YANET COLLEGE

MAGNITUDE OF RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIORS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG

NIGHT PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: PETROS KACHA (BSc)

ADVISOR: - YONAS TESFAYE (MSc. Ass Prof.)

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE RESEARCH AND COMMUNITY

SERVICE OFFICE, YANET HEALTH COLLEGE, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE
REQUIRMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS IN GENERAL PUBLIC HEATH.

JUNE,2022
ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA
 MASTER THESIS RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMISSION FORM
Name of the principal investigator Petros Kacha
Name of the primary advisor Yonas Tesfaye (Assistant Professor)
Name of co-advisor
The full title of thesis research Risky sexual behaviors and associated factors
among night high school students in Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia
Duration of thesis research Five months
Study area Addis Ababa
The total cost of the project 27745.30
Address of the investigator Email: [email protected]
Cell phone: 0911286746

Assurance of principal investigator

I the undersigned agree to accept all responsibilities for the scientific and ethical conduct
of the research project and for the provision of required progress reports as per terms and
conditions of the research publications office in effect at the time of grant is forwarded as
the result of this application. I will provide a timely progress report to my advisors and
seek the necessary advice and approval from my primary advisor in the course of the
research.
• Name of the student: Petros Kacha Signature: ______ Date: ________
• Name of the primary advisor Yonas Tesfaye : __Signature: ____Date:
• Name of the co advisor : ___________ Signature: ________ Date: ________

I
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would to forward my deepest gratitude to my research advisors Yonas Tesfaye (Asst prof) for his
guidance and support in preparing this proposal. On top of this, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks
to Yanet health college for the chance it has given me to conduct this study. Furthermore, I would like to
thanks educational office at subcity and school directors for helped me to get information.

II
 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABREVIATION

List Definition
AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AOR Adjusted odd ratio
COR Crude odd ratio
HIV Human immune virus
STI Sexually transmitted disease
GBV
Gender based violence
SDG
Sustainable development goal
RSB
Risky sexual behavior
SPSS
Statistical package of social science

III
TABLE OF CONTENTS...
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... II
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABREVIATION ........................................................................ III
LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... VI
LIST FIGURE ............................................................................................................................ VII
SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. VIII
CHAPTER ONE ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM .................................................................................................. 2
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER TWO ...................................................................................................................................... 5
2. LITERATURE REVEIW ....................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 9
3. OBJECTIVE ......................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVE .......................................................................................................... 9
3.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER FOUR................................................................................................................................... 10
4. METHODOLOGY AND MATERIALS ................................................................................ 10
4.1. STUDY AREA AND PERIOD .............................................................................................. 10
4.2. STUDY DESIGN .................................................................................................................... 10
4.3. POPULATION ........................................................................................................................ 10
4.3.1 TARGET POPULATION ........................................................................................ 10
All night public high school students in Addis Ababa ...................................................... 10
4.3.2. SOURCE POPULATION ....................................................................................... 10
4.3.3. STUDY POPULATION .......................................................................................... 10
4.4. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA ...................................................................................................... 10
4.5. SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE ............................... 11
4.5.1. SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION ...................................................................... 11
4.5.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES .............................................. 12
4.6. VARIABLES........................................................................................................................... 13

IV
 4.6.1. DEPENDENT VARIABLE..................................................................................... 13
4.6.2. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES ............................................................................. 13
4.7. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS AND TERMS ................................................................... 13
4.8. DATA COLLECTION TOOL AND PROCEDURE .............................................................. 14
4.10. DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE ........................................................................................ 14
4.11. DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 15
4.12. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION ............................................................................................ 15
4.13. DISSEMINATION PLAN .................................................................................................... 15
CHAPTER FIVE .................................................................................................................................... 17
5.WORK PLAN AND BUDGET ............................................................................................... 17
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 18
ANNEXS .................................................................................................................................... 23

V
LIST OF TABLES

Table 1:Sample size for the second objectives……………….………………………………………….10

Table 2: work plan to determine risky sexual behaviors and associated factors among high school
students in Addis Ababa,2022………………………………………………………………………….17

Table 3: Budget break down for the study………………………………………………………………18

VI
 LIST FIGURE

Figure 1: Conceptual framework for factor associated with risky sexual behavior among night high school
students of Addis Ababa, 2022. ………………………………………………………………..........7

Figure 2: Schematic presentation of the sampling procedure night students in high school of Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia…………………………………………..………………………………………………11

VII
SUMMARY
Adolescents and young adults are frequently involved in risky sexual behavior (unprotected sex, sex with
casual partners, promiscuity, early sexual initiation, etc.) bringing them to unplanned pregnancies,
sexually transmitted infections, suicides, abortions, academic and labor effect. World Health Organization
has documented many health risks and complications secondary to unprotected sexual activity among
students. Even though the impact of risky sexual practice on the general health of adolescents is enormous,
little attention has been given on identification and intervention plans among night high school students.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the magnitude of risky sexual behaviors and associated factors among night
high school students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022

METHODS: A facility based cross sectional study will be conducted in seven-night public high school
in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 565-night high school students will be included in this study. Study
participants will be selected using simple random sampling. Self-administered questionnaire containing
Sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral factors, parental related factors, peer pressure related factors
and risky sexual behavior related factors of the participants will be used. data will be checked for
completeness, clean and enter into Epi-Data version 3.1.and export into SPSS version 25 for analysis.. A
binary logistic regression statistical analysis will be used to identify potential candidate variables (p<0.25)
for multiple logistic regression analysis. Basic assumptions for logistic regression will be done and model
fitness will be checked before running multiple logistic regression analysis. To control potential
confounding variables, multiple logistic regression analysis will be done., the regression result will be
presented using COR, AOR with 95% CI. P value less than 0.05 will be used to determine level of
significance. Finally the data will be presented using narration, in tables and figures.

WORK PLAN AND BUDGET: This study will be done from June 01to July 01,30,2022 with a total
budget 27745.30 Ethiopian Birr
Keywords: Risky sexual behavior, night public high school, Addis Ababa

VIII
 CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Risky Sexual Behavior (RSB) is individuals’ sexual practice that may increase vulnerability of a person
to the risk of reproductive health problem like STIs including HIV/AIDS, unwanted pregnancy, abortion, and
psychological distress (1) Risky sexual behaviors encompass a variety of behaviors including premarital sex,
multiple sexual partners, unprotected sex, and others, which likely result in contracting HIV/AIDS, unwanted
pregnancies and unsafe abortions(2).
The intensity of involvement in sexual risk behavior ranges from no sexual relationship to unprotected sexual
intercourse with multiple partner and prostitution. Sexually active teenagers who exhibits few positive or pre-
socially behaviors such as involvement in organized action at School or in the community are at high risk for
outcomes such as early sexual activity and pregnancy during their teenage years(3).

During the transitional period from childhood to adulthood, the youth are very eager to practice everything
without knowing its consequences. Young people are engaged in high-risk behaviors like drinking alcohol,
chewing khat, using drugs, and smoking cigarettes. These behaviors, in turn, force them to practice risky sexual
activities such as engaging in multiple sexual partners, sexual intercourse with commercial sex workers, and
lack of using a condom(4).

Today’s adolescent and young adults constitute the largest cohort ever to enter the transition to adulthood.
Evidence showed that nearly half of the global population was less than 25 years old and nearly 90% live in
developing countries(5). In Ethiopia, youth people represented 35% of the population from these night students
are majorly exposed to RSB such as unsafe sex leading to HIV infection and other STIs as well as unwanted
pregnancies (6).
Globally, young people (15–35 years of age) are the most susceptible groups for RSB and account for an
estimated 45% of new HIV infections (7). The Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) reported
that the percentage of first sexual intercourse among young people in Ethiopia aged between 18 and 24 who
have had sex before age 18 has increased from 35% in 2011 (8) to 40% in 2016(9) among women and from
9% to 12% among men.
Night students are viewed as being at higher risks to acquire HIV infection or STI and they are categorized
under the most at-risk population due to their engagement in RSB and their sense of non-vulnerability (10).
1
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Promoting safe sexual activity would contribute to the reduction of sex-related morbidity and mortality
caused by unsafe abortion and HIV. Unprotected sexual practice and the associated exposure to infection is
one of the major causes of preventable mortality in low and middle-income countries. It is the major mode of
transmission for HIV and human papillomavirus, and causes for mortality of more than one million people
worldwide(11). RSB can be aggravated by low income, job insecurity, lack of awareness about sexual and
reproductive health issues and harmful traditional practices (1)

According to WHO, 333 million new cases of sexually transmitted diseases occur worldwide each year, and at
least 111 million of these cases occur in people under age 25 years. In developing countries, nearly half of all
HIV infections occur in men and women younger than 25 years this data show that up to 60% of all new HIV
infections are among 15 to 24 years(12).

Evidences in Ethiopia showed that people who had started sexual intercourse among secondary school
adolescents before the age 18 years ranges from 16% in Jiga(13),49.9% in Haramaya (14) 77% in Arbaminch
and 84.3% in Gondar City (16) and risky sexual practices range from 13% in Humera to 71.21% in Addis
adolescents (17). Moreover, among sexually active adolescents 48.5% had multiple sexual partners and 66%
did not use condom consistently(18).Incidence and prevalence estimates indicated that one in four sexually
active adolescent women has sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia or human papillomavirus(19).

Despite international and health policy maker’s effort to create awareness and to reduce sexually transmitted
infections (STI), contracting HIV/STIs is at an increasing rate(20). studies reported that the rate of risky sexual
practices is mostly increasing in developing countries due to the natural behavior of the young age groups
being risk-takers(4). Globally, most abortions are the result of unintended pregnancy which is resulted from
unprotected sexual intercourse.(21).
Adolescents who had risky sexual practices may face problems with school dropouts, the potential need for
unsafe abortions due to unintended pregnancy, and increased exposure to STIs including HIV/AIDS (22).

Engaging in sexual intercourse in exchange for money or gifts increases the risk of acquiring STIs (23).
Several studies showed that socio-demographic characteristics, use of substance, peer pressure, sexual explicit
materials are some of the factors associated with risky sexual behaviors (6,24,25).The use of alcohol and drugs
is known to drive risk sexual behavior during adolescence and were significant public health concerns (6,18).
2
The influence of peers is critical for adolescents, wherein risky, impulsive behaviors are enhanced in the
presence of peers (16,24).Adolescent females were especially unable to declare their right to negotiate safe sex
due to threat, forceful sex, or monetary benefit(6,26). Poor supervision by parents and absence of open
communication of young people with parents on sexual and reproductive health issue, due to socio-cultural
taboo and shamefulness, are also factors which can lead to risky sexual practices. Moreover, the negative media
images like watching pornographic movies promote irresponsible sexual behavior (1,6).

Night high school students are more victim than others because majority of night students were house
maids which came from country side may feel stranger for urban life and easily involved in risky sexual
behavior and easily raped by employers and their relatives. In addition, since majority of schools aside from
bars, shisha houses, Khat houses they involve in risky sexual behavior with drinkers when they went
school.’(24).

So, this study incorporates additional variables for studying RSB on night public high school such as
parental practice and extra familiar related factors. Even though there only one study in the study area it focuses
on one sub city and done before five years. since current technology is different that means currently there are
many sexually explicit materials that expose to risk sexual behaviors so assessing the current magnitude is very
important so Understanding sexual behavior and its associated factors among night students s is crucial to come
up with effective intervention. Therefore, this study investigated the magnitude of risky sexual behavior and
its associated factors in night school of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

3
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

A better understanding of risky sexual behavior on night students will provide new perspectives on how to
solve the issue. As a result, it will aid as input in the development of successful change management on
behavior of those night students to reduce communicable disease (like HIV, HPV, STL, HBV) associated with
the risky sexual behaviors and un wanted pregnancy as well as to reduce mortality and morbidity which emerge
due to risky sexual behaviors. So, health human resource managers will find this research extremely useful in
maintaining night students and overcoming dropout in school.

The study will also inform these managers of the importance of assessing factors that affect risky sexual
behaviors to bring good quality of health education and promotion. The findings of this study will also help as
input for health planners in Addis Ababa health and educational bureau in development of different activities
in the health sectors in order to decrease level of risky sexual behaviors. Further more it is important for other
researchers as a base line data.

4
 CHAPTER TWO

2. LITERATURE REVEIW
2.1 MAGNITUDE OF RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

Systematic review and Meta-analysis done one Prevalence and determinants of risky sexual practice in
high school students in Ethiopia, the pooled prevalence of risky sexual practice was 42.8% this indicated that
the prevalence of risky sexual practices is high in Ethiopia (1)

An Institution-Based, Cross Sectional Study conducted on risky Sexual Behavior and Associated Factors
among Adolescents Aged 15-19 Years at Governmental High Schools in Aksum Town, Tigray showed that
the prevalence of risky sexual behavior was found to be 17.2% this revealed risky sexual behavior found to be
alarming among adolescents of high school (25) and Institutional based quantitative study design at the same
place at different time interval among secondary and preparatory school students indicated the prevalence of
risk sexual behavior practice in this study is 19.6% (20)

School based cross-sectional study design was conducted among Jiga high school (grades 9-10) and
preparatory school (grades 11-12) students in Amhara Region showed that 16% of respondents reported that
they had sexual intercourse. from those who start sex,14.7% were involved in risky sexual behavior which
could predispose them to sexual and reproductive health problems. More than half, 56.3%, of respondents first
sexual intercourse was before their eighteenth birthday(13)

The study conducted in Risky Sexual Behavior and Associated Factors Among High School Students in
Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia indicated that The overall prevalence of risky sexual behavior was 12.8%
Two out of five sexually active respondents ever had unprotected sexual intercourse.(27).

The school-based cross-sectional study conducted on risky sexual behavior and associated factors among
sexually experienced secondary school students in Guduru revealed that from all participants, 352 (29.8%) had
ever started sexual intercourse from which 240 (68.2%) students were involved in RSB(6). Institutional based
cross-sectional study was conducted risky sexual behavior and associated factors among youth in Haramaya
Secondary and Preparatory School, East Ethiopia, among 363 school youths who completed the questionnaire,
134 (36.9%) were sexually active and more than quarter (25.3%) of the youth had engaged in risky sexual
behavior(14)

Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on Risky sexual behavior and associated factors
5
among grade 9-12 students in Humera secondary school, western zone of Tigray indicated that the overall
prevalence of risky sexual behavior was 13.7% and it is predominant among the males (7)

A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study done on Risky Sexual Behavior and Factors Associated with it among
Public and Private Secondary School Students in Addis Ababa Among all the students (public and private), a
quarter of them 25.5% had started sexual intercourse at the mean age of 16.39years of those who stared sex,
71.2% of them reported risky sexual practices. The prevalence of risky sexual behaviors in public and private
schools were 73.28 % and 69.17%, respectively and from this a quarter of secondary school students have
started sex. Seven in 10 of those who ever started sex practiced risky sexual behavior(15)Another study in Arada
subcity ,Addis Ababa with intention to asses risk sexual behavior on night student in Arada subcity 66.5% of the study
participants ever had sexual intercourse (24)

2.2. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

2.2.1 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC

Study done on Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among grade 9-12 students in Humera
secondary school, western zone of Tigray showed that participants whose age is 19 - 24 years were about three
times more likely to be risky sexual behavior as compared with the other age group and Students who didn’t
believe in practicing their religion actively were about four times more likely to be risky sexual behavior as
compared with students who had believe strongly in practicing their religion (5) . In other study at the same
place showed sex is significantly associated with risky sexual behavior. In this study male students have the
higher odds of practicing risky sexual behavior as compared to female students(7).
Study done at Gonder factor associated with RSB was living arrangements. Students who did not live with
family were more than nine times more likely to be engaged in RSBs as compared to those students who lived
with the family and daily religious attendance and engaging in RSB are inversely associated. Those students
who reported to have daily religious attendance are about 43% less likely to engage in RSB as compared with
university students who reported not to have daily religious attendance (10).
2.2.2. PEER PRESSURE/ EXTRA FAMILIAL / RELATED FACTORS

Study among secondary and preparatory school students of Aksum town, Students not facing peer pressure
were less likely to develop risk sexual behavior (6,10,20). In other study at Humera ,Tigray declared that
students who have report as having peer pressure were more than 6 times at higher odds of practicing risky
sexual behavior as compared to who did not had(7).Study at secondary school students in Guduru, Ethiopia
shows respondents who had no parental discussion on sexual and reproductive health issues were more likely
6
to involve in RSB than their counterparts(6).
2.2.5. BEHAVIORAL RELATED FACTORS
Study on Young People in Cambodia the finding of the association between substance use and RSB extends
the widespread evidence that substance use and RSB tend to co-occur among young people. The most
frequently cited explanation for the link between substance use and RSB is “sensation-seeking behavior,”
which is defined as a disposition characterized by the tendency to pursue novel, exciting, and optimal levels of
stimulation(29).
The study at Governmental High Schools in Aksum Town, declared that using alcoholic beverages has a
significant influence on the fate of participation in risky sexual activities. Those adolescents aged 15-19 years
who used alcohol within three months before the start of the study period were 2.55 times more likely to
participate in risky sexual activities than those who did not use alcohol(6,25). Study among secondary and
preparatory school students of Aksum town respondents seeing pornographies are 6 times more likely practices
risky sexual behavior (20).
while on study done students at Wolaita Sodo town who ever smoked cigarette were nearly two times more
likely to be engaged in risky sexual behavior as compared to their counterparts.(30).The study on risky sexual
behaviors among night school students in Arada sub-city of Addis Ababa showed that practicing sex after
alcohol drink were almost five times much higher as compared to non-drunker and those study participants
who watched pornographic films and committed sex were 3.96 times likely to have higher risky sexual
behaviors compared to non-watcher(24).
2.2.6 PARENTING PRACTICES

Parenting styles, good parental monitoring and high parental connectedness have paramount
influence on the sexual behavior of adolescents. Youths from authoritative home, live with both
parents, feel connected with parents, monitored and supervised by parents are less involved in sexual
risk behavior(31)

7
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

❖ Socio-demographic Behavioral Factors

✓ Sex
Drinking Alcohol
✓ Age
✓ , Religion Khat Chewing
✓ Ethnicity
Cigarette Smoking
✓ Marital status
✓ Educational level Use of other substances (Hashish)
✓ Occupation
Watching video/pornography
✓ Living status
✓ income night clubs/day parties

Poor attendance of religious

❖ Risky sexual behaviors

Extra familial /peer pressure

Parenting practices
related factors
✓ Parent Monitoring/support
✓ Friends who initiated sex
✓ Parental control
✓ Friends who drink alcohol
✓ Parent youth communication
✓ Friends who chew khat
✓ Parent youth Connectedness
✓ Friends who smoke

Figure 1 Conceptual framework of risky sexual behaviors among night school and associated
factors adapted from study done at Arada sub-city(1,15,16,24,31)

8
 CHAPTER THREE

3. OBJECTIVE

3.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVE

❖ To assess the magnitude of risky sexual behaviors and associated factors among night high school
students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022
3.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
➢ To assess the magnitude of risky sexual behaviors among night high school students in Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022

➢ To identify factors associated with risky sexual behaviors among night high school students in
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022

9
 CHAPTER FOUR

4. METHODOLOGY AND MATERIALS

4.1. STUDY AREA AND PERIOD

The study will be conducted in high school found in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The city covers an estimated
area of 174.4 square kilometers and has an estimated density of 5,535.8 people per square kilometer. Based
on 2007 figures from the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia, the Addis Ababa administration has an
estimated total population of 3.55 million as projected for the year 2014. There are 52 high schools in Addis
Ababa from these 10 are found in kolfekeranio ,9 in Nifas silk and 3 in Gulale subcity seleted by sampling
technique. The number of night high school students in kolfe keranio estimated to be 4150 while in Nifas
silk Lafto 3410 and in Gulale 1047-night high school students are continuing their class. The study will
be conducted from may1 to May 30, 2022
4.2. STUDY DESIGN
School based Cross sectional study will be conducted.
4.3. POPULATION

4.3.1 TARGET POPULATION

All night public high school students in Addis Ababa

4.3.2. SOURCE POPULATION

The source population of the study will be all night public high school students in the
three subcity(Kolfe- keranio, Nifas silk and Gulale) of Addis Ababa.

4.3.3. STUDY POPULATION

The study population will be all night public high school students in the three sub-city which fulfill inclusion
criteria.
4.4. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
4.4.1 INCLUSION CRITERIA

All night students who are attending 2021/2022 academic year in Addis Ababa, public high school
4.4.2. EXCLUSION CRITERIA

Student who is seriously ill and unable to communicate.

10
4.5. SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

4.5.1. SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION

Sample size will be determined using single population proportion formula by considering the study done in Addis
Ababa ,Arada subcity on risky sexual behaviors and factors associated among night school students as 66.5% (24) and
with Assumption of 95% confidence interval and 5% margin of error will be used to determine the sample size
Therefore, by entering the above assumptions in to a formula:

(𝑍𝛼)2
𝑃(1−𝑃)
2
n= 𝑑2

Were,
P = proportion of female sexual violence as 0.665
d = Margin of sampling error - 5%
A (Z a/2) = Critical value at 95% confidence interval of certainty (1.96)
(1.96)2 ∗ 0.665(1 − 0.665)
𝑛=
(0.05)2
n=342
, since the study will utilize multi-stage sampling, this sample size will be multiplied by 1.5 for the design effect.
1.5*342 =513 then by adding non-response rate of 10%, the sample size will be 565
The final sample sizes for this study will be 565.
For associated factors of Risky sexual behaviors, the sample size will be determined by using Epiinfo software version
7 using selected three key predictors according to the following assumption.
By considering both objectives, the maximum sample size was 565
Table 1 sample size for the second objectives
. Associated Outcom OR ratio proportio confidenc Power Design None Final
n factors e n un e interval effect respon sample
o exposed se rate size
1 Parental related yes/no 2.47 1:1, 26.8% 95% 80% 1.5 10% 304
factors
Parent monitoring
(31)
2 Behavioral Consu 0.319 1:1 63.9 95% 80% 1.5 5% 188
factors: Alcohol med/no
(16) t
consum
ed
3 Peer pressure(24) Yes/No 0.331 1:1 86.5 95% 80% 1.5 5% 297

11
4.5.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES
Out of eleven subcity found in Addis Ababa city, 30 % (3) sub-city (Kolfe keranio,Nifas silk and Gulale) will be
selected by simple random sampling( lottery) method. Again, from night high school found in each selected sub-city
by including 30% (7) night high school will be selected from each selected subcity randomly. The study participants
were allocated proportionally based on the number of night students in each grade. Finally, the study subjects will be
selected by simple random sampling (lottery) method after obtaining the student list from head of school teacher of
each section.

Eleven subcity in Addis Ababa

Taking 30% by Simple random sampling (lottery method)

Kolfe keranio (10) Nifas silk (9) Gulale( 3)

From each subcity again by including 30% of night school will be selected randomly

Rep Ye Zry Nif

Ay SO Medinialem
i mn ako as
erte S 9th = 35 /80
2dr bra b silk
na 10th = 27 /62
y han 9th =15/34 11th = 44 /100
sch 9th =14/32 th
9 =15/33
9th =18/40 10th =12/28 12th = 27/60
ool 9th =14/32 10th =11/25 10th =13/30
10th =29/65 11th =10/22
10th =20/45 11th =8/19 11th =7/16
11th =22/50 12th =8/18
9th =13/30 11th =17/38 12th =7/16 12th =7/16
12th =11/25
10th =22/50 12th =9/20
11th =15/33
12th =7/15
By proportional allocation to the number of night students
Final sample size 565 will be selected by simple random sampling
technique

Figure 2: Schematic presentation of the sampling procedure, night public high school Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022
12
4.6. VARIABLES

4.6.1. DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Risky sexual behavior

4.6.2. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
❖ Socio-demographic: age, sex, religion, marital status, ethnicity, occupation, income and living
attachment of participants and income of participants’ family
❖ Behavioral Factors;
Drinking Alcohol,
Khat Chewing,
Cigarette Smoking,
Use of other substances (Hashish),
Watching video/pornography,
Night clubs/day parties,
Poor attendance of religious
❖ Parenting practices
Parent Monitoring/support
Parental control
Parent youth communication
Parent youth Connectedness

❖ Extra familial /peer pressure related factors

Friends who initiated sex
Friends who drink alcohol
Friends who chew Khat
Friends who smoke

4.7. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS AND TERMS

Risky sexual behavior: who have experienced at least one of risky sexual behaviors such as having multiple sexual
partners or doing sexual intercourse with causal sexual partner or doing sexual intercourse with commercial sex
worker, or inconsistent use of condoms(1,6,24).
Multiple sexual Partners: having sexual contact with two or more partners.
Consistent condom use: using condom during each and every sexual intercourse with non-regular partner

13
Alcohol: drinking substance that contains alcohol (Tella, Teji, Areke, Beer, Wine.)
Substance use: use of at least any one of the following substances: alcohol, khat cigarette, shisha and ganja(marijuana)
that are assumed to affect level of thinking and increase risk of involving in risky sexual behavior.
Explicit material related factors: -Material that expose pornography house, night clubs/day parties
Parenting practice: is defined as the ardent climate provided by parents and parenting practices such as parent youth
connectedness, parental monitoring and parents-youth communication that parents undertake with specific goals(31)

4.8. DATA COLLECTION TOOL AND PROCEDURE

4.8.1. DATA COLLECTION TOOL

Risky sexual behavior and associated factors scales was adapted by reviewing different literature (16,20,22,31). The
questionnaire is divided into five parts. Part one socio demographic variables: age, sex, religion, marital status,
ethnicity, occupation, income and living attachment of participants and income of participants’ family. part two
Behavioral Factors; Drinking Alcohol, Khat Chewing, Cigarette Smoking, use of other substances (Hashish), Watching
video/pornography, night clubs/day parties, Poor attendance of religious. Part Three: Parenting practices such as Parent
Monitoring/support, Parental control, Parent youth communication, Parent youth Connectedness. Part four Extra
familial /peer pressure related factors such as Friends who initiated sex, Friends who drink alcohol, Friends who chew
khat, Friends who smoke and part five Risky sexual behavior: such as Multiple/concurrent sexual partners, Sex for
exchange of money/ Casual Sexual partner, Inconsistent use of condom. (11 item by using yes and no question. It is
measured by using 12 items each score in yes and No question 1 denoting agree and 0 indicate disagree. The score
ranges from minimum 12 to maximum 24.. The scale internal reliability of the tool will be checked by Cronbach’s
Alpha.
4.9.DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE.
Data will be collected by using self-administered structured questionnaire. The study population will be invited to
participate voluntarily by explaining the rational of the study at the time of data collection. Trained data collectors and
supervisor will be used to give questionaries and pretested questioners for night students. Data will be collected by
three trained data collectors and one supervisor. Data collectors are diploma holder teachers working in other school
other than data collection site.
4.10. DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE
To ensure data quality the questionnaires will be translated from English to the local language Amharic and
back translated to English to ensure consistencies. The adapted tool will be checked for internal consistence
of each question for composite variable by Cronbach Alpha (α). The questionnaires will be pretested at 5%
of night students from Addis ketema high school to see for the accuracy of responses and to estimate time
14
needed and the questionnaire will be adjusted accordingly and data cleaning by checking missing value
before entered into SPSS will be conducted. Two-day training on data collection will be provided for both
data collectors and supervisor. Supervisors will check the completeness, consistency and appropriateness of
the collected data every day. Written guideline will be given to the data collectors to assure that each student
receives the same direction and information
4.11. DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS
After the data collection, data will be checked manually for its completeness every day. The data will be
coded, entered using Epi data version 3.1 on daily bases and after complete entry of data it will be exported
to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Data exploration will be done to see the characteristics of data. Frequency
distribution will be done to check for outliers, inconsistencies and to identify missing values. Descriptive
statistics such as frequencies, percentage, summary measures, tables and graphs will be used to describe
the results of the respondents according to the type of data. Factors associated with the dependent variable
(RSB) will be assessed using logistic regression. Initially binary logistic Regression will be performed to
determine association between dependent variable and independent variables. Then significant variable
with p value ≤ 0.25 will be considered as candidate variables for multivariate logistic regression analysis.
The presence of multicollinearity will be checked by using variance inflation factors and tolerance and
Goodness of fit of the model will be tested using Hosmer and Lemeshow likelihood ratio statistics to control
confounders between variables. The degree of association between dependent and independent variables
will be measured using adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval at significance level of < 0.05

4.12. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

The proposal will be submitted to Yanet Health College of publication office for approval and Ethical clearance will
be obtained from Yanet health college IRB then to selected sub-city and then to selected high schools. The data will
be collected after the purpose or the objective of the study was presented to each participant parent and written informed
for those age greater than 18 years and consent will be obtained by keeping covid 19 protocols such as keeping distance,
using mask and sanitizer etc. Any personal identifying variables of each participant were kept confidential. To assure
Confidentiality code number will be assign to the study participants without mentioning the name, the information that
will be collected by the study were keep in a file and locked with a key

4.13. DISSEMINATION PLAN

Results of this study will be presented to college community in open public defense for comments and approvals.
After the comments are incorporated the copies of study findings will be handed to Yanet health college department
of research and publication office and Addis Ababa Educational management directorate through email and hard copy.

15
The finding also will be communicated to the local health planners and other relevant stakeholders at national, sub
city, woreda level and for each public school. This will be done through reports, conference, seminar presentation, and
workshop to enable them to take and apply research recommendations as input during their planning process. At the
end, efforts will be made to publish the results on scientific journals for wider access.

16
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.WORK PLAN AND BUDGET

5.1. WORK PLAN

Table 1:- Work plan to determine risky sexual Behaviors and associated factors among students in night school
in Addis Ababa, Ethioipa,2022.
No, Activities Months of 2022
Februar April May June July August Responsible
y- body
March

1 Proposal draft Investigator

and Advisor
Development
3 Proposal submission Investigator
for defense and Advisor

4 Final proposal Investigator

and Advisor
Submission
5 Data collection Data
collectors
6 Data entry ,cleaning Investigator

& analysis
7 Report write up Investigator
and Advisor
12 Final thesis submission Principal

defense and publication Investigator

and Advisor

17
5.2. BUDGET BREAKDOWN
Table 2: - Budget breakdown to determine the Risky sexual and associated factors Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia, 2022.

N No. Cost/ite Total

Item required Unit Remark
o required m in Birr cost/birr
I. Budget for Equipments and supplies
1 Pen( Lexi) Pieces 10 15 150
2 Pencil (fixer) for data collection Pieces 10 5 50 2/dc
3 Eraser Pieces 5 3 15
4 Paper for Proposal and report writing pack 2 300 600
5 Questionnaire duplication
Page 2034 3 6408
(2136Pages)
6 Binding No 5 20 100
8 Printing for proposal & research pages
200 3 600
report
1 Sharpener No
5 5 25 1/DC
0
1 Mask and sanitizer Pack, (2*250)+1
600
1 liter 00
Subtotal for equipment and supplies 8548
II. Communication Cost
1 Travel cost Round 60 30 1800
2 Mobile card and internet (CDMA) card 5 200 1000
Communication sub total 2800
III. Personal Cost
IV.
1 Training of data collectors No 7X 3days 125 2625
3 Per diem for data collectors No 3X15days 125 5625
4 Pretest and refreshment No 3X5days 125 1875
5 Data analysis and report writing No 2X 15days 125 3750

18
 Personal cost sub total 13875
Total cost 25223
10% contingency 2522.3
Grand total budget required 27745.30

19
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sexual practice in Ethiopia : Systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2017;

2. Alamrew Z, Bedimo M, Azage M. Risky Sexual Practices and Associated Factors for HIV /
AIDS Infection among Private College Students in Bahir Dar City , Northwest Ethiopia.
2013;2013.

3. Campus F, Town J, West S. Primary Health Care : Open Access Assessment of Risky
Sexual Behaviour and Associated Factors Among. 2017;7(2):2–5.

4. Gemechu AG, Ayana LA, Waqtole ZD, Tola EK. Risky sexual behavior and its associated
factors among daily laborers in Arjo-Didessa sugar factory , Jimma Arjo , Southwest
Ethiopia : An institution-based cross-sectional study. 2021;

5. UNFPA,state of world population 2011 People and possibilities in a world of 7 billion.

2015;

6. Fekadu B, Oljira L, Demena M, Demissie L. Risky sexual behavior and associated factors
among sexually experienced secondary school students in Guduru , Ethiopia. Prev Med
Reports [Internet]. 2021;23:101398. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101398

7. Dadi AF, Teklu FG. Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among grade 9-12
students in Humera secondary school , western zone of Tigray , NW Ethiopia , 2014.
2014;2(5):410–6.

8. H.SURVEY. Ethipian demographic health survey. 2011;

9. Kaewkiattikun K. Effects of immediate postpartum contraceptive counseling on long-acting

reversible contraceptive use in adolescents. Vol. Volume 8, Adolescent Health, Medicine
and Therapeutics. 2017. 115–123 p.

10. Tekletsadik EA, Ayisa AA, Ali MS. Determinants of risky sexual behaviour among
undergraduate students at the University of Gondar , Northwest Ethiopia. 2022;

11. Ross JM, Duperrouzel J. HHS Public Access Author manuscript. 2016;(May).

12. Figueroa JP. sRandomized Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of Counseling Messages
for Avoiding Unprotected Sexual Intercourse During Sexually Transmitted Infection and
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Reproductive Tract Inf. NIH Public Acces. 2020;(November).
13. Kassa GM, Degu G, Yitayew M, Misganaw W, Muche M, Demelash T, et al. Risky Sexual
Behaviors and Associated Factors among Jiga High School and Preparatory School
Students , Amhara Region , Ethiopia. 2016;2016.

14. Shore H, Beyene AS. Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among youth in
Haramaya Secondary and Preparatory School , East Ethiopia , 2015. 2017;(September).

15. Abdusemed Musa. Risky Sexual Behavior and Factors Associated with it among Public and
Private Secondary School Students in Addis Ababa,Reproductive Health and Medicine.
2017;6(2):4172.

16. Kasahun AW, Yitayal M, Girum T, Mohammed B. Risky Sexual Behavior and Associated
Factors Among High School Students in Gondar City , Northwest Ethiopia. 2017;6(3).

17. Envuladu EA, Massar K, Wit J De. Adolescents ’ Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare-
Seeking Behaviour and Service Utilisation in Plateau State , Nigeria. 2022;1–10.

18. Asrese K, Mekonnen A. Social network correlates of risky sexual behavior among
adolescents in Bahir Dar and Mecha Districts , North West Ethiopia : an institution-based
study. 2018;1–8.

19. Betha K, Robertson JM, Tang G, Haggerty CL. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis
among Childbearing Age Women in India : A Systematic Review. 2016;2016.

20. Girmay A, Mariye T. Risky sexual behavior practice and associated factors among
secondary and preparatory school students of Aksum. BMC Res Notes [Internet]. 2019;1–7.
Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4714-1

21. Sheet F. ADDING IT UP : Investing in Contraception and Maternal and Newborn Health
for Adolescents in Ethiopia , 2018. 2018;(December).

22. Amare H, Azage M, Negash M, Getachew A, Desale A, Abebe N. Risky Sexual Behavior
and Associated Factors Among Adolescent Students in Tana Haik High School , Bahir Dar
, Northern Ethiopia. 2017;3(4):41–7.

23. Zone NW, Sate AR, Desale AY, Argaw MD, Yalew AW. Prevalence and Associated
Factors of Risky Sexual Behaviours Among in- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Risky
Sexual Behaviours Among in-School Youth in Lalibela Town , North Wollo Zone ,
Amhara Regional Sate , Ethiopia : A Cross-Sectional Study Design. 2016;(February).

24. RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS AMONG NIGHT SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ARADA

SUB-CITY. 2017;(June).
21
25. Srahbzu M. Risky Sexual Behavior and Associated Factors among Adolescents Aged 15-19
Years at Governmental High Schools in Aksum Town ,. 2020;2020.

26. Envuladu EA. EXPLORING THE INFLUENCING FACTORS ON ADOLESCENT

SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CHALLENGES IN
NIGERIA : A CASE STUDY OF PLATEAU STATE. 2016;(September).

27. City G, Kasahun AW, Yitayal M, Girum T, Mohammed B. Risky Sexual Behavior and
Associated Factors Among High School Students in Risky Sexual Behavior and Associated
Factors Among High School Students in Gondar City , Northwest Ethiopia.
2017;(September).

28. Jibril MK, Kibru M. Factors Associated with Risky Sexual Behavior among Jigjiga
University Students in Jigjiga. 2020;7.

29. Yi S. Factors Associated with Risky Sexual Behavior among Unmarried Most-At-Risk
Young People in Cambodia. 2014;2:211–20.

30. Azeze GA, Gebeyehu NA, Wassie AY, Mokonnon TM. Factors associated with risky
sexual behaviour among secondary and preparatory students in Wolaita Sodo town ,
Southern Ethiopia ; Institution based cross-sectional study. 2021;21(4).

31. BAYESSA T. MAGNITUDE OF RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND ASSOCIATED

FACTORS YOUTH STUDENTS IN KEA MED COLLEGE, ADDIS ABABA,
ETHIOPIA. 2016;

22
 ANNEXS
ANNEX I: Information sheet and consent form

Title of the research project: Risky Sexual violence and associated factors in female high school of
Addis Ababa,

Principal Investigator of the study: Petros Kacha (Bsc, MPH fellow)

Purpose of the research

This research is going to assess risky sexual behavior and associated factors in night school of Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia. This study is very important in giving relevant information about the risky sexual
behavior. It will be an important contribution in enhancing health quality and identifying the area
of gap. This study will be important for the current and future improvement.

Voluntary participation

Your participation in this research is entirely voluntary. It is your choice whether to participate or
note. Whether you choose to participate or not the service you receive as students and nothing will
change. Before your decision in participating in the study, you have to be sure that you understand
the purpose of the study with full voluntarism and you have full rights to ask any question that you
want to ask. You may change your mind later and stop participating even if you agreed earlier.

Confidentiality

The information that is collected for this research will be kept confidential. It will be stored in file
using codes, without mentioning your name and it will not be exposed to any one rather it will be
used for this particular research.

Benefit

Your participation in this research may or may not directly provide you a certain benefit as an
individual. But it helps us in assessing risky sexual behavior. This benefits you and other through
communicating with concerned body that will do required intervention.

Risks/harm 23
There are no side effects and known risks related with this kind of research so far. The only
discomfort you might feel will be giving us precious time for interview it is a maximum of 15minute.

Who to contact

This is research reviewed and approved by Yanet health college ethical review committee. If you
wish to ask question now or later you can use the contact address below.

1. Petros mobile: +251911286746

ANNEX II: Informed consent

Informed Consent letter

My name is_____________, I am working as data collector for Yanet health college, Department
of Public Health on a research entitled “Risky Sexual behavior among night school students and
associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022.”

Hence, your genuine responses and participation to the questions included in this questionnaire are
of paramount importance.

The information you give us will be kept secret and will be used only for research purpose. You
have full right not to participate on the study and even to discontinue at any time during data
collection if you feel inconvenient with the procedure. However, we encourage you to give us your
genuine information for the completion of the study.
I hereby give consent to participate in this study

__________Yes, I want to participate in the study (continue interviewer administer question)

__________No, I do not want to participate in the study (thank you!)

Data collector: Name _________________________Signature ___________Date ________

24
A QUESTIONNAIRE FOR A RESEARCH ON: - “RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIORS AMONG
NIGHT SCHOOL STUDENTS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN ADDIS ABABA,
ETHIOPIA, 2022.”

Questionnaire No: .
Interviewer’s Name_____________________________________
Supervisor’s Name______________________________________
Date of interview: dd _______ mm ____________ yyyy____________
Interview times taken: started____________ ended_____________

Annex III Structured Questionnaire form (English)

Code No: ____________________
School: ______________________

Part I Socio demographic characteristics

S. no Questions and filters Alternative answers (coding Skip to
category)
101 Sex 1. Male
2. Female
102 How old are you? _____years
99=don’t know
103 What is your religion? 1. Orthodox
2. Muslim
3. Protestant
4. Catholic
88. Others, specify /______/
104 To which ethnic group do 1. Amhara
you belong to? 2. Oromo
3. Tigray
4. Guragie
88.Others, specify/_________/
105 Which school do you learn? 1. Government
2. Faith based
106 What grade are you 25 9
1. grade
 currently attending?
2. grade 10
3.grade 11
. 4.grade 12
107 What is your current marital 1. Currently married
status? 2. Never married
3. Divorced
4. Widowed
88.Others,specify /______/
108 Currently have you a Job? 1. Yes 110

41

26
 2. No
109 If your answer for Q # 107 1. Homemade
is yes what your occupation 2. Government office
is, that is, a type of work do 3. Petty trade
you mainly do? 4. Daily laborer
5. Exchange of money for sex
88.Others,specify /________/
110 Currently on average how _____birr
much do you earn per 99. Don't know/ remember
month?
111 Currently on average how _____birr
much do your parents earn 99. Don't know/ remember
per month?
12 Currently with whom do 1. I live with my family
you live? 2. I live with my relatives
3. I live with my friends
4. I live alone
5. I live with employer/s
88.Others,specify /________/

PART BEHAVIORAL RELATED

2 FACTORS
No. Questions Alternative Responses (Coding
Category)
11 Have you ever consumed alcohol? 1. Yes
2. No
13 Do you smoke cigarette? 1. Yes
2. No
14 Do you chew Khat? 1. Yes
2. No
16 Have you f use substances 1. Yes
(Hashish, cocaine, marijuana)? 2. No
17 Do you watch pornographic film? 1. Yes
2. No
18 If yes for Q 17, how often do you watch27 1. 2 or more times a week
 pornographic video? 2. 2. Less than 1 times a week
19 If yes for Q 17, have you ever had sex 1. Yes
after watching pornographic film? 2. No
20 If yes for Q 17, have you had sex without 1. Yes
using condom after watching 2. No
pornographic video?
night clubs/day parties, 1 yes
2 no

Do you go to church/mosque proberly 1. Yes

2. No

PART Extra familial /peer pressure related factors

3

No. Questions Alternative Responses (Coding

Category)
12 Have you friends who drink alcohol? 1. Yes
2. No
13 Have you friends who smoke cigarette? 3. Yes
4. No
15 Have you friends who chew khat? 1. Yes
2. No
16 Have you friends who use substances 3. Yes
(cocaine, marijuana)? 4. No
17 Do you have a friend who watch pornographic 3. Yes
film?
4. No
PART PARENTING PRACTICES
4

PART PARENT MONITORING AND

4.1 PARENTING STYLES

No. Questions Alternative Responses (Coding

Category)
28
38 Are your parent(s) /guardians having clear 1. Yes
rules and consequences? 2. No
39 Is your parent(s)/guardians know where you 1. Yes
are if you are not at home? 2. No
40 Are your parent(s) know all your friends? 1. Yes
2. No
41 Do you need permission from your 1. Yes
parent(s)/guardians to go anywhere? 2. No
42 Is your parent allows you to stay at friends’ 1. Yes
houses overnight? 2. No
43 Is your parent(s)/guardians do not mind if 1. Yes
you get a boyfriend/ girlfriend? 2. No
PART PARENT COMMUNICATION 3.
4.2
No. Questions Alternative Responses (Coding
Category)
46 Is your parent(s) /guardians talk to you 1. Yes
about sex? 2. No
47 Is your parent(s) /guardians talk to you 1. Yes
about STIs including HIV/AIDS? 2. No
48 Is your parent(s) /guardians talk to you 1. Yes
about pregnancy? 2. No
49 Is your parent(s) talk to you about the 1. Yes
changes occurring during adolescence? 2. No
50 Is your parent(s)/guardians talk to you 1. Yes
about school? 2. No
51 Is your parent(s) /guardians 1. Yes
communicate positively with you? 2. No
52 Is your parent(s) /guardians are willing 1. Yes
to provide advice and counseling? 2. No
PART PARENTS CONNECTEDNESS
4.3
No. Questions Alternative Responses
(Coding Category)
53 Is your family members ask each other for 1. Yes
help? 2. No
54 Do you think your family members feel very 1. Yes
close to each other? 2. No
55 Do you listen to what other family members 1. Yes
have to say, even when you disagree? 2. No
56 Are you available when others in the family 1. Yes
want to talk to you? 2. No
57 Do your families do things for fun together? 1. Yes
2. No
29
58 The adults in my household fight 1. Yes
2. No

PART
V SEXUAL PRACTICES
No. Questions Alternative Responses (Coding
Category)
21 Have you ever had sex? 1. Yes
2. No
22 If yes for Q 21, what is your age at first sex?
23 If yes for Q 21, have you had sex in the past 1. Yes
12 months? 2. No
24 If yes for Q 21, have you had more than one 1. Yes
sexual partner with in last 12months? 2. No
25 If yes for Q 21, have you had sex with older 1. Yes
individuals? 2. No
26 If yes for Q 21, have you had sex with 1. Yes
commercial sex workers? (for Females) 2. No
27 If no for Q 21, what was you reason for not 1. Wait until marriage
practicing sex? 2. Fear of family
3. Prevent unwanted pregnancy
4. Fear of HIV/AIDS
28 If yes for Q 24, what is your reason for 1. To get partner with good sexual
having multiple sexual partners? pleasure
2. To get matured sexual partner
3. Seeking for money
4. Other
29 If yes for Q 23, have you used condom during 1. Yes
sexual intercourse? 2. No
30 If yes for Q 29, how frequent have you used 1. Regularly
condom? 2. Frequently
3. Some times
4. Never

30
 31 If no for Q 29, what is your reason for not 1. Difficult to get condom
using condom? 2. In love with a partner
3. Condom reduce sexual
satisfaction
4. My partner is free for HIV
5. For money
32 If yes for Q 21, have you history of rape? 1. Yes
2. No
33 If yes for Q 21, have you history of 1. Yes
pregnancy? (for female) 2. No
34 If yes for Q 21, have you history of abortion? 1. Yes
(for female) 2. No
35 Have you male friend (s) who initiated sex? 1. Yes
2. No
36 Have you female friend (s) who initiated sex? 3. Yes
4. No
37 Have you ever discussed about sexuality with 1. Yes
peers? 2. No

43

Thank you very much for your time and participation! Your genuine response in
combination with others will help to be valuable of the study!

31
T

Annex 7.2 . የ አ ማርኛ መጠይቅ

የ መጠይቁመለያቁጥር :
የ ትምህረት ቤቱ ስም: ______________
ክፍል አ ጠቃላ ይ መረጃ
1
ተ.ቁ ጥያ ቄ አ ማራጭ መለ ያ

101 ፆታ 1= ወንድ 1
. 2= ሴት 2
102 እ ድሜሽ /ህ ስን ት ነ ው? _ዓመት 99=አላ ው

32
. 99= አላ ውቀውም ቀውም
103 ሐይማትሽ ምነ ድን ነ ው? 1. ኦ ርቶዶክስ 88=ሌላ
. 2. እስልምና ካለ
3. ፕሮቲስታነ ት ይገ ለጽ
4. ካቶሊክ
88. ሌላ ካለ ይገ
ለጽ/____________ /
104 ብሄርሽ ምን ድን ነ ው? 1. አ ማራ
. 2. ኦሮሞ
3. ትግሬ
4. ጉራጌ
88. ሌላ ካለ ይገ ለጽ/ _______ /
105 የ ምትማሪ /ርበት ትምህረ ት ቤት 1. የ መን ግሰት
. 2. የ ሃ ይማኖት ተቋም
106 የ ስንተኛ ክፍል ተማሪ ነ ሽ/ህ? 1. 9ኛ ክፍል
2. 10ኛ ክፍል
3. 11ኛ ክፍል
4. 12ኛ ክፍል
107 በአ ሁኑ ወቅት የ ጋብቻ ሁኔታሽ/ህ 1. የ ትዳር አጋር አለኝ
. ምን ድን ነ ው? 2. የ ትዳር አጋር የ ለኝም
3. ከትዳር አጋሬ ተፋትቻለ ሁ
4. የ ትዳር አጋሬ በህይዎት የ ለ ም/ችም
5. ሌላ ካለ
ይገ ለጽ/ ________ /
108 በአ ሁኑ ጊዜ ስራ አለሽ/ህ ወይ? 1. አዎ
2. የ ለኝም
109 የ ተ.ቁ. 107 መልስሽ/ህ አዎ 1. የ ቤት ሰራተኝነ ት
ከሆነ በዋና ነ ት የ ምትሰሪው/ራው 2. የ መን ግሰት መ/ቤት ስራ
ስራ ምን ድነ ው? 3. አነ ስተኛ ን ግድ
4. የ ቀን ሰራተኛ
5. በዎሲብ ንግድ (ሴተኛ አዳሪነ ት)
88. ሌላ ካለ ይገ ለጽ/ _______ /

33
110 በምትሰሪ ው/ራው ስራ አ ማካኝ የ ወር 1. _ ________ ብር
ገ ቢሽ/ህ ስንት ነ ው? 2. መግለጽ አልፈልግም
111 የ ቤተሰብ አማካኝ የ ወር ገ ቢ መጠን 1. __________ ብር
በቤተሰብ ቁጥር ሲካ ፈል ስን ት ነ ው? 2. አላ ውቀውም/መግለጽ አልፈልግም
112 በአ ሁኑ ጊዜ የ ሚኖሩት ከማን ጋር 1. ከቤተሰቦቼ ጋር
ነ ው?
2. ከዘ መድጋር
3. ለብቻዬ
4. ከጓ ደኛ ጋር
5. ከአሰሪዎቸ ጋር
88. ሌላ ካለ ይገ ለጽ/ _ /
ክፍል የ ወሲብተ ጋላጭነ ት ባህርያት የ ተመለ ከቱ መጠይቆች
2
201 በህይወት ዘ መንሽ/ህ 1. አዎ
ወሲብ 2. አልፈፀ ምኩም
ፈጽመሽ /ህ ታውቂያለ ሽ/ህ ወይ?
202 የ ተ.ቁ 201 መልስ ሽ አዎ ከሆነ _ ______ ዓመት
ለ መጀመሪ ያ ጊዜ ግብረስጋ ግንኙነ ት
የ ፈፀ ምሽው/ከው በስንት ዓመትሽ
/ህ ነ ው?
203 ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ ግብረ ስጋ ግንኙነ ት 1. ከትዳር አጋሬ
የ ፈፀ ምሽው/ከው ከማን ጋር ነ በር? 2. ከዎንድ/ሴት ጓ ደኛዬ
3. በአጋጣሚ ከተዋወኩተ/ኳት ሰው
4. ከ ሴተኛ አዳሪ ጋር (ለዎን ዶች የ ቀረበ
አ ማራጭ)
5. በእ ድሜ ብዙ ከሚበልጠኝ /ከ ምትበ
ልጠኝ
88. ሌላ ካለ ይገ
ለጽ/___________ /
204 ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ ግብረ ስጋ ግንኙነ ት 1. ስላ ገ ባሁ
ለ መፈፀም የ ገ ፋፋሽ ዋነ ኛ ምክንያ 2. አፍቅሬ
ት ምን ድን ነ ው? 3. ለ መሞከር
4. ተገ ድጄ/ተደፍሬ
5. ገ ን ዘብ /ስ ጦታ ለማግኘት

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 6. በአቻ ግፊት
7. በ መጠጥ፣ጫት፣አደን ዛዥ እጽ ተገ
ፋፍቼ
88. ሌላ ካለ ይገ
ለጽ/___________ /
205 ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ ግብረ ስጋ ግንኙነ ት 1. አዎ
ስትፈጽሚ ኮንዶም ተጠቅመሽ/ህነ በር 2. አልተጠቀምኩም
ዎይ?
206 ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ ግብረ ስጋ ግንኙነ ት 1. ከእኔ ይበልጣል/ትበ ልጣለ ች
የ ፈፀ ምሽው/ከው ሰው የ እድሜ ሁኔ 2. ከእኔ ያ ንሳ ል/ታንሳ ለች
ታ? 3. ከእኔ እ ኩያ ይሆናል/ትሆናለች
207 የ ተ.ቁ. 206 መለስሽ/ህ 1 ወይም __ _ ዓመት
2 ከ ሆነ ልዩ ነ ታችሁ በአ ማከኝ ስን
ት ዓመት ይሆና ል?
208 በህይወት ዘ መንሽ/ህስን ት የ ወሲብ
ጓ ደኛ ነ በረሽ/ህ? __ _ ጓ ደኛ
209 በአለፈው አንድ ዓመት 1. አዎ
ወሲብ 2. አልፈፀ ምኩም
ፈጽመሽ /ህ ታውቂያለ ሽ/ህ ወይ?
210 የ ተ.ቁ. 210 አዎ ከሆነ ግብረ 1. ከትዳር አጋሬ
ስጋ ግንኙነ ት የ ፈፀ ምሽው/ከው ከ 2. ከዎንድ/ሴት ጓ ደኛዬ
ማን ጋር ነ በር? 3. በአጋጣሚ ከተዋወኩት/ኳት ሰው
4. ከሴተኛ አዳሪ ጋር (ለዎን ዶች የ ቀረበ
አ ማራጭ)
5. በእ ድሜ ከገ ፋ ሰው ጋር
88. ሌላ ካለ ይገ
ለጽ/_ _____________ /
211 በአለፈው አን ድ ዓመትግብረ ስጋ 1. አዎ
ግን ኙነ ት ስትፈጽሚ ኮን 2. አልተጠቀምኩም
ዶም ተጠቅመሽ /ህ ነ በር ዎይ?
ክፍል3 የ ወሲብ አጋለጭ ሁኔ ታዎች
301 አልኮልነ ት ያላ ቸውን (ጠላ፣ አረቂ፣ 1. አዎ
ጠጅ፣ ወይን፣ ቢራና የ መሳሰሉ) 2. አልጠጣሁም

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 አን ቺ/ አን ተ ወይም የ ወሲብ
ጓ ደኛሽ/ህ መጠጦችን ጠጥታችሁ
ታውቃላችሁ ወይ?
302 ከጠጣሽ/ህ በኋላ ወሲብ ፈፅ ማችኋል 1. አዎ
ዎይ? 2. አልፈፀ ምኩም
303 አን ቺ/ አን ተ ወይም የ ወሲብ 1. አዎ
ጓ ደኛሽ/ህ ትምባሆ/ሲጋራ አጭሰሽ/ህ 2. አ ላ ጨስ ኩም
ታውቂያ ለሽ/ህ ወይ?
304 ከአ ጨስ ሽ/ህ በ ኋላ ወሲብ ፈፅ ማችኋል 1. አዎ
ዎይ? 2. አልፈፀ ምኩም
305 አን ቺ/ አን ተ ወይም የ ወሲብ 1. አዎ አ ልቃምኩም
ከ ሆነ ወደ
ጓ ደኛሽ/ህ ጫት ቅመሽ/ህ 2. አልቃምኩም ተ.ቁ. 307

ታውቂያ ለሽ/ህ ወይ?

306 ከቃምሽ/ህ በኋላ ወሲብ ፈፅ ማችኋል 1. አዎ
ዎይ? 2. አልፈፀ ምኩም
307 አንቺ/ አን ተ ወይም የ ወሲብ 1. አዎ
ጓ ደኛሽ/ህ ሺሻ አጭሰሽ/ህ 2. አ ላ ጨስ ኩም
ታውቂያለሽ/ህወይ?
308 ከአ ጨስ ሽ/ህ በ ኋላ ወሲብ ፈፅ ማችኋል 1. አዎ
ዎይ? 2. አልፈፀ ምኩም
309 አን ቺ/ አን ተ ወይም የ ወሲብ 1. አዎ
ጓ ደኛሽ/ህ ወሲብ ቀስቃሽ ፊልሞችን 2. አላ የ ሁም
ወይም ምስሎችን አይተሽ ታውቂያ
ለሽ ወይ?
310 ከአ ጨስ ሽ/ህ በ ኋላ ወሲብ ፈፅ ማችኋል 1. አዎ
ዎይ? 2. አልፈፀ ምኩም
311 አን ቺ/ አን ተ ወይም የ ወሲብ 1. አዎ
ጓ ደኛሽ/ህ የ ቀን ወይም የ ምሽት 2. አልገ ባሁም
ጭፈራ ቤቶች ገ ብተሽ ታውቂያ ለሽ
ወይ?
312 ከአ ጨስ ሽ/ህ በ ኋላ ወሲብ ፈፅ ማችኋል 1. አዎ

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 ዎይ? 2. አልፈፀ ምኩም

ውድ ጊዜሽ/ህን ሰውተሽ/ህ ለጥያ ቄው ለሰ ጠሽኝ/ህኝ ምላሽ ከልብ አመሰ ግና ለሁ!

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