BARCESA, HANNAH G.

DRRR
11- CALCITE WEEK 3-4

Title: Exposure and Vulnerability

TASK 9:
A Guess! State at least five (5) reasons why our country has high
vulnerability?
1. Population Growth
2. Lack of public information and awareness on preparedness and risks
3. Infrastructure and housing are either underdeveloped or in poor
condition.
4. Poverty and Inequality
5. Environmental Degradation

TASK 10:
1. How is development linked with disasters?
 Disasters and development are intricately linked since disasters
can both destroy and provide development opportunities, and
development schemes can both increase and decrease
vulnerability. This is particularly true because disasters can
devastate all parts of life, including the physical, social, economic,
and environmental. For example, it could result in the loss of lives
and significant damage to economic and social infrastructure, as
well as delaying poverty reduction programs and diverting
government funding to pay for reconstruction and recovery
operations. Infrastructure and housing development schemes or
projects can increase or decrease development because
infrastructure and services, housing, and health services can
increase or decrease catastrophe susceptibility.
2. What is my responsibility as a citizen in disaster risk reduction?
 As a citizen, my most important role or responsibility in disaster
risk reduction is to educate myself; I feel that I should be well-
informed and knowledgeable of disaster preparedness and
hazards. It is my responsibility to participate in disaster
preparedness and recovery efforts, as well as programs that
provide official understanding of hazards and preparedness
measures, including such wise environmental management. It is
also my obligation to increase the opportunity for open and honest
discussion about how to appropriately protect our family and loved
ones, as well as how to seek help.
3. How is vulnerability to hazards lessened?
 Although we can't regulate the occurrence and severity of natural
disasters, decreasing vulnerability is among the most practical
ways to decrease disaster risk. The first step in reducing
vulnerability to hazards is to build public knowledge and
awareness of preparedness and risks. It is absolutely essential that
the general public be educated on this subject. It is indeed critical
to eliminate inequality and to implement building codes that aid in
the avoidance of deteriorating or underdeveloped infrastructure
and housing. It is also vital to begin recognizing risks and
implementing preparedness measures, as well as educating the
general public on responsible environmental management.
4. What changes could be done to lessen exposure to natural hazards?
 The following are the adjustments that I believe should be made to
reduce exposure to natural hazards: modifying the way our
infrastructures, buildings, and dwellings are built; when we invest
in infrastructure, it should not only deal with construction, but
also quality control and maintenance. Another thing we should
change is how we perceive, approach, or respond to natural
hazards; we need to be incorporated with wise disaster
management that also conducts preparedness measures. Lastly,
we also need to change our environmental activities; it is critical to
reduce human activities that contribute to natural resource
depletion and degradation.
5. In a school setup, which service must first be returned to normal in
order to resume operations?
 Emergency management services, in a school setting, must first be
restored to normal before operations may continue. Everyone
involved in a school should be prepared to deal with emergency
situations in a safe and effective manner. Administrators, teachers,
staff, parents, and students should strive to uphold school-wide
safety and mitigate the severity of emergency situations and other
dangerous situations, and emergency management services should
be restored as a result. This service covers a range of
methodologies that everyone else in the school community can
prepare for a range of emergencies and take steps to protect.
TASK 11:
You are a Barangay Captain of a certain community. Your response team is
deployed, and you have your radio with you. Reports are streaming-in for
assistance. Mobile patrols are having a difficult time going around due to lack
of accessible barangay roads. At the same time, the barangay is heavily
populated so there was a shortage of response vehicles to assist the victims
and deliver relief goods to the evacuation area.
1. What do you think are the possible problems being faced by the
barangay?
 Mobile patrols are having difficulty getting around due to a lack of
accessible barangay roads, and the barangay is also densely
populated, so there was a shortage of response vehicles to assist
victims and deliver relief goods to the evacuation area.
2. What do you think is the liability of the local officials? National
Government?
 Local officials, in my opinion, have a responsibility to provide
disaster response, medical teams, and medical supplies, as well as
assist in providing accessible relief goods and access to other
services and facilities that aid in catastrophic situations. The
national government's responsibility is to assist and guide local
officials, as well as to give critical necessities to individuals who are
affected, such as providing finances or financial assistance to the
barangay to allow them obtain relief supplies and other necessities.
3. Suggest possible solutions based on the identified problems.
 Based on the highlighted problems, I believe the viable solutions
are to seek out services and facilities that can assist in repairing or
restoring the damages or destructions caused by the disaster. The
barangay roads must also be renovated or modified to make them
more accessible. The next step is to always have a budget or
backup money ready, and the last but not least is to educate; be
prepared in the event of a crisis and have understanding of
disaster management. One thing is certain: cooperation is
essential.
BARCESA, HANNAH G. DRRR
11- CALCITE WEEK 3-4

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
A. Multiple Choices. Read and analyze the questions. Choose the letter of the
best answer.
1) C
2) A
3) C
4) C
5) B
6) C
7) B
8) D
9) A
10) C
11) D
12) B
13) B
14) C
15) D

B. Critical Thinking. Familiarize yourself with the situations. Answer each of

the questions briefly.
1. With the COVID-19 situation in mind, how does decreasing or increasing
cases relate to exposure and vulnerability?
 Covid-19 is clearly a disaster, more generally referred to as a
biological slow-onset disaster. To be vulnerable, one must first be
exposed to a hazard, and decreasing or increasing COVID cases
can relate to exposure because they can have a direct impact on
population, infrastructure, and/or production, which absorb or
receive the impact of the event directly in a specific location
because the COVID-19 consequences will increase vulnerability. To
put it another way, increasing or lowering the number of cases
might increase exposure and vulnerability.
2. Compare two countries-one in the first world level and the other on the
third world. Compare them with their COVID response.
 Japan, as a first-world country, has a strong covid-19 response;
Japan's pandemic policy response has been outstanding, helping
to mitigate the downturn. Because of containment measures,
Japan experienced considerably lower incidence of COVID-related
illnesses and deaths than most advanced economies. The
government passed three big supplemental budgets, causing the
primary deficit to rise from 2.4 percent of GDP in 2019 to 8.3
percent in 2020 and 7.2 percent in 2021. Households were to be
helped, jobs were to be kept, and businesses were to be given
credit lines. By providing abundant liquidity and extending asset
purchases, the Bank of Japan (BoJ) enabled financing for
businesses and maintained financial market stability. The
Financial Services Agency (FSA) allowed a temporary relaxation of
prudential requirements to support liquidity and credit supply.
People should avoid the three C's, which are closed locations,
crowded places, and close-contact settings, according to one
successful Covid-19 response from Japan. In early March, the
Japanese government distributed this admonition to the general
population, and it quickly became pervasive. We know that a
successful, science-based message has helped Japan keep death
rates lower than peer countries, and that this could be a model for
how to move ahead in a future where Covid-19 is constantly there.

Whereas the Philippines, a third-world country, has had one of the

worst Covid-19 pandemic responses; the Philippines' response has
been hampered by a lack of vaccines. A 1991 law that made
municipal, town, and village authorities responsible for the health
system impeded the Philippines' response to the outbreak. Village-
level health teams often follow guidelines set by mayors or
chieftains due to a lack of uniform supervision, resulting in a
fragmented reaction to Covid-19. Despite the fact that one out of
every four tests results in a positive result, tracking and testing in
the Philippines is delayed due to the fact that local officials are in
charge. Patients are forced to queue because hospitals are
understaffed and lack beds. Despite the fact that most foreigners
are barred from entering the country, migrant workers can return,
putting a burden on quarantine facilities. The government has
loosened movement restrictions that have been in place in various
forms since March of last year, and fully vaccinated persons are
being given more freedom, although lockdowns are still in place in
some areas. Restaurants and beauty salons have recently
returned, public transportation has resumed, and limited in-
person classes will soon start, despite vaccination rates are so low
that there is a risk of additional spread. Weak governance, poor
disciplinary measures, poverty, marginalization, poor global
competence in health science, and other reasons contributed to the
 Philippines having the worst Covid-19 response. Ultimately, the
response to the Covid-19 pandemic differs between Japan, a first-
world country, and the Philippines, a third-world country.
Obviously, Japan is better at dealing with the Covid-19 situation
and its implications than the Philippines, and one reason for this
is how their governments rule and lead their respective countries,
not only because one is a first-world country and the other is a
third-world country.
References: https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2022/01/27/mcs012722-
japan-staff-concluding-statement-of-the-2022-article-iv-mission
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/24/opinion/japan-covid.html
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-29/why-the-philippines-
just-became-the-worst-place-to-be-in-covid
3. By the geographic setting of the Philippines, we often get its effects
because we are placed beside the Pacific Ocean. Suggest how the
government could lessen our vulnerability.
 Despite the fact that we can't control the frequency or intensity of
natural disasters, reducing vulnerability is one of the most effective
strategies to reduce disaster risk. To reduce our vulnerability, our
government should begin delivering high-quality disaster
management education; the government should enhance
awareness and knowledge about preparedness measures as well as
disasters, including how they should be perceived, controlled, and
administered. It is critical to recognize the Philippines' high
disaster risk, and it is prudent to maintain robust disaster risk
reduction programs that strengthen local communities,
government agencies, and nongovernmental organizations'
capacity to prepare for and respond to the wide range of natural
disasters that frequently strike the country.