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    Structure and Composition of An Ecosystem

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    Ankur Jha
    1) An ecosystem is formed by the interaction of living organisms with each other and their physical environment, linked through energy and material transfers. 2) Ecosystems contain biotic components like producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as abiotic components like air, water, and soil. 3) Producers include plants that undergo photosynthesis, consumers are divided into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels depending on what they consume, and decomposers break down dead organic matter.

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    Structure and Composition of An Ecosystem

    Uploaded by

    Ankur Jha
    39 views3 pages
    1) An ecosystem is formed by the interaction of living organisms with each other and their physical environment, linked through energy and material transfers. 2) Ecosystems contain biotic components like producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as abiotic components like air, water, and soil. 3) Producers include plants that undergo photosynthesis, consumers are divided into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels depending on what they consume, and decomposers break down dead organic matter.

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    Structure and Composition of an ecosystem

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    1) An ecosystem is formed by the interaction of living organisms with each other and their physical environment, linked through energy and material transfers. 2) Ecosystems contain biotic components like producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as abiotic components like air, water, and soil. 3) Producers include plants that undergo photosynthesis, consumers are divided into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels depending on what they consume, and decomposers break down dead organic matter.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views3 pages

    Structure and Composition of An Ecosystem

    Uploaded by

    Ankur Jha
    1) An ecosystem is formed by the interaction of living organisms with each other and their physical environment, linked through energy and material transfers. 2) Ecosystems contain biotic components like producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as abiotic components like air, water, and soil. 3) Producers include plants that undergo photosynthesis, consumers are divided into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels depending on what they consume, and decomposers break down dead organic matter.

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    of 3

    Name- Arnav Thakur

    Register No. - RA1911004010415

    ____________________________________________________________________

    EVS Assignment

    Structure and Composition of an eco-system

    Ecosystem is a system formed by the interaction of all living organisms with each other
    and with the physical and chemical factors of the environment in which they live, all
    linked by transfer of energy and material. An ecosystem is also a community of living
    organisms in conjunction with the non-living components of their environment,
    interacting as a system, which is linked together through nutritional cycles and energy
    flow. Structure of an ecosystem is as follows:-

    ECOSYSTEM

    ABIOTIC
    BIOTIC
    COMPONENTS
    COMPONENTS

    COMPONENTS
    PRODUCERS CONSUMERS DECOMPOSERS

    PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY QUATERNARY

    Ecosystem can be divided into two types based on the type of organisms in our
    environment- Biotic and Abiotic.

    Biotic Components

    Biotic Components refer to all the living things present in our environment. They are
    divided into three types based on nutritional requirements- Producers, consumers and
    Decomposers.
    ➢ Producers-Also called autotrophs, they produce food through the process of
    photosynthesis in which they take energy from sunlight, convert it into starch and then
    release it in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide and water vapours. Examples
    of producers include all types of plants.

    ➢ Consumers-Also called heterotrophs, they are dependent on other animals for their food.
    Consumers are further classified into three categories-Primary, Secondary and Tertiary.

    • Primary Consumers-Primary Consumers are the organisms that are dependent on


    the producers for their food. Examples of these types of consumers include all the
    herbivore animals such as deer, giraffe, rats, etc.
    • Secondary Consumers-Secondary Consumers are the organisms that are dependent
    on primary consumers for their food. Examples of these types of consumers include
    all the carnivore animals such as lion, tiger, leopard, etc.
    • Tertiary Consumers-Tertiary Consumers are the organisms that are dependent on
    both primary consumers and producers for their food. Examples of these types of
    consumers include all the omnivore animals such as snakes, bear, cat, etc.
    • Quaternary Consumers-Quaternary Consumers are the consumers that are
    dependent on all the four types-Producers, Primary Consumers, Secondary
    Consumers and Tertiary Consumers for their food.Examples of these type of
    consumers are Eagle and Vulture.

    ➢ Decomposers-Also called saprophytes; they feed on the dead and decaying matter
    present on the earth’s surface and then mix their nutrients in soil, which are reused by
    the plants to start the food chain all over again. Examples of decomposers are Bacteria
    and Fungi.

    Abiotic Components

    Abiotic Components are the non-living components of an ecosystem such as


    air,water,soil,minerals,sunlight,temperature,etc. that usually give energy and a
    lease of life to the producers,consumers and the decomposers.

    ❖ An ecosystem also comprises of Terrestrial ecosystem and Aquatic ecosystem.

    Terrestrial ecosystem comprises all the land-based landforms such as Tundra, Forests,
    Grasslands, Deserts, etc. distributed across various geographical zones on the earth and
    the organisms living in these landforms such as Reindeer, Antelope, Yak, Panda, Polar
    Bear, Penguin, etc.

    Aquatic Ecosystem comprises all the water bodies on earth such as river, lakes, ponds,
    streams, wetlands, seas and oceans and the organisms living in these water bodies such
    as Eel, Dolphin, Crocodile, Jelly fish, Star fish, etc.
    ❖ An ecosystem also comprises of natural and artificial ecosystem.

    Natural ecosystem is a biological environment occurring freely in nature such as


    mountains, lakes, ponds, forests, grasslands, rivers, plains, etc.

    Artificial ecosystems are the ecosystems that are made by human beings for
    commercial or other benefits. These ecosystems are modified by the humans for their
    own profit and can be terrestrial or aquatic. These include Buildings, crop fields, parks,
    zoos, aquariums, amusement parks, etc.

    COMPOSITION OF AN ECOSYSTEM

    Composition of an ecosystem includes composition of the important components


    present on the earth that are a part of the ecosystem such as air, soil, water,etc.,but
    here, we will discuss only the components of air and soil.

    ➢ Composition of Air- Air as a whole contains nitrogen,oxygen,hydrogen and other


    gases, which are present in the following proportions:-
    Nitrogen- 78%
    Oxygen- 20.9%
    Carbon dioxide -0.03%
    Argon- 0.90%
    Other gases- 0.17%

    ➢ Composition of Soil- There are many components in the soil that are present in the
    following proportions:-
    Minerals- 45%
    Water-30%
    Air- 20%
    Organic matter- 5%

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