MODAL VERBS

1. SUMMARY FUNCTIONS OF MODAL VERBS

II. MODAL VERBS + HAVE + PP:
 needn’t + have + PP (không cần)  1 hành động không cần thiết nhưng đã xảy ra.
 couldn’t + have + PP (không thể)  1 khả năng không thể xảy ra trong quả khứ
 should + have + PP (lẽ ra nên)  diễn tả sự hối tiếc vì đã không làm 1 việc gì trong quá khứ
 must + have + PP (ắt hẳn/chắc là đã)  suy diễn 1 sự việc trong quá khứ với bằng chứng cụ thể
 may / might/could + have + PP( có thể đã) suy đoán 1 sự việc có khả năng xảy ra trong quá khứ.
III. CÁC CỤM TỪ TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG MODAL VERBS
1 I’m sure /certain + SV hiện tại, khẳng định S + must + Vo
+ SV httd S + must + be + Ving
+ SV qk S + must + have + PP
2 I’m sure /certain + SV hiện tại, phủ định S + can’t + Vo
+ SV httd phủ định S + can’t + be + Ving
+ SV qk phủ định S + can’t + have + PP
3 Perhaps/ Maybe/ + SV hiện tại, phủ định S + may/might + Vo
Probably/ + SV httd phủ định S + may/might + be + Ving
It is possible + SV qk phủ định S + may/might + have + PP
4 S +be + likely + to …? S + may + Vo (be: HT)
It + be+ likely + that + S + will …? S + may + have + PP (be: QK)
S + will/would + probably + Vo
Would you like me to …? Shall I ..?
It + Be + adj + necessary + for O + to inf/ SV. S + need + Vo (be: HT)
S + need + have + PP (be: QK)
It + Be + adj + unnecessary + for O + to inf/ SV. S + need n’t/don’t have+ Vo (be:
HT)
S + need + have + PP (be: QK)
Not be allowed mustn’t
It would be a good idea + SV S + should + Vo (hiện tại)
S + should have + PP (quá khứ)
It be a mistake/ wrong + SV S + shouldn’t + Vo (hiện tại)
S + shouldn’t have + PP (quá khứ)
S + regret (+/- not) + Ving S + should(-/+ not ) + have + PP

EXERCISES 1. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION:

1. We knew we had to arrive by nine. NECESSARY
 We knew that .................................................... by nine.
2. They weren't allowed to stay out late when they lived with their parents. LET
Their parents .................................................... stay out late when they lived at home.
3. Because of the snow, we weren't allowed to take the mountain road. LET
Because of the snow, the police .................................................... the mountain road.
4. It was careless of him to go without checking the times. OUGHT
He .................................................... the times before going.
5. It was very bad of you to use my mobile without asking my permission. OUGHT
You .................................................... before you used my mobile.
6. "Is Andy accustomed to the climate yet?" USED
"Has Andy .................................................... yet?"
7. Dave prefers eating sandwiches to a proper meal. RATHER
Dave .................................................... than a proper meal.
8. I prefer to arrive an hour early. RATHER
I .................................................... an hour early.
9. I’m sure he’s not Michael Jackson. He died a few years ago! BE
He .................................................... because he died a few years ago.
10. It’s possible that in the sales cameras will be cheap enough for me to afford one. ABLE
I .................................................... a camera in the sales if they are cheap enough.
11. I think Sarah isn’t very ill, because I saw her shopping this morning. BE
Sarah .................................................... because I saw her shopping this morning.
12. Perhaps Filip is from the Czech Republic – he speaks Czech very well. COULD
Filip .................................................... the Czech Republic because his Czech is very good.
13. He is so rich that I am sure he is always happy. MUST
He is so rich that ....................................................happy.
14. He looks so pale that I’m sure he has seen a ghost. MUST
He .................................................... ghost because now he looks very pale.
15. I think Alice worked at a hotel last summer, but I’m not sure. MIGHT
Alice....................................................at a hotel last summer.
16. Jana speaks excellent Finnish so I’m sure she’s lived in Finland at some point. HAVE
Jana ............................................ Finland at some point because she speaks excellent Finnish.
17. Adam is so loud now that I’m sure he wasn’t a quiet child! BEEN
Adam .................................................... a quiet child because he’s so loud now.
18. She is so scared of dogs, that maybe a dog bit her when she was little. BITTEN
She is so scared of dogs that she .................................................... a dog when she was little.
19. I know he wasn’t in London on Saturday because I saw him in Newcastle. HAVE
He .................................................... in London on Saturday because I saw him in Newcastle.
20. She was so happy on Monday morning that I’m sure she had a good weekend. HAD
She was so happy on Monday morning that .................................................... a good weekend.
21. I think Will’s tired because he didn’t sleep much yesterday. COULD
Will .................................................... because he didn’t sleep much yesterday.
22. She was probably in a hurry because she forgot to buy a birthday present for her friend. MIGHT
She forgot to buy a birthday present for her friend and that ............................she was in a hurry.
23. We have bought more food than was necessary for the party. NEED
We ....................................................so much food for the party.
24. Perhaps they rented the flat.  MAY
They .................................................... the flat.
25. I don’t think the Rogers have been living here long.  BEEN
The Rogers .................................................... here long.
26. It’s prohibited to take dogs into the restaurant.  NOT
You ....................................................into the restaurant.
27. It wasn’t necessary for Jim to accept the offer.  HAVE
Jim .................................................... the offer.
28. It isn’t necessary to dust the furniture. I’ll do it later.  NEED
You .................................................... the furniture. I’ll do it later.
29. Perhaps they had left before you called.  HAVE
They ....................................................before you called.
30. I’m sure Alan wasn’t driving carelessly.  BEEN
Alan .................................................... carelessly.
31. I’m sure she is considering your offer.  BE
She .................................................... your offer.
32. It isn’t necessary to cut the grass. It’s still quite short.  HAVE
You .................................................... the grass. It’s quite short
33. Why don’t you go to Canada for a holiday?  COULD
You .................................................... for a holiday.
34. Shall I get you a cup of tea?  ME
Would .................................................... you a cup of tea?
35. Sue will probably go to see her aunt.  IS
Sue .................................................... to see her aunt.
36. It would be a good idea to change your hairstyle. BETTER
You .................................................... your hairstyle.
37. Why didn’t anybody warn me about the strike?  HAVE
You  .................................................... about the strike.
38. Let’s go to the cinema.  GOING
What  .................................................... the cinema.
39. May I read your newspaper?  MIND
Would .................................................... your newspaper?
40. She is likely to fail her exams.  THAT
It is  .................................................... her exams.
41. I’m sure he didn’t send you this letter.  SENT
He .................................................... this letter.
42. I’m sure he is seeing Ruth.  BE
He ....................................................  Ruth.
EXERCISES 2. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.
Question 1: All students______wear uniforms at school because it is a rule.
A. should B. have to C. ought to D. must
Question 2: You______finish your homework before you go to bed.
A. must B. have to C. should D. ought to
Question 3: This drink isn't beneficial for health. You______drink it too much.
A. should B. ought to not C. ought not to D. mustn't
Question 4: This warning sign indicates that you______step on the grass.
A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. don't have to D. ought not to
Question 5: I think you______do exercise regularly in order to keep your body in good shape.
A. must B. should C. ought to D. Both B and C
Question 6: I will lend you some money, but you______pay it back to me next week.
A. should B. have to C. must D. mustn't
Question 7: Hoa______feed the cats because her mother has done it already.
A. has to B. doesn't have to C. must D. Both A and C
Question 8: Those audiences______show their tickets before entering the concert hall.
A. have to B. must C. ought to D. don't have to
Question 9: The children______spend too much time playing computer games.
A. mustn't B. ought to not C. shouldn't D. Both B and C
Question 10: In case you're suffered from the injury, you______see the doctor today.
A. had better B. must C. ought D. have better
Question 11: Water park is free for kids under 6 years old, so you______pay money for your son.
A. have to B. mustn't C. can't D. don't have to
Question 12: You look totally exhausted. You______take a rest instead of working overtime.
A. should B. ought C. must D. has better
Question 13: Anyone______have a passport, even a visa when travelling all around the world.
A. ought to B. must C. should D. has to
Question 14: In the peak season, travellers______book their accommodation in advance.
A. have to B. must C. should D. ought
Question 15: My car broke down yesterday, so I______catch a taxi to the office.
A. have to B. had better C. had to D. has to
Question 16: We______eat as much fruit as possible in order to get enough vitamins for our bodies.
A. had better B. should C. ought to D. All are correct
Question 17: You______tell anyone what I've revealed to you. It's still a secret.
A. mustn't B. had better not C. ought not to D. don't have to
Question 18: If you still want to maintain this relationship, you______behave improperly like that.
A. ought to not B. ought not to C. mustn't D. don't have to
Question 19: When playing or swimming in the pool, children ______ be
accompanied by their parents.
A. should B. must C. don't have to D. have to
Question 20: We______go to work by car. Sky train is a wise choice during rush hour.
A. ought to B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. have to
Question 21: He______anything because he's driving.
A. didn't have to drinkB. mightn't drink
C. shouldn't drink D. can’t drink
Question 22: - “Are you coming to Jeffs party?” - “I’m not sure. I______go to the concert instead.”
A. must B. would C. should D. may
Question 23: Although nobody can prevent you from spending your own money, you______save for a rainy day.
A. would better B. better C. had better D. would rather
Question 24: “Will you stay for lunch?” - “Sorry, I______. My brother is coming to see me.”
A. must B. can’t C. needn’t D. won’t
Question 25: There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You______come, but why didn’t you?
A. must have B. should C. need have D. should have
Question 26: You______17 to get a driving license in the UK.
A. needn't be B. should be C. have to be D. ought to be
Question 27: The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone______get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
Question 28: Jack______yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me
A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. need not have arrived
Question 29: Johnny, you______play with the knife, you______hurt yourself.
A. won’t / can’t B. mustn’t/ may C. shouldn’t/must D. can’t/ shouldn’t
Question 30: When he was there, he______go to that coffee shop at the comer after work every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
Question 31: Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she______something she would regret
later.
A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
Question 32: Sir, you______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. oughtn’t to B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
Question 33: You______come if you are tired.
A. mustn't B. can't C. don't have to D. may not
Question 34: “Mary looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident?” - “Yes, but I______her.”
A. shouldn't have told B. mustn't have told
C. must have told D. should have told
Question 35: - “Shall I tell John about it?” - “No, you______. I’ve told him already.”
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
Question 36: - “Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.” -“______. “
A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t
Question 37: I told Sally how to get here, but I______for her.
A. have to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
Question 38:______it rain tomorrow, we will put off the visit to the Marble Mountains.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
Question 39: You______type these documents now. It’s not urgent.
A. can't B. needn’t C. mustn't D. may not
Question 40: Peter______come with us tonight, but I’m not sure.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
Question 41: You______touch electrical wires with wet hands.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. don't have to D. aren't allowed to
Question 42: We______last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study
C. should have studied D. would study
Question 43: A computer______think for itself; it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. must D. will
Question 44: Jane______have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
Question 45: "Nancy brought some food for the party." "She______, we have plenty."
A. needn't have brought B. doesn't have to
C. didn't need to D. needn't
Question 46: I didn't hear the phone. I______asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
Question 47: Mother______us stories when we were young.
A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling
Question 48: You______return the book now. You can keep it till next week.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not
Question 49: What Jim says______true but I very much doubt it.
A. should be B. will be C. must be D. may be
Question 50: There was plenty of time. She______.
A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried
C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried
Question 51: - "Must we do it now?" -"No, you______.”
A. won't B. needn't C. can't D. don't
Question 52: -Hurry up! Tom______for us at the school gate.
A. must wait B. must be waiting C. must be waited D. must have been waited
Question 53: - "I think Jane is at home." - "No, she______be at home, for she phoned
me from the airport just ten minutes ago."
A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. daren't
Question 54: There are so many types here, and I really don't know which one I
______choose.
A. should B. can C. mayD. must
Question 55: I ______ play basketball than football.
A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer