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IELTS Grammar _ Unit 24_ SHOWING YOUR POSITION IN A TEXT _Edited by Scarlet rose
Listening
Reading
Writing
Speaking
Learning the basics of forming a verb tense is usually easy, and so is using that tense by
itself.
However, when the tenses are mixed together in grammar or writing, there can be a lot of
confusion.
Here are some tips to remember:
1 Look for the use of time words. A chart is given below.
2 Remember the purpose(s) of each tense.
3 Look at the context.

There may not be any time words in the sentence, but the surrounding sentences will give a clue as to what should come next.
Mixed Tense in your writing TuThuyHa ([email protected]) 1

As long as you believe in yourself, others will._Cynda William
Every day, month, week, year;

Simple present George jogs three miles every day.
always;
sometimes;
Mary always has salad for lunch.
never;
frequently
I sometimes go to New York City.
Yesterday;
Simple past Tom went to Los Angeles yesterday.
# years, weeks, months, days, hours
ago;
Charles Lindbergh flew to Paris in 1927.
in (past year);
last (month, week, year)
Tomorrow;
Simple future Mary will go to Hawaii in two weeks.
in (future year, month, week);
on (future day);
Ed will drive to Toronto next Saturday.

next (month, week, year, name of day);
George will paint his house six days from now.
# days, months, weeks, years from
now;
this month, week, afternoon, year;
someday
Now;
Present Progressive You are reading sentences about verb tenses right no
right now; w.
at this moment
Many students are taking calculus this semester.
At this time tomorrow

Future progressive At this time tomorrow, I will be cleaning my house.
For;
Present Perfect Sam has visited Hawaii many times.
since;
yet; Paul has been here for six hours.
never;
Yoko has known Mary since 1994.
TuThuyHa ([email protected])
Mixed Tense in your writing 3
always;
so far;
I have already written a letter to the president.
# times;
many times;
lately;
recently;
already
For;
Present perfect Rita has been jogging for two hours.
since;
progressive
lately;
recently
Some verb tenses often work with time clauses.

Sentences with time clauses have two parts:
1 The clause with the time word

2 The main clause
Remember the following tips:
The part with the time word is always dependent.

Most time words work with more than one tense.
In the present, past, and future perfect progressive tenses, for is not always necessary, but it is frequently used.
*Before and after do not require the use of the past perfect, but it is possible.

Time Clause Patterns

Main clause
tense
While
Simple past
(short action) While Anna was sleeping, a plane flew over her house.
Past progressive
Past progressive
(action at same time) While George was frying fish, Rita was peeling potatoes.
Present progressive Future progressive While Anna is working tomorrow, her sister will be painting the living
room.
Before
Simple present Simple future Before Karen leaves for work, she will roller-skate around her house
three times.
Simple past or past Before Karen left for work, she (had) roller-skated around her house
Simple past
perfect* three times.
After
Simple present Simple future After Karen takes her motorcycle to the mechanic, he will take a look
at it.
Simple past
or Simple past After Karen took [had taken] her motorcycle to the mechanic,
past perfect* she drove to work in a rented car.
When
Simple present Simple future When John finishes this semester, he will take a trip to France.
Simple past When the sun rose, John got up.
Past progressive When the pizza arrived, John was checking his e-mail.
Simple past
Past perfect When John’s friend came to pick him up, he had already checked his
answering machine for messages.
Past perfect progressive When John got home, his brother had been surfing the web for five
hours.
Until
Simple present Simple future Until Mary finishes her scuba-diving course, she won’t take the
advanced diving class.

Simple past Past perfect Until Mary lost $50,000 in Las Vegas, she hadn’t realized that she had
a gambling problem.
As soon as
Simple present Simple future As soon as I get home, I will take a nap.
Simple past Simple past As soon as I got home, I took a nap.
Whenever
Simple present Simple present Whenever Sam goes to Canada, he always visits Niagara Falls.
The first time

Simple past Simple past The first time that Ingrid visited New York, she went to the Empire
State Building.
The last time

Simple past Simple past The last time that Nancy played hockey, she scored three goals.
The next time

Simple present Simple future The next time I buy new sneakers, I will walk around in them first.
By the time
Simple present Future perfect By the time the plane arrives, we will have completed the crossword
puzzle.

Simple past Past perfect By the time John finished his essay, most of the class had left.
Since (time)
Simple past Present perfect Tom has been unhappy since his team lost the championship.

Some time words may go with more than one tense.

In this case, meaning and context become especially important.
The time given is relative to the present moment—it may be present, past, or future, depending on when the
event happened, is happening, or will happen.
The story below will demonstrate this. Present time is in bold type, like this.
Future time is in italics, like this.
Past time is in normal type.
Today is Saturday. Theresa had been sleeping for
eight hours when the doorbell rang. She got up to
answer the door, but no one was there.
The sound of the doorbell had also woken up
Maria, Theresa’s roommate. Because neither of

them could go back to sleep, they decided to have
breakfast. While Theresa was making breakfast,
Maria was taking a shower. While they were
eating their breakfast, they heard a loud crash
from outside. They ran to the window and looked
outside. Their friend, Tom, had been
skateboarding, but he had lost control of his
skateboard and crashed into the garbage
cans. Theresa and Maria ran outside to see how
Tom was. He had a few scrapes and bruises, and
he was wearing a banana peel and broken
eggshells on his head. Theresa and Maria gave
him some antiseptic and bandages.
They wanted him to go to the nurse, but he said
he was all right.
After that, Theresa and Maria went back inside,
finished their breakfast and watched a tape.
Now it is 12:00, and Theresa is eating
lunch. She is eating a salad.
Lately, she has been trying to eat more leafy
green vegetables. Everyone tells her this will
make her healthier, but it’s not easy for her
because it’s hard to for her to find leafy green
vegetables that she likes. She will be doing
many things this afternoon and evening.
At 1:30, she will go to the swimming pool and swim
some laps. She practices swimming four times a
week because she is on the swim team. She has
been on the swim team for two years.
When she finishes swimming, she will take a
shower and get ready for her evening. First, she
will eat dinner at a Chinese restaurant. Next, she
plans to watch Citizen Kane with Maria, Tom, and
Ed, Tom’s brother. By the time the movie ends,
they will have seen it sixteen times. After the
movie, they will go to a local dance club.
By midnight, they will have been dancing for three
hours.
At 3 a.m., Theresa and Maria will come home and
go to sleep. Tomorrow will be less busy.
Time Main and non-time clause(s) Time clause
12:00 a.m.-11:59 p.m. Today is Saturday.
1 a.m-9 a.m. Theresa had been sleeping for eight hours.
9 a.m. (When) the doorbell rang.
9:01 a.m. Theresa got out of bed to answer the door, but there was
no one there.
9:15 a.m-9: 30 a.m. She was making breakfast (While) her roommate was taking a shower.
9:31 a.m.-9: 45 a.m. (While) they were eating their breakfast
9:45 a.m. They heard a loud crash from outside.

Before 9:45 a.m. Their friend, Tom, had been skateboarding
9:45 a.m. (But) he had lost control of his skateboard and crashed
into the garbage cans.
9:46:00 a.m. They ran to the window and looked outside.
9:46:30 a.m. Theresa and Maria ran outside to see how Tom was.
9:47 a.m. He had a few scrapes and bruises, and he was wearing a
banana peel and broken eggshells on his head.
9:50 a.m. Theresa and Maria gave him some antiseptic and
bandages.
9:55 a.m. They wanted him to go to the nurse, but he said he was
all right.
10:00-11:59 After that, Theresa and Maria went back inside, finished
their breakfast, and watched a tape.
Theresa is eating lunch.

12 p.m.
She is eating a salad.
Before now and up to Lately, she has been trying to eat more leafy green
the present moment vegetables.
General truth with a Everyone tells her this will make her healthier, but it’s
future prediction not easy for her because it’s hard for her to find leafy green
vegetables that she likes.
1 p.m. – 12 a.m. She will be doing many things this afternoon and evening.
1:30 p.m. At 1:30, she will go to the swimming pool and swim some
laps.
Habit She practices swimming four times a week because she

is on the swim team.
Situation that began in

the past and
She has been on the swim team for two years.
continues to the
present moment
3:00-4:30 p.m. She will take a shower and get ready for her evening (when) she finishes swimming
6:00 p.m. She will eat dinner at a Chinese restaurant.
7:00-8:30 She plans to watch Citizen Kane with Maria, Tom, and Ed,
Tom’s brother.
They will have seen the movie sixteen times (by the time) it ends.
9:00 They will go to a local dance club.
12 a.m.
By midnight, they will have been dancing for three hours.
3 a.m. Theresa and Maria will come home and go to sleep.
Tomorrow Tomorrow will be less busy.
Written by Dale Egan, ELRC tutor

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IELTS Grammar _ Unit 24_ SHOWING YOUR POSITION IN A TEXT _Edited by Scarlet rose

Here are some tips to remember:

1 Look for the use of time words. A chart is given below.

2 Remember the purpose(s) of each tense.

3 Look at the context.

Mixed Tense in your writing TuThuyHa ([email protected]) 1

Every day, month, week, year;

last (month, week, year)

Mixed Tense in your writing TuThuyHa ([email protected]) 2

this month, week, afternoon, year;

At this time tomorrow

yet; Paul has been here for six hours.

Yoko has known Mary since 1994.

Some verb tenses often work with time clauses.

1 The clause with the time word

Remember the following tips:

The part with the time word is always dependent.

Mixed Tense in your writing TuThuyHa ([email protected]) 5

Time Clause Patterns

Simple past When the sun rose, John got up.

Mixed Tense in your writing TuThuyHa ([email protected]) 7

Simple past Simple past As soon as I got home, I took a nap.

The first time

The last time

The next time

Mixed Tense in your writing TuThuyHa ([email protected]) 8

Mixed Tense in your writing TuThuyHa ([email protected]) 9

Some time words may go with more than one tense.

Today is Saturday. Theresa had been sleeping for

eight hours when the doorbell rang. She got up to

answer the door, but no one was there.

The sound of the doorbell had also woken up

Maria, Theresa’s roommate. Because neither of

Mixed Tense in your writing TuThuyHa ([email protected]) 10

breakfast. While Theresa was making breakfast,

Maria was taking a shower. While they were

eating their breakfast, they heard a loud crash

from outside. They ran to the window and looked

outside. Their friend, Tom, had been

skateboarding, but he had lost control of his

skateboard and crashed into the garbage

cans. Theresa and Maria ran outside to see how

Tom was. He had a few scrapes and bruises, and

he was wearing a banana peel and broken

eggshells on his head. Theresa and Maria gave

him some antiseptic and bandages.

he was all right.

After that, Theresa and Maria went back inside,

finished their breakfast and watched a tape.

Now it is 12:00, and Theresa is eating

lunch. She is eating a salad.

Lately, she has been trying to eat more leafy

green vegetables. Everyone tells her this will

make her healthier, but it’s not easy for her

because it’s hard to for her to find leafy green

vegetables that she likes. She will be doing

many things this afternoon and evening.

some laps. She practices swimming four times a

week because she is on the swim team. She has