MODULE WEEK NO.

5-6
TAGOLOAN Community College
Baluarte, Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental
Tel.No. (08822)740-835/(088)5671-215

College/Department : Education/social studies

COURSE Code : SSE 3
Course Name : URBAN GEOGRAPHY
1st Semester of A.Y. 2022-2023

Introduction

Intercultural is a way of looking at the cultural variety that extends beyond equal opportunity and
respect for existing ethnic and cultural differences, to transform urban and public places into pluralist
settings. In practice the means appreciating the value of diversity and the right of people from many
cultures to contribute to the construction of common identity characterized by diversity pluralism, and
respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Thus, spatial differentiation intertwined with
intercultural which has utmost humane besides diversity.
COURSE MODULE

Rationale

 The diversity and spatial differentiation in the City

 The political , economic , cultural , and social factors underlying the city movements of
people
Intended Learning Outcomes
A. Explain the diversity and spatial differentiation in the City; and
B. Analyse the political, economic, cultural, and social factors underlying the city
movements of people.
Activity

 Lecture/ discussion
 Term Paper

Discussion

MODULE 3 :

Topic: DIVERSITY and SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION IN THE CITY

1. Movement and Settlement in the City

2. Political, economic, cultural and social factors of city movements and settlement

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Urban planning and settlements City beautiful Movements

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The World Urban Population Urban Sprawl

LINKING SOCIAL IDEALS TO THE SPATIAL FORM OF CITIES

 That social evolution is closely tied to material culture is hardly questioned, neither
that a critical part of material culture is constituted by buildings and in extension
different forms of urban agglomerations. Hence, this paper departs from an
understanding where societies by necessity evolve in close conjunction with spatial
patterns structured by built form, that is, societies need cities to establish and support
themselves and depending on the built form and the spatial structure of cities this will
be more or less successful. Hence, it is also understood that the form that we choose to
give our cities is a political act and in extension that urban planning and design is a
political instrument. This does not imply a physical determinism, but rather rests on the
argument that spatial form conditions human agency to the same degree as social
institutions, cultural norms and political discourse. This also makes it clear that there is
not only one force that shapes social evolution, but many. Having said that, it is the
variable of spatial form that will be addressed here.

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 However, while there may be general agreement about a relation between society and
the spatial form of cities, the actual mechanisms connecting spatial form and political
agendas are seldom worked out in detail or formalised in any rigorous sense. Rather,
the politics of urban development is generally treated in much broader terms, such as:
numbers of housing units, extensions of public transport or protections of green areas.
The actual form of the city, how it distributes people and resources in urban space, and
how this creates inequalities, segregation and denial of cultural expression, is rarely
formally captured. Since what is structured and shaped in urban planning and design is
land-use and the spatial form of cities, this is most unfortunate, given the social
challenges currently presented by migration, multiculturality and growing inequality in
European cities.

 In the effort to demonstrate the possibility of more precisely worked out links of this
kind, this article will, on the one hand, address the idea of multiculturalism and
COURSE MODULE

especially how it has been expressed in public policy, such as The Future of Multi-
ethnic Britain (Parekh, 2000), where, importantly, the aim not is to argue for or against
multiculturalism or any particular take on cultural diversity – which here is
acknowledged as a contested and debated ideal that we do not aim to enter. On the
contrary, the finer disputes in this field will be avoided in preference for a more broad
conception of the idea, since the concern here not is the idea of multiculturalism in
itself, but rather how a political concept of more or less any kind more precisely may
be translated into and be supported by the spatial form of cities. On the other hand, the
article will look into new developments in theory and methodology of spatial
morphology known as space syntax research that directly addresses the relation
between spatial form and society (Hillier & Hanson, 1984). The built form of cities is
in this research direction conceived of as inherently social in itself – as soon as
inhabited by people that is – since cities are artefacts shaped in accordance with human
activity, why they in return also condition human agency.

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 MODULE WEEK NO.5-6
1. Movement and Settlement in the City
COURSE MODULE

2. Political, Economic, Cultural and Social Factors of city Movements and settlement

 Diversity not only allows different kinds of people to come together, but it also brings in
various functions into a city, consequently enhancing globalization. The concept of a real
differentiation argues that the surface of the earth can be divided into various regions on the
basis of spatial arrangements of the phenomena over a piece of land.

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 10 Examples DIVERSITY and SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION IN THE CITY
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Why do people move to cities

 Push
 Pull
 Lack of job
 Boredom
 Few educational opportunities
 Career Opportunities
 Culture
 Educational Opportunities

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 Urbanization Transformation of a society from a rural to an urban one
 .Urban population - Persons living in cities or towns of 2,500 or more residents.
 Urbanized area - One or more places and the adjacent densely populated surrounding
area that together have a minimum population of 50,000.
 Mega-cities - Cities with 10 million residents or more.

 Urban dominance in the developed world became apparent in the first half of the 20th
century. The second half of this century has seen tremendous growth in the cities of
the developing world. Humanity has become a largely urban species and the trend
strengthens with every passing year.

 Urban growth rates are much faster than population growth rates as a whole. In
developing countries the overall rate is 1.9%, but the urban growth rate for cities is
around 3.5%.The World Resources Institute estimates that for every 1% increase in
national population brings a 1.7% growth in urban population.

Suburbanization Suburbs, urban areas surrounding central cities

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 As city residents left the city to live in the suburbs, cities experienced deconcentration,
the redistribution of the population from cities to suburbs and surrounding areas.

 Metropolitan Growth and Urban Sprawl

 The growth of metropolitan areas is often referred to as urban sprawl—the ever
increasing outward growth of urban areas. Urban sprawl results in the loss of green
open spaces, the displacement and endangerment of wildlife, traffic congestion and
noise, and pollution liabilities.

ADVANTAGES DISDAVANTAGES

1. There are often roads of a better quality 1. High automobile ownership

and well-built houses in urban areas

2. Transport Facilities are highly 2. • High proportion of non-white to total

developed and often receive regular population
funding for updates. It can be foster to
get form place to place in a city or town
3. High income level 3. Large size (population) of urban area

4. Hospitals and clinics are close by for 4. • Low degree of concentration of the
easy access to healthcare or aid and metropolitan area’s manufacturing employment
emergency. in the central city

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5. Greater number of jobs available in 5. • Low quality (in terms of condition and
urban area plumbing facilities) of housing in the central
city
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Exercise
( Please use another short size bond paper font size 11 single space )

Positive 1.________________
impacts 2.________________
3.________________
4.________________
MOVEMENT AND 5.________________
SETTLEMENT IN THE
CITY Negative

Aspects
1.___________________
2.__________________
3.__________________
4.__________________
5.__________________
Send: GOOGLE CLASSROOM

Assessment
( Please use another short size bond paper font size 11 single space )

Term Paper:
 Locate information on the ways in which immigrants have spatially located and the reasons
behind the transfer in the city. Specifically look into the correlation of economic factors’ and
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migration from provinces into the cities.

Send: GOOGLE CLASSROOM

Reflection
( Please use another short size bond paper font size 11 single space )

 How are identities and space connected?

Explain :___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________.

Send: GOOGLE CLASSROOM

Resources and Additional Resources

 https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1379522/FULLTEXT01.pdf ASSRJ-Vol6-
Issue8-Aug 2019.docx
 https://firstperson.oxfamamerica.o rg/17-books-that-will-change-yourperspective-about-poverty-
thisyear
 https://opportunity.org/learn/lists/ 11-books-about-poverty-anddevelopment#.YU310WkRV6E
 https://www.routledge.com/Unruly -Cities-Order Disorder/BrookMooneyPile/p/

Additional Resources:

 www.ERICK.COM
 www.researchgate.com
 www.prezi.com
 www.Acdemia.com