The Fine Arts

THE FINE ARTS
Fine arts refer to art created or performed mainly for its aesthetic value and its beauty rather than
its utilitarian value.
VISUAL ARTS
Prehistoric rock and cave paintings are the earliest known examples of visual art in England,
most famously in North Yorkshire, Northumberland, Cumbria, and as far south as at Creswell
Crags. Roman culture spread to Britain in the first century, and many art forms using statues,
busts, glass, and mosaics became the norm. Many artifacts survive to this day, such as those at
Lullingstone and Aldborough. During the Early Middle Ages, the style favored crosses and
sculpted ivory, manuscript paintings, gold, and enamel jewelry, indicating a preference for
intricate, interwoven designs such as those found in the Staffordshire burial vaults discovered by
Staffordshire. in 2009. Some of them blend Gaelic and English styles, such as the Lindisfarne
Manual and Vespasian Hymnal. Gothic art was later popularized at Winchester and Canterbury,
with artifacts remaining in the St. Æthelwold and the Luttrell Hymnal.
The Tudor period featured prominent court artists, and portraiture remained a permanent part of
English art, made famous by the German Hans Holbein and native artists such as Nicholas
Hilliard. Under the Stuart family, continental European artists influenced Britain, especially the
Flemish (now Dutch-speaking Belgium) - artists representing this period include Anthony van
Dyck, Peter Lely, Godfrey Kneller, and William Dobson. The eighteenth century was a pivotal
period when the Royal Academy was founded, and Renaissance-based classicism prevailed—
Thomas Gainsborough and Joshua Reynolds became two of Britain's most treasured artists.
The Norwich School continued the landscape tradition, while the Pre-Raphael Brothers, whose
profound and detailed style restored early Renaissance style, included leaders Holman Hunt,
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, and John Everett Millais. The prominent artist of the twentieth century
was Henry Moore, who is considered to be the voice of British sculpture, and of British
modernism in general. Contemporary artists include Lucian Freud whose work Benefits
Supervisor Sleeping in 2008 set a world record for the price of a painting by a living artist.
21ST CENTURY CONTEMPORARY ART.
The British contemporary art scene is one of the most exciting in the world with a vast range of
styles and mediums of original drawings and paintings as well as hand coloured engravings and
screen prints.
Since the mid-1990s, Britain has been at the center of the international art world. The root of this
was arguably the emergence of the Young British Artists (YBAs), first identified through
Damien Hirst’s 1988 "Freeze" show and internationally recognized via the Royal Academy’s
"Sensation" exhibition (which subsequently traveled to the Brooklyn Museum). Countless artists
and art movements have followed the energy and influence of this initial group, which included
Hirst, Gary Hume, and Tracey Emin, and whose practices are generally characterized by a fusion
of Minimalism and Conceptualism with “sensational” content.
LONDON – CLASSIC BEAUTY MIXING COMPETENT CONDITIONAL VOICE.
London is also the cathedral of contemporary art. "London's big downside is that art is
everywhere," this humorous statement is very true for art lovers who have been bewildered by so
many options. With a list of more than 300 museums and galleries and numerous musical
theatres, London is virtually the mecca of contemporary art. The theaters here are hundreds of
years old with splendid classical sculpture architecture. You can go to the Royal Opera House to
watch a ballet. If you're lucky, you'll get to see Swan Lake, performed twice a year, or see ballet
dancers from other world-renowned troupes perform. Coming to Her Majesty's Theater, you will
immerse in the mysterious atmosphere of The Phantom of the Opera. In addition, new artists
have rebuilt the famous musical Miss Saigon, performed since 2015 at the Prince Edward
Theatre. Every night the stage in London is still lit up as it was hundreds of years ago, with
performances of concerts, plays, contemporary or classical dances, giving millions of spectators
magical emotions.
SCULPTURE.
British sculpture has three-dimensional art made by one of four basic processes: carving,
modelling, casting, constructing.
CARVING
Carving is a sculptural technique that involves using tools to shape a form by cutting or scraping
away from a solid material such as stone, wood, ivory or bone.
CASTING
Casting involves making a mould and then pouring a liquid material, such as molten metal,
plastic, rubber or fibreglass into the mould. A cast is a form made by this process. Many
sculptures are produced by the artist modelling a form (normally in clay, wax or plaster). This is
then used to to create a mould to cast from. A mould can be cast more than once, allowing artists
to create editions of an artwork.
MODELLING
Modelling is an additive process. This means a soft material is worked by the artist to build up a
shape or form (rather than scraping or material away as in carving). Also unlike carving, soft
materials such as clay and wax can be changed and reworked. Modelling a maquette can also
often be the first step in the creation of a finished sculpture.
CONSTRUCTING AND ASSEMBLING
In the twentieth century a new way of making sculpture emerged with the cubist constructions of
Picasso. These were still life subjects made from scrap (found) materials glued together.
Constructed sculpture in various forms became a major stream in modern art, including in
movements such as constructivism or techniques like assemblage. Artists have used techniques
including bending, folding, stitching, welding, bolting, tying, weaving, and balancing to
construct sculptures from a wide variety of materials and found objects.
Besides, London does a fine line in public sculpture, from giants of art history like Barbara
Hepworth and Eduardo Paolozzi all the way through to a park filled with reptilian weirdos in
following lists:
1. Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins, ‘Crystal Palace Dinosaurs’, 1854
2. Yinka Shonibare, ‘Nelson’s Ship in a Bottle’, 2010

3. Alex Chinneck, ‘A Bullet from a Shooting Star’, 2014
4. Barbara Hepworth, ‘Winged Figure’, 1963
5. Edwin Landseer, Trafalgar Square lions, 1867

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THE FINE ARTS

21ST CENTURY CONTEMPORARY ART.

LONDON – CLASSIC BEAUTY MIXING COMPETENT CONDITIONAL VOICE.

CONSTRUCTING AND ASSEMBLING

1. Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins, ‘Crystal Palace Dinosaurs’, 1854

2. Yinka Shonibare, ‘Nelson’s Ship in a Bottle’, 2010

4. Barbara Hepworth, ‘Winged Figure’, 1963

5. Edwin Landseer, Trafalgar Square lions, 1867

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