HAND BLOCK PRINTING

AND
HAND SCREEN PRINTING
-MEWT

-Y.NAVINA
ROLL NO-33
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I sincerely thank my faculty MS.SRIVANI madam for

Making this subject more clear and giving more information
Regarding material science and dyeing techniques.
Many people especially my classmates have made valuable
comment suggestions on my paper which gave me aspiration to
improve the
Assignment.
THANKYOU
CONTENTS
HANDBLOCK PRINTING
 INTRODUCTION
 ORIGIN
 TECHNIQUES OF BLOCK PRINTING
 METHOD OR PROCESS
 PARAMETERS
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
HANDSCREEN PRINTING
 INTRODUCTION
 ORIGIN
 METHOD OR PROCESS
 PARAMETERS
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 HAND BLOCK PRINTING
INTRODUCTION:
 Hand Block Printing on textiles refers to the technique by which carved wooden
blocks covered with dye are repeatedly pressed along a length of cloth to create
patterns.
 The beginnings of the art of ornamenting textile fabrics by the stamping or printing
on of coloured designs are lost in antiquity.
 The intricate designs that you see printed on the fabric are not designed using a
brush. They are patterns printed using wooden blocks. The fine and adorable prints
in the shape of flowers, leaves, animals and abstract designs, give a simple cloth an
interesting face.
ORIGIN:
 Block printing is believed to have originated in China towards early 3rd century.
Around the 4th century, records of its presence were found in Egypt and some Asian
countries from where it spread to Europe and other places.
Characteristics of block:

 Carving should be deep upto 2-3cm

 Surface evenness must be there.
 A hole should be there for exit of air
 Bonds of repetition.
 Normally the cost of block ranges from
 Rs.300-Rs. 4000/piece depending
 upon the design and type of wood
used
TECHNIQUES OF BLOCK PRINTING
Direct Block Printing:
The cotton or silk cloth is first bleached in this technique. Then the fabric is dyed, unless a
light background is desired. Thereafter, the fabric is printed using carved blocks; first the
outline blocks are used, then the ones to fill color. The popular prints of Bagh (from Madhya
Pradesh) and Bagru (from Rajasthan) are made using this technique. Either Cotton or silk
fabric is used here. The cloth is first bleached and then dyed with the desired color. After
that block printing is done on borders with carved wooden blocks then in the borders.
Resist Printing:
In the resist technique, areas that are to be protected from the dye are covered with a
mixture of clay and resin. Then, the dyed fabric is washed. Producing a rippled effect, the
dye spreads into the protected areas through cracks. Block prints are then used to create
further designs. Ajrakh Printing of Kutch (India) and Sindh (Pakistan) and Kalamkari from
South India use this technique.
Discharge Printing:
The fabric is dyed in this technique. Then, a chemical is used to remove the dye from the
portions that are to have designs in different colour. These portions are then treated, so
they may be re-colored.
METHOD OF BLOCK PRINTING:
Step 1: First, the fabric to be printed is washed free of starch (size material) and soft
bleached. If dyeing is required (as in the case of saris where borders or the body is dyed) it is
done before printing. The fabric is again washed to remove excess dye and dried thoroughly.

Step 2: The fabric is stretched over the printing table and fastened with small pins. This is an
important stage as there should be a uniform tension in the fabric with no ripples.
Step 3: The dyes or the pigments to be used are kept ready for application

Step4: Under the pigment tray is another tray containing a thick viscous liquid made from
pigment binder and glue. This gives the color tray a soft base which helps to spread color
evenly on the wooden block. Small squeeze is used to spread the color paste over the tray.
Step 5: The printing starts from left to right. The color is evened out in the tray with a
wedge of wood and the block dipped into the outline color (usually black or a dark color)
Step 6: When the block is applied to the fabric, it is slammed hard with the fist on the back
of the handle so that a good impression may register. If it is a multiple color design, the
second printer dips his block in color again and prints on top of the outline made by the first
block. The third color if required follows likewise, precisely aligning the block each time. Skill
is necessary for good printing since the colors need to dovetail into the design to make it a
composite whole

Step 7: The fabric is sun-dried, which is part of the colour-fixing process. It is rolled in wads
of newspapers to prevent the dye from adhering to other layers and steamed in boilers
constructed for the purpose. Silks are also steamed this way after printing. After steaming,
the material is washed thoroughly in large quantities of water and dried in the sun, after
which it is finished by ironing out single layers, which fix the color permanently.

TOOLS USED FOR BLOCK PRINTING:

 Wooden Blocks: Wooden Blocks are used to print the patterns on the cloth.
 Printing Table: Printing table is used for printing.
 Wooden Tray with a Bamboo Lattice Bed Cover: Wooden Tray with a Bamboo Lattice bed
cover is used
 Printing Pad: Printing Pad is used to spread the colour evenly in the wooden tray.
 Pins: Pins are used to tighten the cloth on the table.
 Brushes: Brushes are used to clean the surface for better printing.
 Scale: Scale is used for marking the areas to be printed.
 Sponge or Woolen Cloth: Sponge or woolen cloth is used to spread the colour evenly in the
wooden tray.
  Chalk Powder: Chalk Powder is applied on the surface which is easier for marking.
 Chisels: Chisels are used to carve the surface as per the design.
 Hand Drill: Hand drill is used to carve the coarser parts of the wood.
 Wood Planer: Wood Planer is used to smoothen the surface of wood.
 Butter Paper: Butter Paper is used to make the designs on to the wood.

PARAMETERS:

 Cost
 Risk in
transportation
 Feasibility
 patterns
 Longlasting
 Fasness in
colour

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

 Block Printing on Textiles has a very  Time consuming process.

small carbon footprint.  Require human skill and labor.
 The printing and coloring process is  Fine and dekicate design are hard to
labor intensive and uses no electricity. produce
 The process uses vegetable dyes  Good skilled labour are required for
which are chemical free. multi colour desiging.
 The material used for block printing is
usually handloom or khadi, using no
power
 Explorations in the designs are always
done according to the need.
 HAND SCREEN PRINTING
INTRODUCTION:
 Hand Screen Printing is a technique that allows to print, with greater accuracy, large
and bright images on any type of fabric.
 It is an ancient technique, that has evolved over time and is still one of the most
common for textile printing.
 Hand Screen printing is made with just a frame, ink and a stencils.
 The stencil is the negative of the image you want to print and is in waterproofing
material.
 After mounting the fabric on the frame and placing the stencil, the ink is spread. The
operation have to be repeated several times if working with multiple colors.
 In this case, the fabric must dry completely between one color and the next. The
technique of Hand Screen Printing, while being less prone to human error, requires a
high level of competence: the craftsman who makes the press must be familiar with
the pigments used and the fabric, to be sure of obtaining a good results.
ORIGIN:
 Screen printing first appeared in a recognizable form in China during the Song
Dynasty (960–1279 AD).
 It was then adapted by other Asian countries like Japan, and was further created
using newer methods.
 Screen printing was largely introduced to Western Europe from Asia sometime in the
late 18th century, but did not gain large acceptance or use in Europe until silk mesh
was more available for trade from the east and a profitable outlet for the medium
discovered.
PROCESS OF PRINTING:
 check the screen printing screen
First of all, the first step in hand printing is to check the sealant condition of the printing
plate, whether the printing plate is broken or not, the looseness of the printing plate and
the bottom plate
 screen printing scraper selection
Screen printing scraper length should be slightly longer than the printed graphic, different
substrates should choose different shapes of scraper. Rubber squeegee should have some
flexibility, Scrapers require smooth formation, such as uneven application of sandpaper
grinding, scraper material optional 5mm acid rubber production.
 printed material preparation
Hand screen printing material preparation should be based on printed material and printing
requirements to determine the type and composition of the deployment of the key is color,
adjust dryness, viscosity adjustment, and strive to meet the requirements of scratch.

 Hand screen printing cast screen printing materials

 Screen printing materials generally fall in front of the network frame at the starting position
and within the width of the blade, the frame can not be placed too much printed material,
ready to add to facilitate the control of the amount of ink scraping operation is easy.
 Hand screen printing scraping
Depending on the size of the printing area and the length of the scraper, you can take one
or both hands scraping operation, but to control the amount of printed material, plate
layout to scratch clean, can not have printed material left in the plate of the graphic office.
③ Lift the mesh frame, remove the substrate from the platen.
 scrub screen
Hand screen printing process, found blots and mesh clogged, they have to scrub the plate,
with a degreasing cotton or soft cloth dipped in solvent gently wipe both sides of the screen,
scrubbing should first scrub graphics, and then scrub other places. Both sides of the plate
should be scrubbed clean, plug the network to clear, and blot the solvent on the plate. After
the Hand screen printing is completed, the plate should also be scrubbed clean.
 colour printing
Hand screen printing sets of colour printing for colour sets of colour printing to distinguish
between the ink colour printing level, in general, should be printed after the light-coloured
printing dark, the first printed after the main India, printing plate in the system should be
arranged. Set colour version must be overprinting accurate, especially the first colour
version of the rules to be printed very accurate. In a mixed-colour scratch, should be
considered mixed colour to change the version of the plate on the form, in order to facilitate
scraping.
 Hand screen printing is completed after the dry
Hand screen printing should be carried out after each printing dry overprinting is not timely,
prolonged shelving can cause overprints are not allowed, which should be noted when dry.

TOOLS REQUIRED:
 Film Positives.
 Mesh screen
 Squeegee
 Flash Cure Unit.
 Belt Dryer.
PARAMETERS:
 Cost
 Geometrical patterns
 Colours
 fastness

Advantages of Hand Screen Printing:

 There are several advantages of Hand Screen Printing that we must have to know.
These are Less Investment Cost: As there is no machine required in hand screen
printing and it is possible to print in a shorter space; the total investment in hand
screen printing is comparatively lower than other screen printing system.
 No Risk: No heavier instrument or machine tools are used in hand screen printing.
So, there is no risk.
 Multi-color Design Can be Printed: In hand screen printing procedures various
colors can be used effectively.
 Less Floor Space Is Required: As no heavier and bigger machines and related tools
are used, the hand screen printing requires lower space to install.
 Suitable For Small Scale Production: If you want to install a screen printing factory
for you local business, you can choose the hand screen printing at the initial stage as
it requires lower cost or investment.

Disadvantages of Hand Screen Printing:

 Slow Production Rate: As no machine is used and all of the process are done by
manually; the production rate becomes lower than other printing process.
 Small Scale Production: If you want to own a big screen printing factory or if you
have some bigger plan in future; the hand screen printing is not for you. Due to some
reason this kind of printing process provides you lesser production rate.
 Labor Intensive Process: A labor has to work manually and all of the process of the
hand screen printing is done by the hands. So it needs more time to produce a
product.
 Fastness Properties Are Average: As all of the process is done manually, the fastness
properties of the printed fabric is not well.
 Difficult to maintain even penetration and print paste.
 Skilled Man-Power is required.
REFERNCES
https://www.testextextile.com/advantages-disadvantages-of-hand-screen-printing-in-
textile-industry/
https://www.rushordertees.com/blog/five-tools-screen-printing/
http://www.griswoldtextile.com/hand-screen-print-process.html
https://rebeccaatwood.com/blogs/from-the-studio/how-we-make-it-screen-printing
http://www.craftandartisans.com/hand-block-printing
https://www.handblockprint.com/tag/advantages-of-hand-block-printing/
and printing technology book