10

Mathematics
Quarter I - Module 2:
Illustrating an Arithmetic
Sequence
Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter I – Module 2: Illustrating an Arithmetic Sequence
First Edition, 2019

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module

Writer’s Name: Evelyn N. Ballatong

Editor’s Name: Heather G. Banagui
Reviewers’ Name: Bryan A. Hidalgo, Laila B. Kiw-isen, Jim D. Alberto, and Selalyn B.
Maguilao
Management Team:
May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO V, Regional Director
Benedicta B. Gamatero, ASDS, OIC-SDO Ifugao
Carmel F. Meris, CES-CLMD
Marciana M. Aydinan, PhD, Chief- CID, SDO Ifugao
Ethielyn E. Taqued, RO EPS/LRMDS Manager
Edgar H. Madlaing, RO EPS for AP/ADM Focal Person
Lydia I. Belingon, Division EPS-Math/ADM Focal Person

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Office Address: Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet

Telefax: (074) 422-4074
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 10

Mathematics
Quarter 1 - Module 2
Illustrating an Arithmetic Sequence
M10AL – Ib – 1 and M10AL-If-2
Introductory Message
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators from both public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social and economic constraints
in schooling.

For the facilitator:

This module deals with the second learning competency in our Mathematics
10 curriculum standards; hence mastery of the skills is significant to have a
smooth progress in the succeeding lessons. This learning material also
designed to equip the students with essential knowledge about defining and
illustrating arithmetic sequences. With this, please be patient and encourage
the learner to complete this module.

For the learner:

This module deals with the second learning competency in our Mathematics
10 curriculum standards; hence mastery of the skills is significant for you to
have a smooth progress in the succeeding lessons. This learning material
serves as a bridge from the previous lesson to the next lesson. By doing the
prepared activities, it is expected from you to define and illustrate arithmetic
sequence. Please read completely the written texts and follow the instructions
carefully so that you will be able to get the most of this learning material. We
hope that you will enjoy learning.
Here is a guide on the parts of the learning modules which you need to
understand as you progress in reading and analyzing its content.

ICON LABEL DETAIL

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills
or competencies you are expected to
learn in the module.

This part includes an activity that

aims to check what you already know
What I Know about the lesson to take. If you get all
the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.

This is a brief drill or review to help

What’s In you link the current lesson with the
previous one.
 In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways
What’s New such as a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a
situation.
This section provides a brief
discussion of the lesson. This aims to
What Is It help you discover and understand
new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for

independent practice to solidify your
understanding and skills of the topic.
What’s More
You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
sentence/ paragraph to be filed in to
What I have Learned
process what you learned from the
lesson.

This section provides an activity

which will help you transfer your new
What I Can Do knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate

Assessment your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.

In this portion, another activity will be

given to you to enrich your knowledge
Additional Activities or skill of the lesson learned. This also
tends retention of learned concepts.

This contains answers to all activities

Answer Key
in the module.

At the end of this module, you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that though this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
define and illustrate an arithmetic sequence. The scope of this module permits
it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course but the pacing in which you
read and answer this module is dependent on your ability.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define an arithmetic sequence,

2. illustrate an arithmetic sequence and
3. solves problems involving arithmetic sequence.

What I Know

Find out how much you already know about the topics in this module. Choose
the letter of the best answer. Take note of the items that you were not able to
answer correctly and find the right answer as you go through this module.
Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is a correct description of an arithmetic sequence?

a. A term is obtained by multiplying a constant number from the
preceding term.
b. A term is obtained by squaring the preceding term.
c. A term is obtained by adding a constant number to the preceding
term.
d. A term is obtained by extracting the square root of the preceding
term.

2. Which of the following is the common difference of the arithmetic sequence

4, 7, 10, 13, …?
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3

3. What is the common difference in the sequence: -4, 3, 10, 17,, …?

a. 1 b. -7 c. 7 d. -1
4. Which of the following is the missing term of the arithmetic sequence,
-1, -7, _____, -19, -25, …?
a. -10 b. -11 c. -12 d. -13
5. Which of the following of the common difference of the arithmetic
sequence -1, -8, -15, -22, …?
a. -5, b. -6 c. -7 d. -8

6. Which of the following is the common difference in the arithmetic

sequence: 1 , 1, 1 1 , 2, …?
2 2
1 3 5 1
a. b. c. d.
4 4 2 2

7. Which of the following is an arithmetic sequence?

a. -7, 4, 15,26,. . . c. 21, 15, 9, 2, . . .
b. -8, -6, -4, 0, … d. 4, -1, -7, -13, . . .

8. Which of the following is the common difference of an arithmetic sequence

whose 𝑎2 = 1, 𝑎5 = 7?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

9. Which of the following is the common difference of the arithmetic sequence

3a -1, 3a, 3a + 1, … ?
a. -a b. a c. -1 d. 1

10. Which of the following is the first positive term of the arithmetic
sequence -8, -6, -4, …?
a. 0 b.2 c.4 d. 6

11. Which of the following is the value of a to make 3a +1, 4a, 6a + 1, … an

arithmetic sequence?
a. -2 b. -1 c. 0 d. 1

12. Which of the following is not an arithmetic sequence?

a. 2, 4, 6, 8, … c. 3, 6, 12, 24,…
b. 4.1, 11.1, 18.1,… d. 5, 10, 15, 20, …

13. Which of the following is not an arithmetic sequence?

a. 4, 7, 10, 13, … c. 100, 98, 96, 94, …
b. -2, -6, -10, -14, … d. -4,-3, 10, 17, …

14. Which of the following is not true about the arithmetic sequence
5, 3, 1, -1, -3, …
a. 𝑎2 = -3
b. the common difference is -2
c. 𝑎6 = -5
d. one way to obtain a term, -2 must be added to the preceding
term.
15. I was advised by my physician to walk each day in the morning as my
daily exercise. On my first day, I walked 40m. On the second and third
day, I walked 60m and 80m, respectively, and so on. Which of the
following is the distance I walked on the 10th day if I continue the
pattern in my daily walk?
a. 180 m b. 200 m c. 220 m d. 240 m

Lesson
Illustrates an arithmetic sequence.

1
What’s In

In the previous module, you have learned that a sequence is an arrangement

of objects, numbers or even figures which follows a certain pattern. Also, you
have learned about the processes in finding patterns of any sequence.

Look at the sequences below. Can you see the specific pattern they follow?

2, 4, 6, 8, … 3, 6, 12, 24, … 5, 10, 15, 20, …

Let us try to give emphasis on the differences you observed as we proceed

with this module.

What’s New

Look at the following sequences. What is the pattern you observed in each
sequence?

Sequences Pattern
1. 2, 4, 6, 8, … A term is obtained by adding 2 to the
preceding term.
2. 3, 6, 12, 24, … A term is obtained by multiplying 2 to the
preceding term.
3. 5, 10, 15, 20, … A term is obtained by adding 5 to the
preceding term.
 What is It

Observe the following sequences:

1. 4, 7, 10, 13, …
2. 33, 38, 43, 48, …
3. -2, -6, -10, -14, …
4. 100, 98, 96, 94, …

5. 1 , 1, 1 1 , 2, …
2 2
Can you give the next two terms of the above sequences? How did you get
those terms?

If you get 16 and 19 in item 1, then you are correct. Notice that a constant
number 3 is added to the preceding term to get the next term. To get the next
term in item 2, 5 is added to the preceding term. To get the next term in items
1
3, 4 and 5, the numbers -4, -2, and 2 are added to the preceding term,
respectively.

Notice that to get the next term in each of the sequences above, a constant or
a common number is added to the preceding term or the number before it.
The constant number being added is called the common difference and we
represent it as d. All these sequences are called arithmetic sequences.

To find the common difference (d), you can simply subtract

• the second term (𝑎2 ) by the first term (𝑎1 ),
𝑎2 - 𝑎1 , or
• the third term (𝑎3 )by the second term (𝑎2 ),
𝑎3 - 𝑎2 , or
• the fourth term ( 𝑎4 ) by the third term (𝑎3 ),
𝑎4 - 𝑎3 , or
• in general, a term (𝑎𝑛 ) by its preceding term (𝑎𝑛−1 )
𝑑 = 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛−1 .

Arithmetic Sequences
A sequence in which term after the first is formed by adding a fixed
number to the preceding term is called arithmetic sequence. The fixed
number or constant is called the common difference denoted by 𝒅.
 What’s More

Activity 1:
From the discussion on arithmetic sequence earlier, solve the problems that
follows.

1. Determine if the sequence is arithmetic or not. If it is, find the common

difference and the next three terms of the sequence.
-4, 3, 10, 17, …
Solution:
a. To find out if the sequence is arithmetic, there must be a common
difference between any two consecutive terms in the sequence.
𝑎2 - 𝑎1 = 3 – (-4)
=7
𝑎3 - 𝑎2 = 10 – (3)
=7
𝑎4 - 𝑎3 = 17 – 10
=7
Because there is a common difference between consecutive terms,
the sequence is arithmetic.

b. Since the common difference is 7, the next three terms are obtained
by adding 7 to the preceding term.
𝑎5 = 𝑎4 + 7
= 17 + 7
= 24
𝑎6 = 𝑎5 + 7
= 24 + 7
= 31
𝑎7 = 𝑎6 + 7
= 31 + 7
= 38
Thus, the common difference is 7 and the next three terms are 24,
31, 38.

2. Write the first five terms of the arithmetic sequence with 5 as the first
term and with a common difference of -2.
Solution:
First term: 𝑎1 = 5
Second term: 𝑎2 = 𝑎1 + (-2)
=5–2
=3
 Third term: 𝑎3 = 𝑎2 + (-2)
=3–2
=1
Fourth term: 𝑎4 = 𝑎3 + (-2)
=1–2
= -1
Fifth term: 𝑎5 = 𝑎4 + (-2)
= -1 – 2
= -3
To get a term, we added the common difference or the constant to the
preceding term. So, the first five terms of the sequence are 5, 3, 1, -1,
and -3.

3.Find the common difference in an arithmetic sequence whose 𝑎2 = 1, 𝑎5 = 7.

Solution:
a. Remember that to find a term we add the common difference
𝑑, to the preceding term. For instance,
𝑎3 = 𝑎2 + 𝑑 Equation 1
𝑎4= 𝑎3 + 𝑑 Equation 2
𝑎5 = 𝑎4 + 𝑑 Equation 3.
b. Substitute 𝑎3 in Equation 1 to Equation 2
𝑎4= 𝑎3 + 𝑑
𝑎4= (𝑎2 + 𝑑) + 𝑑
𝑎4= 𝑎2 + 2𝑑 Equation 4
c. Substitute 𝑎4 in Equation 4 to Equation 3
𝑎5 = 𝑎4 + 𝑑
𝑎5 = (𝑎2 + 2𝑑) + 𝑑
𝑎5 = 𝑎2 + 3𝑑 Equation 5
d. Substitute the given in Equation 5
𝑎5 = 𝑎2 + 3𝑑
7 = 1 + 3𝑑 Equation 6
e. Solve for 𝑑 in Equation 6.
7 = 1 + 3𝑑
6 = 3𝑑
2= 𝑑
So, the common difference, 𝑑 is 2.

4. Find the common difference of the arithmetic sequence

3a -1, 3a, 3a + 1, …

Solution:
a. We must remember that in an arithmetic sequence, the
common difference 𝑑 is a term minus the preceding term. Thus
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 Equation 1 or
𝑑 = 𝑎3 − 𝑎2 Equation 2
 b. If we use Equation 1 and substitute the given, we have
𝑑 = 3a – (3a -1)
c. If we simplify, we obtain
𝑑 = 1.
So, the common difference is 1.

5. Find the value of a to make 3a +1, 4a, 6a + 1, … an arithmetic sequence?

Solution:
a. We must again remember that in an arithmetic sequence, the
common difference 𝑑 is a term minus the preceding term. Thus
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 Equation 1 and
𝑑 = 𝑎3 − 𝑎2 Equation 2
b. If we substitute the given in Equation 1 and Equation 2,
𝑑 = 4a – (3a + 1) Equation 3
𝑑 = (6a + 1) – 4a Equation 4
c. Equate Equation 3 and Equation 4
4a – (3a + 1) = (6a + 1) – 4a
d. Combine similar terms
a – 1 = 2a + 1
e. Further simplify
-2 = a
Thus, the value of a is -2.

6. I was advised by my physician to walk each day in the morning as a daily

exercise. On the first day, I walked 40m. On the second and third day, I
walked 60m and 80m, respectively, and so on. Which of the following is
the distance I walked on the 10 th day if I continue the pattern in my daily
walk?
Solution:
a. If we analyze the problem, 40m, 60m, 80m, … follows an
arithmetic sequence since there is a common difference which
is equivalent to 20. Dropping the unit, the given could be
written as follows
40 , 60, 80, …
b. Continuing this pattern until the 10th term, we have
40 , 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220, …

Thus, in the 10th day, the distance travelled is 220 m.

Activity:
Find the common difference and the next three terms of each arithmetic
sequence. Write your answer on your answer sheet.
Common Difference Next 3 Terms

_________ 1. 24, 14, 4, ___, ___, ___

_________ 2. 6, 10, 14, ___, ___, ___

_________ 3. -7, 4, 15, ___, ___, ____

_________ 4. 21, 15, 9, ___, ___, ___

_________ 5. -8, -6, -4, ___, ___, ___

_________ 6. 5, -1, -7, ___, ___, ___

_________ 7. 4.1, 11.1, 18.1, ___, ___, ___

_________ 8. -1, -8, -15, ___, ___, ___

_________ 9. -3x, -10x, -17x ___, ___, ___

_________ 10. 3a -1, 3a, 3a + 1, ______, ______, ______

What I Have Learned

Answer the questions that follows on your answer sheet.

a. What is an arithmetic sequence?

b. How do we get the next terms of an arithmetic sequence?

What I Can Do

There is Math Around Us

Arithmetic sequence can be observed around us. Like the following fare rate
for first 4 kms of a modernized PUJ under General Community Quarantine
released by LTFRB last April 24, 2020.
Distance Fare
First kilometer 11.00
Second kilometer 12.50
Third kilometer 14.00
Fourth kilometer 15.50
If we compute the increase of fare for every increase of kilometer distance,
they are all equivalent to 1.50. With this, the fare rate is an example of an
arithmetic sequence.

Aside from examples involving money, identify three situations or three things
that you see or observe in your surroundings that illustrate an arithmetic
sequence. Write your answer in your answer sheet.

Assessment

Choose the letter that you think best answers the question. Write your answer
on your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following describes an arithmetic sequence?
a. A sequence in which a term is formed by adding any number to the
preceding term.
b. A sequence in which there is an equal difference between consecutive
terms.
c. A sequence in which a term minus the preceding term is always
positive.
d. A sequence in which terms follows a pattern.

2. Which of the following is the common difference in the sequence:

0, 4, 8, 12, …?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d.4

3. Which of the following is the common difference in the sequence:

3, -2, -7, …?
a.1 b. -5 c. 5 d. -1

4. Which of the missing term in this arithmetic sequence:

23, 18, 13, 8, 3, _____, -7, -12,… ?
a.-2 b. 2 c. -5 d. 5

5. Which of the following is the common difference in the sequence:

-7, -4, -1, 2, 5,…?
a.-3 b. 3 c. 4 d. -4

6.Which of the following is the common difference in the arithmetic

13 7 15
sequence: 3, 4 , 2, 4 , … ?
1 3 5
a. b. c. d. 4
4 4 2

7. Which of the following is an arithmetic sequence?

a.1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9… c. 1, -1, -3, -5…
b.1, 10, 20, 30… d. 7, -7, 7, -7 …
 8. Which of the following is the common difference of an arithmetic
sequence if 𝑎3 = 4 and 𝑎5 = 14?
a.6 b. 5 c. 4 d. 3

9. Which of the following is the common difference of the arithmetic

sequence 7p + 2, 5p +12, 3p + 22, …?
a.2p b. -2p +10 c. 2p - 10 d. 6p

10. Which of the following is the first positive term of the arithmetic
sequence: -11, -8, -5, …?
a. -4 b. 3 c. -2 d. 1

11. Which of the following is the value of p so that the terms,

7p + 2, 5p +12, 2p – 1,… form an arithmetic sequence?
a. -8 b. -5 c. -13 d. -23

12. Which of the following is NOT an arithmetic sequence?

a. -5, -2, 1, 4 c. 1, 4, 7
b. 11, 14, 17, 20 d. 3, 7, 12, 18

13. Which of the following is not an arithmetic sequence?

a.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … c. 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, …
b.3, 9, 27, 81, … d. 13, 2, -9, -20, -31, …

14. Which is NOT true about the arithmetic sequence: 25, 32, 39, 46, …?
a. The common difference is 7. c. the 6th term is 60.
b. The 7th term is 60. d. the 8th term is 74.

15. During a free-fall rappelling, a skydiver jumps 36 feet, 48 feet, and 60

feet on the first, second, and third fall, respectively. If he continues to
jump at this pattern, how many feet will he have jumped during the
tenth fall?
a.144 b. 156 c. 132 d. 140

Additional Activity

Determine whether the following situations illustrate an arithmetic sequence.

If yes, then give what is asked. Write your answer on your answer sheet.
1. I was advised by my physician to walk each day in the morning as my daily
exercise. On my first day, I walked 40m. On the second and third day, I
walked 60m and 80m, respectively, and so on. What is the distance I
walked on the 10th day if I continue the pattern in my daily walk?
2. The number of works done by a backhoe in a certain area doubles every 2
hours. If there are N number of works to start with, find the number of
works done in 14 hours.
 Assessment:
1. A
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. C Additional Activity
8. B
9. B 1. YES-
10. D In my 10th day of
11. D walking, I would What I Can Do
12. D have walked
220m. Depends on student’s
13. B
14. B responses .
15. A 2. No
16.
What’s More
1.d= -10 -4,-14, -24
What I Have Learned 2.d= 4 18, 22, 26
What I Know
1.Arithmetic sequence - 3.d= 11 26, 37, 48
1. C
A sequence in which term 4.d=-6 3, -3, -9 2. D
3. C
after the first is formed by 5.d=2 -2, 0, 2 4. D
5. C
adding a fixed number to 6. D
6.d=-6 -13, -19, -25
7. A
the preceding term. 8. C
7.d= 7 25.1, 32.1, 39.1
9. D
2. By adding a fixed 10. B
8.d= -7 -22, -29, -36 11. A
number or constant from 12. C
9.d= -7x -24x,-31x,-38x 13. D
the preceding term. 14. A
10.d= 1 3a+2, 3a+3, 3a+4 15. D
Answer Key
References
Melvin M. Callanta, et al. Mathematics Learner’s Module. Pasig City, 2015.

Gladys C. Nivera and Minie Rose C. Lapinid, Grade 10 Mathematics: Patterns and
Practicalities. Makati City, Don Bosco Press, 2015.

Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board. Guidelines for Public

Transportation for Areas Under General Community Quarantine.2020.
http://ltfrb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/MC-2020-017-RE-
GUIDELINES-FOR-PUBLIC-TRANSPORTATION-AREAS-UNDER-GCQ-
min.pdf
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