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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling
NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling SN003a-EN-EU

This NCCI gives the expression of the elastic critical moment for doubly symmetric crosssections. Values of the factors involved in the calculation are given for common cases. For a beam under a uniformly distributed load with end moments or a concentrated load at mid-span with end moments, the values for the factors are given in graphs.
Contents
1. 2. 3. 4.
Created on Wednesday, January 23, 2008 This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
General Method for doubly symmetric sections C1 and C2 factors References
2 2 4 12
Page 1
1.
General
For doubly symmetric cross-sections, the elastic critical moment Mcr may be calculated by the method given in paragraph 2. For cases not covered by the method given in paragraph 2, the elastic critical moment may be determined by a buckling analysis of the beam provided that the calculation accounts for all the parameters liable to affect the value of Mcr : geometry of the cross-section warping rigidity position of the transverse loading with regard to the shear centre restraint conditions The LTBeam software is specific software for the calculation of the critical moment Mcr. It may be downloaded free of charge from the following web site: http://www.cticm.com
2.
Method for doubly symmetric sections
The method given hereafter only applies to uniform straight members for which the crosssection is symmetric about the bending plane. The conditions of restraint at each end are at least : restrained against lateral movement restrained against rotation about the longitudinal axis The elastic critical moment may be calculated from the following formula derived from the buckling theory :
M cr = C1 2 EI z k I w
2
(kL )2
(kL )2 GI t + (C z )2 C z + 2 g 2 g 2 EI z kw I z
(1)
where E G Iz It Iw is the Young modulus (E = 210000 N/mm2) is the shear modulus (G = 80770 N/mm2) is the second moment of area about the weak axis is the torsion constant is the warping constant
Page 2
is the beam length between points which have lateral restraint
k and kw are effective length factors zg is the distance between the point of load application and the shear centre.
Note : for doubly symmetric sections, the shear centre coincides with the centroid.
C1 and C2 are coefficients depending on the loading and end restraint conditions (see 3). The factor k refers to end rotation on plan. It is analogous to the ratio of the buckling length to the system length for a compression member. k should be taken as not less than 1,0 unless less than 1,0 can be justified. The factor kw refers to end warping. Unless special provision for warping fixity is made, kw should be taken as 1,0. In the general case zg is positive for loads acting towards the shear centre from their point of application (Figure 2.1).
S F
zg > 0
zg < 0
Figure 2.1
Point of application of the transverse load
Page 3
In the common case of normal support conditions at the ends (fork supports), k and kw are taken equal to 1.
M cr = C1
2 EI z I w
L2 Iz
L2GI t 2 + (C2 zg ) C2 zg 2 EI z
(2)
When the bending moment diagram is linear along a segment of a member delimited by lateral restraints, or when the transverse load is applied in the shear centre, C2 zg = 0. The latter expression should be simplified as follows :
M cr = C1
2 EI z
L2
I w L2GI t + I z 2 EI z
(3)
For doubly symmetric I-profiles, the warping constant Iw may be calculated as follows :
I (h t f ) Iw = z 4 where h tf
(4)
is the total depth of the cross-section is the flange thickness
3.
3.1
C1 and C2 factors
General
The C1 and C2 factors depend on various parameters :

section properties, support conditions, moment diagram
It can be demonstrated that the C1 and C2 factors depend on the ratio :
EI w GI t L2
(5)
The values given in this document have been calculated with the assumption that = 0. This assumption leads to conservative values of C1.
Page 4
3.2
Member with end moments only
The factor C1 may be determined from Table 3.1 for a member with end moment loading.
M
-1 +1
Figure 3.1
Member with end moments
Table 3.1
+1,00 +0,75 +0,50 +0,25 0,00 -0,25 -0,50 -0,75 -1,00
Values of C1 for end moment loading (for k = 1)

C1 1,00 1,14 1,31 1,52 1,77 2,05 2,33 2,57 2,55
Page 5
3.3
Member with transverse loading
Table 3.2 gives values of C1 and C2 for some cases of a member with transverse loading,
Table 3.2
Values of factors C1 and C2 for cases with transverse loading (for k = 1) Bending moment diagram
C1 C2
Loading and support conditions
1,127
0,454
2,578
1,554
1,348
0,630
1,683
1,645
Note : the critical moment Mcr is calculated for the section with the maximal moment along the member
3.4
Member with end moments and transverse loading
For combined loading of end moments and transverse loads as shown in Figure 3.2, values of C1 and C2 may be obtained from the curves given hereafter. Two cases are considered: Case a) end moments with a uniformly distributed load Case b) end moments with a concentrated load at mid-span The moment distribution may be defined using two parameters :
is the ratio of end moments. By definition, M is the maximum end moment, and so : -1 1 ( = 1 for a uniform moment)
is the ratio of the moment due to transverse load to the maximum end moment M Case a) =
qL2 8M
Page 6
Case b) =
FL 4M
Sign convention for :
>0 <0
if M and the transverse load (q or F), each supposed acting alone, bend the beam in the same direction (e.g. as shown in the figure below) otherwise
The values of C1 and C2 have been determined for k = 1 and kw = 1.

q
F L (b)
L (a)
Figure 3.2
End moments with a transverse load
Page 7
3.0
C1
2.5
2.0
1.5
0,3 1.4 0,4 0,5 0,6 1.3 0,8 1 1.2 1,2 2 1.1 1,5 0,7
0,2
0,1
1.0 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
M M
>0
5.0
-1,1
C1
4.5
-0,9
-1
4.0
-0,7
-0,8
3.5
-0,6
3.0
-0,5 -0,4
2.5
-0,3 -0,2 -1,2 -1,3 -1,4 -0,1 -1,5 -1,6 -1,7 -1,8 -2
2.0
1.5
1.0 -1 -0.8
M M
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
M
0.4
0.6
0.8
M
<0
Figure 3.3
End moments and uniformly distributed load Factor C1
Page 8
0.5
C2
0.4
2 1,5 0.3 0,9 0,7 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0.1 0,1 0,8 0,6 0.2 1,2 1
0.0 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0
M M
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
>0
2.5
C2
2.0 -1,1
-1,2
1.5 -0,9 -1,2 -0,8 1.0
-1 -1,3 -1,5 -1,7 -1,4 -1,6 -1,8 -1,9 -2 -0,6 -0,7
0.5 -0,4 -0,3 -0,2 -0,1 0.0 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4
-0,5
M M
0.6
0.8
<0
Figure 3.4
End moments and uniformly distributed load Factor C2
Page 9
3.0
C1
2.5
2.0
1.5
0,6 1.4 0,7
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,8 1.3 2 1,5 0,9 1.2 1 1 1,2 2
1.1 0,2 0,1 1.0 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4

M M
-0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
>0
4.0
C1
3.5
-1 -0,9 -0,8 -1,1 -1,2
3.0
-0,6 -0,5
-0,7
2.5
-0,4 -0,3 -0,2
-1,3 -1,4 -1,5 -1,6 -1,7 -1,8 -2
2.0
0
-0,1
1.5
1.0 -1 -0.8
M M
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
<0
Figure 3.5 End moments and point load at mid-span Factor C1
Page 10
0.5
C2
2 0.4 1,5 1,2 1 0,9 0.3 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0.2 0,4 0,3
0.1
0,2
0,1
0.0 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4

M M
-0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
>0
2.5
C2
2.0
-1,3 1.5
-1,2
-1,4 -1,6 -1,5 -1,7 -2 -1 -1,1 -1,8
1.0 -0,8 -0,7 0.5 -0,5 -0,4 -0,3 -0,2 0.0 -1 -0.8
M M
-0,9
-0,6
-0,1 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
<0
Figure 3.6
End moments and point load at mid-span Factor C2
Page 11
4.
1
References
ENV 1993-1-1
Eurocode 3 : Design of steel structures Part 1.1 : General rules and rules for buildings. European Committee for Standardisation.
Timoshenko, S.P. and Gere, J. M.

Theory of elastic stability. 2nd Edition. Mc Graw-Hill. 1961.
Djalaly, H.
Calcul de la rsistance ultime au dversement dans le cas de la flexion dvie. Revue Construction Mtallique n3-1974. CTICM.
Gala, Y.
Dversement lastique dune poutre section bi-symtrique soumise des moments dextrmit et une charge repartee ou concentre. Revue Construction Mtallique n2-2002. CTICM.
Page 12
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE Reference(s) ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name Created by Technical content checked by Editorial content checked by Technical content endorsed by the following STEEL Partners: 1. UK
Company CTICM CTICM SCI
Date
Alain Bureau Yvan Gala D C Iles
2/3/05
G W Owens A Bureau A Olsson C Mueller J Chica G W Owens
SCI CTICM SBI RWTH Labein SCI
1/3/05 1/3/05 1/3/05 1/3/05 1/3/05 21/4/06
2. France 3. Sweden 4. Germany 5. Spain Resource approved by Technical Coordinator TRANSLATED DOCUMENT This Translation made and checked by: Translated resource approved by:
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What is the method described for calculating the elastic critical moment?

What is the method described for calculating the elastic critical moment?

What factors affect the value of the elastic critical moment?

What factors affect the value of the elastic critical moment?

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling SN003a-EN-EU

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

General Method for doubly symmetric sections C1 and C2 factors References

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling SN003a-EN-EU

Method for doubly symmetric sections

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling SN003a-EN-EU

is the beam length between points which have lateral restraint

Point of application of the transverse load

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling SN003a-EN-EU

is the total depth of the cross-section is the flange thickness

The C1 and C2 factors depend on various parameters :

It can be demonstrated that the C1 and C2 factors depend on the ratio :

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling SN003a-EN-EU

Member with end moments only

Member with end moments

+1,00 +0,75 +0,50 +0,25 0,00 -0,25 -0,50 -0,75 -1,00

Values of C1 for end moment loading (for k = 1)

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling SN003a-EN-EU

Member with transverse loading

Loading and support conditions

Member with end moments and transverse loading

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling SN003a-EN-EU

Sign convention for :

The values of C1 and C2 have been determined for k = 1 and kw = 1.

End moments with a transverse load

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling SN003a-EN-EU

1.0 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

End moments and uniformly distributed load Factor C1

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling SN003a-EN-EU

0.0 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0

1.5 -0,9 -1,2 -0,8 1.0

-1 -1,3 -1,5 -1,7 -1,4 -1,6 -1,8 -1,9 -2 -0,6 -0,7

End moments and uniformly distributed load Factor C2

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling SN003a-EN-EU

0,6 1.4 0,7

0,8 1.3 2 1,5 0,9 1.2 1 1 1,2 2

1.1 0,2 0,1 1.0 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4

-1,3 -1,4 -1,5 -1,6 -1,7 -1,8 -2

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling SN003a-EN-EU

0.0 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4

-1,4 -1,6 -1,5 -1,7 -2 -1 -1,1 -1,8

-0,1 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0

End moments and point load at mid-span Factor C2

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling SN003a-EN-EU