Inductors
Inductors
Inductors
Unit of Inductance.
The henry, symbolized by H, is the basic unit of inductance. The henry
is a large unit, so in practical applications, millihenries (mH) and
microhenries are the more common units.
The Basic Inductor
Energy Storage.
An inductor stores energy in the magnetic field created by the current.
The energy stored is expressed as
𝟏
𝑾= 𝑳𝑰𝟐
𝟐
𝑳 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝑯
Physical Characteristics of an Inductor
Winding Resistance.
The inherent resistance per unit of length when a certain material is
coiled. When many turns of wire are used to construct a coil, the total
resistance may be significant.
Winding Capacitance.
The certain amount of stray capacitance when many turns of wire are
placed close together in a coil.
Series and Parallel Inductors
Total Series Inductance.
𝑳𝑻 = 𝑳𝟏 + 𝑳𝟐 + 𝑳𝟑 + ⋯ + 𝑳𝒏
Series and Parallel Inductors
Total Parallel Inductance
𝟏
𝑳𝑻 =
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+ + + ⋯+
𝑳𝟏 𝑳𝟐 𝑳𝟑 𝑳𝒏
Series and Parallel Inductors
Sample Problem
Series and Parallel Inductors
Sample Problem
Inductors in DC Circuits
The RL Times Constant.
The RL time constant is a fixed time interval that equals the ratio of the
inductance to the resistance.
𝑳
𝝉=
𝑹
Sample Problem.
Inductors in DC Circuits
Current in an Inductor (Increasing)
Inductors in DC Circuits
Current in an Inductor (Decreasing)
Inductors in DC Circuits
Sample Problem
Inductors in DC Circuits
The Exponential Formulas.
Increasing Current:
General Formula:
Decreasing Current:
Inductors in AC Circuits
Inductive Reactance
Inductive Reactance is the opposition to sinusoidal current in an
inductor. The symbol for inductive reactance is XL , and its unit is the
Ohm (Ω).
Formula for Inductive Reactance, 𝐗 𝐋
𝐗 𝐋 = 𝟐𝛑𝐟𝐋
where, f is frequency in hertz and L is inductance in henries.
Inductors in DC Circuits
Sample Problem
A sinusoidal voltage is applied to the circuit with frequency of 10kHz.
Determine the inductive reactance.
Inductors in AC Circuits
Reactance for Series Inductors
𝐗𝐋 𝐭𝐨𝐭 = 𝐗 𝐋𝟏 + 𝐗 𝐋𝟐 + 𝐗 𝐋𝟑 + ⋯ + 𝐗 𝐋𝐧
𝟏
𝐗𝐋 𝐭𝐨𝐭 =
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+ + + ⋯+
𝐗 𝐋𝟏 𝐗 𝐋𝟐 𝐗 𝐋𝟑 𝐗 𝐋𝐧
Inductors in DC Circuits
Sample Problem
What is the total inductive reactance of each circuit below?
Inductors in DC Circuits
Sample Problem
Solution (a):
1
𝐿𝑇 = = 1.71mH
1 1
+
2.7mH 4.7mH