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    HGF432 Kuliah 1 Systems Thinking SCP

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    Atiqah Al
    1. The document discusses the concept of systems thinking and persistent problems that arise from feedback effects across sectors. 2. It provides an example of how commercial fishing can interact with the marine ecosystem in unintended ways. 3. Systems thinking is important because feedback systems can react unexpectedly to interventions, and problems emerge from interactions between parts rather than the parts themselves. Addressing the whole system is needed.

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    HGF432 Kuliah 1 Systems Thinking SCP

    Uploaded by

    Atiqah Al
    58 views35 pages
    1. The document discusses the concept of systems thinking and persistent problems that arise from feedback effects across sectors. 2. It provides an example of how commercial fishing can interact with the marine ecosystem in unintended ways. 3. Systems thinking is important because feedback systems can react unexpectedly to interventions, and problems emerge from interactions between parts rather than the parts themselves. Addressing the whole system is needed.

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    HGF432 Kuliah 1 Systems Thinking SCP

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    1. The document discusses the concept of systems thinking and persistent problems that arise from feedback effects across sectors. 2. It provides an example of how commercial fishing can interact with the marine ecosystem in unintended ways. 3. Systems thinking is important because feedback systems can react unexpectedly to interventions, and problems emerge from interactions between parts rather than the parts themselves. Addressing the whole system is needed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    58 views35 pages

    HGF432 Kuliah 1 Systems Thinking SCP

    Uploaded by

    Atiqah Al
    1. The document discusses the concept of systems thinking and persistent problems that arise from feedback effects across sectors. 2. It provides an example of how commercial fishing can interact with the marine ecosystem in unintended ways. 3. Systems thinking is important because feedback systems can react unexpectedly to interventions, and problems emerge from interactions between parts rather than the parts themselves. Addressing the whole system is needed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 35

    HGF432 ALAM SEKITAR LESTARI

    DR. ASYIRAH ABDUL RAHIM

    1
    We lead

    PEMIKIRAN SISTEM
    (SYSTEMS THINKING)

    2
    The Ragweed Problem
    We lead

    • A problem from the 1950s.

    • Rachael Carson 1962 Silent Spring, page 80.

    • “Ragweed, the bane of hay fever sufferers,


    offers an interesting example of the way that
    efforts to control nature sometimes
    boomerang.”
    3
    We lead

    4
    We lead

    But, this action leads to more ragweed next


    year. Why? 5
    We lead

    Prevalence
    + of allergies

    B +
    Extent of infestation Extent of spraying
    by Annual Ragweed - with broad-spectrum
    (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) herbicides
    + R
    Extent of -
    Area of bare
    ground perennial
    vegetation
    - cover
    6
    The Freeway Trap
    We lead

    7
    The Freeway Trap
    We lead

    8
    Persistent Problems We lead

    “… in our view, the persistence of so many of the problems


    facing humankind in the modern world is to a large extent
    due to the excessive compartmentalisation, fragmentation,
    and specialism which are so characteristic of education,
    research and government today.”

    Boyden et al. (1981), xiii. Emphasis added.

    9
    We lead

    Persistent Problems
    “There is an urgent need for more intellectual effort aimed at
    improving knowledge and understanding of the patterns of
    interplay between different cultural and natural processes in
    human situations, and of the principles relevant to this
    interplay.”

    Boyden et al. (1981), xiii. Emphasis added.

    10
    Persistent Problems We lead

    Persistent (or stubborn) problems can result from feedback


    effects. Such problems cannot be solved by silo thinking –
    they need a ‘systems approach’. This requires attention to
    two sets of critical interactions:
    • The cross-sector feedback interactions that can cause
    unwanted outcomes.
    • The quality of the communication between people with
    different views of the problem.

    11
    Cross-Sector Feedback We lead

    12
    We lead

    Cross-Sector Feedback
    13
    Systems Thinking We lead

    Why is systems thinking important?


    • Feedback systems can react to policy interventions in surprising
    ways. This is true even in systems that have simple structures.
    • Systems Principle
    • In a complex system all actions can produce expected and
    unexpected outcomes. The expected outcomes may or may not
    occur; unexpected outcomes always occur.

    14
    We lead

    Systems Principle
    • The behaviour of a social-ecological system emerges from
    feedback interactions between its parts.

    • Therefore, you cannot improve the behaviour of such a system


    by working to improve the performance of the parts taken
    separately. You must work on the whole system.

    Systems Thinking
    15
    The Complexity Dilemma
    We lead

    1. A feedback system is a set of parts (elements, actors) that interact to


    constrain each other’s behaviour.

    2. Problematic behaviour in such a system typically emerges from the


    interactions (interplay) between its parts.

    3. Therefore, you can’t solve the problem by changing one or more of


    the parts taken in isolation (silo thinking).

    4. You have to take account of the system as a whole.

    5. But, when you try to do this, you are overwhelmed by the complexity
    of the system. It seems that there is no practical way to take a systems
    approach.
    We lead

    • Example of social system – ecosystem interaction


    – Destruction of marine animals by commercial fishing

    http://www.gerrymarten.com/human-ecology/images/01-1-english.jpg
    Beza antara Loop R dan B We lead
    Mod asas kelakuan sistem We lead
    Pertumbuhan Eksponential We lead

    • Pertumbuhan eksponential terbentuk


    daripada putaran pengukuhan (reinforcing)
    We lead

    • Cooking fuel and deforestration in India

    http://www.gerrymarten.com/human-ecology/images/01-1-english.jpg
    We lead

    • Chain of effects through social system and ecosystem when biofuel generators are
    introduced to villages

    http://www.gerrymarten.com/human-ecology/images/01-1-english.jpg
    We lead

    SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND


    PRODUCTION
    We lead
    DEFINITION OF SCP We lead

    “the use of goods and services that respond to basic needs


    and bring a better quality of life, while minimizing the use
    of natural resources, toxic materials and emissions of
    waste and pollutants over the life cycle, so as not to
    jeopardize the needs of future generations”

    The Oslo Ministerial Roundtable Conference on SCP, 1994

    Source: EPU, 2013 25


    DEFINITION OF SCP We lead

    SCP is
    “efforts by various stakeholders in achieving
    environmental quality through efficient utilization of
    natural resources, minimization of wastes, and
    optimization of products and services”

    World Business Council for Sustainable Development

    Source: EPU, 2013 26


    We lead

    SCP is a holistic approach that encompasses the triple bottom


    line of sustainable development, focusing on increasing
    efficiency and preventing unnecessary wastage of resources.

    “more and better with less”


    - Reducing resource use
    - Reducing degradation and pollution along the life cycle of
    goods and services
    - Enhance the quality of life and well-being for all

    Source: EPU, 2013


    We lead

    • Despite recent improvements in resource


    efficiency, developed countries economies
    continue to be based on resource-intensive
    consumption and production patterns,
    therefore, increasing the use of resources.
    We lead

    Source: EPU, 2013


    We lead

    • Local Agenda 21 states that achieving sustainable


    development will require both efficiency in the
    production process as well as changes in
    consumption patterns
    – Use of alternative energy sources such as renewable
    energy
    – Reducing waste through reduce, reuse and recycle
    practices
    – Providing environmentally related product information
    such as green labelling
    – Raising consumers’ awareness programmes
    30
    We lead

    31
    Source: EPU, 2013
    Changing production patterns We lead

    Supply side of life cycle

    Source: EPU, 2013


    Changing Consumption Patterns We lead

    Demand side of life cycle

    33
    Source: EPU, 2013
    Life Cycle Thinking We lead

    34
    Source: EPU, 2013
    We lead

    • From linear to cycle

    35

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