This document provides specifications for quench hardening and tempering carbon, alloy, martensitic stainless, and tool steel parts. It outlines the applicable documents, definitions, specifications, heat treatment process which involves heating, quenching, and tempering to achieve the required properties, and specifies mechanical properties and microstructure requirements for hardened materials. The heat treatment process transforms the microstructure to austenite during heating, causes martensitic transformation during quenching, and achieves the final properties through tempering.
This document provides specifications for quench hardening and tempering carbon, alloy, martensitic stainless, and tool steel parts. It outlines the applicable documents, definitions, specifications, heat treatment process which involves heating, quenching, and tempering to achieve the required properties, and specifies mechanical properties and microstructure requirements for hardened materials. The heat treatment process transforms the microstructure to austenite during heating, causes martensitic transformation during quenching, and achieves the final properties through tempering.
This document provides specifications for quench hardening and tempering carbon, alloy, martensitic stainless, and tool steel parts. It outlines the applicable documents, definitions, specifications, heat treatment process which involves heating, quenching, and tempering to achieve the required properties, and specifies mechanical properties and microstructure requirements for hardened materials. The heat treatment process transforms the microstructure to austenite during heating, causes martensitic transformation during quenching, and achieves the final properties through tempering.
This document provides specifications for quench hardening and tempering carbon, alloy, martensitic stainless, and tool steel parts. It outlines the applicable documents, definitions, specifications, heat treatment process which involves heating, quenching, and tempering to achieve the required properties, and specifies mechanical properties and microstructure requirements for hardened materials. The heat treatment process transforms the microstructure to austenite during heating, causes martensitic transformation during quenching, and achieves the final properties through tempering.
Standards Engineering Standard Number Name HARDENED AND TEMPERED
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 70315
Identifier (HARDENED,THROUGH)
1. Scope This specification covers a process for quench hardening and tempering carbon, alloy, martensitic stainless and tool steel parts.
This specification is used in conjunction with CES 70314 (Heat Treatment, General).
2. Applicable Documents Applicable documents listed below may be obtained from the respective organizations listed in CES 10054, Standards Organizations Addresses.
a. CES 10054, Standards Organizations Addresses
b. CES 10056, Glossary c. CES 70314, Heat Treatment, General
3. Definitions Terms used in this standard that have a general definition for usage in Cummins Engineering Standards are defined in CES 10056, Glossary.
Heat Treatment
Terms used in this specification that are specific to heat treating are defined in CES 70314.
4. Specifications 4.1. Significance and Use
4.1.1. This specification covers requirements for quench hardening and tempering carbon, alloy, martensitic stainless and tool steel parts.
4.1.2. CES 70314 is a requirement of this specification.
4.1.3. This specification is primarily intended for, but not limited to, fuel system applications.
Current Release Number Std. Revision Level
182020-069 005 Page 1 of 7 CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc. Engineering Standards Engineering Standard Number Name HARDENED AND TEMPERED
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 70315
Identifier (HARDENED,THROUGH)
4.1.4. Required Drawing Notation
This specification shall not be used unless the engineering drawing defines the following requirement: Hardness range
4.1.5. Optional Drawing Notations
The following supplemental requirements shall apply only if they are called out or defined on the engineering drawing:
a. Maximum retained austenite limit other than 15%
b. Vacuum or Inert atmosphere required c. Double or triple temper required d. Cold or cryogenic treatment required e. Minimum tempering temperature f. Martensitic grain size (fine or coarse) g. Microstructure other than predominately Martensite
4.2. Heat Treatment
4.2.1. Process Summary
Parts processed in accordance with this specification shall be heated to an appropriate temperature and for a sufficient time, to transform the microstructure of all the material to austenite. The parts shall then be quenched to room temperature in a media that will cool the parts rapidly enough to cause the necessary martensitic transformation, and then the parts shall be tempered by heating to a temperature, to produce the required properties. Cold treating, cryogenic treatment or multiple tempers may also be employed.
Current Release Number Std. Revision Level
182020-069 005 Page 2 of 7 CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc. Engineering Standards Engineering Standard Number Name HARDENED AND TEMPERED
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 70315
Identifier (HARDENED,THROUGH)
(Ref. The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel, 8th Edition, United States Steel, 1964)
Figure 1: Representation of a Typical Quench and Temper Process Cycle
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182020-069 005 Page 3 of 7 CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc. Engineering Standards Engineering Standard Number Name HARDENED AND TEMPERED
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 70315
Identifier (HARDENED,THROUGH)
4.2.2. General Requirements
Heat treatment shall conform to the requirements specified herein and to the requirements of CES 70314.
4.2.3. Prior Condition
Prior to heat treatment, parts shall be either normalized, annealed or quench hardened and tempered to a hardness not greater than 35 HRC.
4.2.4. Deep-Freezing
When parts are cold or cryogenic treated, they shall be protected from flash rusting. Deep frozen parts shall be tempered within two hours of warming to room temperature.
4.2.5. Tempering
Hardened parts shall be tempered directly after quenching (washing included) unless otherwise approved by the cognizant Engineering Organization. If hardened parts cannot be tempered within two hour of quenching, they shall be given an intermin (snap) temper for two hours at a temperature that is lower than the final tempering temperature but not less than 150 °C [302 °F]. Interim tempered parts shall receive final tempering before delivery to the finished part supplier.
Current Release Number Std. Revision Level
182020-069 005 Page 4 of 7 CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc. Engineering Standards Engineering Standard Number Name HARDENED AND TEMPERED
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 70315
Identifier (HARDENED,THROUGH)
XXX° C
200° C
Room Temp
-88° C Per 4.2.5 - 2 Hours 4.2.4 - 2 Hours Austenitizing Quench Tempering Control Deep Freeze Tempering Max Max Plan
Figure 2: Temperature Profile Sheet
4.3. Mechanical Properties
The hardness of finished components shall be as specified on the engineering drawing. Unless otherwise specified, the hardness on the drawing applies to the entire section thickness as well as all exterior surfaces of the component.
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MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 70315
Identifier (HARDENED,THROUGH)
4.4. Microstructure
4.4.1. Core Microstructure
Quench hardened and tempered material shall have a uniform matrix microstructure of fine tempered martensite, unless otherwise specified on the engineering drawing. Alloys with carbon content greater than 0.8 weight percent may contain uniformly dispersed carbides. Some martensitic stainless steels (e.g. 440C) may also contain primary carbides dispersed in a matrix of tempered martensite. Continuous grain boundary carbide networks and non-martensite decomposition products (e.g. ferrite, pearlite, bainite, etc.) are not permitted unless otherwise specified by the engineering drawing.
4.4.2. Retained Austenite
Retained austenite shall be 15% maximum, unless otherwise specified on the engineering drawing.
4.4.3. Intergranular Oxidation (IGO)
When vacuum or inert atmosphere is specified, parts shall be free of IGO. In all other cases, the depth of the IGO penetration from the surface shall not exceed 0.025 mm [0.001 in.].
4.4.4. Surface Contamination
Partial carburization, decarburization or nitriding shall be cause for rejection if the hardness at a depth of 0.05 mm [0.002 in.] varies from the average core hardness by more than 3 points HRC (converted from Knoop hardness using a 500 gram load). Core hardness shall be defined as the average of three or more micro-hardness measurements taken at a depth of 2.5 mm [0.100 in.]. 4.5. Quality and Workmanship
Parts shall be free of defects and handling damage (e.g. quench cracks, heat treat scale, rust, dents, deformation, etc.) which are detrimental to usage or performance of the part.
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182020-069 005 Page 6 of 7 CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc. Engineering Standards Engineering Standard Number Name HARDENED AND TEMPERED
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 70315
Identifier (HARDENED,THROUGH)
4.6. Quality Assurance
4.6.1. Acceptance Tests
Tests to determine heat treat lot conformance to the finished part requirements shall include at least one part per lot of the following: (unless approved by the cognizant engineering and quality organization).
a. Hardness b. Microstructure c. Quality and workmanship
4.6.2. General Requirements
Process control requirements, responsibility for inspection, sampling, test methods, approval, records and reports shall be in accordance with CES 70314.
4.7. Preparation for Delivery
Preparation for delivery shall be in accordance with CES 70314.
5. Reference Readings The following references were used in the preparation of this standard.
a. CES 16705, Inspection, Bainite Microstructure
b. The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel, 8th Edition, United States Steel, 1964
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