TFN Notes

THEORY OF NURSING NOTES:
INTRODUCTION TO NURSING THEORIES:
MID 1800’S : Nursing knowledge is distinct from medical knowledge ( nightingale)
Nursing practices based on principles and traditions passed on through apprenticeship and common sense
wisdom.
Nursing as a vocational heritage are more than professional vision.
1960’S: Debates and discussions regarding the proper direction and appropriate disciple for nursing for
nursing knowledge development.
Curriculum Era: Nursing education from hospital based college universities.
Theory Era: Outgrowth of the research era; Research without theory produced isolated information.
Research and theory era produced nursing science.
Research Era: Path to new knowledge; Curriculum for developing graduate programs.
Grad. Edu. Era: Master degree programs for nurses.
PURPOSES OF NURSING THEORIES:
✓ Guides nursing practices and helps generate knowledge

✓ Helps describe and explain nursing
✓ Differentiate nursing from other disciplines.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THEORY FOR NURSING AS A DISCIPLINE:
Nursing theoretical works represents the most comprehensive ideas and systematic knowledge about
nursing.
It is vital to both discipline and profession.
Discipline: Department of learning or in a field of knowledge; A branch of education.
Profession: Specialized field of practice, founded in theoretical structures of science. Knowledge of

discipline and accompanying practice of our abilities.
Nursing Practice - Nursing Research - Nursing Theory.

(Process of knowledge development)
1. University baccalaureate programs proliferated, masters programs in nursing were developed. The
curricula began to standardize through the accreditation process.
2. Attention to the importance of nursing conceptualization of the research process and the role of
conceptual frameworks.
3. Works begin to recognize the theoretical nature, such as Henderson, Nightingale and etc.
Discipline is dependent upon theory:
Nursing Theory:
Explain
Describes > Nursing Care
Predicts
Prescribes
• Nursing it recognized as a profession

• Bixler and Bixler published an American journal about “criteria tailored to nursing.” in the year 1959. It
stated:
A. Utilizes in its practice a well-defined and well-organized body of specialized knowledge that is an
intellectual level of higher learning.
B. Constantly enlarges the body of knowledge it uses to improve it techniques of education and service by
the use of the scientific method.
C. Entrusts the education practitioners to the institution of higher education.
D. Applies its body of knowledge in practical services that are vital to human and social welfare.
E. Functions autonomously in the formulation of professional policy and in the control of professional
activity thereby.
F. Attracts individuals of intellectual and personal qualities who exalt service above personal gain and who
recognize their chosen occupation as a life work.
G. Strives to compensate its practitioners by providing freedom of action, opportunity for continuous
professional growth and economic security.
STRUCTURE OF NURSING KNOWLEDGE:
THE HOLARCHY OF CONTEMPORARY NURSING:
Knowledge Holarchy: refers to components that are whole within themselves.
Larger whole: contemporary nursing knowledge
FIVE COMPONENTS:
METAPHARADIGM
PHILOSOPHIES
CONCEPTUAL MODELS
THEORIES
METHODOLOGIES FOR INQUIRY AND PRACTICE
PARADIGM: Patterns or models used to show a clear relationship among the existing theoretical works in
nursing.
METAPHARADIGM: General statement of the discipline and functions of a framework which has more
restricted structures of conceptual models.
FOUR NURSING METAPHARADIGM CONCEPTS:
Nursing: Nursing actions (actions, characteristics and attributes of an individual providing nursing care)
Environment: Internal and external factors and influence affecting a person
Person: Recipients of care (physical, mental and social)
Health : Defined by a person
Philosophy: An attitude toward a life in reality that evolves from each nurse’s belief.
SIGNIFICANCE OF PHILOSOPHIES FOR NURSING:
• Achieve intellectual enlightenment

• Individual is afforded an opportunity to exercise both understanding and value judgements
• Sciences benefit from philosophy essentially because philiosophy governs their methods through logic
and ethics.
APPROACHES TO PHILOSOPHY DEVELOPMENT:
Top - down approach: managerial system and organizational beliefs.

Bottom - up approach: uses philosophy.

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THEORY OF NURSING NOTES:

INTRODUCTION TO NURSING THEORIES:

MID 1800’S : Nursing knowledge is distinct from medical knowledge ( nightingale)

Nursing as a vocational heritage are more than professional vision.

Curriculum Era: Nursing education from hospital based college universities.

Grad. Edu. Era: Master degree programs for nurses.

PURPOSES OF NURSING THEORIES:

✓ Guides nursing practices and helps generate knowledge

SIGNIFICANCE OF THEORY FOR NURSING AS A DISCIPLINE:

It is vital to both discipline and profession.

Discipline: Department of learning or in a field of knowledge; A branch of education.

Profession: Specialized field of practice, founded in theoretical structures of science. Knowledge of

Nursing Practice - Nursing Research - Nursing Theory.

Discipline is dependent upon theory:

• Nursing it recognized as a profession

STRUCTURE OF NURSING KNOWLEDGE:

THE HOLARCHY OF CONTEMPORARY NURSING:

Knowledge Holarchy: refers to components that are whole within themselves.

Larger whole: contemporary nursing knowledge

FOUR NURSING METAPHARADIGM CONCEPTS:

SIGNIFICANCE OF PHILOSOPHIES FOR NURSING:

• Achieve intellectual enlightenment

APPROACHES TO PHILOSOPHY DEVELOPMENT:

Top - down approach: managerial system and organizational beliefs.

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