SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF TALL BUILDINGS WITH

AND WITHOUT SHEAR WALLS

A DISSERTATION
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of the degree
of
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
(With Specialization in Building Science and Technology)
~~~TRAL LIBR

CT I u 34

\ ..•.1.~~ per.
B

AHMED HARL .

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE
ROORKEE-247 667 (INDIA)

FEBRUARY, 2003
 CANDIDATE'S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that work which is being presented in the dissertation entitled
"SESMIC ANALYSIS OF TALL BUILDING WITH AND WITHOUT SHEAR WALLS,'
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF
TECHNOLOGY in CIVIL ENGINEERING with specialization in Building Science and
Technology submitted in the Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology Roorkee, Roorkee (India) is an authentic record of my own work carried
out from October 2002 to February 2003, under the supervision of Dr. S. K. Kaushik,
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. S. K. Thakkar Professor,
Department of Earthquake Engineering, and Dr. Pankaj Agarwal Associate
Professor, Department of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee, Roorkee.

The matter embodied in this dissertation has not been submitted by me for the
award of any other degree or diploma.

Dated: February, 28, 2003 (AHMED HARISH)

This is to certify that the above statement made by candidate is correct to the
best of my knowledge and be

S
JW
( Dr. S. K. Kaushik)
-2 03
(Dr.S. K. Thakkar) (Dr. Pankaj Agarwal )
Professor Professor Assoc. Professor
Deptt. of Civil Engg. Deptt. of Earthquake Engg. Deptt. of Earthquake Engg
I. I. T. Roorkee I. I. T. Roorkee I. I. T. Roorkee
Roorkee - 247667 Roorkee — 247667 Roorkee - 247667
INDIA INDIA INDIA

8
 I feel pleasure in expressing my deep sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to

Dr. S. K. Kaushik, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. S. K. Thakkar

Professor, Department of Earthquake Engineering and Dr. Pankaj Agarwal

Associate Professor, Department of Earthquake Engineering, Indian Institute of

Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, for their expert guidance, valuable suggestion and

constant encouragement throughout the course of this dissertation. -

I am thankful to Professor and head, Dr. P. C. Jain for providing all the

facilities in the department to carry out this work for providing all the facilities Thanks

is also due to Ashish Bhargava, Project Associate in Earthquake Engineering

Department for his kind cooperation and help.

Finally, special thanks to my friends Pankaj, Hemanshu and Saurabh for their

never-ending support.
To end with, I find the biggest pleasure to dedicate this piece of work to my

loving Father, whose blessings have always been a valuable asset to me in my life.

(AHMED HARISH)

11
 The urbanization of industrial countries has resulted in the migration of
the rural population to metropolis cities causing severe pressure on space.
The increased use of construction in reinforced concrete has been attributed
mainly to the following major factors.
The present study is limited to the frame and frame shear wall systems, which
are of immediate, interest to us for the present conditions in India. Other
systems may also be handled after suitable idealization.

The method of analysis commonly used by structural engineers for

design of frames building to resist seismic loads, assumes the structure the to
be attached to a rigid foundation. In the present thesis soil interaction is carried
out to see the change in forces, and displacement.

Cost benefit also evaluated for shear wall incorporation to check the
feasibility of economy.

111
TITLE Page No.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CONTENTS

LIST OF SYMBOLS

LIST OF FIGURE

1.1 General
1.2 Objective and scope of thesis
1.3 Organisation of thesis
1.4 Concluding Remarks

2, LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 General
2.2 Framing system
2.2.1 Rigid frame
2.2.2 Braced Frame
2.2.3 Eccentric bracing system
2.2.4 Staggered truss system
2.2.5 Outrigger and belt truss system
2.3 Tubular system
2.3.1 Tube in tube system
2.3.2 Bundled tube or modular tube system
2.4 Shear wall structures
2.5 Forms of shear wall constructions
2.6 Shear wall structures

iv


2.6.1 Necessity and importance 17

2.7 Soil structure interaction 18
2.8 Concluding remarks 20
K, ANALYSIS OF R. C. FRAMES 21
Introduction
3.1 General 21
3.2 Loads 21
3.2.1 Load combination 21
3.2.2 LL 22
3.2.3 D. Loads 22
3.3 Design for wind load 22
3.4 Design of earthquake 24
3.4.1 Response spectrum method 25
3.5 Structural idealization of shear walls 28
3.6 Analysis 31
3.6.1 General 31
3.6.2 Problem 32
3.7 Soil interaction analysis 32
3.7.1 Modeling of soil 34
3.7.2 Problem 35
3.8 Concluding remarks 36
2 DISCUSSON OF RESULTS 37
4.1 General 37
4.2 Discussion of parameters involved 37'
4.2.1 Discussion of result for fixed base buildings 38
4.2.2 Discussion of result for flexible base buildings 40
4.3 Concluding remarks 42
5. CONCLUSIONS 43

5.1 General 1,3

5.2 Conclusions 43

M
5.3 Scope of future study 44

REFERENCES 45

APPENDIX 47

vi
 LIST OF SYMBOL

a Relative stiffness of connecting beam

H Total height of the building
Vb Basic wind speed
Kf Probability factor
k2 Terrain height and structure size factor
k3 Topography factor
PZ Design wind pressure
VZ Design wind speed
Cpe External pressure coefficient
CP; Internal pressure coefficient
EC Modulus of elasticity of concrete
G Shear modulus
V Shear wave velocity
KFx Spring coefficient in vertical direction
KFy Spring coefficient in lateral direction
KFz Spring coefficient in longitudinal direction
KMx Rocking (around longitudinal direction)
KMy Rocking (around lateral direction)
KMz Torsional coefficient

vii


I. _

Fig. No. Title Page No.

1.1 Structural concepts verses number of stories 2
2.1 Framing systems
2.2 Framing systems
2.3.1 Arrangement of shear walls
2.3.2 Shear walls in steel and concrete
2.4.1 Types of shear bracing wall arrangement
2.4.2 Shear wall response
3.1(a) Equivalent frame analogy
3.1(b) Wide column analogy
3.1(c) Finite element analogy
3.2 Edge stress for shear walls
3.3 Plan and elevation of the building
4.1 Time period in x-direction
4.1'(b) Time period in z-direction
4.2(a) . Joint displacement in x-direction
4.2(b) Joint displacement in z-direction
4.3(b) Storey drift in z-direction
4.3(c) Static story drift
4.4(a) Base shear in x-direction
4.4(b) Base shear in z-direction
4.5 Base shear for various soil

viii
Table No. Title

4 Fundamental time period in x-direction

5 Axial 'force
6 Cost comparison
7 Bending moment
8 Joint displacement
9 Fundamental time period for changing soil condition
10 Storey drift
11 Base shear

zx
1.1 GENERAL
The urbanization of industrial countries has resulted in the
migration of the rural population to metropolis cities causing severe
pressure on space. The increased use of construction in reinforced
concrete has been attributed mainly to the following major factors.
(i) Development of high strength materials
(ii) Development of new design concepts
(iii) Development of new structural systems
(iv) Improved construction procedures
The various structural forms used in multistory construction in
concrete are frame, frame shear wall, framed hollow tube, tube in tube,
bundled tube and framed tube with interior shear wall. The choice of
one form in preference to the other generally depends on the number of
stories as per shown in figure 1.1.
The tube concept gives optimum results for buildings of about 50
stories. The present study is limited to the frame and frame shear wall
systems, which are of immediate, interest to us for the present
conditions in India. Other systems may also be handled after suitable
idealization.
The method of analysis commonly used by structural engineers
for design of frames building to resist seismic loads, assumes the
structure the be attached to a rigid foundation. The basic assumption
being that there is no interaction between the structure and the soil. But
as the structure rests on soil, it is therefore, apparent that the structural
response depends on properties of the structural as well as has been
depicted by several researchers. With the development of the finite
element method, the soil structure interaction has been studied in great

1
 F

r ~ip;~€t;f a(;iiTf

60 — — — ~~ ._~_~_ _ i f

® 4111 t E. v•

20 —_-- — _ n :14i.4f

® JjJIIP_!JjI1j
Types of structure

Fig. (1.1) m Structural concepts versus number of stories.

2
detail and it is still of great concern to the researchers. The nonelastic
nonlinear behaviour of the soil foundation system makes the method of
solution very complex and very expensive. Hence, there is need for a
simplified model for analysis of medium height framed building.

1.2 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THESIS

The objective of the present thesis is analytical and using STADDPRO-
2002 software (linear elastic approach) involves following stages
1) 3-D modeling of structure.
2) Static analysis of building without shear wall.
3) Seismic analysis in X and Z directions of structure using
response spectrum analysis with and without shear wall.
4) Soil structure interaction using dynamic spring constant for 14-
story building only.
5) Cost benefit aspect while using shear wall.
6) The location of shear wall also changed to check the utility
against dynamic loading.

It is organized in following chapters

1) General introduction, development of shear wall structure and

soil structure interaction.
2) Literature review including different building system, principle
and procedure of analysis method, need, importance, and
form of shear wall. Soil structure interaction also discussed.
3) Analysis is done in this chapter, assumption, structure
idealization, loading and discussion of parameters are
included for various cases.
4) Discussion of results and comparative study of various results.

3
 5) The summary and conclusion arrived in this chapter. The
scope for further work on the current topic is also discussed.

CONCLUDING REMARKS
The present chapter gives the . introduction of shear wall
structures, their development for use in high-rise buildings. Soil
interaction has been carried out for frame system. The
objective and scope of the present work have been discussed.

M
 I 7A

In a high-rise building, the problem is primarily the development of

resistance to moment and deflection rather than shear alone. When a
building gets high the vertical system becomes a problem because of
overturning moment and shear deflections, produced by lateral forces,
being much larger.
At first the principle of the masonry bearing wall structure was
utilized for high-rise construction. With increase of height, the wall
thickness (i.e. building weight) increased responding directly to the
nature of gravity flow taking as much as 15% space at ground level
beyond 10 stories. Their high weight and inflexibility in plan layout
made them rather inefficient for high-rise applications.
Later on, rigid frame system involving rigidly jointed beams and
columns in a rectangular gird form was adopted. The shear-racking
component of deflection produced by the bending of columns and
girders caused the building drift to be too larger. Diagonally braced
bents were used to resist lateral load. Truss action of bents minimized
bending in column thereby controlling drift.
The idea that in-filling of rectangular frame can also provide
stiffness to the system, gave birth to shear wall, system and the whole
concept of high-rise design was changed. Shear walls could be
arranged both externally and internally to various forms giving many
efficient systems because of their pure cantilever behavioral mode.
In shear wall-frame systems, frames on the periphery of the
building volume were provided on each fascia, increasing lateral
efficiency and reducing shear-wall requirements.

5
 A logical extension of this system was tubular system where the
fascia frame members were made extremely stiff for bending with wide
columns and deep spandrel beams giving appearance of a punched
tube. The system performs like a three dimensional cantilever of
tubular form.
Still higher buildings required higher lateral stiffness and interior
shear wall cores were added, transforming the system into a tube-in-
tube system.
The final form was that of a bundled-tube-where various self-
sufficient tubes were grouped together in a compact form with their
more than one boundary common, thus forming the most rigid system
for high-rise construction.

2.2.1 Rigid Frame

Rigid frame skeleton generally consists of a rectangular 'grid of
horizontal beams and vertical column connected together by in-plane
rigid joints. The frame may be in plane with an interior wall of the
building, or in plane with the facade. Because of the continuity of
members at the joints, the rigid frame responds to lateral load primarily
through flexure of beams and columns as shown in Fig. 2.2(g). The
continuous character of the rigid frame is dependent on the rotational
resistance of the member connections not to permit any slippage. The
strength and stiffness are proportional to the beam and column size and
inversely proportional to column spacing.

2.2.2 Braced Frame System

When a building frame deflects under lateral loads, the axial
column loads acting through the deflection of structure give rise to
additional moment at the base. For equilibrium to exist, internal
resisting moments are induced by additional storey shear called sway

6
 BUILDING FRAMES

I n
0
uu
PARALLEL BEARING CORE AND
WALLS CANTILEVERED
BEARING WALLS SLAB
(a) (b) (c)

ILJII IJ
FLAT SLAB
(d)
SUSPENDED FLOORS
(e)
STAGGERED TRUSS
(f)

Fig. (2.1) Framing system..

7
 forces or p-A forces. The increase in deflection causes further increase
in the moment and a consequent increase in the deflection. The
process continues until either the structure comes to a stable
equilibrium or, when the structure is very limber, it collapses. This
tendency of the axial load to increase the moment is the p-A effect.
fig (2.2j)

2.2.3 Eccentric Bracing System

Bracing systems are of questionable value when used alone in
seismic regional because of their poor elastic behaviour. A bracing
system, that on one hand is very stiff and on the other possesses good
ductility for extreme cyclic loading conditions, is eccentric bracing
system. Eccentricities are deliberately employed between the beam to
column and beam to brace connections. The offset promotes formation
of an energy-absorbing hinge in the portion of the beam between the
two connections, The eccentric part functions as a fuse by undergoing
flexural and shear yielding prior to formation of any additional plastic
hinges in the bending members and well before buckling of any
compression member. Fig (2.2 j)

2.2.4 Staggered Truss System

Storey-high trusses are used at every floor along short direction.
The required flexibility in unit layouts is achieved by arranging the
trusses in a staggered plan at alternate floors, while the floor slabs are
made to span only half the truss spacing.. These floor slabs rest on the
top chord of one truss and hang from the bottom chord of the next, on
the floor above. The floor system acts as a diaphragm transferring
lateral load sin the short direction to the trusses. Lateral loads are
thereby resisted by truss diagonals and are transferred into direct loads
in the columns. Therefore the columns receive no bending moments.
The deflection of the building is that of a rigid cantilever beam. fig(2. if)

8
 MOM
■i■
TRUSSED FRAME CORE AND
RIGID FRAME
(g) (h) (1 )

.C)
IN
'MEN
,
L'i ft11
TRUSSED FRAME TUBE IN TUBE
AND FRAMED CORE
Figs (2.2) Framing system
2.2.5 Outrigger and Belt Truss System
This system uses a cap truss on a braced core combined with
exterior columns. Columns are tied to the e cap truss through a system of
outrigger and belt trusses (Fig)22 Belt trusses functions as horizontal
fascia stiffeners and engage the external columns. A general
improvement of up to 25-to-30% in stiffness can be realized in contrast
to the same system without such trusses.

2.3 TUBULAR SYSTEMS

Basically tubular systems utilize solid cores made of shear walls
either lonely or in conjunction with trusses, frames and bracings to
achieve lateral stiffness. Geometrical interpretations of plan and
elevation forms also are utilized to get efficiency. The underlying
principle behind an efficient tube system is to design a bracing system
that minimizes the shear type of deformation so that the tower bends as
a cantilever.

2.3.1 Tube. in-Tube System

An interior core tube is incorporated in tubular system. The

exterior tube with its large width can resist overturning forces very
efficiently. But, the openings required in this tube may reduce its
capacity to resist shear, particularly at lower floors. On the other hand,
an inner tube can better resist the storey shear being more solid than
the exterior tube. But the inner tube will not be as effective in resisting
the overturning moment since it will be quite slender in comparison to
the outer tube. The composite action gives sufficient rigidity and
efficiency to the system as demonstrated in Fig (2.2 k)

10
F.

Fig. (2.3.1) arrangement of shear wall

TY

CONCAC1 WALLS
TAUSS WA Ll5 CGNCR(7( SLIT vv~LlS

LO`A'. Io,4 Cr OrE NI',CS

N0T 5Cr CR+ TICAL LOCATION OI pp(TRS ANO MUST 8( WIC)C WW 1 UO.
WINOOW$ I$ LIMI E(O OR MINIMAL. ®PINING$

Fig. (2.3.2) Shear walls in steel and concrete

hi

11
2.3.2 Bundled Tube or Modular Tube System

The exterior framed tube is stiffened by interior cross diaphragms

in both directions; an assemblage of cell tubes is formed. These
individual tubes are independently strong, therefore may be bundled in
any configuration and discontinued at any level Fig2-2t The interior
diaphragms act as webs of a huge cantilever beam in resisting shear
forces, thus minimizing shear lag. Points of section peak stresses are
generated at points of intersection with perpendicular walls (i.e. flanges)
indicating the individual action of each tube..

2.4 SHEAR WALL SYSTEMS

A shear wall is defined as a structural wall which, through in-plane
shear forces, resists lateral forces resulting form wind, earthquake or
other transverse loads.
Because of pure cantilever mode, shear walls satisfy lateral
stiffness and stability requirements with minimum cost premiums for
height. Shear walls can resist lateral load only in the plane of walls (i.e.
not in a direction perpendicular to them). So many arrangements are
made considering torsional effect and efficiency for lateral load
resistance (Fig.2.3.1). Whereas concrete shear walls are generally of
solid type with openings when necessary, steel shear walls are usually
made of trusses (Fig.2.3.2) . Floor slabs having large in-plane stiffness,
serve not only to collect and distribute the lateral forces to the walls but,
by a complex structural interaction with the walls increase the lateral
stiffness of the building. The combination of cast-in-place reinforced
concrete in-filled panel wall and its boundary frame has been called and
earthquake resisting wall in Japan.

12
a. LONG WALL
~--1®1, III ff ~,1,
1

b. C1a0SS 'NALL
\ f 1 ! 1 P

ELF1
C. 1w0.1vAv

Fig. (2.4.1) Types of shear bracing wall system

13
2.4.1 Shear-Bearing Wall System
In this system enclosure walls are so located that they carry as
much of the vertical dead load of the floor system as possible. The
vertical loads have the effect of pre-loading the core portion formed by
these walls, which should be so proportioned that:
(a) Dead load overcomes the tension induced by horizontal loads.
(b) The increase in compressive stress due to horizontal load is
within the allowable code limits so that no additional strength is required
for lateral loads.

Depending upon how these walls are arranged within the building, one
may subdivide them into three basic groups as shown in Fig. 2.4.• t
(i) Long wall system consisting of parallel linear walls running parallel to
the length of the building thus forming the main facade wall.
(ii) Cross wall system consisting of parallel linear walls running
perpendicular to the length of the building.
(iii)Two-way system consisting of walls running in both directions.
Fig.2.4.1
2.4.2 Shear Wall-Rigid Frame Interacting System
Using only shear walls to respond to lateral loads is impractical
above about 150m. The lateral rigidity is greatly improved by using the
rigid frame, in-addition, to resist lateral forces. Because of the different
mode of lateral deflection, the frame tends to pull back the shear wall in
the upper portion and push it forward in the lower portion as shown in
Fig.2.4 As a result, the frame participates more effectively in the upper
portion of the building where the wind shears are relatively less and, the
shear wall carries most of the shear in the lower portion of the building
where the frame generally cannot afford to carry high lateral load.
Uncracked shear walls in framed structures have great rigidity and can
carry large shear forces during and earthquake. The wall performs as a
damper to the seismic forces by absorbing the great strain energy.
Thus, framed-shear walls composed of frames and in-filled walls, which

14
 L

—Tii4 •

ci

n C

Fig. (2.4) Interaction of (a) Frame (b) shear wall and (c) Overall behaviour

15
fail in flexure and shear respectively, can resist severe earthquakes by
respective ductile damages. Rigid shear walls with quite short natural
period induce greatest seismic input forces. In this case slitting the
shear wall reduces rigidity C 1,.
2.5 FORMS OF SHEAR WALL CONSTRUCTIONS
Shear wall systems may comprise of the following
(I) Solid shear walls
It consists of series of parallel walls along the principal axes of
building.These walls support lateral loads as well as vertical loads and
deflect like a cantilevers under lateral load.
(ii) Shear wall with openings or coupled shear wall
A shear wall pierced by several openings or two shear walls connected
by floor beams or slabs or a combination of both is called a pierced or
coupled shear wall.
The openings may be placed symmetrically or unsymmetrically in a
coupled shear wall and there may be one or more rows of openings.
The openings if small, when spaced at least at a distance equal to the
size of openings in each direction, has little influence on the overall
state of stress in the shear wall. If large enough the typical frame
action predominates.

The degree of coupling is conveniently expressed in terms of

geometric `a' which is a measure of relative stiffness of connecting
beams with respect to the walls. The parameter occurs in the basic
differential equation of continuum approach. (,Z)
If aH > 13 Single homogeneous cantilever.
aH < 0.8 walls treated as two separate cantilevers
0.8 <aH<13 stiffness of connecting beams should be considered.
Where H is the total height of the building.
(iii) Shear wall acting with frames

16
 If a shear wall alone is considered to take all the lateral loads, it
leads to an uneconomical design. Moreover for high buildings, frames
alone are inadequate. The interaction between the frame and shear
wall to resist lateral loads needs consideration and is shown in Fig.2.4
Because of different deformation patterns of the frame and of the wall,
the frame tends to pull back the shear wall in the upper portion of the
building and pushes it forward in the lower portion. This system can be
used up to about 40 stories in office buildings and up to 60 stories in
apartment buildings (15°). This type of construction remains the most
important form of shear wall construction for most of the tall buildings in
India. The present study and its objective, are devoted to shear wall
frame system.

Necessity and Importance

ACI Committee 442 (,) recommended that moment resistant
frames are considered efficient for 10-15 stories for office buildings. But
these prove to be uneconomical when lateral load start governing the
design. Due to the increased flexibility of the frame system with height,
they undergo large deformations under lateral loads causing damage to
nonstructural elements and discomfort to the occupants. Thus in a
high-rise building, control over large displacements__ is as important as
providing adequate lateral strength.
A shear wall can be defined as a system of providing stability
against lateral loads by virtue of its inherent high in plane stiffness. Due
to this fact, they resist much larger or in many cases almost entire
lateral load in a tall building enabling the beams and columns of frame
system to support vertical loads only.
Thus shear walls are ideal solutions for high-rise buildings
because-

17
 (ii) they provide adequate stiffness and control of lateral
defections
(iii) economy is achieved due to reduction in the size of the
members of the structure.

2.7 SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION

The method of analysis, most commonly by structural engineers
for design of buildings to resist dynamic lateral loads assumes the
structure to be attached to a rigid foundation. Such a procedure tends
to simplify the mathematical analysis of the problem. The basic
assumption being that, there is no interaction between the structure
and the soil.
A structure rests on soil. It is therefore apparent that the
structural response due to loading of any king will depend both on the
properties of the structure and the soil.
The contribution by Meyerhof (1953) regarding "some Recent
Foundation Research and its Application to Design" was first of its kind
in the field of soil structure interaction of framed structures. Since
foundation form the link between super structure and soil, they have to
fulfill two main interrelated functions.
(a) The stability of sub-soil must be ensured with an adequate
margin of safety and,
(b) The movement of the foundation must be within limits that can
be tolerated by the superstructure. Meyerhof approximate
methods to estimate the stiffness of structures and to relate it
to the deformation characteristics of the soil. The analysis
shows that differential settlement decreases rapidly as the
increase in relative stiffness of the structures and to relate it to
the deformation characteristics of the soil. The analysis shows
that differential settlement decreases rapidly as the increase in
relative stiffness of the structures to soil while correspondingly

18
 greater bending moments and shearing forces are induced in
the structure.
Petrovski and Jurukovski ( :) studied the structure-foundation
interaction and showed that the effect of interaction is to modify
stiffness, damping and response to ground motion. According to them
the analysis based on fixed base assumption, although very simple to
be performed, has no physical justification. Using experimental results,
they determined soil-structure interaction parameters. Comparing
dynamic response of the fixed base and flexible base model, an
increase of base shear of an order of 20 to 29 and 20 to 50 percent for
close and a distant earthquakes were obtained respectively. The author
reached the conclusion, that in order to predict the structural response
in more realistic manner, it is important to include soil foundation
flexibility while formulating the mathematical modeling of the structural
systems.
Richard A. Parmle (,6) defined the "interaction effect" as dynamic
interrelationship between the response of a structure and the
characteristics of its foundation medium. According to him, the
interaction phenomenon is principally affected by the mechanism of
energy exchange between the soil and the structure.
An ideal model of the foundation medium must represent the soil
stiffness, radiation and material damping and allow for non-linearity and
3-D variation of soil properties. While various analytical techniques
exist for handling different aspects of the soil behaviour they all suffer
form-varying combinations of expensiveness or inaccuracy. Hence
many of the early investigators adopted simple models consisting of
springs at the base exerting restoring forces and moments. Biot (.7:)
obtained a simple expression for the elastic stiffness constant for
rocking motion of an infinite strip on an elastic half space. This was
later extended by Merrit and Housner (B`). Salvadori and Heer
studied the effects of both lateral and rocking motion on the periods of

19
framed buildings. Barkan ('S.) has given the elastic stiffness
coefficients for rectangular plates resting on an elastic half space, while
Richart, Hall and Woods (10) rocking vibration of a rigid circular plate.
The response calculation was based on the assumption that the
distribution of contact pressure between the soil and the foundation is
the same as under static load, independent of the frequencies of
vibration.
An embedded massless rigid rectangular foundation is examined
by Pais and Kausel (11). Based on the meager date published in the
literature, they suggested six static stiffness coefficients for 6 degrees of
freedom at the center of the basement. They assume that the same
dependence exists on poisson's ratio as for the disk on the surface, of
elastic half-space. The increase in stiffness for embedment leads to a
factor with which the value for the surface foundation is multiplied and
which is for surface foundation, equal to 1.
2.8 CONCLUDING REMARKS
The present chapter gives the detail ' introduction of shear wall
structures, frame system development for use in high-rise buildings. Soil
interaction theory and development discussed here.

20
3.1 GENERAL
The present study done in the dissertation has been a purely
theoretical one using the software STAAD pro2002. In this, study has
been made for building frames. The number of stories of the frames
have been raised i.e. 9,14 and 19 storey respectively and soil
parameter also changed i.e. Loose ,medium and dense.
The analysis of the frames are being done for three cases:
1. When only dead and live loads are acting
2. When only dead, live and earthquake loads are acting
3. When only dead, live and wind loads are acting

3.2 LOADS
3.2.1 Load combination
Dead Load and Live Load
The first analysis of alRthe frames is while considering the dead and live
loads only. In this the total dead load and live loads in the form of floor
load is 4.75 kN/m2 and 3.5 kN/m2 respectively. Since there is no sway
or lateral load the beam and column sections are easily designed and
no failure of any kind occurs.
Dead load, Live Load & Earthquake Load
Earthquake load on any building depends on the location of the
building, i.e., the seismic zone in which the building is being
constructed, lateral stiffness and mass. The building can be analyzed
by response spectrum or seismic coefficient method.

MI
The STAAD-pro software has generated the earthquake load
automatically. A factor of has been provided for the earthquake dead
and live loads. Frame is symmetrical and experiencing earthquake load
in x and z direction.

Wind load on a multi-storey varies with the height of the floor above
ground level. As the height of the floor increase the wind pressure
varies parabolically in vertical direction.
In the present work, wind load considered in x and z direction.
3.2.2 Live Load
For any residential building code provision of live load is given in Table
14 of Appendix.
3.2.3 Dead Loads
Considering the unit weight of various materials as
Reinforced cement concrete - 25kN/m3
Plain cement concrete - 24 kN/m3
Brick masonry - 19-20 kN/m3
Lime concrete - 18-19 kN/m3
Mud phuska - 14-15 kN/m3
Sandy soil ° 16-18 kN/m3
Water - 10 kN/m3
- 24-26 kN/m3
Fresh snow - 2.5 kN/m3
Floor finishes
Provided to maintain the thickness of structural slab. Also used to
provide required slope to floor/roof for drainage.

We can use 24-40 floor tiles/marble/terrazzo/pcc (0.65-1.0 kn.m2) as

floor finish.
3.3 DESIGNS FOR WIND LOAD

22
 In our atmosphere winds are caused due to difference in
temperature. Winds are always turbulent. However, the intensity may
be small. Windstorms can be simple gusty winds cyclones (or
Hurricanes or typhoons) and tornadoes. Many Southeast Asian
countries such as India, Bangladesh etc. are visited regularly by
cyclones or other windstorms, which cause tremendous loss to life and
property. n
Efforts have been made to make the structures safe against wind
effects. Hence for a safe design of Civil Engineering structure under
wind action requires the knowledge of the wind characteristics and the
structure form and stiffness, which will affect its response to wind.
In India, the design of residential complexes is done in
conjunction with the IS 875 (Part-3) — 1987, which specifically defines
the wind load applicable to any kind of building. In general, the wind
speed in the atmospheric boundary layer increases with height from
zero at ground to a maximum at a height called the gradient height.
Basic Wind -Speed (IS: 875 (Part3)-1987)(CI.5.2)
It can be appropriately found out from the code according to the region.
Design Wind Speed (IS: 875(Part3) — 1987)(C1.5.3)
V,=Vbk1 k2 k3
Where Vb - Basic wind speed
Vb - Design wind speed
kt - Probability factor (risk coefficient)
k2 - Terrain, height and structure size factor
k3 - Topography factor
k3 depends on the topography of the area. This varies between 1.0-
1 .36 for upward slope greater than 3® . Method to evaluate k3 is given in
Appendix C of IS 875 (part-3) — 1987. For flat region with slope < 3°, k3=
1.0
Design Wind Pressure
PZ = 0.6 V2 Z

23
 P, - design wind pressure N/m2
VZ — design wind speed m/s
Wind pressures on building/structure can be calculated form the
coefficients, which depends on h/w, 1/w and wind angle (0) where,
h — height of building
I- Horizontal dimension across wind direction
w - horizontal dimension along wind direction
0- angle of wind direction with normal to 'w'
Finally, wind force on any individual structural element F = (C pe-Cpi)Apz
Cpe - external pressure coefficient
CPI - internal pressure coefficient
Internal pressure coefficient C pl depends on the openings in the walls
and roofs.
Permeabilityopenings as % of exposed area Internal pressure
coefficient
small < 5% +0.2/-0.2
medium 5-20% + 0.5/-0.5
large > 20% + 0.5/-0.5
A - surface area of structural element
pz - design wind pressure
Low rise industrial and commercial building which include factory,
ware — house retail store and other commercial buildings are generally
not much sensitive to dynamic effects of wind loading because of their
low height.
Concrete or relatively heavy and rigid steel frames are found to
be performed adequately in resisting lateral wind forces in windstorms.
3.4 Design of Earthquake
Earthquake is the random ground motion caused due to tectonic
movements or the plates, which the whole of the earth is made up of.
This earthquake can be either horizontal or vertical in direction.

24
 In design of high rise buildings; we generally take horizontal
direction of the earthquake. Whenever we take the horizontal seismic
force, it is considered to act in one direction only. For any design-
purpose it is assumed that either earthquake or wind forces do not act
simultaneously.
Indian code has defined the type of building based on its height and the
zone in which it has been constructed. In the present work response
spectrum has been used.
Depending upon the probability of occurrence of an earthquake in a
given region, it is desirable to design the building for a_ lesser force
allows the building to undergo inelastic deformations. The intention it to
design an economical structure. There are two methods to determine
the earthquake force in a building.
(a) Seismic coefficient method or static method
(b) Response spectrum method or modal analysis or spectral
acceleration method or-dynamic method
The seismic coefficient method is generally applicable to buildings
up to 40 m in height and those are more or less symmetrical in plan and
elevation.
3.4.1 Response Spectrum Method
A building may modeled as a series of 2D plane frames in two
orthogonal directions. In each plane frame, masses may be lumped at
the floor levels, with each mass having one degree of freedom, that of
lateral displacement in the direction under consideration. Alternately, a
building may be modeled as a 3D space frame with each floor having
three degrees of freedom, two orthogonal translations and one rotation,
all in the horizontal plane.
3.4.1(a) 2D ANALYSIS
The detailed steps for a 2D plane frame analysis are as follows:
(1) Compute lumped mass at each floor level.

25
 (2) Carry out an undamped free vibration analysis to evaluate
eigenvalues and eigenvectors,that is, natural periods of
vibration and corresponding mode shapes in the first p'
modes.

The number of modes to be considered in the response spectrum

analysis should be such that at least 90% of the mass of the structure
gets excited in each of the principal horizontal direction. Eq. 1 gives the
modal mass.

9
nn i e(r
ll~P ('') _ i =1 (7)
~777 i 10i(r)
i=1

(3) Evaluate mode participation factor Cr in the rth mode:

H

car) _ ''
z (8)

i=1

where n = number of total storeys in the building

m; = mass lumped at the ith floor
¢r( ') = mode shape coefficient at ith floor level in rth mode of

(4) Evaluate a;r' design horizontal acceleration spectrum value in

the rth mode of vibration corresponding to the natural period of
vibration in each mode.
(5) Design lateral force at each floor in each mode is given by the
following equation:
Q r) = ahr)'i(r)C(r),Z ig

(6) Storey shear in each mode is given by:

n
V(r) = Q(r)

26
 (7) Modal Combinations
The peak response quantities such as storey member forces and
displacements may be combined using the complete quadratic
combination (CQC) method.

where
k = peak response quantity
2v, = response quantity in mode i
= response quantity in mode j
p = number of modes being considered (less than or equal to
Z+ 13 [3
Pij /I — / $ 1)'
\ l +
) S 2N fl7 )2

P = frequency ratio =
= modal damping ratio
Alternatively, if the modes are not closely spaced as defined
earlier, the SRSS method of mode superposition may be used.

2.1 = peak response quantity

Closely spaced modes
In order to verify which of the modes are closely spaced, the
following criteria can be applied.

also 1 <I <j <p

cv;

(8) Lateral force at floor due to all modes considered is computed

as follows:
Froof = Vroof

and F j = V; — V~+1
Where
F; = lateral force at I-th flor

27
 V;, V;+1 = Storey shears at I-th and l+1th storeys
(9) Carry out a 2D frame analysis for dead loads, live loads and
lateral forces F; in each mode and get the member forces for
the specified load combinations. Finally, find the response
quantities of interest, that is, member forces and
displacements.
(10) Check the frame for storey drift.
3.4.1(b) 3D ANALYSIS
The steps for a 3D space frame analysis are as follows:
(1) Prepare the data for the entire building as a series of plane
frames in both orthogonal directions.
(2) Compute the translation mass as well as rotational mass for
each floor.
(3) Determine the center of gravity of the mass on each floor.
(4) The inertial force is applied at the center of gravity of each
floor. The direction of the response spectra is specified along
X or Y or Z directions, or even all the three directions
simultaneously, if required.
(5) The 3D analysis takes care of the horizontal and vertical
distribution of lateral forces on the entire building assuming the
floor diaphragm is very rigid.
(6) It should be remembered that the earthquake force or wind
force is generally applied only along the direction X or Y at a
time, and the building is designed. Now the lateral force is
applied in the other direction, and the design of the building is
checked. The corner columns are designed for bi-axial
..
•iiii.Iiit.

Several papers have been published which have used different

analogies for shear wall frame bents. These can be broadly categorized
as follows:

28


U' C
C

Fig. (3.1) (a) Equivalent frame analogy

(b) Wide column Analogy
(c) Finite element analogy

I Din
1 lb 91.E T°P
®eomgl.*►artt 3Q Engln.4r'o thoory
RIgId — of b nding (a-M°Z)
ConnOCtor 0.3751n. Finite
t~®aen. eler*,ent® 26 Wide column !4çr8
1.1251n, ~
Coir,ent1onol flnito
®Ismsnt
+ E .1.1251n, 15

10
2 Sin.
`` 2.5on. No op®nIn04

~ I 1 .®75in.~ J 11 .b761n-
i .e7esn.
118751n., L
•
1® 40 80 Pal

(c)
(®) (b1

Fig. (3.2) Edge stress for shear walls

(a) Wall
Wide column frame analogy for wall
(b)
(c) Finite element analogy for wall
(d) Edge stress

29
(1) Equivalent frame analogy
Length of beams is taken to be the distance between the centroidal
axes of adjacent columns as in Fig. 3.1(a) and wall is treated as a
venereal truss. The approach is unrealistic when the width of columns is
not negligible compared with their centre to center distances. It has
limited applicability and overestimates the deflections.
(2) Wide Column frame analogy
Line members of corresponding stiffness along the axes
represent the walls and beams. The influence of finite width of wall
being taken by assuming beams to be infinitely stiff from center of wall
to edge of actual opening as shown in Fig. 3.1(b). A special rigid ended
element can be added to frame program.
(3) Finite element analogy
It can be considered as a generalized displacement method for
two and 3-D continuum problems. The shear wall is divided into a
number of triangular and rectangular elements as shown in Fig. 3.1(c).
Finite element gives best estimate of deflection at top and of stresses at
the fixed end. Use of triangular elements with a reduced mesh size at
the comers gives realistic approach.
Macleod (12) analysed few models experimentally as well as
analytically based on wide column frame analogy and finite element
approach. Fig. 3.2 illustrates the coupled shear wall analysed by him.
It was shown that results as obtained by the two approaches are
very close to each other. The wide column analogy gives good estimate
of stress for walls with slender connecting beams, but as the beams
stiffer better picture of stress distribution is achieved using finite
elements.
It can therefore be concluded that wide column frame solution is
adequate for ordinary shear walls. Study conducted at Portland Cement
Association, Skokie, Illuinois (3) shows that with the plane frame

In
computer program, which incorporates finite joints, it is possible to
effectively analyse most shear walls.
The following assumptions are made for analysis:
(1) The frame shear wall system is considered as a two
dimensional problem. Effect of torsion is not considered.
(2) The frame and shear wall are fixed at base so that no rotation
or translation or differential settlement is considered possible.
(3) The shear wall is meshed into 4-noded element and analysed
as a plane stress element.

3.6 ANALYSIS
3.6.1 General
Several computer programs are available for analyzing and
design of multistory building frame. Some of these programs have very
attractive window based pre-processors and post-processors. [14]
STAAD. Pro-2002 is an analysis and design software package for
structural engineering. Analysis and design of building has been done in
this dissertation by using this software. [15].
of Multistory Building in
Flow Chart for Analyzing
Start

Create model
of building

Specify member
properties

Specify material
constants

Specify supports

Specify loads

Analysis/design

View Output file

31
 3.6.2 Problem
A Multi story reinforced concrete frame type residential building
situated in Delhi (Seismic zone IV) subjected to earthquake.
The size of building is 19. 5 m x 18 m. Height of each floor is 3.1 m. {as
shown in fig.3.3 (c)}.
Column sizes: Cl = 0.7 m x 0.70 m,
Seam sizes: B1 = 0.5 m x 0.50m without slab,
Elevation and Plan of building are shown in figure 3.1 to 3.2
The grade of concrete mix and steel used are M20 to M40 and Fe
415 respectively.
Slab thickness = 0.120 m,
Shear wall thickness =0.40m
Parapet wall 0.75 height and 0.120 m thick,
Assumption: -- Modulus of elasticity is calculated as per IS:456-
2000[6]
Ec = 5000 Vfck
Where ffk is 28 days cube strength concrete.
Damping is taken as 5% for critical for all modes.
Load combination: -- Building is designed for different load
combinations given below with and without shear wall.
(i) .5(DL + LL)
(ii) 1.2(DL + LL + EIx)
(iii) 1.2(DL ± LL + Elz)
(iv) 0.9 DL±1.5EIx

3.7 SOIL INTERACTION ANALYSIS

A 14-storeyed building has been chosen for investigating the effect

of soil-structure interaction. There are following parameter
consideration and assumption in Foundation

32
 x

.~ ~1. fl ll Ili E 1i

Fig. (3.3) PLAN AND ELEVATION OF BUILDING

33
(i) 14 story building analysed with and without shear wall for
earthquake in x direction only
(ii) Dynamic analysis has been done for soil interaction of
building using response spectrum method.
(iii) Concrete compressive strength of 25 MPa have taken for
designing of foundation.
(iv) Three different types of soils namely loose soil, medium soil
and dense, unit weight 12.8 ,14,16 kN/m 3 and shear wave velocity
(Vs ) loose soil as 150 m/s, medium soil shear wave velocity (Vs)
300 m/s, and dense sand for shear wave velocity (VS ) as 600 m/s
(iii) Design of footings, raft footing for density 14.00 kN/m 3 size

20mxl 8.5m.

(vi) Analysis for Soil-Structure Interaction by replacing soil and

footing by equivalent spring in each degree of freedom.

(vii) After calculating spring constant for actual foundation size and
soil type put these values in STAAD model for analysis.

(viii) Soil footing system below an individual structural column can

be replaced equivalent elastic springs. These in general are vertical,
horizontal, rotational and torsional springs. These spring constants
have been incorporated into the displacement method of analysis of
structures. To investigate the effects of soil-structure interaction the
frame is idealized as an assemblage of column and beam elements
resting on spring supports.

3.7.1 Modelling of soil

There is a method for define spring constant given by functions (Wong
Luco and
& ) boundaryryintegral formulation (Dominguez ofd &uze~as)
In this method six tables present comprehensive and easy-to-use
information for dynamic "spring" coefficients. The information is in the

34
 form of simple algebraic formulas and dimensionless graphs pertaining
to all possible (transnational and rotational) modes of oscillation and
covering a wide range of idealized soil profiles and foundation
geometries. Out of these six table (14.1) and (14.2) is used for
evaluating dynamic spring coefficient. Table 4.1 and the accompanying
set of graphs refer to foundations of any solid shape resting on the
surface of a homogeneous half space. Table 4.2 and the related
graphs are for foundations with any solid base mat shape partially or
fully embedded in a homogenous halfsapce. (i&..

Given data

Shear velocity Vs=150mt/sec, 150mt/sec, 150mt/sec density y=12.8

,14,16 kN/m3 size of foundation 20. x18. 5 raft foundation 3 meter
deep,5 meter depth overall C = 29.38 Mn, L = 20 m, B = 18.5 m,

LB=---1 =1.07
19.5

Table. I

ABLE FOR SPRING CONSTANT (3-D)

KMx
Type
S.W.V KFx KFy KFz (MNm/ KMy KMz
of Soil
(m/s) (MN) (MN) (MN) deg) (MNm/deg) (MNm/deg)
LOOS 129.
E 150 129 131.36 6 6875 1.1e4 6864
MEDI
UM 300 389 490 389 29442 4.71 e4 29141
DENS
E 600 1737 2237 1773 136996 21.08E+04 132612

35
 Tr : : ,

.~

TABLE FOR SPRING CONSTANT (3-D)

Type ° KFx KFy KFz KMx KMy KMz

Soil
S.W.V (m/s) (MN) (MN) (MN) (MNm/deg) (MNm/deg) (MNm/deg)
LOOSE 150 126.5 130.4 123.47 6320 1e4 6187
MEDIUM300 389 487.3 387 28450 4.61e4 27503
DENSE 600 1773 2237 1773 134256 21.07E+04 133245

WITH INTERACTION SHEAR WALL-2

Table. 3
TABLE FOR SPRING CONSTANT (3-0)
S.W.
Type 01 V
KFx KFy KFz KMx KMy KMz
Soil
(m/s) (MN) (MN) (MN) (MNm/deg) (MNm/deg) (MNm/deg)
LOOSE 150 126.5 155.4 123.4 6290 511.36 5980
MEDIUM 300 389 485 342 28751 4.65e4
DENSE 600 1702 2460 1773 13122 21.05E+04 13029

The present chapter gives the parametric study of analysis. Different analysis
method also discussed. Numerical data of soil interaction and seismic
analysis is tabulated.

36
 4.1 General
A numerical method has been carried out on frame building by
changing various parameters like story ht. and soil property. The result
obtain from STADPRO-2002 is tabulated and compared. A comparative
study is carried out for axial force, bending moment, time period, story
drift, joint displacement, shear force and mode participation.
Fig( 4 ) shows various factors which affects the lateral stiffness of a
shear wall. The four levels represent parameters involved in
construction, overall dimensions, disposition of openings and
dispositions of row openings.
4.2 Discussion of parameters involved
The material of the wall is considered to be linearly elastic and is
assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic and continuous. The wall is
assumed to be connected at their bases to a rigid foundation.
The thickness of the shear wall is constant throughout the height.
Provided the loading on the wall does not tend to induce buckling
effects, change of wall thickness will affect both the stiffness and
stresses linearly, shear wall modeled as a 4-noded plane stress
element.
The most common pattern of the openings occur when the
openings are in vertical rows throughout the height of the structure and
it is the behaviors of the walls of this type which is investigated as
coupled shear walls.

Soil parameters changed from loose to dense and story height

also changed for Case:
1 } Static loading

37
 2) Earthquake in X and Z direction
Each loading results are compared.
4.3 Discussion of results for fixed base buildings
In this part of the study buildings are assumed to be fixed at the
base, analysis is carried out for 21 cases. The result obtained are
discussed under following sub heads:
4.3.1 Fundamental time period:
Table( 4 ) and fig(4.1) shows the time period worked out for
various condition. The time period without shear wall is high and
decreases rapidly from 19-story to 9-story. After introducing shear wall
time period almost reduce to half of without shear wall. The decrease in
time period is more in case of shear wall-2.
The pattern in X and Z direction is same even though numerical
value increase slightly in case of earthquake in Z direction as shown in
fig(4.1 a) and fig(4.1 b).
4.3.2 Comparison of maximum response
The response quantities compare here are base shear, shear,
moments, axial force along edge frame and middle frame, story drift and
joint displacement also compared for outer column at story level.
The response is obtained from frequency cut off of mode shape33
Hz.
(a)Joint displacement
Table.8 and figure 4.2 shows the discrete values of joint
displacement for various conditions. The pattern is same forl9, 14 and
9 story for same direction. It is decreased in case of shear wall. The
displacement is higher for base frame structure. Even there is more
reduction in joint displacement in case of shear wall-2. it is due to whole
story line under consideration lies within shear wall. This effect is
negligible in case of Z direction earthquake as shown in table. 8 and fig
(4.2a). The maximum values at top level are more in case of earthquake
in Z direction.

W
(c)Story drift
Table.7 and fig(4.3) shows the value for static and dynamic loading. In
casa of static analysis story drift are almost same for wind in X and Z
direction. Although it is lower to dynamic loading. The pattern is similar
for same direction. The values decrease after introducing shear wall. In
case of shear wall-2 and X direction story drift reduction is more as
stiffness is high in X direction for shear wall-2. The story drift lies well
below to permissible limit for all cases.
(d) Base shear
Table.8 and fig(4.4) shows variation of base shear when
earthquake is in X and Z direction respectively. The base shear follow
same pattern for X and Z direction. Base shear is same for 9,14, and 19
story building. It is due to time period increase as story height is
increased. After introducing shear wall the base shear increase due to
increase in the stiffness of structure. The change is more for shear wall-
2 when earthquake is in X direction the change is more for shear wall-2.
it is also due to high lateral resistance along X direction.

(e) Shear force:-

Variation of shear force along edge and middle frame in table.6 for
10,14,and 19 storeys respectively. The distribution is symmetrical along
the frame. Shear force increase for shearwall-2 as dead load is
increased. After introducing shear wall high forces distributed along
shear wall and remaining portion has lesser forces shear force
increases along the frame in the direction of the earthquake when shear
wall is introduced.
(f) Axial force:
Variation of axial force along edge and middle frame in table. 5 for
10,14,and 19 story respectively. The distribution is symmetrical along
the frame. After introducing axial wall high forces distributed along axial
wall and remaining portion has lesser forces axial force increases along

39
the frame in the direction of the earthquake when shear wall is
introduced.
(g)Bending moment:
Variation of bending moment force along edge and middle frame in
table.7 for 10,14,and 19 story respectively. The distribution is
symmetrical along the frame. Bending moment force increase for
bending moment wall-2 as stiffness is increased. After introducing shear
wall high forces distributed along shear wall and remaining structure
has lesser bending moment increases along the frame in the direction
of the earthquake when shear wall is introduced.

4.3.3 Discussion of parameters for result of flexible base building-

A parametric study has been carried out to examine the effect of base
flexibility on the response of the building analyzed for fixed base
condition.
The foundation is analyzed for loose medium and dense soil for 14-
story building. Then result is obtained are discussed in following sub
heads:
(a)Fundamental time period:-
Time period is evaluated for 4 cases. In cases of dense soil time period
is nearly equal to time period without interaction In all cases for
medium soil variation is slight and with shear wall it is on higher side sa
shown in tabie.9. For loose soil change is higher than medium and
dense soil even it increases more when shear wall incorporated to the
system.

(b)Story drift:-

The pattern of story drift is similar for same building parameter. The
change of soil condition does not effect very much in case of building
without shear wall. It is highest when building is with shear wall-2. The

40
story drift is highest when soil condition is loose, the drift is in
permissible limit for all cases as shown in fig(4.5).

Base shear:

The value of base shear increase from dense to medium. When loose
soil is modeled, value of shear reduces. Loose soil with shear wall-1
having minimum base shear value. The value of base shear increase
for loose soil with shear wall-2 as shown in fig (4.6) and table. 11
® Maximum settlement:
It is highest for loose soil with shear wall-2. It is due to
higher weight of building for dense condition change is very
small and closed to fixed base settlement (table.10).
® Maximum joint displacement:
The joint displacement does not vary for dense and
medium soil but for loose soil it is 10% to20%.It follows the
pattern of story drift along the height of building (table.13).

4.4 Cost-benefit aspect of shear wall

Assumptions
There are following assumption while evaluating the cost of shear wall
structure.
(1) Only bare frame analysis is done for designing.
(2) Concrete rates are increased in order to get actual cost of higher
concrete mixes.
(3) Shear wall reinforcement is not counted while evaluating cost of
the building.
(4) Foundation cost is not incorporated in the total cost.
(5) Thickness of shear wall is (0.4 meter), beam size and column size
constant for all cases.

41
Cost of concrete /cum =Rs 2700

Cost of steel per ton= Rs 17500

Cost of various arrangements in the building (in Rs)

IN Rs 9-STORY 14-STORY 19-STORY

WITOUT 2388467 3668614 5286855
SHEAR
WALL
WITH 3250391 4913148 6610323
SHEAR
WALL-1
WITH 362193 5362301 7233832
SHEAR
WALL-2

CONCLUDING REMARKS
Different parameter discussed under dynamic and static
loading. There comparative description is summarized under
various parameter sub heads. Cost evaluation for different story
height yield uneconomical result for given constraint.

iN
 CHAPTER 5

5.1 General
Present study was carried out on buildings of different height with
same plan. The building data assumed is more realistic and closer to
actual practice. The study carried out is analytical in approach. The
study is also carried out for change in soil parameters and the cost
benefit aspect of incorporating shear walls has also been studied.
5.2 Conclusions:
Based on the analytical study the following conclusions may be
drawn:
-('I) The frame shear wall structural system is an efficient system in
limiting the lateral displacement in multistory buildings.
(2) There is small variation in the forces when the earthquake
direction is changed, in case of symmetrical buildings.
(3) The shear wall resist much larger forces due to its high stiffness
and the other members have smaller forces resulting in smaller
dimension of that member.
(4) The base shear remains constant for the same plan of the
building even though the building height is raised.
(5) The location of shear wall-2 is more efficient in controlling the
lateral forces.
(6) When the soil structure interaction is accounted for, it caused a
reduction in the base shear and base moment.
(7) Soil structure interaction with shear wall indicates larger
settlement.
(8) In case of symmetrical structures and symmetrical foundations,
the soil interaction analysis does not yield high variation in forces.

43
 (9) It is not economical to provide shear wall up to 20-story building
height if member thickness are constant.
6.3 Scope for further study
(1) The present study has been attributed to frame shear wall
structures; core structure and coupled shear walls could be treated
on similar lines.
(2) The study considers buildings up to 20-storeys. Furthur work can
be done on higher number of storeys so that height appropriate for
use of frame shear wall system may be determined.
(3) Use of shear wall extending up to intermediate height of a
building needs investigation.
(4) An extensive soil interaction work is required to predict the
more general picture of shear wall effect on the foundation.
 REFRENCES

1. Carden, B., "Concrete Shear Walls Combined with Rigid

Frames in Multistory Buildings subjected to Lateral Loads,,,
Journal ACI, Vol.58, NO.31961, pp299-14.

2. Frishmann, W.W., Prabhu, S.S. and Toppler, J.E., "M ltistory

Frames and Interconnected shear walls subjected to lateral
loads,, . Indian concrete Journal, Vol. 3, No.6, 1964, pp2192290.

3. Khan, F.R. and Sbarounis, J.A.`Interaction of shear wall and

frames,, , Proc. ASCE, Vol. 90 NO. ST3JUNE 1983, pp 285-335.

4. ACI Committee `442. "Response of building to lateral forces--,

Journal ACI, Vol.68, No.2, Feb1971, PP 81-108.

5. Petroveski, J and Jurovski, D (1977), " Influenceof soil structure

interaction on dynamic response of structures' Report Proc sixth
WCEE, January, vol.4, PP.4-163-4-168.

6. Richard A. Parmelle, R.A. (1967) -- Building Foundation

interaction effects,, , Journal of the engineering mechanics
Division, ASCE, Vol.93.

7. Blot, J.P. (1985), - Dylamic Soil-Structure Interaction--, New

York.

8. Merrit and Housner (1988), "Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction

Analysis,, , PrenticeHall Englewood Cliffs, N.J.

9. Barkan, D.D. (1962), " Elastic Properties of soil" chapter viii in

Dynamics of bases and foundations, first Edition McGraw Hill
Book Co. New York, p13.

10. Richart, FE, Jr, Hall, J.R. and Woods, R.D. (1970) - Theories for
vibrations of foundations of elastic media-, Chapter 7 in vibration
45
 of soils and foundations, Prentice Hall, Inc, Englewood cliffs,
N.J. pp191-235.

11. Pais and Kausel, E. (1981), An Explicit Solution for the Green
Functions for Dynamic Loads in Layered Media,, , Research
Report R81-13, MIT.

12. Macleod, l.A., - Lateral Stiffness of shear walls -, Tall Buildings

Edited by Couls A. and Smith, B.S.

13. Macleod I.A., "Shearv~all frame interaction ,- Special publication,

Portland cement association, Old orchard Road Skokie, Illinois,
April 1971.

14. Jain, A.K. (2001), Failure of multistory Buildings in Ahemdabad,

,, Lesson to relearn", The Indian Concrete journal, Vol.75,
December-2001, No.12pp (765-769).

15. STAAD-Pro2002, rA software package for Analysis and design

of Civil Engineering structures,, RESAERCH ENGINEERS
INTERNATIONAL.

16. Wong and Luco, " Dynamic Response of a Rigid Footing Bonded
to an ElasticHalf space,, , Journal of Applied Mech., ASME,
1972, 39, 527-534.

17. Gazetas, G. and Domignguez (1987), - Simple physical methods

for foundation Impedances,, , Dynamic Behavior of Foundations
and Buried Structures Elsevier Applied Science, New York,
N.Y., chapter 2, pp. 45-94.

18. Gazetas, G. and Roesset, J.M. (1979), "Vertical vibrations of

machine foundations ,, , Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering
Division, ASCE, 105, pp. 1435-1454.
 story drift for static loading

10
8
E
E 6 f 19-STORY WIND IN X
DIRECTION (cm) I
—f--19-STORY WIND IN Z
a 4 DIRECTION (cm)
2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
story ht(m)

story drift for static loading

5
4
4 14-STORY WIND IN X
E3 DIRECTION (cm)
2 --. 14-STORY WIND IN Z
DIRECTION (cm)
~ 1
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
story ht.(m)

story drift for static loading

1.4
1.2
~.. 1
it9-STORY WIND IN X
C.) 0.8 DIRECTION (cm)
0.6 - —*-9 -STORY WIND IN Z
0.4 DIRECTION (cm)
0.2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
story ht.(m)

FIG(4.3c ):STORY DRIFT FOR STATIC ANALYSIS

50

k
4 + ,`
C
T 111432 `
(nJAk/o ff
 story drift

7
. WITHOUT SHEAR
6 WALL DENSE SOIL (cm)
- 5
C., M . WITHOUT SHEAR
WALL MEDIUM SOIL
3 (cm)
2 WITHOUT SHEAR
1 WALL LOOSE SOIL (cm)
0
0 20 40 60
building ht(m)

story drift

-WITH SHEAR WALL-1

— DENSE SOIL (cm)
E 4
WITH SHEAR WALL-1
-S 3 MEDIUM SOIL (cm)
2 WITH SHEAR WALL-1
I LOOSE SOIL (cm)

0
0 10 20 30 40 50
building ht.(m)

story drift
 for 19-story

—d— WITHOUT SHEAR

WALL Z mm
°--WITH SHEAR WALL-1 Z
•:r mm
WITH SHEAR WALL-2
Zmm
J
20 40 60 80

~F/ `/ ~r~k" { ~ xr"f ♦

1 • ~

t „{•..... t,...x rr ~.'!°trr°,'YS'S~. °.un"..,45`.'ex's

` :'. •~ .
 joint displacement 19-story

~ •~f ~f r~~ ~~ ~ ,~ ~f~_ ~~~ f~r~f •

1:1
1

,til.

1' l

• {%'yea T rS r.{ry ;;:r:=: ~ ~ 'r i `-•.: a:

L

y .
.......

1 t s

FIG( 4.2a):EAR 9 HQUAKE IN X-DIRECTION

55
i
f { i

I
ry
T'C '
f Jf

ff
r/E
,G.•...r r [? .. A
l4 ✓✓ 1 ,5/r ~ {

IL

r. f.~r:rili
 Base shear for various soil

2500
a JMDENSESOIL
19
2000 MMEDIUM SOIL
1500 OLOOSE SOIL
II) 1000
0)
500
IM
n
WITOUT WITH WITH
SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
WALL WALL-1 WALL-2

57
 Cost of building (Rs)

8000000
7000000
6000000
5000000 r®9-STORY
4000000 ®14-STORY
tj 3000000 O19-STORY
2000000
1000000
0
WITOUT WITH WITH
SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
WALL WALL-1 WALL-2

fig(46) COST OF DIFFERENT SCHEME ADOPTED FOR STUDY

 STORY DRIFT EARTHQUAKE IN X DIRECTION

Table 8.2.

19-STORY DRIFT 14- STORY DRIFT - STORY DRIFT

WITHO WITH WITH WITHO WITH WITH WITHOU WITH WITH
3TORJT T HEAR SHEAR T SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
SHEAR ALL-1 WALL-2 SHEAR ALL-1 WALL-2 SHEAR WALL- WALL-2
in WALL WALL WALL 1
t) in cm) in cm) in cm) in cm) in cm) in cm) in cm) in cm) in cm)
3.1 .2595 ).0678 ).081 0.2601 0.0456 0.0447 .2562 ).0526 ).0513
6.2 .7699 L2201 ).228 0.778 0.1702 0.1489 .757 .1858 ).1646
9.31.3569 ).4194 ).4198 1.3705 0.3329 0.281 1.315 ).3526 ).3027
12.41.9579 L6472 .6412 1.967 0.5211 0.43191.8525 ).5362 ).4505
15.5 2.5484 1.1561 .8828 2.539r 0.7279 0.5953 .3363 ).7266 ).601
)
18.6 .1186 1.4302 1.1405 3.0764 0.9503 0.7713 .7517 ).9159 ).7492
21. 3.6646 1.7145 1.42 3.573r 1.1863 0.959 .0898 1.0959 ).8897
24.8 1.1861 L0075 1.7 4.0281 1.434 1.15913.3438 1.2592 1.017
27.c 1.6818 .3077 .30 4.4371 1.6904 1.3671 3.5175 1.3995 1.1275
31 .1508 .6136 .447 4.79 1.9506 1.579
34.3 5.5909 2.924 .601 5.1042 2.208 1.7912
37A 5.9997 3.2365 .9188 5.3548 2.4542 1.9948
40.5 5.3751 3.5481 1232 5.6813 2.6816 2.183
43.e 3.7152 3.8547 L52 13.871 2.8825 2.353
46. .0181 .1512 L82
49.8 .2812 .4314 L12
52. 1.5012 L6895 L40
56 7 .6759 1.9191 L65
59.1 1.8093 5.21 L87
JOINT DIPLACE MENT ALONG THE hLEIGHT OF COLUMN X DIRECTION
Table 9.2

JOINT DISPLACEMENT IO1NT DISPLACEMENT OINT DISPLACEMENT

19-STORY BUILDING 14-STORY BUILDING -STORY BUILDING
VITRO WITH WITH WITHOUT WITH WITH WITHOU WITH WITH
T SHEAR HEAR SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR SHEA HEAR HEAR
SHEAR WALL- WALL- WALL WALL- WALL-2 WALL WALL- W ALL-
ALL 1 1 1
Node mm mm mm <mm X m mm mm mm mm
1 2.551 .0321 0.252 2.558 0.911 0.15 .504 ).149 .04
5 7.74 0.916 0.773 7.742 2.312 0.4 1.512 ).507 .357
9 13.722 2.37r 1.75 13.65 3.952 0.96513.065 1.528 .946
13 19.852 4.107 3.103 19.608 5.902 1.718.422 .656 1.711
17 25.88 6.17 4.731 25.321 8.082 2.63 3.249 3.96 .587
21 31.69 8.52r 6.588 30.692 10.433 3.661 7.393 5.364 3.534
25 37.261 11.09 8.63f 35.661 12.903 4.786 30.756
0.756 .813 k523
29 42.561 13.82E 10.838 40.20 14.91 5.979 33.244
3.244 .247 5.538
33 47.59 16.691 13.166 44.29 15.447 7.221 35.144 .686 3.533
37 52.33 19.652 15.592 47.885 18.027 8.492
41 56.775 22.676 18.09 50.954 20.613 9.781
5 60.88 25.738 20.645 53.448 23.185 11.077
9 64.651 28.815 23.231 55.31 25.716 12.37
53 68.04 31.887 25.835 56.856 28.158 13.671
57 70.526 34.9 28.44
61 73.078 37.965 31.05
65 75.17 40.957 33.671
69 76.75c 43.908 36.28
73 78.179 46.74 38.909
 19-STORY BUILDING TIME PERIOD AN MODE PARTICIPATION
FACTOR(Z DIR)
ITHOUT SHEAR WALL WITH SHEAR WITH SHEAR WALL-2
ALL-1
MODE
ARTICI I1ODE
MODE ATION ARTICIPATIO
PERIOD PARTICIPATION PERIOD ACTOR PERIOD I FACTOR IN
MODE (SEC) FACTOR IN % SEC IN % SEC /®
1 3.30416 78.522 1.76329 67.199 1.47374 66.46
20.99236 78.522 0.96852 67.19 0.8429 66.46
30.45552 38.971 0.542 81.52 0.49081 80.189
40.38527 88.971 0.39893 83.971 0.38305 82.418
5 0.36636 88.972 0.35567 84.04 0.33194 82.547
6 0.27952 88.989 0.31233 85.422 0.30594 83.893
70.24993 100 0.2923 100 0.2500 100
80.24213 0.2462 10 0.24307
9 0.22163 0.23453 0.21979
0.21436 0.15646 .11099

BUILDING TIME PERIOD AN MODE PARTICIPATION FACTOR(X DIR)-14

story

Table 4.2
WITHOUT SHEAR WITH SHEAR WITH SHEAR
WALL ALL-1 WALL-2
MODE MODE
PARTICI PARTICI I1ODE
PATI O N ATI ON PARTICIPATI
MOD PERIOD FACTOR PERIOD ACTOR PERIOD N FACTOR
E (SEC) IN % SEC IN % SEC IN %
1 2.37355 78.676 1.05715 64.1 0.9408 66.94
2 1.50475 78.676 0.6152 64.19 0.55933 66.94
3 0.75939 88.657 0.43284 73.49 0.42465 77.41
4 0.5782 88.657 0.3375 74.79 0.31502 80.723
5 0.42268 92.531 0.30177 76.511 0.3117 80.755
6 0.37647 92.531 0.22833 76.511 0.2301 82.109
7 0.36228 100 0.2205 100 0.22074 100
8 0.33261 0.21479 0.21379
9 0.27774 0.18587 0.18771
0.15646 0.1706
9-STORY BUILDING TIME PERIOD AN MODE PARTICIPATION FACTOR
(X DIR)
Table 4.3

WITHOUT SHEAR WALL VITh SHEAR WALL-1 WITH SHEAR WALL-2

MODE MODE AODE
PERIOD PARTICIPATION PERIOD DARTICIPATION PERIOD PARTICIPATION
MODE (SEC) FACTOR IN % SEC) ACTOR IN % SEC ACTOR IN %
1 1.47039 78.522 .63765 52.781 .55249 9.016
2199236 78.522 .36112 32.781 .32348 i5.219
3 .45552 88.971 .33559 58.234 .29748 5.219
4 0.38527 88.971 .27574 77.221 .23108 7.662
5 0.36636 88.972 .21014 77.221 ).20313 19.946
6 127952 88.989 .20526 79.557 ).194 79.946
7 .24993 100 ).19328 ).18724 100
8124213 .14871 .14679
9122163 .13266 .13216
0.21436 0.1564 .11099

STORY DRIFT IN CM FOR STATIC LOADING

Table 8.3

19-STORY 14-STORY -STORY

WIND IN X NIND IN Z NIND IN X NIND IN Z IND IN X 1IND IN Z
STORY DIRECTION DIRECTION DIRECTION DIRECTION IRECTION DIRECTION
in m) (in cm) (in cm) in cm) (in cm (in cm (in cm
3.1 0.2797 0.2917 0.1988 .213 0.104 0.10
6.2 0.8352 0.8652 0.5842 .6321 0.3022 0.3131
9.3 1.4727 1.5227 1.0177 1.123 0.5154 0.531
12.4 2.1325 2.1925 1.4487 1.50f 0.7141 0.7344
15.5 2.771 2.8471 1.8575 1.96 0.885 0.9095
18.6 3.383 3.4753 2.2357 2.321 1.0253 1.0516
21.7 3.9615 4.0715 2.5789 2.631 1.13 1.1584
24.8 4.512 4.632 2.8841 2.92 1.2004 1.2301
27.9 5.0547 5.1547 3.1494 3.342 1.2428 1.273
31 5.4978 5.6378 3.3736 3.543
34.1 5.9108 6.0788 3.5547 3.765
37.2 6.37 6.4761 3.6925 3.8763
40.3 6.63 6.8289 3.7893 3.8898
43.4 6.9389 7.1367 3.8532 3.9572
46.5 7.1867 7.3992
49.6 7.382 7.6166
52.7 7.5466 7.7894
55.8 7.6694 7.9202
58.9 7.7502 8.0176
 TIME PERIOD FOR 19, 14 AND 9 STORY FOR DIFFERENT CONDITION
Table 4.4

WITHOUT SHEAR WALL WITH SHEAR WALL-1 NITH SHEAR WALL-2

PERIOD PERIOD PERIOD PERIOD ERIOD ERIOD DERIOD PERIOD 3ERIOD
ODE (SEC) SEC SEC SEC SEC SEC SEC SEC SEC)
1 3.30416 2.373551.47039 1.76329 1.05715 .63765 1.4737 0.9408 .55249
20.99236 1.50475 0.99236 0.96852 0.6152 .36112 0.8429 0.5593 .32348
30.45552 0.75939 0.45552 0.542 0.43284 1.33559 0.49081 0.42465 1.29748
40.38527 0.57820.38527 0.39893 0.3375 .27574 0.3830f 0.3150 1.23108
50.36636 0.42268 0.36636 0.3556 0.3017 .21014 0.3319 0.3117 .20313
0.27952 0.376470.27952 0.3123 0.22833 .20526 0.30594 0.2301 .194
0.24993 0.36228 0.24993 0.2923 0.2205 .19328 0.2500 0.22074 .18724
0.24213 0.332610.24213 0.2462 0.21479 .14871 0.2430 0.2137c .14679
90.22163 0.277740.22163 0.23453 0.1858 .13266 0.2197 0.18771 ).13216
0.21436 0.21436 0.15646 0.15646 0.15646 0.1706 .11099

SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION WITHOUT SHEAR WALL

Table 9.2

MAXIMUM JOINT
DISPLACEMENT X DIRECTION
MAXIMUM SETTLEMENT
Without Vithout
oil oil Medium
structure Dense Medium tructure Dense ense
nteraction soil dense soil Loose soil nteraction oil 3oiI Loose soil
mm X mm X mm X mm mm mm mm mm
57.027 57.69 59.73 65.14 -16.078 -20.779 -34.7 -79.24
Table 7.2

MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE MAXIMUM MOMEMNT Mz

Nithout Vithout
oil oil 1edium
tructure Dense Medium tructure Dense lense
nteraction soil dense soil Loose soil nteraction oil oil oose soil
FyN FN FN FN lz kNm Mz kNm lz kNm Mz kNm
5.76E+06 5.97E+06 8.78E+06 8.34E+06 408.924 406.314 405.25 390.34

TIME PERIOD AND MODE PARTICIPATION FACTOR WITHOUT SHEAR

WALL

Table 4.2.1

DENSE SOIL MEDIUM SOIL LOOSE SOIL

(shear velocity600m/sec shear velocity 300m/sec shear velocity l5OmIsec )
MODE MODE MODE
PERIOD PARTICIPATION PERIOD ARTICIPATION PERIOD ARTICIPATION
MODE (SEC) FACTOR IN % SEC ACTOR IN % SEC ACTOR IN %
1 2.39303 78.308 2,53668 80.59 2.66641 77.895
2 1.50656 78.308 1.561 80.597 1.52428 77.89
3 0.76065 88.352 0.88811 91.709 0.77721 89.351
4 0.57868 88.352 0.63521 91.709 0.58452 89.351
5 0.42325 92.21 0.4836k 95.522 0.43015 93.22
6 0.37652 92.21 0.40471 95.522 0.37693 93.22
7 0.36267 100 0.3780 100 0.36732 100
8 0.33271 0.3421 0.33382
9 0.27818 0.3248 0.28404
MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE MAXIMUM MOMEMNT Mz
ithout Nithout
oil oil Medium
tructure Medium tructure Dense ease Loose
nteraction Dense soil dense soil Loose soil nteraction oil oif oil
FykN FykN F kN F kN Mz kNm Mz kNm z kNm Az kNm
17904.31 10236.916 9791.4350 9531.98 277.498 626.424 1028.931400.076

TIME PERIOD AND MODE PARTICIPATION FACTOR FOR SHEAR WALL-2

Table 4.4

DENSE SOIL MEDIUM SOIL LOOSE SOIL

(shear velocity 600m/sec shear velocity 300m/sec shear velocity 50m/sec)
MODE MODE MODE
PERIOD PARTICIPATION PERIOD ARTICIPATION PERIOD ARTICIPATION
MODE SEC FACTOR IN %o SEC) FACTOR IN % SEC FACTOR IN
1 1.07584 70.557 1.30463 74.021 1.76083 76.494
2 0.63624 70.557 0.73405 74.021 0.83693 76.494
3 0.42752 80.539 0.43347 83.976 0.4474 87.684
4 0.3214 82.071 0.32824 84.77 0.33382 88.14
5 0.3132 83.284 0.31447 86.26 0.31742 89.74
6 0.23051 84.662 0.23189 87.77 0.24447 89.744
7 0.22238 100 0.22716 bC 0.23593 10
0.25826 0.21722

BASE SHEAR IN KN WHEN EARTH QUAKE IN X DIRECTION

Table 10

IN KN DENSE MEDIUM SOIL, LOOSE SOIL

SOIL
WITOUT 1248 1061 1592
SHEAR
WALL
WITH 2068 1871 832
SHEAR
WALL-1
WITH 2370 2065 1668
SHEAR
WALL-2
STORY DRIFT
Table 8.4

WITHOUT SHEAR WALL WITH SHEAR WALL-1 WITH SHEAR WALL-

MEDIUM
DENSE MEDIUM LOOSE DENSE : MEJUM LOOSE DENS DENS LOOSE
HEIGHT SOIL SOI SOI SOIL SOIL SOIL SOILI SOIL
(in mt (in cm (in cm (in cm (in cm) (in cm (in cm) (in cm) (in cm) (in cm)
3.1 0.26872 .297 3.6765 .06739 0.14 0.30 .0571 .17 0.34
6.2 0.7808 .8135 4.435 .265 0.40 .614 .239 .388 0.64
9.3 1.385 1.429 5.236 0.4892 0.65 0.960 .413 .62 .97
12.4 1.9832 2.03r 6.0441 0.711 0.981 1.32 .60 .863 1.3
15.5 2.551 2.617 6.8458 0.96 1.2 1.69 .80 1.11 1.6
18.6 3.097 3.165e 7.6344 1.210 1.51 2.05 1.01 1.365 1.98
21.7 3.675 3.9446 8.4055 1.41 1.81 2.41 1.233 1.62 2.321
24.8 4.0928 4.1805 9.15E 1.7c 2.11 2.7 1.45 1.8 2.650
27.9 4.4737 4.5708 9.87c 2.08 2.40 3.13 1.68 2.14 2.99
31 4.609 4.6617 10.5734 2.2 2.70 3.49 1.92 2.41 3.33
34.1 4.838 4.95 11.234E 2.55 2.99 4.12 2.15 2.6 3.66
37.2 5.4134 5.297C 11.8603 2.8.65 3.27 4.48 2.37 2.97 3.99
40.3 5.61 5.7521 12.454 3.04 3.53 4.85 2.58 3.15 4.31
43.4 5.74 5.931 13.923 3.25 3.7 5.18 2.77 3.383 4.627

SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION WITH SHEAR WALL-i

Table 7.2

MAXIMUM JOINT
DISPLACEMENT X DIRECTION
MAXIMUM SETTLEMENT
ithout Nithout
-

oil oil Aedium

tructure Dense Medium tructure Dense lense Loose
nteraction soil dense soil Loose soil nteraction oil oil oil
mm X mm X mm mm mm mm mm mm
31.404 33.881 40.06 52.2 -15.078 -18.8 -32 -82.41
MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE MAXIMUM MOMEMNT Mz

Without Nithout
soil oif viedium
structure Dense Medium structure Dense iense Loose
interaction soil dense soil Loose soil nteraction soil oil oil
FykN FykN FykN FykN Az kNm 4z kNm viz kNm viz kNm
11706.14 1063.349 9041.243 8635.697 249.272 626.68 857.866 1293.67

TIME PERIOD AND MODE PARTICIPATION FACTOR WITH SHEAR WALL-

Table4.2

DENSE SOIL MEDIUM SOIL I LOOSE SOIL

(shear velocity 600m/sec shear velocity 300m/sec) shear velocity 1 50m/sec
MODE MODE MODE
PERIOD PARTICIPATION ERIOD PARTICIPATION ERIOD PARTICIPATION
MODE (SEC) FACTOR IN % SEC FACTOR IN % SEC FACTOR IN %
1 1.27237 70.294 1.4746c 73.07 1.8829e 75.561
2 0.73737 70.294 0.8233 73.07 7 0.9069 87.35
3 0.45271 80.884 0.45909 83.771 0.47281 87.665
4 0.34648 81.627 0.35108 84.259 0.3553 89.554
5 0.32069 83.409 0.32196 86.083 0.3251 89.554
6 0.2355 83.409 0.24311 86.083 0.2640 100
7 0.23278 100 0.23421 100 0.23854
8 0.22329 0.22421 0.2247

Table 9.4

SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION WITH SHEAR WALL-2

MAXIMUM JOINT
DISPLACEMENT X DIRECTION
MAXIMUM SETTLEMENT
Without Nithout
oil oil Medium
structure Dense Medium tructure Dense lense Loose
interaction soil dense soil Loose soil nteraction oil oil oil
mm X mm X mm X mm mm (mm mm mm
31.921 33.844 35.512 47.225 -16.078 -20.84 -32.976 -88.960
EARTHQUAKE IN X DIRECTION -9 STORY

EATHQUAKE IN X DIRECTION WITHOUT SHEAR W ALL(9)

Table4.1
ODE
FREQUENCY PERIOD ARTICIPATION
MODE (CYCLES/SEC) SEC ACTOR IN %
1 0.68 1.47039 18.522
2 1.008 0.99236 18.522
3 2.195 0.45552 18.971
4 2.596 0.38527 18.971
5 2.73 0.36636 18.972
6 3.578 0.27952 18.989
7 4.001 0.24993 100
8 4.13 0.24213
9 4.512 0.22163
10 4.665 0.21436

EQX IN X DIR WITH SHEAR WALL 1(9)

Table 4.2
ODE
ARTICIPATION
ACTORI N
MODE FREQUENCY(CYCLES/SEC) PERIOD SEC ERCENT
1 1.568 0.63765 32.781
2 2.769 0.36112 52.781
3 2.98 0.33559 38.234
3.627 0.27574 77.221
5 I.759 0.21014 77.221
6 L872 0.20526 79.557
7 5.174 0.19328
8 6.724 0.14871
9 7.538 0.13266
EARTHQUAKE IN X DIRECTION WITH SHEAR WALL 2(9)
Table 4.3

MODE
PARTICIPATION
ACTORIN
ERCENT
MODE FREQUENCY CYCLES/SEC PERIOD SEC PERCENT
1 1.81 0.55249 9.016
2 3.091 0.32348 5.219
3 3.362 .29748 5.219
4 L328 0.23108 17.662
5 I..923 0.20313 79.946
6 5.155 0.194 79.946
7 5.341 0.18724 100
8 6.813 0.14679
9 7.567 0.13216
10 9.01 0.11099

VARIATION OF AXIAL FORCE ALONG EDGE FRAME IN X DIRECTION(9)

Table 5.1
WITHOUT WITH WITH
SHEAR WALL SHEAR SHEAR
ALL-1 ALL-

Node Fx N xN xN
57 1.42E+05 .97E+05 .32E+05
58 1.30E+05 1.05E+06 .40E+05
59 1.28E+05 1.05E+06 .83E+05
60 62792.21 .53E+05 .32E+05

VARIATION OF SHEAR FORCE ALONG EDGE FRAME IN X DIRECTION(9)

Table 6.1
WITHOUT WITH WITH
SHEAR WALL SHEAR SHEAR
ALL-1 WALL-2
Node F N FN yN
57 3.63E+06 .15E+06 .84E+06
58 .17E+06 .89E+06 .93E+06
59 .17E+06 .89E+06 .93E+06
60 3.63E+06 .15E+06 .84E+06
VARIATON OF BENDING MOMENT ALONG EDGE FRAME IN
DIRECTION(9)
Table 7.1
WITHOUT WITH WITH
SHEAR SHEAR HEAR
WALL WALL- ALL-
1
Node Mz kNm Az kNm Az kNm
57 320.479 413.763 244.716
58 386.925 553.562 1892.56
59 391.01 610.117 p836.041
60 102A93 885.997 3746.92

VARIATION OF AXIAL FORCE ALONG MIDDLE FRAME IN X

DIRECTION(9)

Table 5.2

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR HEAR HEAR
WALL ALL-1 WALL-2
Node Fx N xN xN
177 99232.48 1.60E+05 1.52E+05
178 16291.97 1.00E+05 6396.32
179 1.6864.12 4965.98 6968.48
180 25031.54 p3538.41 17564.06

VARIATION OF SHEAR FORCE ALONG MIDDLE FRAME I Ioi 1

DIRECTION(9)
Table 6.2

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR WALL SHEAR SHEAR
ALL-1 ALL-2
Node F N yN yN
177 .38E+06 .67E+06 .40E+06
178 .10E+06 .91E+06 .28E+06
179 .10E+06 .91E+06 .28E+06
180 .38E+06 .67E+06 .40E+06
VARIATON OF BENDING MOMENT ALONG MIDDLE FRAME IN X
DIRECTION(9) Table 7.2

WITHOUT SHEAR WITH WITH

WALL SHEAR SHEAR
ALL-1 WALL-2
Node Mz kNm Mz kNm Mz kNm
177 338.461 17.232 193.878
178 395.093 147.902 138.436
179 397.096 154.522 141.425
180 398.163 93.923 81.563

STORY DRIFT IN X DIRECTION(9)

Table 8.1

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
STORY WALL WALL-1 WALL-2
3.1 0.2562 .0526 .0513
6.2 0.757 .1858 ).1646
9.3 1.315 .3526 ).3027
12.4 1.8525 .5362 .4505
15.5 2.3363 .7266 .601
18.6 2.7517 .9159 .7492
21.7 3.0898 1.0959 .8897
24.8 3.3438 1.2592 1.017
27.9 3.5175 1.3995 1.1275
JOINT DISPLACMENT ALONG THE HEIGHT OF COLUMN(9)
Table 9.1

WITHOUT WITH SHEA ITH

SHEAR WALL ALL-1 SHEAR
ALL-2
Node mm mm mm
1 2.504 .149 ).04
5 7.512 .507 ).357
9 13.065 1.528 ).946
13 18.422 .656 1.711
17 23.249 3.96 .587
21 27.393 5.364 3.534
25 30.756 3.813 1.523
29 33.244 .247 5.538
33 35.144 L686 3.533

TH QUAKE IN X DIRECTION STORY-14

CALCULATED FREQUENCIES AND TIME PERIOD FOR EARTHQUAKE IN

X DIRECTION (14)

Table 4.4

ODE
ARTI CI PATI O
FREQUENCY PERIOD FACTOR IN
MODE CYCLES/SEC SEC /o
1 0.421 2.37355 78.676
2 0.665 1.50475 78.676
3 1.317 0.75939 88.65
4 1.73 0.5782 88.65
5 2.366 0.42268 92.531
6 2.656 0.37647 92.531
7 2.76 0.36228 100
8 3.006 0.33261
9 3.601 0.27774
CALCULATED FREQUENCIES AND TIME PERIOD FOR EARTHQUAKE IN
X DIRECTION (14)

WITH SHEAR WALL-1

Table 4.5

MODE
FREQUENCY PERIOD ARTICIPATION
MODE CYCLES/SEC SEC FACTOR IN
1 0.946 1.05715 64.19
2 1.625 0.61529 64.19
3 2.31 0.43284 73.494
4 2.963 0.3375 74.79
5 3.314 0.30177 76.511
6 4.38 0.22833 76.511
7 4.535 0.2205 10
8 4.656 0.21479
9 5.38 0.18587
10 6.392 0.15646

i Iy.I1 '1IJk[ill * IIIiIIJi 1[SJ I1s] I:røIuJ41Il

WITH SHEAR WALL-2

Table 4.6

MODE
FREQUENCY PERIOD PARTICIPATION
MODE= (CYCLES/SEC) (SEC) IN %
1 1.063 0.94082 66.949
2 1.788 0.55933 66.949
3 2.355 0.42465 77.413
4 3.174 0.31502 80.723
5 3.208 0.31177 80.755
6 4.346 0.2301 82.109
7 4.53 0.22074 100
8 4.677 0.21379
9 5.327 0.18771
10 5.859 0.17067
VARIATION OF AXIAL FORCE ALONG EDGE FRAME IN
X DIRECTION (14)

Table 5.3

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
WALL ALL-I WALL-2
Node FxN FxN FxN
57 1.43E+05 9.13 E+05 21.3E+05i
58 1.32E+05 13 E+05 4.24E+05
59 1.29E+05 -7.59 E+05 20.68E+05
60 62921.33 0.18 E+05 - 10.79E+05

VARIATION OF SHEAR FORCE ALONG EDGE FRAME IN X DIRECTION(14)

Table 6.3

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR WALL SHEAR SHEAR
ALL-1 WALL-2
Node Fy N ykN Fy kN
57 5.76E+06 5591.003 12244.42
58 6.44E+06 11706.14 9668.164
59 6.44E+06 11706.14 11588.05
60 5.76E+06 5591.004 9498.624

VARIATON OF BENDING MOMENT ALONG EDGE FRAME IN X

DIRECTION(14)
Table7.3

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
WALL WALL- ALL-
1
Node Mz kNm Az kNm Mz kNm
57 326.174 146.435 264.156
58 393.314 153.145 143.811
59 397.983 158.895 -18.431
60 408.924 204.385 -98.741
VARIATION OF ANAL FORCE ALONG MIDDLE FRAME IN X
DIRECTION(14)
Table 5.4
WITHOUT WITH WITH
SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
Table WALL ALL-I WALL-2
Node Fx N xKN FxkN
177 1.33E+05 75.261 152.21
178 1.33E+05 56.97f 10.658
179 1.32E+05 52.90 50.787
180 75509.45 16.951 14.711

VARIATION OF SHEAR FORCE ALONG MIDDLE FRAME IN X

DIRECTION(14)
Table 6.4

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR WALL SHEAR SHEAR
ALL-1 WALL-2
Node Fy N FyKN FyKN
177 7.57E+06 7933.785 10495.94
178 6.41E+06 5839.242 6331.389
179 6.41E+06 5839.242 5865.21
180 7.57E+06 7933.786 10495.94
VARIATON OF BENDING MOMENT ALONG MIDDLE FRAME IN X
DIRECTION(14)
Table 7.4

WITHOUT SHEAR WITH WITH

WALL SHEAR SHEAR
ALL- 1 WALL-2
Node Mz kNm Mz kNm Mz kNm
177 860.145 146.435 212.454
178 956.752 153.145 212.454
179 958.895 158.895 401.12
180 920.024 204.385 401.736
JOINT DISPLACMENT ALONG THE HEIGHT OF COLUMN(14)

Table 8.2. WITHOUT ATTTH SHEAR WITH

SHEAR WALL ALL-I SHEAR
ALL-2
Node mm X mm mm
1 2.558 0.911 0.156
5 7.742 2.312 0.42
9 13.652 3.952 0.96
13 19.608 5.902 1.72
17 25.326 8.082 2.63
21 30.692 10.433 3.661
25 35.661 12.903 4.78
29 40.204 14.91 5.979
33 44.29 15.447 7.221
37 47.885 18.02 8.492
1.1 50.954 20.61 9.781
45 53.448 23.185 11.07
49 55.31 25.716 12.376
53 56.856 28.158 13.671

DRIFT IN X DIRECTION(14)
Table 9.2

WITHOUT WITH WITH

STORY SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
(height in WALL WALL1 WALL2
mt) (in cm) in cm) in cm)
3.1 0.2608 0.0456 0.0447
6.2 0.778 0.170 0.1489
9.3 1.3705 0.3329 0.2819
12.4 1.9672 0.5211 0.431
15.5 2.5395 0.727c 0.5953
18.6 3.0764 0.9503 0.7713
21.7 3.5735 1.1863 0.9597
24.8 4.0281 1.434 1.1591
27.9 4.4371 1.6904 1.3671
31 4.797 1.9506 1.5796
34.3 5.1042 2.208 1.7912
37.4 5.3548 2.4542 1.9948
40.5 5.6813 2.6816 2.1837
43.6 13.871 2.882E 2.3534
EARTHQUAKE IN X DIRECTION-19STORY

TIME PERIOD AND FREQUENCY WITH OUT SHEAR WALL(19)

Table 4.7

MODE
PARTICIPATION
MODE FREQUENCY(CYCLES/SEC) PERIOD(SEC) ACTOR IN % Table 4.4.1
1 0.303 3.30416 78.634
2 0.493 2.02774 78.634
3 0.935 1.06996 88.687
4 1.329 0.75252 88.687
5 1.651 0.60559 92.339
6 2.059 0.48558 92.339
7 2.446 0.40889 100
8 2.632 0.37989

TIME PERIOD AND FREQUENCY WITH SHEARWALL -1(19)

Table 4.8

MODE
ARTICIPATION
MODE FREQUENCY CYCLESISEC PERIOD SEC ACTOR IN %
1 0.567 1.76329 67.199
2 1.033 0.96852 67.199
3 1.845 0.542 81.527
4 2.507 0.39893 83.971
5 2.812 0.35567 84.04
6 3.202 0.31233 85.422
7 3.421 0.2923 100
8 4.062 0.2462 100
9 4.264 0.23453
TIME PERIOD AND FREQUENCY WITH SHEARWALL -2(19)

Table 4.9

MODE
'ARTICIPATION
ODE 1FREQUENCY SEC) IPERIOD(SEC =ACTOR IN %
1 0.679 1.47374 66.46
1.186 0.8429 66.46
2.037 0.49081 80.189
2.611 0.38305 82.418
3.013 0.33194 82.547
3.269 0.30594 83.893
3.999 0.25007 100
4.114 0.24307
4.55 0.21979

JOINT DISPLACMENT ALONG THE HEIGHT OF COLUMN (19)

Table 9.3

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
WALL WALL- ALL-
1
Node Xmm mm mm
1 2.556 .0321 0.252
5 7.748 0.916 0.773
9 13.722 2.375 1.757
13 19.852 4.102 3.103
17 25.88 6.17 4.731
21 31.697 8.525 6.588
25 37.261 11.09 8.635
29 42.561 13.825 10.838
33 47.59 16.691 13.166
37 52.334 19.652 15.592
41 56.775 22.676 18.093
45 60.887 25.738 20.645
49 64.651 28.815 23.231
53 68.047 31.887 25.835
241 70.526 34.94 28.447
257 73.078 37.965 31.059
273 75.173 40.957 33.671
289 76.759 43.908 36.287
305 78.179 46.74 38.909
STORY DRIFT WHEN EARTHQUAKE IN X DIRECTION(19)
Table 8.3

ITHQ WITH WITH

T SHEAR SHEAR
TOR HEAR ALL-1 WALL-2
WALL
3.1 0.2603 0.0449 0.0409
6.2 0.7773 0.1681 0.1515
9. 1.3753 0.3318 .2868
12.4 1.9886 0.5249 .44
15.5 2.5913 0.7398 0.618
18.6 3.1726 0.9725 0.80
21.7 3.7284 1.220 1.01
24.8 4.2577 1.4823 1.2
27.9 4.7598 1.7551 1.4551
31 5.2334 2.0376 1.69
34.3 5.6766 2.3282 1.94
37.4 6.0868 2.6255 2.1955
40.5 6.462 2.9273 2.4
43.6 6.8003 3.2307 2.71
46.7 7.0998 3.5317 2.9
49.8 7.3579 3.8249 3.249
52.9 7.5714 4.1039 3.48
56 7.7385 4.3621 3.72
59.1 7.8636 4.5921 3.93

VARIATION OF AXIAL FORCE ALONG EDGE FRAME IN X DIRECTION(19)

Table 5.5
WITHOUT WITH ITH
SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
WALL ALL-1 ALL-2
Node Fx N Fx N xN
57 1.42E+05 1.11E+0 2.52E+06
58 1.31E+05 2.07E+0 1.85E+05
59 1.28E+05 2.07E+06 2.19E+06
60 61959.19 1.2E+06 1.2E+05
VARIATION OF SHEAR FORCE ALONG EDGE FRAME IN X DIRECTION(19)

Table 6.5

WITHOUT WITH VITH

SHEAR WALL SHEAR SHEAR
ALL-1 ALL-2
Node FN yN FN
57 7.88E+06 7.20E+06 1.35E+07
58 8.64E+06 1.60E+07 1.31E+07
59 8.64E+06 1.60E+07 1.31E+07
60 7.88E+06 7.20E+06 1.35E+07

VARIATON OF BENDING MOMENT ALONG EDGE FRAME IN X

DIRECTION(19)
Table 7.5

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
WALL WALL- ALL-
1
Node Mz kNm Mz kNm Mz kNm
57 322.987 302.956 312.013
58 389.941 -7.826 216.078
59 394.991 180.016 4.069
60 406.217 -207.35 -143.759

VARIATION OF AXIAL FORCE ALONG MIDDLE FRAME IN X

DIRECTION(19)
Table 5.7
WITHOUT ITH WITH
SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
WALL WALL-1 WALL-2
Node Fx N Fx N Fx N
177 74829.65 1.60E+05 75886.8
178 56151.14 1.00E+05 48362.16
179 52644.05 94965.98 48521.1
180 18148.14 93538.41 9320.91
VARIATION OF SHEAR FORCE ALONG MIDDLE FRAME IN X
DIRECTION(19)
Table 6.7

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR WALL SHEAR SHEAR
ALL-1 WALL-2
Node F N yN yN
177 9.05E+06 1.21E+0 1.1OE+07
178 8.60E+06 7.49E+06 9.66E+0
179 8.60E+06 7.49E+06 9.67E+06
180 9.05E+06 1.21E+0 1.11E+0

VARIATON OF BENDING MOMENT ALONG MIDDLE FRAME IN X

DIRECTION(19)
Table7.7

WITHOUT SHEAR WITH WITH

WALL SHEAR SHEAR
ALL-1 WALL-2
Node Mz kNm Mz kN
177 341.64 144.37 115.928
178 398.715 150.97e 131.41
179 401 156.16 135.48
180 401.699 200.94c 184.01
EARTHQUAKE IN Z DIRECTION -9 STORY

TIME PERIOD AND FREQUENCY WITHOUT SHEAR WALL(9)

Table 4.1.1

MODE
PARTICIPATION
MODE FREQUENCY(CYCLES/SEC) PERIOD SEC ACTOR IN %
1 0.699 1.43044 78.66
2 0.963 1.03811 78.6
3 2.246 0.44516 89.071
4 2.513 0.39795 89.074
5 2.607 0.3836 89.074
6 3.431 0.2915 89.118
7 3.579 0.27938 100
8 4.196 0.23832
9 4.299 0.23261
10 4.575 0.21859

PERIOD AND FREQUENCY WITH SHEAR WALL-1(9)

Table 4.1.2
MODE
PARTICIPATION
MODE FREQUENCY(CYCLES/SEC) PERIOD SEC IN %
1 1.416 0.70644 65.573
2 2.464 0.40581 65.573
3 2.918 0.34275 69.426
4 3.261 0.30668 78.931
5 4.318 0.23159 78.931
6 4.848 0.20627 78.931
7 4.907 0.20378 100
8 6.517 0.15344
9 7.643 0.13084
10 8.874 0.11269
TIME PERIOD AND FREQUENCY WITH SHEAR WALL-2(9)

Table 4.1.3

ODE
ARTICIPATION
MODE FREQUENCY(CYCLES/SEC) PERIOD SEC ACTOR IN %
1 1.472 0.67915 6
2 2.402 0.41631 6
3 3.159 0.31659 71.021
4 3.537 0.28273 79.408
5 4.364 0.22912 79.408
6 4.659 0.21463 79.408
7 5.191 0.19264 100
8 6.274 0.15939
9 7.854 0.12732
10 8.682 0.11518

AXIAL FORCE ALONG THE EDGE FRAME WHEN EQ IN Z DIRECTION(9)

Table 5.1.1

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR SHEAR 3HEAR
WALL ALL-1 WALL-2
Node Fx N Fx N FxN
57 39531.3 75015. 5.79E+05
58 1154.276 7.66E+05 2.29E+05
59 -1114.31 7.5E+05 2.29E+05
60 -39457.6 -68786.2 1.8E+05

SHEAR FORCE ALONG THE EDGE FRAME WHEN EQ IN Z DIRECTION(9)

Table6.1.1
WITHOUT WITH WITH
SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
WALL ALL-1 ALL-2
Node
FyN FyN FyN
57 3.67E+06 3.71E+06 6.35E+06
58 4.57E+06 5.90E+06 6.86E+06
59 4.57E+06 5.90E+06 6.86E+06
60 3.67E+06 3.71E+06 6.35E+06
BENDING MOMENT ALONG THE EDGE FRAME WHEN EQ IN Z
DIRECTION(9) Table 7.1.1

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
W ALL ALL-1 WALL-2
Node Mx kNm MX kNm Mx kNm
57 392.024 172.288 205.711
58 392.076 412.92 421.415
59 392.076 412.929 421.415
60 392.024 172.288 205.711

AXIAL FORCE ALONG THE MIDDLE FRAME WHEN EQ IN Z DIRECTION(9)

Table 5.1.2
r~THOUT WITH WITH
HEAR SHEAR SHEAR
NODE MALL WALL-1 ALL-2
FxN FxN FxN
177 28839.9 34201.02 38801.9
178 376.515 3868.32 1179.195
17 -363.311 -1288.94 1751.344
180 -28813.7 -32098.4 -35399

SHEAR FORCE ALONG THE MIDDLE FRAME WHEN EQ IN Z DIRECTION(9)

Table 6.1.2
ITHOUT WITH WITH
SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
NODE WALL ALL-1 WALL-2
FyN FyN FyN
177 866.959 8.90E+06 9.88E+06
178 888.412 3.90E+06 5.28E+0
179 888.412 3.90E+06 5,28E+06
180 866.959 8.90E+06 9.88E+06
BENDING MOMENT ALONG THE MIDDLE FRAME WHEN EQ IN Z
DIRECTION(9) Table 7.1.2

ITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
NODE WALL ALL-1 WALL-2
MxkNm MX kNm AxkNm
177 384.821 3783.872 4280.237
178 396.826 155.298 155.033
17 396.826 155.298 155.033
18C 384.821 3783.872 4280.237

JOINT DISPLACEMENT ALONG COLUMN HIGHT IN EDGE FRAME(9)

Table 8.1.1
WITHOUT WITH
SHEAR SHEAR
WALL ALL-
1 Horizontal
Node m mm mm
1 2.463 0.31 0.318
5 7.327 1.115 1.199
9 12.699 2.234 2.398
13 17.873 3.57 3.84
17 22.535 5.076 5.447
21 26.536 6.666 7.147
25 29.779 8.293 8.878
29 32.175 9.90€ 10.592
33 33.957 11.485 12.311
STORY DRIFT EATHQUAKE IN Z DIRECTION(9)

Table 9.1.1

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR HEAR SHEAR
WALL WALL- WALL-
STORY 1
NO (incur) incm) incm)
1 0.2526 0.070k 0.067
2 0.7414 0.22 0.2183
3 1.2828 o.423r 0.4079
4 1.8032 0.636 0.6154
5 2.2712 0.852 0.8291
6 2.673 1.062 1.0403
7 2.9999 1.2571 1.2408
•8 3.2449 1.430 1.4229
9 3.4113 1.576k 1.5815
EARTH QUAKE IN Z DIRECTION WITHOUT SHEAR WALL-14

TIME PERIOD AND FREQUENCY WITHOUT SHEAR WALL(14)

Table4.1.4

MODE
PERIOD(SE ARTICIPATION
ODE FREQUENCY(CYCLES/SEC) C) ACTOR IN %
1 0.433 2.31008 18.702
0.626 1.59737 18.702
1.351 0.7403 8.761
1.703 0.5871 8.761
2.421 0.41301 2.556
2.433 0.41101 2.598
2.78 0.35977 100
2.816 0.35511
3.51 0.28486

TIME PERIOD AND FREQUENCY WITH SHEAR WALL-1(14)

Table 4.1.5

MODE FREQUENCY(CYCLES/SEC) PERIOD SEC ODE

ARTICIPATION
ACTOR IN %
1 0.808 1.23819 9.602
2 1.395 0.71678 9.602
3 2.098 0.47658 19.694
2.664 0.37536 0.773
5 3.048 0.32814 2.656
6 3.903 0.25623 2.656
7 1.046 0.24716 100
8 1274 0.23397
9 1.855 0.20596
10 5.712 0.17506
TIME PERIOD AND FREQUENCY WITH SHEAR WALL-2
Table 4.1.6

ODE
FREQUENCY(CY PARTICIPATION
MODE CLES/SEC) PERIOD SEC FACTOR IN %
1 .822 1.21673 39.48
2 1.456 0.68662 39.48
3 2.259 0.44259 30.609
2.89 0.34596 31.679
5 3.311 0.30205 33.5
6 3.735 0.26776 33.5
7 1.023 0.24855 100
8 1.58 0.21833 59.48
9 1.646 0.21522 39.48
10 5.713 .17505 30.609

VARIATION OF AXIAL FORCE ALONG EDGE FRAME IN

Z DIRECTION (14)

Table 4.1.3

WITHOUT VITH WITH

SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
WALL ALL-1 WALL-2
Node Fx N xN xN
57 39831.15 .69E+05 1.75E+06
58 1417.499 1.10E+06 .5E+05
59 •1375.74 1.2E+05 1.37E+06
60 -39760.8 .3+E05 .1 E+05

VARIATION OF SHEAR FORCE ALONG EDGE FRAME IN

Z DIRECTION (14)
Table 6.1.3

WITHOUT WITH VITH

SHEAR WALL SHEAR SHEAR
- ALL- WALL-2
1
Node FN yN yN
57 5.82E+06 .34E+06 .23E+06
58 7.04E+06 .47E+06 .08E+06
59 7.04E+06 .47E+06 .08E+06
60 5.82E+06 .34E+06 .23E+06
VARIATON OF BENDING MOMENT ALONG EDGE FRAME IN
Z DIRECTION (14)
Table7.1.3

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR SHEAR S HEAR
WALL WALL- ALL-
1
Node Mx kNm AxkNm Ax kNm
57 390.83 118.224 112.688
58 399.162 62.856 56.958
59 399.161 62.856 56.957
60 390.829 118.224 112.688

VARIATION OF AXIAL FORCE ALONG MIDDLE FRAME IN Z DIRECTION

Table 5.1.4

WITHOUT WITH NITH

SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
WALL ALL-1 WALL-2
Node Fxk N Fx kN Fx kN
177 28909.44 128.858 32255.63
178 1.37.798 119.006 808.365
179 -427.135 114.934 1388.143
180 -28887.9 70.548 26745.8

VARIATION OF SHEAR FORCE ALONG MIDDLE FRAME IN Z DIRECTION

Table 6.1.4

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR WALL SHEAR SHEAR
ALL-1 WALL-2
Node F N yN FN
177 7.57E+06 .24E+06 1.28E+07
178 6.41E+06 .39E+06 .84E+06
179 6.41E+06 .39E+06 .84E+06
180 7.57E+06 .24E+06 1.28E+07
VARIATON OF BENDING MOMENT ALONG MIDDLE FRAME IN Z
DIRECTION(14)

Table 7.1.4

WITHOUT SHEAR WITH WITH

WALL SHEAR HEAR
ALL-1 WALL-2
Node Mx kNm x kNm MxkNM
177 860.145 342.983 26.82
178 956.752 327.985 169.878
179 958.895 333.734 169.878
180 920.024 00.933 26.82

DRIFT WHEN EQ IN Z DIRECTION(14)

Table 8.1.4

ITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
WALL ALL-1 WALL-2
EIGHT MT incm) incur) linern)
.1 ).2565 .0645 .0681
.2 ).7598 1.2091 .2198
.3 1.3328 .3959 .4158
12.4 1.9083 .6081 .6512
15.5 -.4597 .8376 .8728
18.6 a.9769 1.0804 1.1205
1.7 3.4562 1.3341 1.3778
4.8 3.8952 1.596 1.6428
7.9 .2911 1.863 1.9126
1 .6407 a.13o7 .1827
4.3 .9404 a.3937 .447
7.4 51861 a.6454 .6981
0.5 5.3741 a.8784 .9288
1.3.6 1.5084 3.0848 3.132
EARTHQUAKE IN Z DIRECTION-19 STORY

FREQUENCY AND TIME PERIOD FOR WITHOUT SHEAR WALL-19

Table 4.1.7
MODE
PARTICIPATION
MODE FREQUENCY(CYCLES/SEC) PERIOD SEC FACTOR IN %
1 .31 3.22266 78.542
2 .462 2.16503 78.542
3 0.958 1.04339 88.769
4 1.287 0.77692 88.769
5 1.695 0.58992 92.411
6 2.05 0.48772 92.411
7 2.407 0.41546 100
8 2.502 0.39968
9 2.613 0.38273
10 2.861 0.34954

FREQUENCY AND TIME PERIOD FOR WITH SHEAR WALL-1(19)

Table 4.1.8
MODE
PARTICIPATION
MODE FREQUENCY(CYCLES/SEC) PERIOD SEC FACTOR IN %
1 0.532 1.8806 69.011
2 .96 1.04116 59.011
3 1.711 0.58433 52.636
4 2.398 0.41706 84.96
5 2.558 0.391 85.024
6 3.111 0.32146 85.024
7 3.126 0.31985 100
8 3.859 .25914
9 3.972 0.25175
10 I..031 .24806
JOINT DISPLACVIENT ALONG THE HEIGHT OF COLUMN(14)

Table 9.1.2

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR HEAR SHEAR
WALL WALL- WALL-
____
Node mm mm mm
1 2.513 .524 .526
5 7.54 3.08 1.59
9 13.244 1.578 3.093
13 18.981 1.955 1.969
17 24.487 1.116 1.125
21 29.656 9.492 .49
25 34.448 12.023 12.005
29 38.834 14.659 14.617
33 1.2.789 17.352 17.28
37 1.6.278 0.067 19.959
41 1.9.267 2.774 2.624
45 51.707 a5.456 5.255
9 53.541 8.099 7.831
53 55.029 30.614 30.339
FREQUENCY AND TIME PERIOD FOR WITH SHEAR WALL-2(19)

Table 4.1.9
MODE
PARTICIPATION
MODE FREQUENCY(CYCLES/SEC)PERIOD SEC FACTOR IN %
1 0.544 1.83832 69.126
2 1.039 0.96212 69.126
3 1.803 0.55452 83.36
4 2.603 .38422 85.868
5 2.773 .36065 85.966
6 2.983 0.33526 85.966
7 3.394 .29465 100

JOINT DISPLACE MENT ALONG THE HEIGHT OF COLUMN(19)

Table 9.1.3

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
WALL ALL- ALL-
1
Node mm mm mm
1 2.548 .544 .543
5 7.658 1.615 1.639
9 13.513 3.182 3.24
13 19.51 5.167 p.238
17 25.407 1.477 .552
1 31.105 10.045 10.116
25 36.566 12.817 12.9
29 1.1.778 15.744 15.776
33 46.734 18.785 18.784
37 51.421 1.904 M.861
41 55.818 5.068 4.978
45 59.903 8.252 8.1
49 63.654 1.434 31.239
53 67.052 4.595 34.347
241 70.08 37.722 37.423
257 72.2 0.808 1.0.467
273 74.9 3.853 1.3.475
289 76.6 6.857 1.6.269
305 78.1 1.9.709 1.9.622
VARIATION OF AXIAL FORCE ALONG EDGE FRAME IN
Z DIRECTION-19

Table 5.1.5

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
WALL ALL-1 WALL-2
Node Fx N Fx N Fx N
57 40014.87 .62E+05 .31E+06
58 1580.316 1.85E+06 .65E+06
59 -1555.5 1.5E+06 1.82E+06
60 -39970.9 5.5E+05 .2E+05

VARIATION OF SHEAR FORCE ALONG EDGE FRAME IN Z DIRECTION-19

Table 6.1.5

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR WALL SHEAR SHEAR
ALL- WALL-2
1
Node FN FN N
57 7.98E+06 .00E+061.06E+07
58 9.41 E+06 1.28E+07 1.16E+07
59 9.41E+06 1.28E+07 1.16E+07
60 7.98E+06 .00E+06 1.07E+07

VARIATON OF BENDING MOMENT ALONG EDGE FRAME IN Z

DIRECTION-19
Table 7.1.5
WITHOUT WITH WITH
SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
WALL WALL- ALL-
1
Node Mx kNm xkNm Ax kNm
57 403.147 118.826 100.452
58 397.514 a60.116 61.793
59 397.513 60.116 61.826
60 03.147 118.826 100.411
VARIATION OF AXIAL FORCE ALONG MIDDLE FRAME IN Z DIRECTION-
19 Table 5.1.6

WITHOUT WITH ATTTH

SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR
WALL ALL- I WALL-2
Node Fx N Fx N Fx N
177 28978.94 31173.34 36238.72
178 499.756 3869.258 194.155
179 -492.821 362.169 319.921
180 -28965.1 25508.2 30369.8

VARIATION OF SHEAR FORCE ALONG MIDDLE FRAME IN Z

DIRECTION-19 Table 6.1.6

WITHOUT WITH WITH

SHEAR WALL HEAR SHEAR
ALL-1 WALL-2
Node F N yN F N
177 7.57E+06 .38E+06 1.49E+07
178 6.41E+06 .61E+06 .69E+06
179 6.41 E+06 .61E+06 .70E+06
180 7.57E+06 .38E+06 1.50E+07

VARIATON OF BENDING MOMENT ALONG MIDDLE FRAME IN Z

DIRECTION-19 Table 7.1.6

WITHOUT SHEAR WITH WITH

WALL SHEAR SHEAR
ALL-1 WALL-2
Node Mx kNm 1x kNm MxkNM
177 395.955 97.236 70.748
178 02.772 174.05 164.32
179 02.772 174.05 164.336
180 395.955 a97.236 a73.18
DRIFT WHEN EQ IN Z DIREECTION

Table 8.1.3

WITHOUT WITH VITH

SHEAR SHEAR HEAR
WALL ALL-1 WALL-2
EIGHT MT incur) incm) incm)
3.1 ).2595 .0678 p.081
3.2 ).7699 .2201 L228
.3 1.3569 1.4194 1.4198
12.4 1.9579 .6472 .6412
15.5 .5484 1.1561 .8828
18.6 3.1186 1.4302 1.1405
1.7 3.6648 1.7145 1.42
4.8 i.1861 .0075 1.7
7.9 .6818 .3077 .30
31 5.1508 .6136 .447
34.1 5.5909 .924 .601
37.2 5.9997 3.2365 .9188
0.3 3.3751 3.5481 3.232
3.4 3.7152 3.8547 3.52
6.5 1.0181 L1512 3.82
9.6 1.2812 L4314 1.12
2.7 1.5012 J.6895 1.40'
6.8 r.6759 v.9191 1.65
8.9 7.8093 5.21 L87