Strategy in Value Betting
Strategy in Value Betting
Strategy in Value Betting
VALUE BETTING
A GUIDE TO RISK CONTROL, PROFIT
MAXIMIZATION AND AVOIDING BETTING
LIMITATIONS
Preface 2
PREFACE
In Trademate, we are passionate about finding the edge, and are always on the lookout for
new ways to improve. Now, we have created this eBook to share our enthusiasm for the
concept of value betting and the mindset behind it.
The goal is that after reading this, you will have a better understanding on how to maximize
your profits, tune risks to your preference and avoid limitation from bookmakers. Much of
the content in this book is about understanding the different factors in value betting and
how one can manipulate them to set up a strategy that suits your personal preference.
The advices and strategies in this book is based on our conversations with professional bet-
tors, industry insiders, simulations and own experience.
This is the third in this series of four eBooks covering betting from the basic concepts to
strategies and how to make a living out of it.
CONTENT
4
7
Presets for Soft Books
A breakdown of the factors
affecting edge and risk
Bet Sizing
11
Reducing Variance in
Explaining how Kelly's Crite-
rion work and how to use it
Sports Betting
13
Odds
Duration Untill Game
Edge Percent
Multiple Lines on One Game
Hedging Bets
17
A strategy to reduce risk in
sports betting
18
Winning Players
An overview of why value
bettors get limited
20
How Bookmakers
Profile Players
The different aspects looked
How to Avoid Limitation at to find winning players
Tips to make your account
stand less out from the
square bettors
The Presets Used for Soft Books Betting on TradingEurope 4
GENERAL STRATEGY
I mainly trade during the weekends and view this as a good way to generate a second-
ary income. I never risk more than I’m comfortable with losing both in terms of overall
bankroll and as my maximum stake size. In the days of Edgebet I tried the high volume
all leagues approach and within my 1100 trades found myself limited on 5 of the high-
est volume bookies. When Trademate was launched it included better filtering options
so I decided to change my strategy and rather focus on quality over quantity and take
a long-term perspective. Don’t get me wrong just as anyone I want to maximize my
profits, but since the soft books limit winning players I believe that the best way for me
to maximize my lifetime value is to be more selective of which edges I get in on. There-
fore 95% of my trades will be on recommended leagues. The exceptions being when I
try to clear a bonus.
This approach is not for everyone and we have customers who have been getting
higher profits than me in a shorter time period, by following more of a high volume all
leagues approach. However, I believe that my lifetime earnings from the softs will be
higher and only time will tell whether that will actually be the case. So my way is not
the only way. I would say that it is best for people to use their own judgment and find
a balance between risk and reward that they are comfortable with.
The Presets Used for Soft Books Betting on TradingEurope 5
SPORTS
The main reason that I stay away from Tennis
is that sometimes players retire after a few sets
in a tennis game if they have a more important
game a few days later. This makes it unpredict-
able. Not being a teamsport also makes the
games more unpredictable.
ODDSRANGE
I stick to odds from 1-4. There are two main
reasons for why I do this. First, the variance is This image shows a preset from the
higher the higher you go in odds range. Second, Trademate Sports tool illustrating my
Trademate is currently slightly overvaluing edg- preferences
es in the higher odds ranges, so I want to have
higher edges and a margin of safety of a couple of percentage points to move in on
trades here.
EDGE
I have set my minimum edge at 2%, because more marginal edges than that are not
going to be worth my time. At times I have used 1% here, but these days when I do
the majority of my trading on the weekends and there are plenty of edges to choose
from I want to focus on getting in on the better edges.
The Presets Used for Soft Books Betting on TradingEurope 6
RECOMMENDED LEAGUES
I use recommended leagues only here. From my experience my accounts last longer
before I get limited when I stick to recommended leagues, as it is a lot less suspicious
for me as a Norwegian to play on e.g. the English Championship than Chinese Basket-
ball.
In the sports betting community, there are mainly two general staking strategies bet-
tors use. A flat stake, and a proportional stake. With a flat bet size, you either put the
same wager on every single game, or you put the same wager on games that have the
same odds and edge. Flat bet sizing is fairly easy to use, but it’s hard to select a proper
size. A size too big will increase the chance of going broke, while a size too low will not
yield big enough profits.
A proportional strategy is where you place a certain percentage of your current bank-
roll on each bet. Kelly’s Criterion is a formula that maximizes the growth rate of your
bankroll. The formula for the Kelly’s Criterion is
P* G -1
G-1
where P is the probability of success and G is the odds you’re given. Let’s take an ex-
ample. If you were to bet on a coinflip - in a fair world you’d get an odds of 2. If you
2.1
were to get odds of 2.1, you would’ve had an edge of 2
= 0.05 = 5% and Kelly would
suggest
0.5 * 2.1 - 1
= 0.04545
2.1 - 1
This means you should bet 4.545% of your current bankroll. Let’s take the scenario
where this is ran 2 times with a starting bankroll of $100, you win one and lose one.
How Bet Sizing Impacts Your Game, a Technical Analysis 8
1. You bet 0.04545 * 100 = 4.545 and lose, now you’ve got $100 - $4.545 =
$95.455 left.
2. You bet 0.04545 * 95.455 = 4.338 and win, now you’ve got $95.455 + $4.338 *
(2.1 - 1) = $100.227 left. (4.338 * 1.1 is the net return of the bet.)
The interesting thing, is that the order of the bets does not matter. You would’ve end-
ed up with $100.227 if you’d won the first one and lost the second one.
Now over to a practical scenario. The example written over is not exactly represen-
tative for the common bettor, because it assumes that you know the outcome of the
previous bet before placing the next one. In the sports betting world, one would usu-
ally have between 5-50 open bets at the time. This obviously affects the bet sizing. If
you were to place 10 bets in a row with similar odds and edge, the bet sizing would
decrease as your current bankroll decreases with each bet. If every single bet were
with the odds of 2.1 and edge of 5%, you would expect to win 50% of the bets. This
gives you the possibility of losing all your biggest bets and winning all your smallest
bets - hence ending up in the negatives after placing nothing but profitable bets. It’s
worth noting that the other way around could occur, you could win all your biggest
bets hence flipping a huge profit.
Here is a distribution of all possible combinations of bets with odds of 2.1 and edge of
5%, giving a win rate of 50%. There are 20 open bets, and it randomly picks 10 win-
ners and 10 losers, so it’s running perfectly every time - and only a matter of how the
wins and loses are distributed. The x-axis shows the bankroll after the bets are settled
relative to the starting bankroll, and the y-axis shows the number of occurences (out of
the 184756 possible combinations). It follows the Kelly bet sizing, so the bet size de-
creases for each bet as it’s always placing 4.545% of its current bankroll.
How Bet Sizing Impacts Your Game, a Technical Analysis 9
The blue shows the results for 100% of Kelly, the orange for placing 50% of Kelly, and
the green for placing 30% of Kelly.
As we can see from the plot, the 100% of Kelly (blue line) yields the highest possible
return, and the highest average (~1.03). However the spread is huge. One could end
up with everything from 88% to 117% of your starting bankroll. As you decrease the
fraction of Kelly to 50% and 30%, the spread gets a lot smaller. The probability of end-
ing up in profit skyrockets, where as the average return gets lowered ever so slightly.
It’s very important to note that by betting a lower fraction of Kelly, you risk less mon-
ey. By betting 100% of Kelly, you risk ~60% of your bankroll to grow it to an average of
104%. By betting 50% of Kelly, you risk ~37% of your bankroll to grow it to an average
of 102%. By betting 30% of Kelly, you risk only ~24% to grow your bankroll to an aver-
age of 101%.
How Bet Sizing Impacts Your Game, a Technical Analysis 10
There is no doubt that following full Kelly is the strategy that would maximize the
growth of your bankroll. Many people will tell you to bet less than the Kelly formula
tells you to. Two reasons are generally given for this.
1. The edge may change. If you place a bet 10 hours before kick off, the odds can
swing both in and out of your favor. By placing a fraction of Kelly, let’s say 50%
you have more rooms for error if the edge slightly decrease. If it increases, you
can simply place more money on that bet.
2. The Kelly formula leads to extreme volatility, the probability of being badly down
for an unacceptable long strech may occur.
Additionally, placing a lower fraction of Kelly would generally decrease your bet size,
making the probability of getting limited by the bookmakers smaller.
Do not bet more than Kelly suggests, so if you chose to go high risk (100% of Kelly),
do not over-bet. That will actually decrease the growth of your bankroll - as the full
Kelly value is a maximizer.
How to Reduce Variance in Sports Betting 11
When placing trades - there are 4 main parameters that impacts your variance;
1. Odds
2. Time until the game starts
3. The edge percent
4. Whether you place bets that are dependant of each other
ODDS
This is the most obvious one. The higher the odds you place on, the more swings you
will see in your bankroll. The reason is quite simple; if you bet only on odds of 11 with
an edge of 10%, you can expect the bet to be a winner one out of every 10 games,
and you’ll get paid back 11 times your wager. In theory, you’d then lose 9 bets in a row
then win one and win back more than you lost in the previous 9 bets.
The only thing that can be said for sure is that this will increase your variance, as the
lines and the information are not settled yet.
THE EDGE
If you place on marginal edges (1-2%), chances are they can swing back if you place it a
far from game time. The reason is that even the smallest piece of information may shift
the market out of your favour. When you find higher edges, there is always a reason
the market shifts so drastically - and the probability that it would shift back is higher.
Most of the players in our community apply a rule of thumb that the longer it is until
game time, the higher the edge threshold is. For instance, if it’s less than 2 hours until
game time, One would place on their full range. If it’s 2-6 hours, then one would only
place on 5%+ edges. If it’s more than 6 hours, then one might place on 8%+ edges.
Soft bookmakers typically place their odds lower than the odds offered by the sharp
bookmakers, because they have a lower payout rate. 2,5 hours before kick-off, Novem-
ber 30th, the Norwegian bookmaker Norsk Tipping (NT) offered the game at 2.95 for a
Ural win. However at this point in time the odds at Pinnacle had dropped to 2.17 (re-
moving their 2,5% vig, the true odds would be 2.26) resulting in a 30.5 % edge [ ((2.95
/ 2.26) -1) *100% ]. Next, Norsk Tipping most likely noticing a large amount of money
placed on a Ural win adjusted their odds to 2.6 resulting in the odds below.
However, this was still a 15% edge versus the Asian bookmaker. I placed the bet at 2.6
on NT with a stake of 850 NOK or approximately 100 USD. If Ural wins I would get a
return of 260 USD and a profit of 160 USD (Stake returned - Initial stake). After I had
placed my initial bet, I kept monitoring the odds at the Asian bookmaker, which kept
dropping. With such a large edge I now had the opportunity to hedge my bet to com-
pletely eliminate any potential losses if Ural failed to win, while making a smaller profit
if they win. This was achieved by placing a bet on Rostov to win on the Asian Handicap
line of +0.5 at Pinnacle at 1.96 in odds about 20 minutes after taking my initial posi-
tion. Meaning that if the match ended in a draw, Rostov would have a 0.5 goal handi-
cap, the result being a Rostov win. By hedging on the Asian bookmaker I would have a
return on investment of 11,7% given a Ural win [ 1 / (1/2.6 + 1/1.96) ]. While breaking
even on any other outcome (a draw or a Rostov win), so basically I was freerolling the
game without any risk of potential losses. An important point to note is that hedging
differs from arbitrage, because the bets take place at different points in time. This
enabled me to get a much higher ROI while taking positions on both sides than what I
would have achieved through arbitrage at the time I placed my initial bet.
Hedging bets: a Strategy for Reducing Risks When Trading Sports 15
Norsk Tipping - 1x2 Initial stake Odds on Ural win Return Profits
$100.00 2.6 $260.00 $160.00
Asian bookmaker - Asian Handicap +0.5 Hedge stake Odds on AHC +0.5 Rostov Return Profits
$104.20 1.96 $204.23 $100.03
When the match started Ural had become the favorite and Rostov the underdog. The
Asian bookmaker offered the following odds:
Closing odds at the Asian bookmaker Ural win Draw Rostov Win
November 30th, 15:00 - Kickoff time 1.71 3.53 6.25
The vig-free closing odds offered by the Asian bookmaker at a Ural win would be 1.76
[ 1.71 / 0.973 ]. The closing edge versus my initial trade at 2.6 would have been a
47,7% edge [ ((2.6 / 1.76) -1) * 100%) ]. It is also worth to note that I would have had
better odds on my hedge trade if I had placed it closer to kick-off.
Now, because of Norsk Tipping’s specific rules, the Ural - Rostov game was not offered
as a single, meaning that it had to be matched with another game to form an accu-
mulator. I ended up combining it with another team scoring 2 goals or less in another
game at 1.01 in odds. They ended up scoring 2 goals, so it was a close call, that ended
with the trade being good. However this also meant that in reality my hedge trade
was not completely risk free. If the 1.01 game had not gone in, I would have ended up
losing the $100 I placed through the Asian bookmaker. Also, bookmakers often reserve
the right to void bets where the odds is wrongly set. This could potentially have left
me with a huge -EV trade. So if you are going to hedge your trades, make sure you are
familiar with your bookmakers rules and practices.
KEY TAKEAWAY
To sum it up hedging a sports bet can enable you to reduce your risk, but it will also
reduce your potential ROI. Therefore it is a tradeoff between risk and reward that you
as a trader have to make. In addition, you should be aware of potential pitfalls such as
bookmakers voiding your bets as they can leave you exposed.
Why Bookmakers Limit Players 17
“I’ll be honest with you, there’s a culture of always trying to be unfair with the custom-
er, and there doesn’t have to be. In other words, trying to deceive the customer, the
very guys who pay our wages. As a punter myself it annoys me, because I know other
bookmakers are doing it to me. The difference is, I understand it.”
Sports betting is an expensive service for the online betting companies compared to
games and casinos, or FOBT’s (Fixed Odds Betting Terminals) that are guaranteed to
provide profits. The soft bookmakers do therefore have high margins on sports betting,
and if someone consistantly earns money from sports betting they have no problems
with limiting the players to prevent the company from losing money.
Most betting companies deny limiting winning players. When P3, one of Norway’s
largest radio channels interviewed a spokesperson from a major Nordic bookmaker he
claimed that stake limitations are common though denying limiting winning players:
“Like most other companies in the industry, staking limits are applied to games, es-
pecially to prevent syndicate and insider betting. The claims that we generally limit
winning players are completely wrong and we do not experience many inquiries about
this.”
With little means to distinguish syndicate or inside bettors from sharp ones, the reality
is that winning players eventually get limited. The question then is,
how can one avoid being limited?
How Bookmakers Profile Players 18
Not all risk teams are the same, but industry insider Matthew Trenhaile, pointed out
things that will most likely be looked at:
• Does the account make money? Sounds ridiculous to highlight this but it is the
one thing that you can’t hide no matter whose account you use to place the bet.
• Is the account price sensitive and did the account place a bet via a price sensitive
medium such as a price comparison site? Sharp bettors are price sensitive.
• Was the bet placed well in advance of the start of the event? Anything prior to
the day of the event in particular can raise questions.
• Is the price an arbitrage price at the time of the bet? Pretty easy this one.
• Did the price shorten significantly after the bet was placed and before the start
of the event? The closing price is more accurate than the opening price after all.
• Did the client place only one bet rather than a variety of bets? Contentious this
one but bookmakers like to see you place multiple bets on the same match as if
you need as much action as possible. This is as long the bets are different types
and not the same bet type with different lines, doing so would just appear like
one’s exploiting the bookmakers mistakes.
• Do you withdraw your money? Never let money out the door.
• Do you use an E-Wallet when other more direct methods are possible? People
who need to move money fast are sharp or arbitrage traders. Or possibly money
launderers, which can get your account flagged just as fast whether you are one
or not.
• Do you use the online casino? If not then why not.
How Bookmakers Profile Players 19
• Do you bet on niche markets that are not directly highlighted by the marketing
team?
• Do you bet in large size? Betting is supposed to be a small stakes social exercise
isn’t it?
• Do you bet on mobile platforms? If yes then that is good news. If not how come
your IP keeps changing when you login? Are you using a dongle or a VPN to con-
fuse our kindly risk team?
• Are you a woman? They do not conventionally bet on sports unless they have
followed an arbitrage e-book or are a bowler account or at least that is the com-
mon assumption.
• Are you betting in a size not commonly associated with your demographic? Re-
search of professions and financial standing is becoming more commonplace
now. Originally they just wanted to find the rich lawyers, accountants, doctors
who are worth offering client entertainment to but now if you find a student
betting £1,000 pound a game that is note worthy as well.
• IESnare? Just Google it I guess. There are probably other cookie trackers that are
not as well publicised.
• Bet at the same time as several other punters, excluding just before an event
starts. Was it arbitrage? Was it a tipster?
• Try never to bet on a fixed match or one that is perceived as possibly fixed inten-
tionally or unintentionally.
• Do not work in the betting or tipster industry, be connected with the betting or
tipping industry, friends on Facebook with people in betting or follow people on
Twitter from the betting or tipping industry.
While reading this, you may have noticed that many of these points are hard to avoid
if your goal is profits. There are still some precautions one take to reduce the risk of
being limited. Therefore the next chapter is all about this.
How to Avoid Being Limited 20
CONTACT INFORMATION
Tradematesports.com
[email protected]