¦/
itch /¬/ (1.1) pine /«/ (4.1) or /¬/ (5.5) (11.3)
o
octopus /ç/ (1.1) home /³/ (4.1) no /³/ (5.1)
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 11
R-Controlled Vowels
ar
SOUNDS
er /šr/
her (8.1)
ir /šr/
bird (8.1)
ur /šr/
burn (8.1)
12 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Vowel Digraphs / Diphthongs
Vowel Digraph
SOUNDS
Two vowels combined to form only one sound (e.g. ee)
Vowel Diphthong
Two or more letters that begin with one vowel sound and glide into another vowel sound (e.g. oy)
14 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Vowel Diphthongs / Digraphs (continued)
SOUNDS
ew few (9.7) /¸/ grew (9.7) /ü/
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 15
Additional Sounds
tion /sh¹n/
SOUNDS
vacation (7.4)
gh /g/
ghost (12.2)
gn /n/
gnat (12.2)
kn /n/
knife (12.2)
mb /m/
lamb (12.2)
mn /m/
column (12.2)
16 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Additional Sounds
rh /r/
SOUNDS
rhyme (12.2)
wr /r/
wrist (12.2)
que /k/
clique (12.4)
ti /sh/
patient (12.5)
ci /sh/
social (12.5)
tu /chü/
spatula (12.5)
ture /chšr/
capture (12.5)
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 17
Spelling Options for Sounds
Alaska (5.5)
fudge (7.2)
clique (12.4)
18 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Spelling Options for Sounds
SOUNDS
rhyme (12.2)
gnat (12.2)
column (12.2)
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 19
Spelling Options for Sounds
doctor (8.5)
her (8.1) bird (8.1) burn (8.1) beggar (8.5) worm (12.3)
safe (4.1) acorn (5.1) bait (9.1) play (9.1) steak (9.6) vein (11.4) eight (11.5)
champion
Pete (4.1) me (5.1) baby (5.3) jeep (9.2) valley (9.2) eat (9.6) (11.3)
/¦/ /¦/
20 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Spelling Options for Sounds
SOUNDS
cry (5.1)
mule (4.1) pupil (5.1) cue (9.3) feud (9.7) few (9.7)
rule (4.1) flu (5.1) blue (9.3) soup (9.5) school (9.5) deuce (9.7) grew (9.7) suit (9.7)
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 21
Syllables
Use one consonant to “close in” the first syllable: ____________ ____________ (3.1)
EX:
One consonant usually goes with the second syllable: ____________ ____________ (5.2)
EX:
Watch for three-letter blends in the second syllable: ____________ ____________ (3.3)
EX:
22 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
The Six Syllable Types
REAL NONSENSE
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
SYLLABLES
______________ ______________
EXCEPTIONS
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Closed syllables can be combined together to make multisyllabic words. (3.1)
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 23
The Six Syllable Types
REAL NONSENSE
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
SYLLABLES
______________ ______________
These syllables can be combined with other syllables to make multisyllabic words. (4.2)
EXCEPTIONS
Sometimes a word has a vowel, a v, then an e. The e may make the vowel long (five), or it may be there
because English words do not end in a v. The vowel sound may still be short.
EX: ______________
24 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
The Six Syllable Types
REAL NONSENSE
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
SYLLABLES
______________ ______________
These syllables can be combined with other syllables to make multisyllabic words. (5.2)
EXCEPTIONS
a - says - /š/ in an unstressed open syllable (often the first or last syllable in a word)
i - says - /š/ in an unstressed open syllable (often the middle syllable in a word). Sometimes this i sounds
like a short i (/¬/).
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 25
The Six Syllable Types
REAL NONSENSE
______________ ______________
SYLLABLES
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
EXCEPTIONS
s tle (6.4)
When this syllable is preceded by an s, the t is silent. This syllable is sounded /l/.
26 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
The Six Syllable Types
REAL NONSENSE
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
SYLLABLES
______________ ______________
These syllables can be combined with other syllables to make multisyllabic words. (8.2)
EXCEPTIONS
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 27
The Six Syllable Types
Vowel Digraph:
Two vowels together that represent one sound (ee).
Diphthong:
A sound that begins with one vowel sound and glides into another (oi).
These syllables can be combined with other syllables to form multisyllabic words.
EXCEPTIONS
Two vowels together are not always a vowel digraph or diphthong. Sometimes they are divided for
syllabication. (12.1)
28 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Syllable Exception Chart
Closed
(2.1) (2.3)
Vowel-Consonant-e
SYLLABLES
(4.1) (4.4)
Open
(5.1) (5.5)
Consonant-le
(6.4) (6.4)
R-Controlled
(8.1) (8.4)
(9.1) (12.1)
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 29
Spelling Rules / Generalizations
The Bonus Letter Rule for ll, ss, and ff Step 1.4
If a one-syllable word ends in a vowel immediately followed by the consonant l, s, or f, double that consonant
EX: ll ss ff
______________ ______________
The letter a followed by double l does not have the expected short vowel sound (e.g. all)
SPELLING
30 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Spelling Rules / Generalizations
3 When adding a suffix with the same last letter of word or suffix to which it attaches
______________ (6.3)
______________ ______________
SPELLING
EX: (10.3)
5 When adding a prefix to word with the prefix ending with the same letter that begins the word
6 Chameleon Prefixes
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 31
Spelling Rules / Generalizations
32 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Spelling Rules / Generalizations
Baseword: A word that can stand alone as a word or have something added to it.
Suffix: An ending that can be added to a baseword. There are two kinds of suffixes, vowel and consonant.
SPELLING
______________ (6.1) ______________ (10.5) ______________ (10.5)
c (cat) k (kite)
c - cat (1.2) ank, ink, onk, unk (2.1)
cr, cl - crash, clash (2.2) lk, sk - milk, task (2.2)
ic - public (3.1) ke - bike (4.1)
ct - subject (3.3) ke - Ken (7.1)
ki - kite (7.1)
ky - Kyle (7.1)
smirk (r-controlled) (8.1)
seek (double vowel) (9.1)
______________ ______________
SPELLING
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
EX: he is
______________ we would
______________
he will
______________ they have
______________
Do not, when contracted, is spelled don’t and is pronounced /d³nt/. Will not is an irregular
contraction. Combined, it is spelled won’t and is pronounced /w³nt/.
34 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Spelling Rules / Generalizations
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
SPELLING
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 35
Spelling Rules / Generalizations
live + ing
______________ juggle + ing
______________
When adding a consonant suffix to a baseword ending in e, just add the suffix.
EX: like + ly
______________ settle + ment
______________
life + less
______________
If a baseword ends in ce or ge, do not drop the e when adding a vowel suffix. Dropping the e would
change the c or g to a hard sound.
Doubling Words
Closed or r-controlled words with 1 syllable, 1 vowel and 1 consonant after the vowel.
EX: DOUBLING WORDS NON-DOUBLING WORDS
______________ ______________
SPELLING
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
When adding a vowel suffix to a 1:1:1 doubling baseword, double the final consonant.
EX: cup + ed
______________ flat + est
______________
ship + ing
______________
When adding a consonant suffix to a 1:1:1 doubling baseword, just add the suffix.
flat + ly
______________
36 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Spelling Rules / Generalizations
EX: commit' + ed
______________
admit' + ing
______________
prefer' + ed
______________
When adding a consonant suffix to a baseword, just add the suffix.
defer' + ment
______________
NOTE: Words ending in ic: add k rather than doubling the c to add suffix (this helps to retain /k/ sound).
EX: panic
______________ picnic
______________
SPELLING
EX: play + ed
______________ volley + ing
______________
play + ful
______________ employ + ment
______________
If y follows a consonant, change y to i when adding any suffix (y in an open syllable). The i retains the
original sound of the y.
EX: cry + ed
______________ dirty + est
______________
cry + s
______________ lonely + ness
______________
EXCEPTION
When the suffix begins with i, do not change the y to i, just add the suffix.
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 37
High Frequency / Sight Words
WORD: ______________
SENTENCE:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
WORD: ______________
SENTENCE:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
WORD: ______________
SENTENCE:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
WORD: ______________
SENTENCE:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
WORD: ______________
SENTENCE:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
SIGHT WORDS
WORD: ______________
SENTENCE:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
38 © 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com
Vocabulary
WORD PICTURE
MEANING
SENTENCE
WORD PICTURE
MEANING
SENTENCE
WORD PICTURE
MEANING
VOCABULARY
SENTENCE
© 2000 WILSON LANGUAGE TRAINING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (012115) | www.wilsonlanguage.com 39