PREFACE

Praise the presence of God Almighty for His grace we can complete this
paper. Which we made this paper so that readers can understand more about the
parts of the text used in English lessons.
We hope to help readers who read it. Criticism and suggestions for the
improvement of this paper are highly expected and will be received gracefully. And
finally hopefully the papers that have been made would be useful for the
development of English language knowledge for readers.

Belinyu, Februari 2020

Penulis

i
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ......................................................................................................... i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ ii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1
A. Background ........................................................................................... 1
B. Problem Formulation ............................................................................ 1
C. Purpose .................................................................................................. 2
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION .......................................................................... 3
A. Definition of Text .................................................................................. 3
B. Type of Reading Text ............................................................................ 3
1. Descriptive Text .............................................................................. 3
2. Recount Text ................................................................................... 9
3. Procedure Text .............................................................................. 13
4. Report Text .................................................................................... 17
5. News Item ..................................................................................... 23
6. Announcement .............................................................................. 28
7. Application Letter ......................................................................... 32
8. Invitation ....................................................................................... 38
CHAPTER III CLOSING ............................................................................ 41
A. Conclusion .......................................................................................... 41
B. Suggestion ........................................................................................... 41
REFERENCES .............................................................................................. 42

ii
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Writing or writing is essentially pouring ideas, opinions, feelings of
desire, and will, as well as information into writing and sending them to others.
As part of language activities, writing is closely related to the activity of
thinking. Both complement each other. Through thinking activities, writers can
improve their ability to write.
Expressing ideas in writing is not easy. To produce good writing, each
writer should have three basic writing skills, namely language skills,
presentation skills, and exploration skills. The writer must master the language
used to write. If he writes in Indonesian, he must master the Indonesian
language. Mastering the Indonesian language means knowing and being able
to use the rules of Indonesian grammar, as well as knowing and being able to
use good and correct Indonesian vocabulary.
Departing from the opinion above, writing is not just writing what is
said, but it is an activity organized in such a way, so that an indirect
communication occurs between the writer and the reader. The task of an author
is not only to choose the topic of discussion that is appropriate or compatible,
but also must set clear goals. Determination of the purpose of writing is very
closely related to the form or types of writing. The author must know what
writing he wrote, including in the form of writing, and must know the purpose
of the writing.

B. Problem Formulation
1. What are the types of texts in English ?
2. What is the meaning of the type of text ?
3. What are the structures in the text ?
4. What are the provisions in each of these texts ?

1
C. Purpose
1. Knowing the types of text types in English
2. Know the structure of each type of text

2
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Definition of Text
Some people argue that the understanding of a text is the media or a way for
someone to express an event communicatively. The text is divided into several
types and each type has certain characteristics, sentence structures and criteria
that differ from one text to another.
Text criteria are objective adjusting to one's observations. To distinguish the
first and most prominent types of texts is to look at the structure of the sentence
and the following are various types of text complete with a discussion of
sentence structure and its characteristics.

B. Type of Reading Text

The classification of Type of Text in English is influenced in a number of
ways, including: The purpose of the text, the function of the text, (Generic
Structure) or linguistic structure used, and finally the language features
(Language Feature) contained in the text.
There are 13 types of English texts that we often encounter, starting from
Narrative Text, Descriptive Text, Recount Text, Report Text, Analytical
Exposition Text, Hortatory Exposition Text, Procedure Text, Explanation Text,
Discussion Text, News Item Text, Spoof Text Review Text , Anecdote Text.
All types of text are commonly used for learning material in English subjects
at all levels.

1. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
a) Definition
Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its
purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.

b) Generic Structure
Descriptive text has structure as below:
 Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described.

3
  Description; describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and
characteristics.

c) The Language Feature

 The use of adjectives and compound adjectives.
Example:
- a five hundred seated football stadium.
- a beautiful ancient Roman opera house.
 The use of Linking Verbs/ relating verbs.
Example :
- The temple is so magnificent.
- The temple consists of five terraces.
 The use of Simple Present Tense.
Example. :
- The museum houses hundreds of Greek Statues.
- The hotel provides 450 rooms and a large swimming pool
 The use of degree of comparison.
Example :
- The weather in Jakarta is hotter than Bandung.
- Bogor has the same weather as Ungaran.

d) Examples and Structures of The Text

Haunted House
Identification
One day I went to a haunted house at the one of tourism place at my
city. Of course it was not a real haunted house, but only a creation
of a room with horror atmosphere.

That haunted house always made me curious to go inside and see

because many people was screaming when entering it.

4
Description
I decided to buy the ticket and see inside. I wanted to feel the horror.

The room was dark, only using a few thematic lighting focused in
specific spots which the ghost properties were displayed. The room
was also divided into 4 parts with different theme of horror.

Every visitor would be entering all parts to find the exit and no one
can be out of that room except by passing through the exit door.

At the first-third part of that room I only saw any kinds of scary
display using the theme of ghost, there were some fake ghost made
form dolls, fake cemeteries and some old furniture which made us
imagine about the ghost.

At the last part of that room there were a lot of actors who wore any
kinds of ghost costume and make up. They were moving around and
shocked the visitor. This part was the best one that impressed people
about the fear of the haunted house.

5
 EXAMPLE OF QUESTION

This text is for no.1-3

Petruk Cave
Petruk cave is one of the leading tourist attractions in Kebumen, Central
Java. The cave is located in the dukuh Mandayana Candirenggo Village, Ayah
District, Kebumen regency. In the petruk cave there is no lighting that illuminates
the cave. It is still very natural cave so that petruk cave is very dark to be entered.
Petruk cave’s name is taken from the punokawan of puppet characters that is Petruk.
The cave Named Petruk cave because the length of cave is as long as petruk’s nose.
In the cave there are 3 floors that are the first is a basic cave, Hindu caves
and Petruk cave. The base cave is a short cave which is just 100 meters away. The
cave is used for tourist attractions. Hindu cave is part of the cave that is usually
used to put offerings to the ancestor. Inside Petruk cave there are so many stalactites
and stalagmites which are really awesome. If you want to explore this cave, you
must be led by guides who are ready to take you through the cave. After arriving at
the end of the cave, you can see the beach or waterfall located near at the end of the
cave.

1. What is the text purpose?

a. To inform readers about tourism in Kebumen
b. To entertain reader about Petruk Cave
c. To explain the reader about floors in Petruk Cave
d. To Introduce The Local tourism in Kebumen
e. To describe Petruk Cave

2. Why did Petruk cave named as one of character in Punokawan puppet?

a. Because the cave is belong to Petruk
b. Because Petruk is the first explorer of the cave
c. Because Petruk is buried at the cave
d. Because the cave’s length is as long as Petruk’s nose

6
 e. Because the cave’s depth is as deep as Petruk’s hair

3. Which part of Petruk Cave which used for place to put foods for ancestor?
a. In the basic cave
b. In petruk cave
c. In Hindu cave
d. In front of the cave

Inside the cave This text is for no. 4-5

Orchard Road

Orchard Road is a Boulevard which becomes business and entertainment

center in Singapore. Orchard Road is surrounded by a lush tropical and flower
gardens which are beautiful. At first, Orchard Road is just a suburban street lined
with orchards, plantations nutmeg, and pepper farming. However, in the 1970s, it
turned into a shopping center in Singapore. In 1960 and 1970 entertainment
industries began to enter this road. Shopping centers such as mall and Plaza was
built in 1974.
Orchard Road runs along about 2.2 km. This road is one-way street flanked
by a variety of shopping malls, hotels and restaurants. The shopping area which is
nearly 800,000 square meters provides a wide range of Things, food, and
entertainment. In this area there are many options that can satisfy visitors from all
walks of life starting from the luxury branded things to the Popular branded, from
exclusive restaurants to fast food.
There are so many ways that can be accessed to get to Orchard road such
as: by taxi, bus or drive your own car. For those who are driving to Orchard Road
can be entered from the west through the Napier Road. Vehicles from Dunearn
Road can turn to left at the intersection of the Marriott Hotel junction. Vehicles that
come from Paterson can turn right onto Orchard Road. Orchard is always crowded
so you have to be careful in order not to get lost.

7
4. The text mainly focuses on
a. Singapore
b. Orchard Plantation
c. Plaza and Mall
d. Orchard road as business and entertainment center
e. Shopping Center

5. Which statement is TRUE?

a. At first Orchard Road is a crowded settlement
b. Orchard road became business and entertainment center since 1974
c. Vehicles from Dunrean road turn to the left at intersection of the Marriott
Hotel junction
d. Orchard road is infamous place at Singapore
e. Orchard road is not surrounded by flower garden

8
2. RECOUNT TEXT
a) Definition
Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. The
purpose or the social function of Recount text is to retell or to inform
the reader about what was happened to the writer with series of events.

b) Generic Structure
 Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time
 Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past
 Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the
writer to the story

c) The Language Feature

 Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc
 Using chronological connection; then, first, etc
 Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc
 Using action verb; look, go, change, etc
 Using simple past tense

d) Examples and Structures of The Text

My Experience Met With Taufik Hidayat

Orientation:
Last sunday, there was Thomas cup badminton championship between
Indonesa and China. It was held on Istora Gelora Bung Karno. I went
to Istora Gelora Bung Karno with my Brother, Andi.

Events:
Before entering Istora Gelora Bung Karno, we looked the bus that took
Indonesian badminton team players. I saw taufik Hidayat, Muhammad
Ahsan, Hendra Setiawan, Hayom Rumbaka, Angga Pratama, Rian

9
Agung, Simon Santoso, Sony Dwi Kuncoro and the other Indonesian
badminton players in that bus. They were very handsome. Then, we
followed that bus to main-entrance. I found that Taufik Hidayat left
from the bus. When we wanted to get close to Taufik Hidayat, a security
guard held me back. But, I thought that security guard was familiar
because He was my old friend when I was senior high school, he was
Andre. After that, he let me in, finally i could meet Taufik Hidayat and
got his signature.

Reorientation:
Then, I went back to my seat at the Istora stadium to support Indonesian
team. The supporter was very crowded. They shouted “IN-DO-NE-SI-
A” during the match.

10
 EXAMPLE OF QUESTION

Last holiday my students and I went to Jogjakarta. We stayed at Morison Hotel

which is not a long way from Malioboro. On Friday, we went to the sanctuaries in
Prambanan. There are three major sanctuaries, the Brahmana, Syiwa and Wisnu
sanctuaries. They are truly stunning. We went by just Brahmana and Syiwa
sanctuaries, on the grounds that Wisnu sanctuary is being remodeled. On Saturday
morning we went to Yogya Kraton. We spent around two hours there. We were
fortunate on the grounds that we were driven by a brilliant and amicable aide. At
that point we proceeded with our adventure to Borobudur. We touched base there
at four p.m. At 6 p.m. we heard the declaration that Borobudur entryway would be
closed. In the evening we left Jogjakarta by bus.

1. The content above basically talks about …

a. The writer’s trip to Yogyakarta
b. The writer’s first visit to Prambanan
c. The writer’s impression about the guide
d. The writer’s experience at Yogya Kraton
e. The writer’s impression about Borobudur

2. What is purpose of the text…

a. Tell past events
b. Entertain readers
c. Describe the smugglers
d. Report an event to the police
e. Inform readers about events of the day

3. What else the big temples in Prambanan?

a. angkor wat, syiwa, and sudra temples
b. paria, brahmana, and temples
c. brahmana, syiwa, and wisnu temples
d. wisnu, syiwa, and borobudur temples
e. borobudur, syiwa, and brahmana temples

11
4. When did they go home?
a. On Saturday morning
b. On Friday evening
c. On Thursday evening
d. On Friday afternoon
e. On Saturday evening

5. Why did they just visit Brahmana and Syiwa sanctuaries?

a. Because there was no wisnu temple
b. Because wisnu temple was amazing
c. Because wisnu temple was too small
d. Because wisnu temple was being repaired
e. Because wisnu temple was being destroyed

12
3. PROCEDURE TEXT
a) Definition
Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is
achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people
perform different processes in a sequence of steps. This text uses simple
present tense, often imperative sentences. It also uses the temporal
conjunction such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.

b) Purpose
The purpose of procedure text is to tell the reader how to do or make
something. The information is presented in a logical sequence of events
which is broken up into small sequenced steps. These texts are usually
written in the present tense. The most common example of a procedural
text is a recipe.

c) Generic Structure
 Goal/aim ( or title) : The goal of the text gives the writer’s purpose
of explaining what to do in the text. The goal of the text is the title
of the text itself.
 Materials (not required for all procedural texts) : This part explains
what things are required. It maybe tools, spices or ingredients
 Steps (the actions that must be taken) : These are the points on the
process of doing something in a sequence order.

d) The Language Feature

 Simple Present Tense. And:
 Use of imperatives (e.g.: cut, don’t mix)
 Use of action verbs (e.g.: turn, put, mix)
 Use of connectives (e.g. : first, then, finally, …)
 Use of adverbial phrases (e.g. : for five minutes, 2 centimeters from
the top)

13
e) Examples and Structures of The Text

Goal/Aim : How to Make Pempek Palembang

Materials : Ingredients
 Main ingredients:
- 250 gr cod or any white meat fish
- 125 gr tapioca or com_our
- 2 tbsp light soya sauce
- Salt and pepper
- 1 tbsp oil (to prevent the dough sticky)
- For type Kapal selam, you need 3 hard-boiled eggs slice
half
 Soup Ingredients:
- 5 chilies
- 100 gr paim sugar
- 2 tbsp sugar
Method : Soup Method
Boil all soup ingredients into sauce pan
Sewing:
1. Blend all the ingredients into food processor until the
smooth like a daugh, you could put splash of water if you
need it.
2. Put enough fish cake into your hand and put half boiled
egg in the middle and cover it with the dough and put into
boiled water until floating
3. Drain all the water, deep fry it and add some of the soup.

14
 EXAMPLE OF QUESTION

MIXED ICE (ES CAMPUR)

 (1 serving)
Ingredients:
 ½ of avocado
 3 tbs. of condensed milk
 1 can of coconut water and coconut shavings
 some ice cubes

How to make it:

 Cut the avocado into small pieces.
 Put ice cubes into the glass.
 Fill ½ of the glass with some coconut water and coconut shavings.
 Add the sliced avocado.
 Add the condensed milk on the top of avocado.
 MIXED ICE is ready to be served.
 Combine flour and baking powder.

1. The text tells you ….

a. how to make Mixed Ice
b. how to mix ice
c. about avocado
d. How to eat Mixed Ice

2. You need the following things to make Mixed Ice, EXCEPT ….

a. Avocado
b. Ice cubes
c. Condensed milk
d. Sugar

15
3. How much coconut water and coconut shavings do you need?
a. 1 glass
b. ½ glass
c. ½ can
d. ¼ glass

4. How many servings can you get form the recipe?

a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four

5. You need 3 tbs of condensed milk. The underlined word is the abbreviation of
a. Spoon
b. Teaspoon
c. Tablespoon
d. Cup

16
4. REPORT TEXT
In general, report text is one type of text that include into "factual texts"
category. This text also have purpose, generic structure commonly. This text
is often called a "twin brother" as descriptive text so there's a lot of students
are "confused" about how to distinguish between thoose texts.
a) Definition
The report text often also known as informational report. "Report", the
Concise Oxford Dictionary 10th Edition, is defined as :
1) An account is given of a matter after investigation or consideration.
2) A piece of information about an event or situation.
So we can conclude, in a language view, a report text is used to serves
to provide information about an event or situation, after the
investigation and through the multi consideration.
Definition of text report is also fairly similar to what is often mentioned
in various books in English at the intermediate level, "Report is a text
roomates present information about something, as it is. It is as a result
of systematic observation and analyzes.”
b) Purpose / Social Function
Everyone knows that each article certainly have a purpose why the
article was written. As well as a report text. Some experts say that the
purpose of the report is the text is :
Its social purpose is presenting information about something. They
generally describe an entire class of things, Whether natural or made:
Mammals, the planets, rocks, plants, countries of region, culture,
transportation, and so on.
So we can concluded, the purpose of the report is to convey information
text observations and systematic analysis. The information described in
the report text is usually general in nature, be it natural or artificial like
a mammals, planets, rocks, plants, state, cultural, transportation, etc.

17
c) Generic Structure
As same as descriptive text, A report text also has two common
structures [generic structure], there are :
1) General Clasification » statements that describe the common subject
of the report, common description, and classification.
2) Description » Tells what the phenomenon under discussion; in terms
of parts, qualities, habits or behaviors; This section gives us an
overview of commonly occurring phenomenon, either of its parts, its
properties, habit, or behavior. The point is, presenting elaboration of
scientific classification.

There is also some information on the generic text structure report,

which includes :
1) General information, is the part that mentions the general
information of the theme of writing.
2) Bundles of Specific Information, give us the elaboration of general
information.

d) The Language Feature

Here is a common grammar patterns used in the text report, which
includes :
1) Use of general nouns, that is, an object (be it alive or dead) of a
general nature. Just compare beetwen "Hunting dogs" and "My dog".
Hunting dogs are common, while my dog is more spesific.
2) Use of Relating verbs to describe features, the grammar is also
called linking verbs. As to be [is, am, are: present], seem, look, taste,
etc.
3) Some use of action verbs when describing behavior, eg Emus can
not fly;
4) Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, is one time in
the simple present markers such as "often, Usually, always" and
others. eg Tropical cyclonesalways begin over the sea;

18
 5) Use of technical terms, eg "Isobars" are lines drawn on a weather
map; For example, on "music" then, the terms of the music should
be there.
6) Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organize bundles of
information; repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of
the clause.

e) Examples and Structures of The Text

KOMODO DRAGON

Do you know what is the largest lizard? This lizard is called komodo. It lives
in the scrub and woodland of a few Indonesian islands.
Komodo dragon is the world’s heaviest lizard, weighing 150 pounds or
more. The largest Komodo ever measured was more than 10 feet (3 meters) long
and weighed 366 pounds (166 kg) but the average size of komodo in the wild is
about 8 feet (2.5 meters) long and 200 pounds (91 kg)
Komodo has gray scaly skin, a pointed snout, powerful limbs and a
muscular tail. They use their keen sense of smell to locate decaying animal remains
from several miles away. They also hunt other lizards as well as large mammals
and are sometimes cannibalistic.
The Komodo dragon’s teeth are almost completely covered by its gums.
When it feeds, the gums bleed, creating an ideal culture for virulent bacteria. The
bacteria that live in the Komodo dragon’s saliva causes septicemia, or blood

19
poisoning, in its victims. A dragon will bite its prey, then follow it until the animal
is too weak to carry on.
This lizard species is threatened by hunting, loss of prey species and habitat
loss.

Note on Generic Structure of Report Text about Komodo :

Here are the important details from the generic structure of report text about
komodo. Remember you can make by yourself. The quotation is the guide to show
the element of structure.
1. General classification: It is stating classification of general aspect of thing;
animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in generals. Today we
have a topic in animal.

This lizard is called komodo.

2. Description: It is describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per
part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials. What komodo
looks like is described below:
• Komodo dragon is the world’s heaviest lizard
• Komodo has gray scaly skin, a pointed snout, powerful limbs and a
muscular tail.

20
 EXAMPLE OF QUESTION

Octopus
The Octopus is an ocean creature with eight effective feet which it utilizes
as hands. These are called tentacles or limbs. “Octopus” originates from two words
that have meaning “eight feet”.
The octopus, the squid and the cuttlefish fit in with the same family that has
no outside shells. Their bodies are secured totally with skin. Along these lines the
assortment of an octopus is delicate. It would appear that a huge blow up. A
completely developed octopus can be as huge as 8,5 meters from the tip of one arms
to the tip of another. It can weigh as much as 45 kilograms.
Other than utilizing its tentacles or limbs to catch little fish, ocean plants,
crab and lobsters, the octopus additionally utilizes them against its adversaries. The
octopus wraps its appendages around the exploited person and crushes it before
eating it
The octopus escapes from its adversaries by giving out a thick dull liquid to
obscure the water. It can likewise change the color of its body to match its
surroundings. It escapes its enemis by doing this.

1. Which group of sea creatures belongs to the same family with octopus?
a. turttle and crab
b. shrimp and crab
c. crab and cuttlefish
d. cuttlefish and squid

2. How much a fully-grown octopus can weigh?

a. 25 kilograms.
b. 35 kilograms.
c. 45 kilograms.
d. 55 kilograms.

21
3. How does the octopus look for food?
a. It uses magic colors.
b. It uses its teeth.
c. It uses its hand.
d. It uses its tentacles.

4. Before the octopus eats its victim, the octopus ……………

a. changes the color of its body
b. realizes a thick dark fluid
c. bite it
d. crushes it

5. How large a fully-grown octopus can be from the tip of one tentacle to the tip
of another?
a. 6,5 metres.
b. 7,5 metres.
c. 8,5 metres.
d. 9,5 metres.

22
5. NEWS ITEM
a) Definition
News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The
events are considered newsworthy or important. The way to get news is
by reading or listening to the news.

b) Purpose
The purpose of news item text is to inform the readers about
newsworthy or important events of the day.

c) Generic Structure
• Newsworthy event (Main event)
The main topic of the news.
• Background event (Elaboration)
Additional information related to the news.
• Source
The resource of the news.

d) The Language Feature

• Use of Headlines:
short words, involve word play, and sometimes ambiguous.

• Straight forward language:

direct, not beat around the bush.

• Passive voice:
emphasizes the event or the action instead of the doer.

• Action verbs:
verbs that expresses something that a person, animal, thing, or
process can do.

23
 For example:
a. The government proposed a new program.
b. The ministry claimed to be the one who is responsible.

• Reported/ Indirect speech:

used to report what someone said. For Example :
a. The authority said that the last night event was very unfortunate
for the local residents.
b. One of the visitors exclaimed that the show was the best one she
had ever seen.
c. “We are not in crisis and we will be able to improve our
economy condition soon enough,” the minister argued.

• Adverb:
used to add more detailed information about the event reported.
Adverb of time (recently, currently, yesterday, today) is used to
report the time it actually happened. Adverb of place (here, there,
inside, outside) is used to report the location where it happened.
Adverb of manner (clearly, frankly, quickly) is also commonly used
in a news item.

e) Examples and Structures of The Text

Landslide in Bukit Tinggi

Two people died while four others were wounded in a landslide at a yard behind
a house near Teleng market in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra on Tuesday.

The death people were 3-year-old Yusuf, who was the son of a kiosk owner at
the market, Bujang, and 22-year-old Meli, who was a visitor to the market. The
injured were rushed to the Achmad Muchtar and Yarsi hospitals.

24
 Bukittinggi Deputy Mayor Ismet Amziz said Tuesday it was suspected that
recent heavy rainfall had caused the landslide.
Source: the jakarta post

After reading above example of news item text, it is clearly that news item text
is written to inform the newsworthy. It is socially important to know that there was
an accident of landslide in Bukit Tinggi which caused two people died.

Additionally the generic structure of above news item is as follow:

 Newsworthy event:
News item text presents the daily newsworthy. In this example of news item text,
the first paragraph is the main event. It informs the reader that a landslide
happened.
 Elaboration:
The second paragraph of this example of news item gives further explanation
about the main event that the two victim were 3 and 22 years old while the
injured were brought to hospitals.
 Resource of information:
The last paragraph is the official statement from the expert or the authority which
strengthen the news of the main event.

25
 EXAMPLE OF QUESTION

1. The Beckham’s huge income is depended on their ….

a. news
b. image
c. contracts
d. marriage
e. lifestyle

2. According to the newspaper, the Beckham’s marriage was unhappy because of

David Beckham's ….
a. affair
b. income
c. profession
d. public image
e. free kick

26
3. The marriage was really "on the rocks" (Paragraph 1 sentence 4)
The phrase "on the rocks" means that the beckham’s marriage is in a ….
condition.
a. bad
b. good
c. strong
d. happy
e. strange

4. The Beckhams' huge income (Paragraph 2 sentence 1)

The word huge means ….
a. large
b. high
c. wide
d. big
e. small

5. David almost had a nervous breakdown because of arguments with his wife
(Paragraph 2 sentence 3).
The word arguments means ….
a. fight
b. angry
c. marriage
d. discussion
e. exercise

27
6. ANNOUNCEMENT
a) Definition
An announcement is a written or spoken statement in public or formal
words containing information about an event that has happened or is
going to happen so publicly people know what, when, and where it is
about.

b) Purpose
The purpose of news item text is to inform the readers about
newsworthy or important events of the day.

c) Generic Structure
 Stating Purpose: The text that contains what event will be held
 Stating Day and Date: Day and Date realization. The text that
contains when the event will be held
 Stating Place: The text that contains where the event will be held
 Informing Sender: The text that contains name of the person who
will be contacted

d) The Language Feature

 Using Simple Present Tense and simple future tense.
Example of words used in announcement
a) Due to some technical problems, the show will…
b) We apologize for the inconvenience
c) Hi, Guys! Our neighborhood will hold a fund Raising Activity
next month
 Using exact noun
 Pronunciation and Intonation (spoken announcement)
 Spelling and Punctuation

28
e) Examples and Structures of The Text

29
 EXAMPLE OF QUESTION

ANOUNCEMENT

The registration of English Debating Championship (EDC) is extended until 20

October 2018. Only the candidates of participants who have completed the
registration process who will be invited to this championship two weeks later.

For more information, please call our contact person, Haris Andika at (021)
9933847

EDC Committee

1. What is announced by the announcement?

a) The registration of EDC is prolonged
b) The cancellation of competition
c) The registration is closed
d) The registration is opened
e) Invitation of registration
2. Who makes the announcement?
a) Haris Andika
b) EDC participant
c) The committee
d) The jury of EDC
e) The candidate
3. When will the championship be held?
a) 20 October 2018
b) Not determined yet
c) 20 September 2018
d) 28 September 2018
e) 29 September 2018

30
4. What is the synonym of the word championship?
a) Competition
b) Parade
c) Winner
d) Display
e) Volunteer
5. Which one is not true according to the text above?
a) There is a number to call if we need more information
b) The candidates of participants have to register no later than 20 October 2018
c) Haris Andika is the leader of the committee
d) Not all of the candidates will be invited to this championship
e) The candidates of participants have to complete the registration process

31
7. APPLICATION LETTER
Application letter is written to apply for a job. We use it to let the
company know about our skills and our track record, and all information
they need about us.
Writing an English application letter is quite simple, but we have to
make it as interesting as we can to get the attention from the company. The
first thing we have to do is by knowing the text structure or parts of
application letter.
Parts of the Application letters are:
a) Sender address : You can put your address in the left side or in
the right side
b) Date : the date you make the application letter
c) Company address : put the address of the company you want to
apply
d) Salutation : Dear Sir, Dear Madam, Dear Sir or Madam,
Dear Mr. Agus, etc.
e) Opening paragraph : tell the job or position you want to apply for.
You can also mention from where you get the
information
f) Body : tell about your past experience (if you have
already had the job experience) or any activities
or skills that matches or similar with the job.
Give a strong/ convincing statement that you
are qualified and the right one to get the job.
g) Closing paragraph : write the closing paragraph to ask the possibility
to have an interview. You can put your contact
number or email address to make the company
easier to follow up. Don’t forget to thank to
them.
h) Closing : Sincerely, Yours faithfully, sincerely Yours,
Best Regards, etc.

32
We can use more variations in how to open and express our interest on
filling certain position in opening paragraph. Look at some examples here:
• I am writing to you in response to your advertisement for a tour guide
position.
• In response to your advertisement in the local newspaper, I hereby
submit my application for a marketing manager position.
• I am writing to express my interest in a graphic designer position in
your company.
• I am applying for the position of a fashion designer.
• I wish to apply for the job of a flight attendant advertised in the Jakarta
Post.
• I am writing to apply for the secretary position.
• I would like to apply for the position.

Furthermore, there are some ways on how to close our application letter:
• Thank you for your time and consideration.
• Please give my application strong consideration.

33
 • Thank you for considering my request.
• I am available for an interview at your convenience.
• I am available for an interview scheduled at your convenience.
• I look forward to hearing from you at your convenience.

There are some characteristics we have to know in composing the

application letter if we want the company pays attention to our letter:
1. Use short words and short sentences.
2. Avoid using informal words and sentences.
3. Use active voice to emphasize our skills.
4. Use action verb.

Examples of Aplication Letter

34
 EXAMPLE OF QUESTION

1. Rearrange these jumbled sentences into a good text.

1) Thank you for considering my request
2) Dear Mr Gerrard,
3) In addition, I can control the target given to my team, good at creating the
atmosphere among my workers so everything run smoothly.
4) Sincerely,
5) I would like to apply for the supervisor position advertised to SUARA
MERDEKA in August 25, 2015.
6) Ardian Manurung
7) I have been working for 2 years as supervisor for Delta Mart and having
some skills during the time in managing and monitoring my workers team.
The correct arrangement of the jumbled sentences above is ….

A. 1 – 5 – 7 – 3 – 6 – 4 – 2
B. 2 – 5 – 7 – 3 – 1 – 6 – 4
C. 2 – 5 – 7 – 3 – 1 – 4 – 6
D. 2 – 5 – 3 – 7 – 1 – 4 – 6
E. 5 – 2 – 7 – 3 – 1 – 4 – 6

Answer : C. 2 – 5 – 7 – 3 – 1 – 4 – 6
Parts of the Application letters are: sender address, date, company address,
salutation, opening paragraph, body, closing paragraph and closing. The correct
order of the jumbled sentences above is “2 – 5 – 7 – 3 – 1 – 4 – 6”

2. Arrange these jumbled words into a good sentence.

the1 – nurse2 – apply3 – position4– I5 – for6 – writing7 – to8 – am9 The best
arrangement for the jumbled words above is ….
A. 1 – 2 – 4 – 5 – 9 – 7 – 8 – 3 – 6
B. 5 – 9 – 3 – 6 – 1 – 2 – 4 – 7 – 8
C. 1 – 2 – 4 – 5 – 9 – 7 – 6 – 3 – 8

35
 D. 5 – 9 – 7 – 6 – 3 – 8 – 1 – 2 – 4
E. 5 – 9 – 7 – 8 – 3 – 6 – 1 – 2 – 4

Answers : E. 5 – 9 – 7 – 8 – 3 – 6 – 1 – 2 – 4
The correct expression is “I am writing to apply for the nurse position”

This text is for questions number 3-5

December, 1st 2015

Mr. Adam
Smith
Manager
HRD
Gudang Garam
Company Cempaka
Putih, East Jakarta

Dear Mr. Smith,

In response to the November 28th advertisement in the Jakarta Post, i have enclosed my
resume for the Accounting staff in your company.

My name is Ria Aulia, I’m 21 years old. I am fresh graduated from Indonesia University,
Accounting Major. My GPA is 3.7. I have capability in English actively. I studied in
English First for three years.

I am always eager to seek new responibilities and learn new skills in the workplace. I am
self- motivated and enjoy taking initiative to achieve better results for the bussines. I also
can work in team. I would love the opportunity ti discuss my application with you in
further detail, and look forward to hearing from you.

Yours

sincerely,

3. Who is the sender of the letter....

A. Mr. Adam Smith
B. Mr. Adam
C. Mrs. Lia Aulia
D. Mrs. Ria Aulia
E. Mrs. Ria Maulia

36
 Answer : D. Mrs Ria Ulia
writer's position is located at the end of the letter

4. When was Mrs. Ria Aulia born...

A. 1995
B. 1996
C. 1993
D. 1994
E. 1992

Answer : D. 1994
Because he is 21 years old and she wrote a letter in 2015

5. This is the writer’s personality, Except....

A. Responsibilities
B. Can learn new skills in the workplace
C. Self-motivated
D. Can work in team
E. Can work under pressure.

Answer : E. Can work under pressure.

it is not written in the letter.

37
8. INVITATION
a) Definition
An invitation is a document written or printed or spoken words,
conveying the message by which one is invited

b) Purpose
It is used to invite someone to come, to invite people to join, to ask
someone to attend, and to ask people to take part in something.

c) Generic Structure
1. Title or type of event : including the purpose or type of event will
be held
2. Orientation : inform about what will or who will come
3. Date and time : including when or where the event will be held
4. Closing : including hope of the writter to the reader to come to
his/her event

d) The Language Feature

How To Express Invitation?
1. Address Heading : this is the writter’s full addrres. An address
Heading is optional for informal letters
2. Date : this is day, month, and year that the letter is written on
3. Inside Address : the recipient’s full name and address. Generally
informal letters do not include an inside address
4. Greeting : also known salutation. This is the introductory phrase.
Ex: dear....
5. Subject line : a word phrase to indicate the main subject of the
letter. This is located direcrtly after the “inside address”
6. Body : the complete text of the letter
7. Closing : this is the farewell phrase or word that precedes the
signature and is followed by a comma. Ex : yours truly, regards,
sincerely yours

38
 8. Signature : the signed name of the writer.
9. Postscript : is a brief sentence or paragraph introduced by the
initials.
10. Notation : part of a formal letter consisting of brief words or
abbreviations as notations.

e) Types of Invitation
1. Formal Invitation Usually originate from institues companies and
a kind of it, normally formal invitation is written invitation.
2. Informal Invitation Personal invitation given to friends, family,
etc. Informal invitation can be written and verbal invitation.

f) Examples
I. FORMAL INVITATION
Formal invitation is an invitation which follows a dignified form,
tone or style in agreement with an establish norm, custom or values.
(Websters, 2012).
For example : - An invitation to a wedding
- An Invitation to the graduation ceremony

39
The initials R.S.V.P. are often found at the end of an invitation. These initials
stand for the French phrase "repondez s'il vous plait," which means "please
respond." the person sending the invitation would like you to tell him or whether
you accept or decline the invitation. That is, will you be coming to the event or
not.

Formal Invitation are written on a cards. The text is written in calligraphy stlye.

II. INFORMAL INVITATION

In Formal Invitations date and time are written in words not in
numbers.
Informal invitations is personal invitation given to a friend, family,
etc.
For example; - Invitation to a birthday party
- Invitation to dinner

40
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusion
Text types are classified but it is impossible to build a long text in English only
through one single type. In functional writing, a text will be structured with a
combination of two or more genres to achieve the writer’s goal.

B. Suggestion
Author much hope dear readers, providing constructivecriticism and
suggestions for the perfect proposal to the author in the writing of the proposal
in the next opportunities. Hopefully this paper is useful for writers in particular
are also dear readers in general.

41
 REFERENCES

https://learn.quipper.com/class/55dacde07100aa003e0001b1/course/55b845b127e
447001100
5296/topic/55dc01371aa7c237cb000012/quiz/attempt/1/question/1/lesson/1
https://learn.quipper.com/class/55dacde07100aa003e0001b1/course/55b845b127e
447001100
5296/topic/55e3da85b873bf000b0001a9/quiz/attempt/5/question/1/lesson/1
https://learn.quipper.com/class/55dacde07100aa003e0001b1/course/55b845b127e
447001100
5296/topic/55dc28a7ba2b4c0011009220/quiz/attempt/1/question/1/lesson/1
http://theenglishcamp.blogspot.com/2013/10/procedure-text.html#ixzz3ttorHfgi
http://forum.wordreference.com/threads/newspaper-caption.1492664/
http://learning.ecc-eurika.com/procedure-text-the-example/
https://learn.quipper.com/class/552619e9597dd4552e004481/course/53bba687d9b
7fb006200 001d/topic/53bbb7d5d9b7fb03d9000112/quiz/attempt/1/question/5
https://pakpuguh.wordpress.com/2011/08/15/recount-text/
https://learn.quipper.com/class/55dacde07100aa003e0001b1/course/55b845b127e
447001100
5296/topic/55d1c3b40c546b000b0001ae/quiz/attempt/1/question/1/lesson/1
https://learn.quipper.com/class/552619e9597dd4552e004481/course/53bba687d9b
7fb006200
001d/topic/5660f75839f43a001100579d/quiz/attempt/1/question/1/lesson/1
English modul grade XII 2013 Curriculum

42