PEL130 Tutorial Answer Key (2022)

UNIT I
Tutorial Answer Key
1.1 Choose the correct option:
i) These nouns are used to name a GENERAL type of person, place or thing.
a. Common nouns
b. Compound nouns
c. Proper nouns
d. Concrete nouns
ii) These nouns are used to name a SPECIFIC person, place or thing. This noun begins with a capital
letter.
a. Common nouns
b. Abstract nouns
c. Concrete nouns
d. Proper nouns
iii) What types of nouns are two or more words that create a noun? These noun are sometimes one
word or words joined by a hyphen.
a. Compound nouns
b. Abstract nouns
c. Collective nouns
d. Countable nouns
iv) These nouns CAN be counted. They have a singular and a plural form and can be used with a
number.
a. Collective nouns
b. Concrete nouns
c. Countable nouns
d. Compound nouns
v) These nouns CAN NOT be counted.
a. Concrete nouns
b. Uncountable nouns
c. Common nouns
d. Collective nouns
vi) Honesty is the best policy. The word 'honesty' is what type of noun?
a. Common noun
b. Abstract noun
c. Countable noun
d. None of the above
vii) My family lives in that house. The word 'family' is what type of noun?
a. Collective noun
b. Proper noun
c. Common noun
d. All of the above
viii) My sister is a doctor. The word 'sister' is what type of noun?
a. Countable noun
b. Collective noun
c. Compound noun
d. Common noun
ix) Wisdom is better than riches. The word 'riches' is what type of noun?
a. Abstract noun
b. Concrete noun
c. Uncountable noun
d. Proper noun
x) Dr. Jose Rizal is my national hero. The word 'Dr. Jose Rizal' is what type of noun?
a. Proper noun
b. Common noun
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
1.2 Select the correct plural.

i) She has four ______. vi) The ______ are on television.
a. Grandchildrens a. Men
b. Grandchildren b. Mans
c. Grandchilds c. man
ii) Carnivores have sharp ______. vii) ______ can bite.
a. Teeths a. Gooses
b. Tooths b. Geeses
c. teeth c. Geese
iii) My ______ hurt. viii) The farmer has ______.
a. Feet a. Sheeps
b. Foots b. Sheepes
c. feets c. sheep
iv) Cats like to catch ______. ix) There are five ______ in my yard.
a. Mice a. Deeres
b. Mices b. Deer
c. mouses c. deers
v) Three ______ are waiting in line. x) Few ______ like pizza.
a. Woman a. People
b. Women b. Persons
c. womans c. peoples
1.3 Do as directed:
i) Which one is incorrect? d. cousin - cousins
a. person – people v) Fill in the correct noun:
b. woman – women There are four _________ on the
c. child – children desk.
d. pen - pencil a. Book
ii) Choose the incorrect response. b. Pencils
a. watch – watches c. Student
b. chair – chaires d. apple
c. table – tables vi) Fill in the correct noun:
d. computer - computers How many ___________ are
iii) Fill in the correct noun: there in the classroom?
These _________ aren’t green. a. Students
They are black. b. Table
a. Cars c. Desk
b. Key d. water
c. Bag vii) Fill in the correct noun:
d. thing There is a red __________ under
iv) Choose the incorrect response. the chair.
a. baby – babies a. Bags
b. teddy – teddys b. Books
c. guitar – guitars c. Pencil
d. cats a. Two
viii) Fill in the correct noun: b. A
How many _______ are there in c. One
your school bag? d. not
a. Eraser x) Which one is incorrect?
b. Book a. cat – cats
c. Notebooks b. dress – dresses
d. pencil c. children – childrens
ix) Fill in the correct noun: d. eye- eyes
I have got __________ brothers.

i) This world is a mighty big place. a. Adjective
a. Subject b. Direct object
b. Direct object c. Indirect object
c. Indirect object d. Adverb
d. Object of preposition viii) Give your brother his bat.
ii) Please hand me that pitcher. a. Subject
a. Subject b. Direct object
c. Indirect object d. Object of preposition
d. Object of preposition ix) Can we go to the concert tonight?
iii) Mom made my sister a beautiful a. Subject
quilt. b. Direct object
a. Subject c. Indirect object
b. Direct object d. Object of preposition
c. Indirect object x) Could you please make Grandma a
d. Object of preposition cup of tea?
iv) Mandy entered her huge pumpkin in a. Subject
the fair. b. Direct object
c. Indirect object xi) Give the cat her dinner please.
d. Object of preposition a. Subject
v) I nervously handed my grades to my b. Direct object
father. c. Indirect object
a. Subject d. Object of preposition
b. Direct object xii) We were swimming at
c. Indirect object the lake yesterday.
d. Object of preposition a. Subject
vi) Red leaves are falling. b. Direct object
c. Indirect object xiii) It was a five-step ladder.
d. Adjective a. Object of preposition
vii) The player threw the b. Direct object
ball straight ahead. c. Indirect object
d. Adjective xv) He hit that ball right out of the park.
xiv) Joe had to work overtime last night. a. Subject
a. Adverb b. Direct object
c. Indirect object d. Object of preposition
d. Adjective
i) Pronouns which point out the person or thing referred to.

a. Personal pronouns
b. Demonstrative pronouns
c. Interrogative pronouns
d. Relative pronouns
ii) Pronouns which are used to introduce dependent clauses.
b. Compound pronouns
c. Demonstrative pronouns
iii) Pronouns which are used to ask a question.
a. Indefinite pronouns
b. Interrogative pronouns
c. Demonstrative pronouns
d. Reflective pronouns
iv) This, that, these and those are what type of pronouns?
b. Demonstrative pronouns
c. Interrogative pronouns
v) Which is the relative pronoun in the sentence "The success is only for those who
believe in hard working."
a. Is
b. For
c. Who
d. in
vi) Which is the indefinite pronoun in the sentence "Someone called the fire fighter,
when a house was on fire."
a. Someone
b. When
c. Was
d. On
vii) Which is the interrogative pronoun in the sentence "What are others thinking about
me? I do not care it."
a. Other
b. Me
c. I
d. What
viii) Which is the relative pronoun in the sentence "That was the boy whom I saw in the
party last night."
a. That
b. I
c. Whom
d. Them
ix) Choose the correct pronouns to complete the sentences.
The old woman lived alone, with ---- to look after ----.
a. someone / her
b. anyone / herself
c. everyone / she
d. no one / her
x) Choose the correct pronouns to complete the sentences.
---- two rings here on my little finger belonged to ---- grandmother.
a. These / my
b. That / mine
c. Those / me
d. The / myself
i) Fanny told Tammy that polka-dotted slip was showing through her ripped dress.
a. The sentence does NOT contain a pronoun reference error.
b. The sentence DOES contain a pronoun reference error.
ii) Bert's snoring was so loud that he distracted everyone in class from the exciting
lecture.
iii) Partially hydrogenated oils can be especially dangerous to your health, so you should
eliminate this type of fat from your diet.
iv) Which sentence has an unclear pronoun reference?
a. Miko found the missing homework in her binder after school.
b. I got my hair done when I left work early, which was fun.
c. Although it is long, the trail isn't steep.
d. Lydia's mother is a lawyer, but she doesn't practice the law right now.
v) "Tell your brother to use a towel to dry off the puppy," Mom instructed, "and then
throw it into the washing machine."
Choose the revision that corrects the unclear pronoun reference in the sentence.
a. "Tell your brother to use a towel to dry off the puppy," Mom instructed, "and
then throw the towel in the washing machine."
b. "Tell your brother to use a towel to dry it off," Mom instructed, "and then
c. "Tell him to use a towel to dry it off," she instructed, "and then throw the
towel in the washing machine.
d. "Tell him to use a towel to dry off the puppy," Mom instructed, "and then
vi) Which pronoun has an unclear reference?
After hertryout for the soccer team, Jessica finished her algebra homework and
joined her friend Rachel for lunch at her favorite restaurant.
a. Her
b. Her
c. Her
d. Her
1.7 Rewrite each sentence to correct the faulty pronoun reference.
i) The manager told us that the car was not for sale.
ii) When we stopped at Burger King, the clerk said he didn’t have any ketchup.
iii) Paul loves books and thinks reading is an exciting hobby.
iv) Cathy, who looked miserable, was very upset with Claire.
v) Lee wanted to go to the art show with Jake, but Lee arrived too late.
vi) The students could not agree with the narrow-minded teachers.
vii) My mother, my cousin, and I were talking, and my cousin started talking about her
boyfriends.
viii) Every time Pavlov set out his dog’s food, the dog would salivate.
ix) Skiing is exciting, but skiers often have accidents which result in broken bones.
x) Janice asked Paula to invite Paula’s boyfriend to the Saturday night dance.
1.8 Rewrite the passage to correct the faulty pronoun reference.
Once upon a time, there lived a poor widow. She had a son. He was foolish. One day, the
widow told her son to sell the calf. It was their only asset. The boy took the calf to the
market. But he could not sell it. An old man took the calf for three pea-nuts. In the evening
the boy returned home with those pea-nuts. The widow got furious to see them. She threw
away the peanuts out of the window. The next morning, the son saw a big nut tree beside
their house. He climbed up the tree. He saw a big palace on the top of the tree.
1.9 Identify the verb on bold:
i) The mail arrived after I left.

a. transitive verb
b. intransitive verb
ii) That book you recommended sounds interesting.
a. linking verb
b. non-linking verb
iii) I prefer cream rather than milk.
a. dynamic verb
b. static verb
iv) Would you take a picture for us?
a. transitive verb
b. intransitive verb
v) I don't want to fight about who gets the car.
a. dynamic verb
b. static verb
1.10 Do as directed:
i) Pick out the FINITE verb

The beggar thanked the children for giving him the slippers.
a. Thanked
b. Giving
ii) Pick out the NON-FINITE verb
Ravi dragged Mridul to show the kitten.
a. Dragged
b. To show
iii) The "sleeping" kitten meowed at Reva. Sleeping is a_________
a. non-finite verb
b. finite verb
iv) The teacher wanted "to meet" my parents.
a. non-finite
b. finite
v) The rebel "wore" fancy clothes to be different from others. Wore is a ________
a. finite verb
b. non-finite verb
vi) He gave me a chair to sit.
a. Finite verb- to sit, Non-finite- gave
b. Finite verb- gave, Non-finite- to sit
vii) Writing is my passion.
a. Finite verb- is, Non-finite-writing
b. Finite verb- writing, Non-finite- is
viii) Pick out the NON-FINITE verb
She has given me a work to do at home.
a. has given
b. work
c. to do
ix) The athlete "struggled" to finish the race.- Struggled is a ________
a. finite verb
b. non-finite verb
c. finish
x) Pick out the FINITE verb
The boys are planning to paint the room.
a. to paint
b. paint
c. are planning
1.11 Identify all the verbs (finite/ non-finite) in the following sentences.
i) My son likes (finite) to watch (non-finite) TV for hours on end.

ii) She did not recognize (finite) him at all.
iii) She said (finite) that she was coming (finite).
iv) The injured (non-finite) women were taken (finite) to the hospital. (Here the past
participle injured acts as an adjective modifying the noun women.)
v) I want (finite) you to finish (non-finite) the job before you go (finite) home.
vi) She does not want (finite) to waste (non-finite) time watching (non-finite) TV.
vii) The dog wagged (finite) its tail to show (non-finite) its happiness.
viii) I went (finite) to the market with my father to buy (non-finite) some clothes.
ix) Have you ever wanted (finite) to live (non-finite) in another country?
x) Mother is baking (finite) a fresh batch of pastries.
xi) The hawkers shouted (finite) at the top of their voice to attract (non-finite)
customers.
xii) I wish (finite) I had studied (finite) medicine.
i) Tokyo is a big city. Here big is an ………………….

a. adjective of quality
b. adjective of quantity
c. adjective of number
ii) She ate some rice. Here some is an ……………………….
iii) The foolish crow opened his mouth to sing. Here foolish is an …………………………
iv) "Dog collars will be given to THOSE dogs that are trained." - Which type of adjective
is the word in capitals?
a. An adjective that modifies the pronoun.
b. Indefinite Adjective.
c. Demonstrative Adjective.
d. Possessive Adjective.
v) There are several mistakes in your composition. Here several is an ……………………….
vi) Each hand has five fingers. Here five is an …………………………
vii) "Can you see THAT plane?" - Which type of adjective is the word in capitals?
viii) "The students were caught cheating and the teacher confiscated THEIR answer
papers." - Which type of adjective is the word in capitals?
ix) "He was asked to take possession of MY cycle." - Which type of adjective is the word
in capitals?
x) Neither accusation is true. Here neither is a …………………………..
a. numeral adjective
b. distributive adjective
c. demonstrative adjective
1.13 Fill in the blanks with suitable interrogative adjectives.
i) __________ house did you buy? WHICH

ii) __________ happened after I came out of the house is not known to me. WHAT
iii) __________ team won the match is not our problem. WHICH
iv) __________ are we still waiting for her? WHY
v) __________ are you? HOW
1.14 Look at the underlined word in each sentence and identify and write if it is an
Interrogative Adjective (IA) or Interrogative Pronoun (IP).
i) Who threw the football? __________ IP
ii) Which book is yours? __________ IA
iii) What would you prefer, coffee or tea? __________ IP
iv) What colour is her hair? __________ IA
v) At what time do we need to be at the airport? __________ IA
1.15 Choose the correct adjective order:
i) Which is the usual order of adjectives?

a. She was wearing red beautiful shoes.
b. She was wearing beautiful red shoes.
ii) Which is the usual order of adjectives?
a. He is just an old silly man.
b. He is just a silly old man.
iii) Which is the usual order of adjectives?
a. She bought a new powerful computer.
b. She bought a powerful new computer.
iv) Which is the usual order of adjectives?
a. They have just moved into a modern big house.
b. They have just moved into a big modern house.
v) Which is the usual order of adjectives?
a. Last night I watched an interesting German film.
b. Last night I watched a German interesting film.
vi) Andrea had a ________ in her hair yesterday.
a. nice yellow bow
b. yellow nice bow
c. bow nice yellow
vii) She lost a ________ .
a. small white cat
b. cat small white
c. white small cat
viii) I bought ________ oranges.
a. great some big
b. big great some
c. some great big
ix) We met ________ people at the conference.
a. very smart two
b. two very smart
c. very two smart
x) The clown was wearing a ________ hat.
a. big green-yellow
b. big green and yellow
c. yellow and green big
1.16 Fill in the gaps:
Positive Comparative Superlative

Red Redder Reddest
Clumsy Clumsier Clumsiest
Crazy Crazier Craziest
Large Larger Largest
Fortunate More fortunate Most fortunate
Little Less Least
Fore Former Foremost
Numerous More numerous Most numerous
Mad Madder maddest
Old Elder Eldest
i) Which of these is not a type of degree of comparison?

a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Comparative
d) Superlative
ii) What is the superlative of little?
a) Less
b) Lesser
c) Least
d) Worst
iii) Fill in with correct degree of comparison:
Platinum is ______ than any metal.
a) precious
b) more precious
c) most precious
d) many precious
iv) What is the positive of inner?
a) In
b) Inmost
c) Innermost
d) most in
v) Which of the following words’ comparative degree is formed by simply adding the
word more before the adjective itself?
a) Small
b) Nice
c) Heavy
d) Difficult
vi) Choose the correct statement:
a) Milk is more cheap than water.
b) Milk is cheaper than water.
c) Milk is cheap than water.
d) Milk is cheapest than water.
vii) Fill in with the right degree:
Hunger is the ____ sauce.
a) good
b) better
c) best
d) most good
viii) Choose the correct statement:
a) She is one of the most prettiest girl in the class.
b) She is the prettiest girl in the class.
c) She is the most prettiest girl in the class.
d) She is one of the pretty girl in the class.
ix) The Empire State Building is one of __________ buildings in the USA.
a. Tall
b. Taller
c. Tallest
d. Most tall
x) Our neighbourhood is __________ Los Angeles.
a. Peaceful
b. Peaceful than
c. More peaceful
d. More peaceful than
i) Which kind of adverb is used in this sentence? "Fast cars have to be driven carefully."
a. adverb of degree
b. adverb of manner
c. adverb of time
ii) In this sentence, which is the adverb of degree? "Selena always tries really hard."
a. Always
b. Really
c. hard
iii) Which is the adverb of time or frequency? "Nick never tries hard enough."
a. Never
b. Hard
c. enough
iv) Which kind of adverb isn't used in this sentence? "The dam we built here never gets
completely full."
a. adverb of manner
b. adverb of degree
c. adverb of place
v) Which kind of adverb is the word in capitals? - "The boy ate the chocolates
GREEDILY."
a. Adverb of Time/Frequency.
b. Adverb of Place.
c. Adverb of Degree.
d. Adverb of Manner.
vi) Which kind of adverb is the word in capitals? - "Mothers look GENTLY at their
babies."
b. Adverb of Place.
vii) Which kind of adverb is the word in capitals? - "When he knocked on the door, he
was asked to come INSIDE."
b. Adverb of Place.
viii) Which kind of adverb is the word in capitals? - "She received an invitation to attend a
function and she is QUITE sure she will attend."
b. Adverb of Place.
ix) Which kind of adverb is the word in capitals? - "Arvind coughed LOUDLY to attract
attention."
b. Adverb of Place.
x) Which kind of adverb is the word in capitals? - "Our town is so boring! Nothing
interesting EVER happens here."
b. Adverb of Place.
1.19 Choose the correct order of adverbs:
i) Which sentence is more appropriate?

a. I ran energetically on the treadmill once a day after work to increase my
fitness.
b. I ran after work once a day to increase my fitness on a treadmill energetically.
ii) Which sentence is more appropriate?
a. I was joking only.
b. I was only joking.
iii) Which sentence is more appropriate?
a. Our friends must also write a test.
b. Our friends also must write a test.
iv) Which sentence is more appropriate?
a. Mary hardly ever watches TV.
b. Mary hardly watches TV ever.
v) Which sentence is more appropriate?
a. He carefully drives his car.
b. He drives his car carefully.
vi) Which sentence is more appropriate?
a. The children play football in the garden.
b. In the garden, the children play football.
vii) Which sentence is more appropriate?
a. John fell almost off the bike.
b. John almost fell off the bike.
viii) Which sentence is more appropriate?
a. Her boyfriend probably will buy her some flowers.
b. Her boyfriend will probably buy her some flowers.
ix) Which sentence is more appropriate?
a. My uncle is definitely moving to Stockholm soon.
b. My uncle is moving definitely to Stockholm soon.
x) Which sentence is more appropriate?
a. We must brush everyday our teeth.
b. We must brush our teeth everyday.
1.20 Choose the correct adverb:

i) She had ___ left before you arrived. d. very
a. Too ii) He didn't try hard ___.
b. Fairly a. Enough
c. Just b. Almost
c. So d. Totally
d. Less vi) You really are ___ generous.
iii) I did ___ well on the test. a. Many
a. Incredibly b. Much
b. Fully c. Too
c. Strongly vii) The weather is ___ awful.
d. Lots a. Virtually
iv) She's a ___ skilled engineer. b. Absolutely
a. Utterly c. Certainly
b. Totally d. strongly
c. Much viii) The whole weekend was ___
d. Highly perfect.
v) I ___ agree with you. a. Enough
a. Very b. Very
b. Rapidly c. Simply
c. Much d. Little
i) The main job of a conjunction is to _____ two parts of a sentence.

a. Invert
b. Compare
c. Join
ii) Which of the following is a "compound" conjunction?
a. so big that
b. as long as
c. although
iii) Which type of conjunction joins two parts of a sentence that are grammatically
equal?
a. Balancing
b. Subordinating
c. Coordinating
iv) The word "although" can be used to join a dependent clause to a
a. dependent clause
b. conjunction
c. main clause
v) Coordinating conjunctions always come _____ the words or clauses that they join.
a. After
b. Between
c. Before
vi) The words "and", "but" and "so" are often classified as _____ conjunctions.
a. Coordinating
b. Subordinating
c. Dependent
vii) A subordinating conjunction comes ________ of a dependent clause.
a. at the start
b. in the middle
c. at the end
viii) The words "although", "since" and "unless" are examples of common _____
conjunctions.
a. Subordinating
b. Coordinating
c. Dependent
ix) Another word for an independent clause is a
a. unique clause
b. main clause
c. singular or plural
x) When "and" is used with the last word of a list, a comma is
a. Optional
b. Never used
c. Required
1.22 Choose the correct conjunction:
i) I was ill .......................... I didn't go to work.

a. So
b. Because
c. As
ii) You should get your license renewed at once ................... pay a fine.
a. Or
b. Nor
c. but
iii) .......................... there is no demand for this type of book, I cannot place an order.
a. Since
b. As
c. Either could be used here
iv) My grandfather has never flown in an airplane; .......................... does he want to fly
in one.
a. Neither
b. Nor
v) I am very tired ................................ I have been working all day.
a. So
b. Because
c. Therefore
vi) She not only gave us a fine dinner ......................... drove us back home.
a. But
b. But also
c. Also
vii) Cold ............................. it was, we went out.
a. Though
b. Although
c. Even though
viii) I am not angry. ............................. anything I feel a little surprised.
a. If
b. Unless
c. Whether
ix) The Kaziranga National Park is a World Heritage Site ....................... hosts two-thirds
of the one-horned rhinoceros in the world.
a. And
b. That
x) August 31st is a national holiday ............................ everybody dances in the streets.
a. When
b. Where
c. That
1.23 Choose the best, most natural-sounding conjunctive adverb (adverbial conjunction)
for each sentence:
i) You need to work harder; ________________, you'll get fired.

a. Otherwise
b. Moreover
c. Instead
ii) We wanted to go to Portugal; ________________, we went to Brazil.
a. Instead
b. Accordingly
c. Otherwise
iii) He is a very weak president; ________________, most people support him.
a. Otherwise
b. Instead
c. Nevertheless
iv) We wanted to go to the beach; ________________, it started to rain and we stayed
at home.
a. Otherwise
b. However
c. Namely
v) She is a very smart woman; ________________, it is not at all surprising that she got
the job.
a. Nevertheless
b. Similarly
c. Therefore
vi) He has a terrible voice; ________________, he will go down in history as the worst
singer ever.
a. Undoubtedly
b. Otherwise
c. Still
vii) John has very little money; ________________, his brother Jacob is a millionaire.
a. in contrast
b. nonetheless
c. similarly
viii) Roberta didn't have all the ingredients to bake a cake; ________________, she
decided to prepare something else.
a. Finally
b. Indeed
c. Therefore
ix) He couldn't tell her the truth; ________________, he lied.
a. Finally
b. Similarly
c. Instead
x) I really don't know why he came; ________________, I would tell you.
a. Otherwise
b. Instead
c. In contrast
1.24 Choose the correct preposition:
i) Take this medicine and you will get rid -------- the bad cold
a. Of
b. Over
c. At
d. From
ii) I am angry with him ------ his carelessness.
a. On
b. To
c. For
d. At
iii) I brought him -------- with great difficulty.
a. Up
b. On
c. By
d. Into
iv) It is dangerous to enter -------- the enemy’s camp.
a. In
b. On
c. By
d. Into
v) My cousin has invested a lot of money -------- farming.
a. In
b. Between
c. With
d. Into
vi) Good sleep is necessary ______ good health.
a. Of
b. For
c. At
d. From
vii) He is used ________ such hardships.
a. At
b. In
c. To
d. For
viii) Reema is married ________ Rajesh.
a. To
b. With
c. At
d. Between
ix) We should travel ________ night, as it will be cooler.
a. In
b. At
c. With
d. by
x) The thieves quarreled among themselves -------- the booty.
a. About
b. Between
c. With
d. On
1.25 Read each sentence to find out whether there is any error in any part and indicate
your answer against the corresponding letter i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error,
your answer should be indicated as (d).
i) Explanation (a) Delete ‘do not‘. Do not is not used with until.
ii) Explanation (c) Remove back.
iii) Explanation (c) Add ‘that of‘ after than.
iv) Explanation (c) Use ‘carry on‘ in place of ‘pull on‘.
v) Explanation (c) Use ‘on foot‘ in place of ‘by foot‘.
vi) Explanation (c) Use ‘of‘ instead of ‘with‘ as the verb ‘convinced‘ always takes the
preposition ‘of‘ after it.
vii) Explanation (b) Use ‘from‘ in place of ‘with‘. Suffer from something is used.
viii) Explanation (b) Use ‘on‘ in place of ‘from‘. On is used to show a day or date.
ix) Explanation (b) Use ‘of‘ in place of ‘from‘.
x) Explanation (d) The sentence is correct.
1.26 Choose the correct options:
i) An interjection is a part-of-speech that directly expresses

a. an opinion or idea
b. a feeling or emotion
ii) Most interjections are short words or short
a. Phrases
b. Statements
iii) Which list contains one-word interjections?
a. Hey! Oh! Mmm, Ouch!
b. When? Now! Really? Sure
iv) Which list contains two-word interjections?
a. Stop it! Let's go! Come here!
b. My God! On, no! Bloody hell!
v) Interjections often stand alone. They are often
a. part of a sentence
b. not part of a sentence
vi) Which interjection would you use if you felt a sudden pain?
a. Ouch!
b. Umm...
vii) "Interjections are often used by novelists when writing spoken language."
a. True
b. False
viii) Which interjections can mean the speaker is thinking of what to say next?
a. Aha, O.K., Hey!
b. Well, Umm, Er...
ix) If someone shouts "Wow!", they're probably feeling
a. shock or anger
b. surprise or excitement
x) In written English, which is used more often after an interjection?
a. an exclamation mark
b. a question mark
1.27 Choose the most suitable interjection to complete the sentences.
i) _________I hear someone whispering my name.

a) Ah!
b) Oh!
c) Hush!
d) Wow!
ii) _______that feels amazing.
a) Bah!
b) Phew!
c) Yeah!
d) Ahh!
iii) _______I have passed the exam.
a) Hurrah!
b) Ahh!
c) Wow!
d) Hey!
iv) _______I don’t like this vegetable.
a) Uh!
b) Oh!
c) Ugh!
d) Whew!
v) ______ That’s really great news.
a) Hey!
b) Ah!
c) Yay!
d) Wow!
vi) ______What a beautiful dress.
a) Hey!
b) Aww!
c) Oh!
d) Hmm!
vii) _______I spilled my coffee all over the table.
a) Aww!
b) Oops!
c) Uh!
d) Phew!
viii) I can’t believe that you are coming here! _______!
a) Hmm!
b) Woah!
c) Yay!
d) Ah!
ix) _______just look at the puppies.
a) Oh!
b) Aww!
c) Hey!
d) Ah!
x) _______Can you repeat the question?
a) Hey!
b) Hmm!
c) Huh!
d) Uh!
1.28 Write the requested word, phrase or larger structure using the information from the
passage below.
My Friend Mark
by Kenneth Beare
My friend Mark was born in a small town in the north of Canada called Dooly. Mark grew
up a happy and interested boy. He was a good student in school who studied carefully
for all his exams and got very good grades. When it came time to go to university, Mark
decided to move to the United States in order to attend the University of Oregon in
Eugene, Oregon.
Mark enjoyed his time at university. In fact, he enjoyed his time immensely, but he
didn’t really spend the time studying for his courses. He preferred to travel around
Oregon, to visit all the sites. He even climbed Mt. Hood twice! Mark became very strong,
but his grades suffered because he was lazy. During his third year at university, Mark
changed his major to agricultural studies. This turned out to be a very good choice, and
Mark slowly began to get good grades again. In the end, Mark graduated from the
University of Oregon with a degree in agricultural sciences.
Two years after Mark graduated, he met a wonderful, hardworking woman named
Angela. Angela and Mark fell in love immediately. After three years of dating, Mark and
Angela married in a beautiful church on the coast of Oregon. They’ve been married for
two years and now have three lovely children. All in all, life has been very good to Mark.
He’s a happy man and I’m happy for him.
Please find examples of:

i) three nouns-Answer varies
ii) four verbs- Answer varies
iii) two adjectives- Answer varies
iv) two adverbs- Answer varies
v) three prepositions- Answer varies
vi) an exclamatory sentence- He even climbed Mt. Hood twice!
vii) a synonym for “too relaxed”-Immensely
viii) an antonym for “to leave school”-Drop out
ix) an adjective which is a synonym for “powerful”-Strong
x) an adverb which is an antonym of “slowly”-Quickly
xi) a verb which is a synonym for “go to school”-Studied
xii) a noun which is a synonym for “test”-Exam
xiii) a verb which is an antonym for “go down”-Go up
xiv) a noun which is a synonym for “diploma”-Degree
xv) an antonym for the adjective “awful”-Wonderful
xvi) an antonym for the adjective “sad”-Happy
xvii) a synonym for the verb “to go out with a girlfriend or boyfriend”-Dating
Unit-2 Articles, Determiners and Quantifiers
Q1 Choose the correct option and fill in the blanks:

1. The Amazon in Brazil is ---- longest river in ---- South America.
a. the / -
b. -/ the
c. the / the
d. a / the
Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentence:
2. Last summer we went on ---- cruise in the Caribbean. Among ---- Islands we visited were
Bermuda and the Bahamas.
a. / the
b. a / the
c. the / an
d. the / -
Choose the correct option and fill in the blanks:

3. ____Tower of London is _____ popular tourist attraction.
a. An/a
b. The/the
c. The/a
d. A/an

4. Newcastle is ______town in _______ north of ______England
a. a/the/_
b. a/the/the
c. the/a/an
d. the/the/the

5. _____Princess lives in______ palace in London
a. The/a
b. a/the
c. a/an
d. the/the

6. ______ Harrods is a huge department store near_______ gardens
a. The/the
b. a/the
c. -/-
d. a/a
7. There are three cars parked outside: _____ Mercedes, ______ Jaguar and _____ Fiat.
Mine is _______ Fiat
a. a/the/the/the
b. a/a/a/the
c. the/an/an/the
d. the/the/the/the
8. _________ Buckingham Palace is where __________ Queen of England officially lives.
a. -/the
b. a/the
c. the/the
d. a/an
9.She bought_______ expensive necklace at ________ Harrods.
a. an/the
b. an/-
c. the/the
d. an/a
10. They went for______ stroll around _______ St James' Park.
a. a/-
b. a/the/
c. a/an
d. the/the
11. The supermarket is in _______ Kendell Street opposite _______ Lloyds Bank.
a. No article
b. The/the
c. The/a
d. a/the

12. ________ hotel where they held their wedding reception was called ________ Grand
Hotel.
a. No article
b. The/the
c. The/a
d. a/an

13. Sunidhi was born in _______ Sweden but she lives in ______ USA now.
a. No article/the
b. The/the
c. a/the
d. No article/no article

14. The convict is in_____ prison on _____ outskirts of town.
a. No article/the
b. No article/no article
c. The/the
d. a/the

15. His favorite newspaper is _______ Guardian.
a. No article
b. A
c. An
d. The

16. _______ Gatwick Airport is in _______ southern England.
a. No article/no article
b. No article/the
c. The/the
d. A/the

17. _____Duchess of York opened ______ new hospital in______ center of London.
a. The/a/the
b. The/the/the
c. The/a/an
d. The/an/a

18. He went on _______ expensive holiday to _______ Bahamas.
a. An/a
b. An/the
c. a/a
d. an/an

19. _____ Statue of Liberty is in _____ New York.
a. The/no article
b. The/the
c. a/no article
d. an/the

20. ____National Park was opened____ last week by _____ mayor.
a. The/the/the
b. The/an/the
c. The/no article/the
d. a/the/the

21. _____ expedition to _____ South Pole needs a lot of careful planning.
a. An/the
b. The/the
c. An/a
d. a/a

22. ______ Odeon cinema is in ______ Appleton Street just past _____ library.
a. The/a/the
b. The/no article/the
c. The/the/the
d. The/an/the

23. Last month I saw _____ movie and then went to ______ concert.
a. a/a
b. a/the
c. the/the
d. an/an

24. ---- most of ---- stories people tell about ---- Irish are not true.
a. A/the/the
b. The/the/the
c. No article/the/the
d. An/An/the

25. ---- beef we had for dinner last night was excellent.
a. A
b. The
c. An
d. No article
Choose the correct option:
26. Everyone has problems in ---- life.
a. The
b. A
c. No article
d. An

27. I don't know much about ---- life of Napoleon.
a. The
b. No article
c. A
d. An

28. I have completed my research about ---- geography of Albania.
a. No article
b. A
c. The
d. An

29. This DVD player is ---- more sophisticated of the two models sold in our shop now
therefore I recommend you to buy it.
a. The
b. No article
c. An
d. A

30. A laptop generally costs more than a desktop computer of similar specification even
though its performance is usually ---- lower.
a. The
b. An
c. A
d. No article
Q2Directions (Q. Nos. 1 to 20): Find out whether there is any error in using articles in
the given sentences. The faulty part will be the answer.
1. I have been (1) / informed that (2) / Mr. Clinton visits Rajasthan (3) / following
month. (4)
2. In the field of invention (1) / the credit goes to a man (2) / who convinces the world
(3) / with his arguments not to the man who simply thinks. (4)
3. He claims to be a scientist (1) / but in reality he (2) / does not know even (3) / A B C
of science. (4)
4. Her father (1) / forbade her to go (2) / to cinema (3) / with Mohan Singh. (4)
5. It is an impossible task (1) / to calculate number (2) / of creatures living (3) / on the
earth. (4)
6. The man (1) / is the only living creature (2) that can speak (3) / and smile. (4)
7. He is an atheist (1) / but today he is going (2)/ to the church (3) / for offering prayer. (4)
8. She leads (1) / a luxurious life (2) / so she visits everywhere (3) / by a car. (4)
9. The principal instructed (1) / the girls to return (2) / to the college (3) / before the
sunset. (4)
10. You must (1) / be true to your words (2) / in order to enjoy (3) / the real reputation in the
life. (4)
11. It was an insight (1) / and perseverance of the lady doctor (2) / that many women were (3)
/ able to lead normal life. (4)
12. It is a pity (1) / that the daughter of millionaire (2) / is involved in (3) / the bank robbery.
(4)
13. He was in a trouble (1) / when he saw (2) / a truck running (3) / towards his car. (4)
14. The fruits of (1) / all the modern luxuries (2) / lie/ (3) in the science. (4)
15. Little knowledge (1) / of computers that she possessed (2) / proved a boon for her (3) in
getting a job
16 Ankit prefers (1) / self-employment (2) / to job (3) / in any office. (4)
17 Amar‘s habit of (1) / delaying his work (2) / put his friends (3) / to lot of trouble. (4)
18 Although he is not (1) / a honorable man (2) / yet he is (3) / not a crook. (4)
19 The saint drew (1) / an attention of the (2) / followers to the (3) / importance of regular
practice. (4)
20 Diksha is (1) / a best student (2) / in our class (3) / at present. (4) / No Error
Q3 Read this short article about the Czech town of Most. For each space, decide which
article, if any, should be used. Write either "a", "an", "the" or put "x" if you don't
think there should be any article or if there doesn't need to be an article.
The moment you arrive in Most you're hit by smog. You can feel it in back of
your throat and taste sulphur in the air.
On the edge of town lies huge industrial complex, vast mill of smokestacks
and cooling towers, it's one of sources of the smog. Most itself hasn't changed
much since the end of Communism. There are few more shops with few
more goods for sale. But there's still bleak, lifeless feel to the place. industrial
workers are housed in rows of identical apartment blocks and do their shopping
in colourless, concrete town centre.
The surrounding countryside has, over years, been transformed into scarred
landscape of huge open-cast mines. From them comes lignite, the brown coal
which is main source of cheap fuel here, as well as the cause of much of the pollution.
When burnt it gives off thick sulphur fumes.
price of industrial growth here has been great...and the people of Most are still living
with its consequences. In the children's ward of the local hospital, Dr. Jiri Biolek, deals with
the effects of the pollution on city's young. Sitting in his spartan office, he remembers
the day back in the autumn of 1981 when the pollution was so bad that all leaves
fell off the trees overnight. few days later there was an outbreak of pneumonia in
the town. The "authorities of the time", as Dr. Biolek calls them, told hospital to say
the illnesses had been caused by virus.
Answers:
The, the, x, a, a, x, the, x, a, a, a, the, the, the, a, x, x, the, x, the, the, x, the, a , x, the, a
Q4
Complete each sentence by choosing one of these quantifiers.
none
both
every
much
little
some
any
many
1. I've sat in that chair a time and thought about poor Joseph.
2. Meg and Clare were in agreement about the cost of the repairs.
3. Why do you get me so upset time you come to the house?
4. moment now, John will arrive saying he's feeling sick and needs to go home.
5. Daniel, you have notion of what it takes to be successful.
6. of the donors was willing to increase their donation and the charity went
broke.
7. We owe of what we know about Antarctica to the permanent research
stations there.
8. If I give you the cash, can you buy wine and a bag of rice for me?
Answers:
Many, both, every, any, little, none, much, some
Q5 Choose the appropriate quantifier / determiner.
1. Can I have a few / some / many butter please?
2. He has a lot of / many / some money. He owns two large apartments.
3. Do you want sugar in your tea? ― Just how much / a little / a few ‗please.‖
4. I have a lot of / much / a little DVDs.
5. I‘ll be ready in some / a few / little minutes.
6 How many / how much time do you need to finish your homework?
7. How many / how much books have you read in the last two months?
8. Do you want much / any / few cosmetics from Avon?
9. We have little / a little / few bread. It is not enough for dinner.
10. We have much / many / few chairs but we need more

Q6 Complete the following exercise with correct quantifiers.
1-3.We are going to be late. There is too (much / many) traffic.
Yeah, the (amount / number) of people driving is incredible.
I've never seen this (much / many) cars.
4-5. Can you bring soda to the picnic? I don't have (some / any).
Yeah, I think I've got (some / any) left over from the party.
6-9. How do you feel about your new job? Do you have as (much /
many) responsibilities as you used to?
The job is great. I have about the same (amount / number) of
work to do as before, but I have (less / fewer) stress and
(less / fewer) problems.
10-12. How do you think you did on the test? I think I did (little / a
little) better than last time, maybe even (a lot / many) better.
What about you?
Well, I think I probably made (few / a few) mistakes, but I have
the feeling I did well overall.
13-18. Mr. President, do you think (much / many) of your proposed
legislation will be passed by Congress during this session?
Yes I think (a great deal / a great many) of our proposals

will be approved. We're not taking (nothing / anything) for
granted, though. We still have (a great deal of / a great
many) work to do.
The polls say that there's (little / a little) support nationwide
for your military program. Isn't that going to hurt you?
Not in the long run, no. (Few / A few) of the voters actually
support the military system the way it is now. I think we will be
successful.
Answers
Much, number, many, any, some, many, amount, less, fewer, a little, a lot, a few, much, a
great many, anything, a great deal of, little, few
Q7 Choose the correct option and fill in the blanks
9.
10.
1 The instructor told the young climbers to hold on to the rope with ____ hands.
A) both B) every C) all D) each E) either
2The noise of the gunshot rang through the trees and the birds flew off in ____ directions.
A) all B) each C) either D) every E) whole
3The train doesn‘t stop at ____ station along the way, but it stops at ____ of the main ones.
A) all / either B) every / most C) each / much D) both / some E) few / all
4Unfortunately, our local library had ____ books on the subject, so I‘m going to the city
library tomorrow hoping to find ____ more.
A) much / a little B) a little / a lot C) little / many D) a few / much E) few / some
5. There has been ____ fruit on the pear tree in our garden this year, so we won‘t be giving
____ away.
A) a little / many B) all / each C) little / much D) every / some E) much / either
6. ____ players have won this competition before, so ____ of them could win today.
A) A few / all B) Each / every C) Every / no D) Both / either E) None / neither
7. A lot of people rushed to the area, but most of ____ failed to find ____ gold.
A) them / any B) they / much C) theirs / many D) him / some E) his / none
8. The children have had quite ____ excitement for one day , I think it‘s time they went to
bed.
A) few B) all C) more D) little E) enough
9. He thought he would get the contract, but a business competitor of ____ got ____.
A) he / itself B) his / it C) us / his D) yours / its E) him / them
10. My daughter got a better mark for her last French written composition because there
were ____ mistakes in it.
A) little B) much C) many D) fewer E) the least
11 A: Which of these wallpaper designs would you like in the living?

B: ____. ____ look horrible. Why can‘t we just paint the walls?
A) All / None B) Neither / Both C) Either / Whole D) None / Some E) Every / Each
12 . I wonder if ____ of our neighbours would look after our cat while we are away.
Athe whole B) few C) little D) either E) every
13 . ____ of the competitors was badly affected by the extreme heat and passed out.
A) Some B) No C) A few D) One E) All
14 I would like her more if she showed ____ consideration for others.
A) fewer B) several C) a little D) too much E) many
15 . I‘m glad we bought the new lawn mower. Now I can mow the lawn using ____the
effort.
A) fewer B) none C) much D) all E) half
16 Smog may appear brownish in colour when it contains high concentrations of nitrogen
dioxide, or it may look blue-grey when it contains large amounts of ozone. In ____ case,
prolonged exposure will damage lung tissue.
A) both B) either C) none D) all E) some
17 In ____ mid-1970s, people became aware of the phenomenon called ____acid rain.
A) the / --- B) --- / an C) a / an D) a / the E) the / an
18 The word deafness is used to describe ____ degree of hearing loss, though it is most
commonly used where there is ____ total inability to hear.
A) some / much B) the / some C) a / many D) every / an E) any / a
19 I went into town specially to buy a jacket for the Christmas party, but I didn‘t see ____
that I liked.
A) a few B) any C) all D) much E) some
20 As ____ Indian athlete in this discipline reached the qualifying time, India won‘t be
represented in this event at the Olympics.
A) no B) few C) little D) hardly any E) fewer
21 Throughout the history of the country, ____ French, along with most of the other people
of the world, have paid little attention to the quality of ____natural environment.
A) some / --- B) a / them C) the / their D) --- / its E) many / theirs
22 Diamonds have ____ uses. In addition to the obvious use in jewelry, they have ____
number of industrial applications.
A) much / any B) many / a C) plenty of / the D) some / each E) more / every
23 ____ the painters have achieved so far is to make the office look more of a mess than it
did this morning.
A) The whole B) Some C) All D) None E) A little
24 Let‘s go somewhere for a cup of tea I don‘t want to go in any more shops as I‘ve spent
____already.
A) several B) a lot of C) a few D) many more E) too much
25 Despite all ____ efforts, neither Susan‘s composition nor ____ was good enough to
impress the teacher.
A) ourselves / me B) us / myself C) ours / my D) our / mine E) us / ourselves
26 The richness of Asia‘s cultures is reflected in ____ arts and literature.
A) theirs B) it C) its D) them E) itself
27 The teacher said that if Joseph caused ____ trouble in class, she would send his mother a
letter.
A) any more B) far few C) a number of D) so many E) several
28 . ____ employees voted against the strike even though they were dissatisfied with the pay
rise.
A) Several of B) Plenty C) Much of D) Half E) A good many
29 After ____ wins at amateur level, he‘ll be ready to race professionally.

A) almost none B) any longer C) a few more D) much E) plenty
30 Tea and coffee contain caffeine, which is harmful, so the doctor told me to avoid drinking
____ .
A) both of them B) much of it C) all of them D) some of it E) neither of them
Q8 Complete the passage using the appropriate option:
Flowers are not only beautiful and fragrant, they are often also edible. Indians have always
relished eating flowers and (a) …………………………… (some/one) of the delicacies of
Bengali cuisine is fritters made of pumpkin flowers. (b) ……………………………
(one/another) flower widely eaten in the north-east is the banana flower which is made into a
number of dishes.
Today, eating flowers is catching on in a big way. Apart from the cauliflower and broccoli,
there are (c) …………………………… (various/some) other edible flowers too. In (d)
…………………………… (any/some) western countries, crystallized flowers are used as
decoration for cakes and puddings. Lavender flowers have (e) ……………………………
(much/many) uses. They are used for making lavender water as well as in custards and ice
creams. (f) …………………………… (many/any) herbs like rosemary, thyme, and basil are
used for garnishing and flavor.
Answers:
(a) one
(b) Another
(c) various
(d) some
(e) many
(f) Many
Q9 Choose the correct option and fill in the blanks.
1. Shelly donated ______ of her savings to the children's society.

(A) plenty
(B) much
(C) some
(D) more
2. Do not eat too ______ spicy food; you might get heartburn.
(A) little
(B) many
(C) much
(D) few
3. The fisherman managed to sell ______ his catch at the market today.
(A) none
(B) few
(C) most
(D) all
4. Make sure you add ______ salt or the dish will be tasteless.
(A) enough
(B) more
(C) any
(D) a little
5. Have you given ______ thought as to what you are going to do next ?
(A) any
(B) many
(C) several
(D) more
6. His pocket money wasn't ______ for him to get a proper meal in school.
(A) plenty
(B) a lot
(C) enough
(D) more
7. Although the prize was good, ______ of the children wanted to take part in the
contest.
(A) all
(B) some
(C) both
(D) none
8. ______ people in the neighborhood intend to organize a party.
(A) All
(B) More
(C) Several
(D) Any
9. Are there ______ snacks left in the cupboard ?
(A) more
(B) plenty
(C) any
(D) fewer
10. The cost of ______ packet of apples is three dollars.
(A) most
(B) all
(C) some
(D) each
Answers:
1C 2C 3D 4A 5A 6C 7D 8C 9C, 10 D
Q10 Find out the error and write the incorrect and correct in the box given below.
See here, Mr Allison, give me the break,
(a) won‘t you. I‘ve got to get a story or an editor will
(b) fire me. Please do tell me anything about yourself
(c) How did you happen to get into that work
(d) Do you have some family? Please
(e) do give me a answer. Well, if you won‘t
(f) talk, I‘ll write mine own story, but you
(g) may not like the all story you‘ll read
(h) You have few minutes to consider my offer. I‘ll return after visiting the warden.
Q no Incorrect Correct
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Answer:
a An The
b Anything something
c That this
d Some any
e A any
f Mine my
g All whole
h Few a few
Scientists who tracked five
(a) leopards fitted with GPS collars gathered any
(b) new insights. Much of these leopards ventured as close as 25 metres to individual houses
(c) at night. Dogs appeared be their both preferred
(d) prey. Other of the leopards, Jai and Lakshai, were
(e) captured from a densely populated area. Many leopard Ajoba was captured after he fell
into a well.
(f) For the study, scientists collected data other
(g) three hours. Either that the study implied was that they were resident in their ranges. It
appeared that
(h) relocation may some have only short term local
(i) effects or simply move the conflict to each area or increase the level of conflict
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
Answer
a any Some
b much Most/many
c both Most
d other two
e many another
f other every
g either all
h some either
i each another
a) Once there was the man called Hasan.
(b) He was one of the much great
(c) lords at a court of a Persian king.
(d) Hasan had the great wish to
(e) find any way of making himself
(f) invisible. To their good luck, he met
(g) the magician who agreed to sell him
(h) a magic wand for many gold.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Answer
a The a
b Much many
c A the
d The a
e Any some
f Their his
g The a
h Many some
Unit 3
Tenses
3.1MCQs on tenses
1.Who ________ food in your family when your Mom is away?
A. cooks
B.is cooking
C.has been cooking
D.cooked
2. Where is John? – He ___________ his car in the garage.
A.repairs
B.is repairing
C.has repaired
D.repaired
I love this film. I_________ it four or five times already.
A.see
B.have seen
C.had seen
4. Have you visited any European countries? – Yes. I ______Spain and Italy two years ago.
A.visited
B.have visited
C.had visited
5. She ______the living room when she heard a strange noise in the kitchen.
A.has cleaned
B.has been cleaning
C.was cleaning
6. I envy you. At five tomorrow you __________some tan on the beach at the seaside.
A.will get
B.will be getting
C.will have gotten
D.will have been getting
7. You arrived two days ago. You are going to leave next Sunday. By the time you leave,
you ____________ nine days here.
A.spend
B.have spent
C.are spending
D.will have spent
8. Where is he? I _________for him since three o'clock!
A.am waiting
B.have been waiting
C.was waiting
D.had been waiting
9. I went to Belgium last month. I had never been there before. It's a beautiful country.
A.have never been
B.had never been
C.never was
D.never been
10. He said that his mother would be very upset when she _______ that he had lost his job.
A. learns
B.learned
C.had learned
D.would learn
3.2
1.had made and stick do not match the present tense that was set up by goes. The sentence
should read, ―Whenever Maudeline goes to the store, she makes a list and sticks to it.‖
2.This sentence is correct.
3.applied and write do not match tense. If you‘ve already applied, hopefully you‘ve already
written your essays as well! The sentences should read, ―I applied to some of the most
prestigious medical schools. I hope the essays I wrote get me in!‖
4. I jumped when I heard the shriek outside; I ran to the window to see what was going on. I
stood frozen in the room wondering what I should do, so I rushed to the door
5. As we were walking to the ice cream shop yesterday, a large dog jumped in front of us and
blocked our way.
3.3
1. Ans:
I used to think I wanted to major in biology. After taking a biology class my first semester,
however, I realized that perhaps biology was not for me. I decided not to worry about it and
to just take classes that fulfilled my core requirements. I took a journalism class and I loved
it. I have decided to major in journalism, and I feel confident that this is the right decision.
2. We were all snuggled up on the couch to watch a movie as the rain pounded against the
window. Then there was a tremendous rumble of thunder, and the electricity went out. We
slowly walked into the kitchen to get some flashlights and candles. We decided to play a
game of Clue by candlelight. We played five games before the lights came back on. I must
say, it was pretty fun!
3. Ans:
If you want to pick up a new outdoor activity, hiking is a great option to consider. It‘s a sport
that is suited for a beginner or an expert—it just depends on the difficulty hikes you choose.
However, even the earliest beginners can complete difficult hikes if they pace themselves
and are physically fit.
Not only is hiking an easy activity to pick up, it also has some great payoffs. As you walk
through canyons and climb up mountains, you can see things that you have not otherwise.
The views are breathtaking, and you get a great opportunity to meditate on the world and
your role in it. The summit of a mountain is unlike any other place in the world.
4. Ans:
An only child, Jaime was a growing nine-year-old boy in my fourth-grade class. At home,
his diet consisted of cold cereal and bologna sandwiches. His dad was a single parent who
worked the second shift in a local factory welding semi-trailers. As I was going through the
lunch line one day, I noticed Jaime requesting an additional portion of pizza for his school
lunch which the cooks denied. When I asked the cooks about it, one of them said, "That kid
is always hungry." That settled it. Without his knowing who furnished it, there was an extra
lunch for Jaime every day for the rest of the year. I felt good knowing that Jaime wasn't
going hungry, even though my meager beginning teacher's salary was barely enough for me
to pay my bills and repay my college loans.
5. Ans:
As a teacher, I knew that Jaime could not learn with hunger foremost in his mind. For him,
the purpose of school was not only to learn the three Rs of reading, writing, and arithmetic,
but it was also to serve as a social function. Since Jaime was an only child, he was also
starved for interaction with other children his age.
3.4 Directions: In each group of sentences or paragraphs below, place a tick in front of the
sentence or paragraph that correctly uses verb tenses.
1.
a .I picked up the cell phone quickly and dial the number
b.I pick up the cell phone quickly and dialed the number.
c. I picked up the cell phone quickly and dialed the number.
2. a.Suddenly, the lights flickered and an uninvited guest enters the room.
b. Suddenly, the lights flicker and an uninvited guest enters the room.
c. Suddenly, the lights flicker and an uninvited guest entered the room.
3. a. When I was comfortable, I began my homework.

b. When I was comfortable, I begin my homework.
c. When I am comfortable, I began my homework.
4. a. Stephen is going to save his money so that he will be able to buy a drum set.
b. Stephen is going to save his money so that he was able to buy a drum set.
c.Stephen saves his money so that he was able to buy a drum set.
5. a . Yesterday, we went to the movies. We shared a large popcorn. After the movie, we
went out for pizza. I loved pizza, but I am so full from the popcorn that I am hardly able to
finish one slice.
b. Yesterday, we went to the movies. We were sharing a large popcorn. After the movie, we
are going out for pizza. I love pizza, but I was so full from the popcorn that I could hardly
finish one slice.
c. Yesterday, we went to the movies. We shared a large popcorn. After the movie, we went
out for pizza. I love pizza, but I was so full from the popcorn that I could hardly finish one
slice.
6. a. My sister Julie and her friend Carli are going to bake a batch of Grandma‘s oatmeal
butterscotch cookies on Saturday night. Julie has never made cookies before. I hope they turn
out all right!
b. My sister Julie and her friend Carli are going to bake a batch of Grandma‘s oatmeal
butterscotch cookies on Saturday night. Julie has never made cookies before. I hope they
turned out all right!
c. My sister Julie and her friend Carli are going to bake a batch of Grandma‘s oatmeal
butterscotch cookies on Saturday night. Julie is never going to make cookies before. I hope
they turn out all right!
3.7Fill in the blanks with the appropriate tenses:

A. I ____went_ to the bank yesterday, and tomorrow I __will___ go to the
supermarket.
B. People ___used __ to send letters in the mail, but now many people ___send__
email.
C. If she ___had worked __ harder, she would have received a better score on the
exam.
D. If we _had____ planned better, we __would not___ be behind schedule now.
E. You __would not ___ be ill if you _had not eaten____ that spoiled food.
F. Dogs that __had barked___ badly before being trained can now __behave___ well.
G. We __had gone___ to the show last week, but we ___arrived __ early.
H. Jane wants to play tennis if she can __put on___ her new shoes.
I. In the past, the winters __used to be___ very cold, but now winters __are___
milder.
J. You will improve your English if you ___practice/work__ every day.
3.8 MCQs based on Conditionals

1.What would you do differently if you _____ to do this again?
A. have
B. had
C. would have
2.If I _____ the more expensive bike, I won't have enough money to pay my rent.
A.buy
B.bought
C.will buy
3.The project _____ delayed if I don't finish this report on time.
A.is
B.will be
C.would be
4.If I _____ you, I'd go to the doctor's.

A.am
B.were
C.will be
5.You don't need to print your ticket as long as _____ the email.
A.you have
B.you had
C.you'll have
6.If I cared what people think, I _____ a very boring life!
A.had
B.will have
C.would have
7.I'll go and visit her as soon as I _____ time.

A.have
B.will have
C.Had
8.If he _____ the penalty, we would have won Saturday's game.
A.scored
B.had scored
C.would score
9.I _____ a cake this morning if I'd known you were coming.
A.buy
B.would bought
C.would have bought
D.would buy
10.If I _____ so much cheese last night, I wouldn't feel terrible now.
A.didn't eat
B.wouldn't eat
C.hadn't eaten
11.We _____ late if you hadn't taken such a long time getting ready.
A.wouldn't be
B.won't be
C.aren't
Explanation:Mixed Conditional
12.If you hadn't seen the car, it _____ us back there.

A.would have hit
B.hadn't hit
C.would hit
13.If my grandmother _____ alive, she would have loved to see me graduate.
A.is
B.would be
C.Were
14.I _____ you it wasn't a good idea if you'd asked me.

A.would tell
B.would have told
C.will tell
15.If I'd bought that flat then, it _____ worth a lot of money now.
A.would be
B.had been
C.will be
16.If I'd planted seeds in spring, I _____ tomatoes now.
A.would have
B.had have
C.'ll have
17.My mum would be fine now if the doctor _____ what was wrong with her at the
beginning.
A.had realised
B.would have realised
C.realised
18.If my train had been on time, I _____ my meeting.
A.won't miss
B.wouldn't miss
C.wouldn't have missed
19.If you _____ studying earlier, you'd feel more prepared for the exam.
A.start
B.would start
C.had started
20.They would have seen the fireworks if they _____ here 15 minutes earlier.
A.were
B.would be
C.had been
Explanation:
21.If I didn't have so much work this week, I _____ with you yesterday.
A.would have gone
B.would go
C.had been
22.My parents _____ if my grandmother hadn't left Ireland.
A.wouldn't meet
B.wouldn't have met
C.won't meet
23.They really don't think they know about this. If they did, she _____ her job months ago.
A.would lose
B.had lost
C.would have lost
Explanation:Mixed Conditional
24.If I hadn't overslept, I ______ on time.
A.will have been
B.would have been
C.will be
25.I ______ that car if I had had more money at the time.
A.could have bought
B.could buy
C.will buy
26.If I ______ harder for the test I would have gotten a better grade.
A.had studied
B.will study
C.did study
27.If only we ______ the directions!

A.will follow
B.did follow
C.had followed
28.If the road hadn't been icy, we ______ an accident.
A.won't have
B.wouldn't have had
C.didn't have
29.You will be fined if you _____ your car there.
A.would have parked
B.are parking
C.will park
D.Park
30.Would you mind if I _____ early?
A.would left
B.left
C.was left
D.would leave
Unit 4
Phrases and clauses
4.1Identify whether the underlined part is a phrase or a clause
1.Opening the gate, Jose let his dog into the yard.
A: phrase
B: clause
2. It is too bad that Ms. Fraser will not be teaching next year.
A: phrase
B: clause
3. The player who hits the winning run will be the MVP for the game.
A: phrase
B: clause
4. The girl whose leg was broken last year will be running in the big race tomorrow.
A: phrase
B: clause
5. After listening to the students, Mr. Johnson changed his mind about the assignment.
A: phrase
B: clause
6. After the game, the team went out for ice cream.
A: phrase
B: clause
7. Vicky's dog went missing on the last stormy night.
A: phrase
B: clause
8. They all started walking toward the mall.
A: phrase
B: clause
9. Chelsea was waiting in front of the movie theater.
A: phrase
B: clause
10. Whenever I don't have any homework, I like to go for a bike ride after school.
A: phrase
B: clause
11. If the story doesn't have any vampires in it, Katie won't read it.
A: phrase
B: clause
12.This job would be fun if the boss was nicer.
A: phrase
B: clause
13. There could be a problem if our pitcher is late for the game.
A: phrase
B: clause
14. In the art supplies cupboard, you should find the brushes you need.
A: phrase
B: clause
15. Did you look for your binder under your bed?
A: phrase
B: clause
16.The boy with the temporary dragon tattoo figured out why the sheep were missing.
A. Phrase
B. Clause
17. While Sofia was wandering the countryside, she got lost.
A. Phrase
B. Clause
18. I could eat a peanut butter sandwich for every meal.
A. Phrase
B. Clause
19. ―Because she excelled in school‖
A. Phrase
B. Clause
20. I left the keys inside my favourite grocery store.
A. Phrase
B. Clause
4.2 Quiz: Types of clauses

1. Although it was raining, Maria went for a jog at Civitan Park. Dependent Clause
2. Brianna eats chocolate whenever she gets a poor grade in math. Dependent Clause
3. After the flood, the family moved into a temporary shelter. Not a Clause (This is simply
a prepositional phrase.)
4. While walking at the park, John saw a raccoon eating potato chips. Independent Clause
5. Students enrolled in bachelor's and associate's degree programs must pass the Regents'
Test as a graduation requirement. Independent
6. Students who fail to show up for the Regents' test must enroll in the Regents' remediation
courses. Dependent Clause
7. When you finish your homework, please take the dog for a walk. Dependent Clause
8. After Juan completed the assignment, he swam laps at the gym. Dependent Clause
9. Christa left home at 4:00 a.m. since she had to drive to Atlanta for a meeting.
Dependent Clause
10. Before completing the assignment, Evan decided to eat a quick lunch. Not a Clause
4.3
Find out the dependent clauses and the subordinating conjunctions (dependent words) that
introduce the dependent clauses.
1. I refused to go because I had homework to do.
2. I could make good grades if I studied.
3. After I finish college, I‘ll get a job.
4. They were playing Frisbee while he was studying.
5. Her essay would have been better if she had rewritten it.
6. Unless you return your library book today, you‘ll have to pay a fine of ten cents per day.
7. A large vocabulary is the characteristic that most often accompanies outstanding success.
8. He was searching for the money that he had dropped in the snow on Christmas Day.
9. Although he looked a long time, he couldn‘t find it.
10. Until you understand subjects and verbs, you cannot understand clauses and their
purposes in sentences.
4.4In the following exercise, if the clause is independent and, therefore, a sentence, put a
period after it. If the clause is dependent and, therefore, a fragment, add an independent
clause either before or after it to make it into a sentence.
***Remember that if the dependent clause comes first in the sentence, it should have a
comma after it.
1. As he ran to catch the ball ,he slipped and fell
2. He finally caught it .
3. She couldn‘t find the necessary reference material .
4. Because no one had told me about the new ruling ,I was caught by the police.
5. When I make up my mind to work ,I do really great.
6. I‘m going to stay at home tonight .
7. If I can just spend a couple of hours on my math ,I can become a prodigy.
8. I should study my psychology .
9. When I‘m finished with both of them ,I will go for a cup of milk.
10. I‘ll feel confident for those tests.
4.5
Answer may vary
4.6
Answr may vary
4.7
4.7 Use the appropriate subordinating conjunction to make a complex sentence.
1. _____ I was finishing my homework, she began cooking.
A.If
B.As
C.Before
D.No sooner
Use 'as' (or 'while') as a time expression expressing the idea that something happens at the
same time.
2. _____ as the students had completed their exams, their parents rewarded their efforts by
giving them a trip to Paris.
A.Inasmuch
B.Due to
C.Before
D.No conjunction required
Use 'inasmuch' as a subordinating conjunction to express that a condition has been fulfilled.
3. He will let us know _____ he decides.

A.as soon as
B.due to the fact
C.inasmuch
D.so that
Use the time expression 'as soon as' with the same meaning as 'when' but to express more
urgency.
4. Mary is rich, _____ I am poor.
A.if
B.while
C.when
D.unless
The subordinating conjunction 'while' can be used to mean at the same time, or to contrast
information in the same sense as 'although'.
5.6. _____ the test is difficult, you had better get some sleep.
A.As soon as
B.Due to
C.As
D.As long as
The subordinating conjunction 'as' can be used as a synonym for 'because' or 'since' to
provide a reason.
7. _____ he loves music so much, he decided to go to a conservatory.

A.Since
B.Though
C.When
D.Although
The subordinating conjunction 'since' can be used as a synonym for 'because' or 'as' to
provide a reason.
[Italian conservatorio home for foundlings, music school, from Latin conservare] : a school
specializing in one of the fine arts a music conservatory.
8. They won't be able to come _____ they have enough money.
A.because
B.even if
C.as long as
Use 'even if' to express that something will or will not be true despite someone meeting a
condition.
9. We waited _____ he finished his homework.
A.although
B.before
C.until
Use the time expression 'until' in a time clause to indicate that something needs / needed to
be completed before something else happened / happens.
10. We will have finished our homework _____ they arrive.

A.by
B.by the time
C.until
Use 'by' with a specific time and 'by the time' with a full clause to indicate a time in the
future by which something will have been completed.
11. They received a high mark on their exam _____ they had studied hard.
A.because
B.as soon as
C.whereas
The subordinating conjunction 'because' can be used as a synonym for 'since' or 'as' to
provide a reason.
12. She ate _____ I had left.
A.until
B.after
C.by the time
Use the past simple together with the past perfect and 'after' to express something that had
been completed before another event.
13. ______ the course was difficult, he passed with the highest marks.
A.Although
B.Because
C.As soon as
Use the subordinating conjunction 'although' to show contrast, or something that is
completed despite difficulties
14. We'll go to Kelly's to celebrate _____ you win.
A.unless
B.if
C.although
Use 'if' as a subordinating conjunction to express a condition for another event to take place.
15. We will finish ______ he arrives.
A.before
B.due to the fact that
C.because
D.since
'Before' can be used as a time expression in future time clauses.
16. I have played tennis ______ I was a young boy.
A.as long as
B.since
C.because
'Since' can be used as a time expression together with the present perfect to mark a beginning
point in time.
17. _____ it was expensive, he bought the car.
A.Despite
B.Even though
C.Whereas
Even though', 'although' and 'though' are similar in meaning and can show unexpected results
18. _____ you need me, I'll be at Tom's.
A.In case
B.As
C.By the time
'In case' can be used in the same sense as 'if' for real conditional sentences.
19. I saw Jack ______ I went to San Francisco.
A.even though
B.the last time
C.as long as
'The last time' can be used as a time expression to refer to the last of a series of events in the
past.
20. ______ she saves a lot, she won't be able to afford that house.
A.Even if
B.Although
C.Because
Use 'even if' to express that something will or will not be true despite someone meeting a
condition.
4.8 Identify whether the sentence is simple,compound, complex or compound-complex:
1.This is a simple sentence.

A.Simple
B.Compound
C.Complex
D.Compound-complex
Q2.I like playing basketball, and my brother likes playing tennis.

A.Simple
B.Compound
C.Complex
D.Compound-complex
Q3.I'll help you if you help me.

A.Simple
B.Compound
C.Complex
D.Compound-complex
Q4. Her name is Sachiko and she comes from Japan.

A.Simple
B.Compound
C.Complex
D.Compound-complex
Q5. My mother cooked dinner while I was doing my homework.

A.Simple
B.Compound
C.Complex
D.Compound-complex
Q6.While I was doing my homework, my father cooked the dinner and my mother was
asleep in front of the television.
A.Simple
B.Compound
C.Complex
D.Compound-complex
Q7.Do you want to go swimming tomorrow, or would you prefer to play tennis?
A.Simple
B.Compound
C.Complex
D.Compound-complex
Q8., I've brought my umbrella with me in case it rains.

A.Simple
B.Compound
C.Complex
D.Compound-complex
Q9. I don't know why he did that.

A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. Compound-complex
Q10. My family came to Germany when I was in grade 5, but I never learned to speak
German very well.
A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. Compound-complex
Q11. I'm so pleased that you can come to my party.
A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. Compound-complex
Q12.He told me that he is returning to London next summer.

A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. Compound-complex
Q13.I have not seen my grandmother since I came to Germany.

A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. Compound-complex
Q14., We were doing a mathematics test when the fire alarm rang yesterday.
A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. Compound-complex
Q15.She runs every day, so she is very fit.

A. Simple,
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. Compound-complex
Q16.Because she runs every day, she is very fit.

A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. Compound-complex
Q17., The new girl in our ESL class has a brother in grade 7 and a sister in grade 9.
A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. Compound-complex
Q18.You should read every day if you want to improve your English more quickly.
A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. Compound-complex
Q19.Although it was cold and the rain was getting heavier, we decided to go fishing as
planned.
A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. Compound-complex
Q20.You should start working a little harder or you are going to fail your test.
A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. Compound-complex
4.94.9 Transform the sentence into simple ,compound or complex:
1. Opening the door, he asked for my permission to come in. (Make it complex)
A. He opened the door and asked for my permission to come in.
B. After opening the door, he asked for my permission to come in.
C. As he opened the door, he asked for my permission to come in.
D. He asked for my permission while opening the door.
Correct Answer: As he opened the door, he asked for my permission to come in.,
Explanation: The first portion of the sentence can be considered as a dependent clause and
the second portion can be considered as an independent clause which makes it a complex
sentence.,
2. He works at night so that he can study at day. (Make it simple)
A. He works at night and studies at day.

B. As he studies at day, so he works at night.
C. As he studies at day, so he works at night.
D. He works at night to study at day.
Correct Answer: He works at night to study at day.,
Explanation: There is not more than one clause in the selected sentence. So it is a simple
sentence.,
3. As her father died, she became helpless. (Make it compound)
A. Her father died and she became helpless.

B. She became helpless when her father died.
C. Her fathers‘ death made her helpless.
D. Her father died, so she became helpless.
Explanation: Although option A and D ,both are Compound sentences, ―so‖ is a more
appropriate coordinating conjunction here than ―and‖.
4. They tried hard to win the match. (Make it complex)
A. They tried hard and they won the match.

B. They tried hard so that they could win the match.
C. They tried so hard to win the match.
D. They tried to win the match by trying hard.
Explanation: There‘s a dependent clause and an independent clause in the selected sentence.
So it is a complex sentence.,
5. He went to the shop, but he didn‘t buy anything. (Make it complex)
A. Although he went to the shop, he didn‘t buy anything.

B. He went to the shop only to return empty-handed.
C. He bought nothing after going to the shop.
D. He went to the shop but bought nothing.
Explanation: There‘s an independent clause and a dependent clause in the selected sentence.
So it is a complex sentence.,
6. We avoided that restaurant because of its bad reputation. (Make it compound)
A. Since that restaurant had a bad reputation, we avoided it.

B. That restaurant had a bad reputation and we avoided it.
C. We had to avoid that restaurant as it had a bad reputation.
D. That restaurant had a bad reputation for which we had to avoid it.
Explanation: Two independent clauses are connected by ‗and‘ in the selected sentence. So it
is a compound sentence.,
7. You have to pay or you cannot leave this place. (Make it simple)
A. You cannot leave this place without paying.

B. If you want to leave this place, then you have to pay.
C. You can leave this place only if you pay.
D. Unless you pay, you cannot leave this place.
Explanation: There‘s not more than one clause in the selected sentence. So it is a simple
sentence.,
8. Despite trying hard, he failed to fulfill the target. (Make it Compound)
A. Although he tried hard, he failed to fulfill the target.

B. He failed to fulfill the target even though he tried hard.
C. In spite of trying hard, he failed to fulfill the target.
D. He tried hard but he failed to fulfill the target.
Explanation: Both the independent clauses are connected by ‗but‘ in the selected sentence.
So it is a compound sentence.,
9. Though she knew what would happen, she did it anyway. (Make it compound)
A. She did it despite knowing what would happen.
B. She knew what would happen as she did it.
C. She knew what would happen but she did it anyway.
D. She did it even though she knew what would happen.
Explanation: Both independent clauses are connected by ‗but‘ in the selected sentence. So it
is a compound sentence.,
10. He is so sick that he cannot speak. (Make it simple)
A. He is too sick to speak.

B. He is sick, so he cannot speak.
C. As he is sick, so he cannot speak.
D. He is sick and he cannot speak.
5.1 Exercise on modal verb for advice

1.You __________ eat more vegetables.
A. would
B. should
2.I __________ buy those shoes if I were you.
A. should
B. would
3.She __________ pay attention in class.
A. would
B. should
4.If I were you, I __________ take a different course.
A. would
B. should
5.I __________ wear those pants if I were her.
A. shouldn't
B. wouldn't
6.How _________ make the cake?
A. should I
B. I should
7. I can‘t decide. __________
A. What would you do?
B. What would I do?
8. That was a mistake. You __________
A. shouldn't have done that.
B. wouldn't have done that.
9. I returned the shoes for a refund. What __________?
A. would you have done
B. should you have done
10. What __________ if you had been me?
A. would you have done
B. should you have done
5.2 Modal verbs of Ability
1. 1.8 years ago, I __________ play the piano.
A. can
B. could
C. will be able to
2. In 3 years, I __________ drive.
A. will be able to
B. can
C. could
3. __________ you hear the music right now?
A. Can
B. Could
C. Could not
4. The music teacher ___________ play the piano very well. She plays every class.
A. can
B. will be able to
C. could
5. When I was a child, I ___________ run faster than I can run now.
A. could
B. can
C. will be able to
6. After taking classes, I ___________ speak English very well.
A. will be able to
B. can
7. My brother ___________ drive a car. He does not have his license.
A. couldn't
B. could
C. can
D. can't
8. She has to work tomorrow, so she ___________ come to the party.
A. can
B. wasn't able to
C. won't be able to
D. could
9. He ___________ come to class yesterday because he had a doctor‘s appointment.
A. can
B. can't
C. could
D. couldn't
10. ___________ with us tomorrow?
A. She can meet
B. She can meets
C. Can she meets
D. Can she meet
5.3 Modal verbs of probability
1. Why is that man looking around like that? He must be lost.
2. That woman can‘t be a doctor! She looks far too young.
3. John always fails the tests, even though he‘s clever. He can‘t study enough.
4. The food is really good at that restaurant. They must have a great chef.
5. Who‘s that at the door? It can‘t be Susie – she‘ll still be at work now.
6. This must be John‘s house. This house has a red door, and it‘s number 24, just like he
said.
7. Julie can‘t have much money, or she would buy a new car. Her old one is falling apart.
8. He can‘t be at work now, can he? It‘s nearly midnight.
9. What a lot of lovely flowers you have! You must really like gardening.
10. David must drink a lot of coffee. He‘s finished two packets already this week!
11. This can‘t be Jamie‘s coat. He‘s very tall, and this is tiny.
12. Her life can‘t be easy. She has four children and very little money.
13. Where‘s Lucy? She must be at the library, as she often goes there at this time.
14. This bill can‘t be right! £50 for two cups of coffee!
15. Emma‘s amazingly good at the piano. She must practise a lot.
16. The car in front is driving so slowly that I think they must be looking for something.
17. You‘ve already eaten enough for three people! You can‘t still be hungry!
18. This book must belong to the library. It‘s certainly not mine.
19. It only takes three hours to fly from London to Sydney? That can‘t be correct!
20. There must be something wrong with the fridge! It‘s making a very unusual noise.
5.4 Modal verbs of Obligation

1.(Parent to child) You _____ do your homework before watching television.
A. must
B. can
C. could
2.I'll _____ wear the black dress tonight. The invitation said formal clothes.
A. can
B. have to
C. mustn't
3.You _____ rent a car without a credit card.

A. don't have to
B. mustn't
C. can't
4.I _____ forget to take my library books back on the way home.
A. mustn't
B. don't have to
C. have to
5.In the UK you can leave a tip in the pub if you want, but you _____.
A. mustn't
B. couldn't
C. don't have to
6.(Notice on a train) Quiet carriage. Passengers _____ play music or talk on the phone in this
part of the train.
A. can't
B. must not
C. don't have to
7.You _____ be a member to buy a ticket. It's open to everyone.

A. have to
B. don't have to
C. Can
D. Must not
8.You _____ park your car here for a maximum of 30 minutes.

A. have to
B. don't have to
C. Can
9.I did this yesterday – I can help you! You _____ fill in the form and attach an up-to-date
passport photo.
A. must
B. have to
C. Can
10.You _____ memorise the whole thing. Just try to remember the key points.
A. have to
B. mustn't
C. don't have to
5.5Modals of Possibility
Use must or can‘t
1. Why is that man looking around like that? He ____must____be lost.
2. That woman ____can‘t____be a doctor! She looks far too young.
3. John always fails the tests, even though he's clever. He __can‘t_________
study enough.
4. Who's that at the door? It ___can‘t____be Susie - she'll still be at work now.
5. Julie ___can‘t____have much money or she would buy a new car. Her old one is falling
apart.
5.6 Choose the most appropriate answer to express possibility that is NOT very strong.
1.She _________ have to sell her car and other belongings to pay her debts.
A. will
B. will probably
C. might
D. Would
2.Where is Anna? – I don't know. She ________be at the swimming pool or in the park.
A. could
B. should
C. must
D. has to
3.How did the robbers get in? – We don't know yet. The old woman _______to lock the
door.
A. might forget
B. could forget
C. might have forgotten
D. must have forgotten
4.I called her but there was no answer. She ________left for New York already.
A. may have
B. must have
C. should have
D. has probably
5.When can I see him? ____________ come back before six today?
A. May he
B. Might he
C. Would he
D. Is he likely to
5.7 Modal verbs of Permission
Choose the most appropriate answer for expressing the idea specified in parentheses.
1._____ I speak to Mr. Smith, please? (Formal polite request)
A. Can
B. May
C. Would
D. Would you mind if
2._______you open the window? It's hot in here. (Polite request)
A. Could
B. May
C. Can
D. Wouldn't
3.___________ buying two loaves of bread on your way home? (Polite request)
A. Could you
B. Will you
C. Would you
D. Would you mind
4.Would you mind if I _________your dictionary for an hour or so? (Polite request)
A. borrowed
B. will borrow
C. would borrow
5.Would you mind if I _______ come to your party? (Asking for permission)
A. didn't
B. won't
C. wouldn't
6.Would you mind __________ here? I have a headache. (Polite request)
A. not to smoke
B. not smoke
C. no smoking
D. not smoking
7.Betty,________ help me with this grammar exercise, please? (Informal request)
A. can you
B. can't you
C. won't you
D. do you mind
8. Could I stay here for a while? – Yes, you ______ . (Permission given)
A. could
B. can
C. will
D. must
9.Could I use your cell phone, please? – Sorry, you ________ . (Permission not given)
A. can't
B. couldn't
C. mustn't
D. won't
10. _____ go to the party? I'm really tired.
A. Do we have to
B. Can we
C. Can't we
Errors in punctuation
5.8. Punctuate the following sentences.
a) i like playing with my friends sandy sunny sameer
Ans. I like playing with my friends-Sandy, Sunny and Sameer.
b) we went through the smoky mountains, near shimla on our way to leh
Ans. We went through the smoky mountains near Shimla, on our way to Leh.
c) my favourite soap is pears and my favourite toothpaste is pepsodent
Ans. My favourite soap is Pears and my favourite toothpaste is Pepsodent.
d) i‘m a catholic and that‘s why i go to st.joseph‘s school
Ans. I'm a Catholic and that's why I go to St. Joseph's School.
e) my friend priya speaks german and she is teaching me some words
Ans. My friend, Priya speaks German and she is teaching me some words.
f) he was honest sincere hard working
Ans. He was honest, sincere and hard working.
g) hindus muslims sikhs christians live together in India
Ans. Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs and Christians live together in India.
h) long ago in a town in Switzerland there lived a famous man called william
Ans. Long ago, in a town in Switzerland, there lived a famous man called William.
i) akbar the greatest of the mughal emperors ruled wisely
Ans. Akbar, the greatest of the Mughal emperors, ruled wisely.
j) tanya said to ila rahul is a nice guy
Ans. Tanya said to Ila, "Rahul is a nice guy."
5.9 True or False

1. This sentence is correct: Jupiter's moons are very small.
The answer is: A. True. The 's' on Jupiter shows it owns the moons so it needs an apostrophe.
The 's' on moons shows there is more than one moon, so there's no need for an apostrophe
here.
2. This sentence is correct: The sun's hot today. The answer is: A. True. This is an informal
way of writing - 'The sun is hot today'.
3. ‗Phone is an informal way of writing telephone The answer is: A. True. ‗Phone is an
informal way of writing telephone. The apostrophe shows that some letters have been missed
out.
4. I'd have liked that is an informal way of writing I could have liked that. The answer is: B.
False. 'I'd have liked that' is an informal way of writing 'I would have liked that'.
5. This sentence is correct: The books' spines were split. The answer is: A. True. There is
more than one book, so the apostrophe goes after the s - books'.
6. This sentence is correct: You're tea is getting cold. The answer is: B. False. The correct
sentence is - 'Your tea is getting cold'. You're is an informal way of saying you are.
7. We've is an informal way of saying we have. The answer is: A. True. We've is an informal
way of saying we have. You use the apostrophe to show where the letters have been missed
out.
8. This sentence is correct: I got married in '69 in my sister's dress. The answer is: A. True.
'69 is an informal way of writing the date 1969, it shows where the numbers are missing.
Sister's is correct.
9. Won't is an informal way of writing would not. The answer is: B. False. Won't is an
informal way of writing will not. If you want to write 'would not' informally you need to
write 'wouldn't'.
10. You could've is an informal way of writing You could have. The answer is: A. True. The
apostrophe shows that the letters 'ha..' have been missed out.
5.10 Exercise based on commas
1. Which of these sentences has the right number of commas, with each comma in the right
place?
A) Last month I drove to London, Bristol, Leeds and Cardiff.
B) Last month I drove to London, Bristol Leeds and Cardiff.
C) Last month I drove to London Bristol Leeds, and Cardiff.
D) Last month I drove to London Bristol, Leeds, and Cardiff.
place?
A) My friend who retires this year wants to live in Spain, or France.
B) My friend, who retires this year, wants to live in Spain or France.
C) My friend who retires this year wants to live, in Spain, or France.
D) My friend, who retires this year, wants to live, in Spain or France.
place?
A) Jim, Sue, and Phil, my oldest kids, have all got blonde hair.
B) Jim Sue, and Phil my oldest kids, have all got blonde hair.
C) Jim, Sue and Phil, my oldest kids, have all got blonde hair.
D) Jim Sue and Phil, my oldest kids, have all got blonde hair.
place?
A) Andy and I go fishing every week, as long as it's not raining.
B) Andy, and I, go fishing every week as long as it's not raining.
C) Andy and I go fishing, every week, as long as it's not raining.
D) Andy and I go fishing every week as long as it's not raining.
place?
A) My Dad, his Dad, and all his brothers have always lived in Dover.
B) My Dad his Dad, and all his brothers, have always lived in Dover.
C) My Dad, his Dad and all his brothers, have always lived in Dover.
D) My Dad, his Dad and all his brothers have always lived in Dover.
place?
A) I don't drink tea coffee or other drinks, such as cola, that contain caffeine.
B) I don't drink tea coffee or other drinks such as cola, that contain caffeine.
C) I don't drink tea coffee or other drinks such as cola that contain caffeine.
D) I don't drink tea, coffee or other drinks, such as cola, that contain caffeine.
place?
A) Cars, buses, and vans, need a tax disc.
B) Cars, buses and vans need a tax disc.
C) Cars, buses, and vans need a tax disc.
D) Cars buses and vans need a tax disc.
place?
A) The wallpaper, which was green, red and black, was peeling off the walls.
B) The wallpaper, which was green red and black, was peeling off the walls.
C) The wallpaper which was green, red and black was peeling off the walls.
D) The wallpaper which was green, red and black, was peeling off the walls.
place?
A) France, Germany Belgium and Denmark are all members of the EU.
B) France Germany Belgium, and Denmark are all members of the EU.
C) France Germany Belgium, and Denmark, are all members of the EU.
D) France, Germany, Belgium and Denmark are all members of the EU.
place?
A) Jo, and Jim, the gardeners were sitting in the shed.
B) Jo and Jim the gardeners were sitting, in the shed.
C) Jo and Jim, the gardeners, were sitting in the shed.
D) Jo, and Jim the gardeners were sitting in the shed.
5.11 Fill in the blanks using the correct option :
1. B
The comma separates a phrase.
2. C
A period or an exclamation mark is used to end an imperative sentence, that is, at the end of
a direction or a command.
3. B
A period is used to end an indirect question. An indirect question is always a part of a
declarative sentence and it does not require an answer.
4. C
A question mark is used to end an interrogative sentence, that is, at the end of a direct
question which requires an answer.
5. A
Use a comma to separate phrases.
6. A
Possessive pronouns ending in ‗s‘ take an apostrophe before the ‗s‘: one‘s; everyone‘s;
somebody‘s, nobody else‘s, etc.
7. A
Titles of short stories are enclosed in quotation
marks.
8. C
No additional punctuation is required here.
9. B
Here the word ―sale‖ is used as a ―word‖ and not as a word in the sentence, so quotation
marks are used.
10. C
Titles of short stories are enclosed in quotation marks, and commas always go
inside quotation marks. Use an exclamation mark to end an exclamatory sentence, that is, at
the end of a statement showing strong emotion.
11. A
Use an exclamation mark after an imperative sentence if the command is urgent and forceful.
12. D
Use an exclamation mark after an imperative sentence if the command is urgent and forceful.
5.12 Place proper punctuation marks where required:

1."Opposition is misleading farmers, shooting from their shoulders. They also wanted these
reforms but they couldn't when they were in power. But now that we have managed to do it,
they are misleading farmers," Prime Minister Modi said.
2. ―Farmers are told that their land will be grabbed by others if new farm reforms get
implemented. I want to ask you, did the dairy owner take your cattle because you are selling
milk to him? The government is always committed to farmer welfare and we will keep
assuring the farmers and addressing their concerns‖ PM Modi said.
3. The government said that it was willing to continue talks but won‘t take back the laws. ―A
repeal is not possible, and a 0-1 binary will not work. The government has given an
amendment option. It is also willing to change the wordings of the three laws based on
farmer concerns,‖ said a top government source who is in the know of developments in
Krishi Bhawan.
Unit 6
Idioms
6.1 Give the intended meaning of the following idioms:
1.To cry wolf
A.To refer to
B.To emphasize
C.To have no result
D.To give false alarm
2.At daggers drawn
A.real cause
B.to be puzzled
C.at enmity
D.at friendship
3.Lean and mean
A.To destroy something

B.To create something
C.Using only what is necessary
D.Not afraid dangerous situations
4.A cock and bull story
A.Interesting story
B.A detective story
C.An absurd tale
D.A relevant story
5.A bone of contention
A.Bone of lion
B.A reason for discord
C.Cause of friendship
D.Continued to bed
6.A turn coat
A.One who changes one's opinion or party

B.A wet coat
C.A poor man
D.Man of principal
7.A man of straw
A.A puppet
B.Influential
C.One who has no influence
D.To struggle in vain
8.In cold blood
A.in full operation

B.unintentionally
C.deliberately
D.aimlessly
9.Baker's Dozen
A.Twelve
B.Ten
C.Thirteen
D.Fifteen
10. All and Sundry
A.Everybody without distinction

B.only rich person
C.together
D.selected people
Proverbs
6.5 Test your knowledge of proverbs with the following quiz. What you need to do is to
complete the proverb using a suggested answer.
1. Spots
2. Lining
3. Meat
4. Breeds
5. Leap
6. Mouth
7. Throw
8. Cake
9. Do
10. canoe
11. Reap
12. Jack
13. Tools
14. Milk
15. Dreads
6.6 Give the meaning of the following proverbs:

1.Do not cast your pearls before swine.
A. Do not give a precious thing to someone who cannot value it.
B. Plans must not be altered at the wrong time.
C. It is what we do that matters and not just what we say.
D. Family ties are stronger than other relationships.
2.The darkest hour is that before the dawn.
A. One's actions whether good or bad determine one's rewards or punishments.

B. What pleases the sight varies from one person to another.
C. It is preferable to be cautious than be rash and get into trouble.
D. When things seem at their worst, they may just begin to improve.
3.The die is cast.
A. Once a decision has been made, it cannot be reversed.

B. People with similar interests and tastes tend to group.
C. Plans must not be altered at the wrong time.
D. Provide help first to one's family members and then to others.
4.The best fish swim near the bottom.
A. The finest things are hard to get.

B. There are often early indications of future happenings.
C. Everything that is attractive on the outside may not be really valuable inside.
D. Nothing can go on forever as all things change.
5. A bad workman always blames his tools.
A. Things we already have are more valuable than what we hope to get
B. This proverb is used when someone blames the quality of their equipment or other
external factors when they perform a task poorly.
C. One weak part will render the whole weak.
D. Actions are a better reflection of one‘s character because it‘s easy to say things, but
difficult to act on them and follow through.
6. An ounce of protection is worth a pound of cure.
A. A little precaution before a crisis hits is better than lot of firefighting afterwards.
B. It is easier to show or explain something through a picture than through words.
C.
Outward appearance may not be what you believe them to be.
D.
Get out of your comfort zone to grow and fulfill your potential.
7. A rolling stone gathers no moss.
A. Your actions – good or bad – determine what you get.
B. A good beginning makes it easier to accomplish the rest of the project.
C. A person who is always changing jobs and places has the advantage of less
responsibilities, but also the disadvantage of no fixed place to live.
D.
It‘s better to deal with problems immediately rather than wait by when they worsen
and become much bigger.
8. Cross the stream where it is shallowest.
A. It is better to remain active than to be idle
B. To do things in the easiest possible way.
C. A person‘s character can‘t be judged by his/ her clothing and outward appearance.
D. Cowards suffer the feared effects of death many times over in their lives.
9. Curses, like chickens, come home to roost.
A. Don‘t take more responsibility than you can handle.
B. Don‘t act badly toward the person who has helped you or from whom you derive
some benefits, for you may lose those benefits in future.
C. The consequences of doing wrong always catch up with the wrongdoer.
D. You should avoid proudly talking of your achievements and success in front of
others.
10. Don‘t throw the baby with the bathwater.
A. Do things in proper order.
B. Be resilient and try despite failures. That‘s how you succeed.
C. If things don‘t turn the way you want them to, then adjust your way to suit those
things.
D. Don‘t discard something valuable while getting rid of something worthless.
6.7 Fill in the blanks completing the correct idiom.
1.An Englishman's home is his _____.
A.church
B. house
C. out doors
D. castle
E. bank
2."False friends are _____."

A. as clear as day
B. out of mind
C. better than riches
D.worse than open enemies
E. good to be true
3.After the long school holidays, Mrs. Hay went to talk to Betty's teacher. "Betty is glad that
school has started", she said. "She is as _____.
A. hungry as a wolf
B. busy as a bee
C.as happy as a lark
D. as slow as a tortoise
E. as clever as an owl
4.So _____ so done.

A. thought
B. done
C. had
D. said
5. An hour in the morning _____.

A. as near as today and tomorrow
B. is better than richness
C. has wings
D. is worth two in the evening
6.The last drop makes _____.
A. both ends meet
B. the cat out of the bag
C. a horse laugh
D. the cup run over
E. a cat laugh
7.The road to hell is...
A) paved with good intentions
B) the realm of the devil
C) riddled with fire
8.There is no fool...
A)who does not think he is a wise man
B)like an old fool
C)who favours silence

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UNIT I

Tutorial Answer Key

1.1 Choose the correct option:

1.2 Select the correct plural.

1.4 Choose the correct option:

1.5 Choose the correct option:

i) Pronouns which point out the person or thing referred to.

1.6 Choose the correct option:

1.7 Rewrite each sentence to correct the faulty pronoun reference.

1.8 Rewrite the passage to correct the faulty pronoun reference.

1.9 Identify the verb on bold:

i) The mail arrived after I left.

i) Pick out the FINITE verb

i) My son likes (finite) to watch (non-finite) TV for hours on end.

1.12 Choose the correct option:

i) Tokyo is a big city. Here big is an ………………….

1.13 Fill in the blanks with suitable interrogative adjectives.

i) __________ house did you buy? WHICH

1.15 Choose the correct adjective order:

i) Which is the usual order of adjectives?

1.16 Fill in the gaps:

Positive Comparative Superlative

1.17 Choose the correct option:

i) Which of these is not a type of degree of comparison?

1.19 Choose the correct order of adverbs:

i) Which sentence is more appropriate?

1.20 Choose the correct adverb:

1.21 Choose the correct option:

i) The main job of a conjunction is to _____ two parts of a sentence.

1.22 Choose the correct conjunction:

i) I was ill .......................... I didn't go to work.

i) You need to work harder; ________________, you'll get fired.

1.24 Choose the correct preposition:

1.26 Choose the correct options:

i) An interjection is a part-of-speech that directly expresses

1.27 Choose the most suitable interjection to complete the sentences.

i) _________I hear someone whispering my name.

Please find examples of:

Unit-2 Articles, Determiners and Quantifiers

Q1 Choose the correct option and fill in the blanks:

Choose the correct option and fill in the blanks:

Choose the correct option and fill in the blanks:

Choose the correct option and fill in the blanks:

Choose the correct option and fill in the blanks:

Choose the correct option and fill in the blanks:

8. _________ Buckingham Palace is where __________ Queen of England officially lives.

Choose the correct option and fill in the blanks:

9.She bought_______ expensive necklace at ________ Harrods.

Choose the correct option and fill in the blanks:

10. They went for______ stroll around _______ St James' Park.

Choose the correct option and fill in the blanks:

Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentence:

Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentence:

Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentence:

Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentence:

Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentence:

Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentence:

Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentence:

8. _ Buckingham Palace is where __ Queen of England officially lives.

9.She bought_ expensive necklace at __ Harrods.

10. They went for stroll around _ St James' Park.