Maed 311

Once the groups have been formed, it happens that some groups perform well whereas some groups
do not
perform well. This happens because there are several factors both within and outside the groups, what effect
its performance.
It refers to the extent of homogeneity in members of the group. If members of the group are similar in
one or more ways such as their age, teaching experience, qualifications, expertise, cultural background
and several other such variables which are important for work performance, then the group is said to
be homogeneous. In a command group it is essential that the members are homogeneous in terms of
expertise though they may be differing in terms of age or teaching experience.
It has been empirically found that a group, heterogeneous in terms of age or experience, exhibits
frequent turnover in terms of changes in membership. Other researchers have found conflicting results
with reference to the age of employees.
In some studies it was found that managers in business establishments found older employees to be
rigid, difficult to re-train and very expensive in terms of salaries.
On the other hand, some studies have found older employees to be more regular in attendance, less
frequently changing their jobs, have a stronger work ethics compared to younger employees and once
trained, perform equally well as younger employees.
Moreover, if the work group is heterogeneous in terms of opinions, there could be positive benefits in
that the group is forced to pay complete attention to the activity, and proceedings and sometimes leads
to creative solutions to problems.
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A homogeneous group could have fewer differences of opinions and conflicts, more interaction and
better communication as compared to a heterogeneous group.
If a group is culturally heterogeneous, the principal could expect mutual distrust among the members
of the group, stereotyped labeling of each other as well as communication problems. Thus, initially,
such a group may not function effectively but as the group matures, its functioning may improve.
Next
if a group is very large, the interactions among the members become complex and communication
may become more difficult thereby leading to disagreements. But if such a large group has prepared a
formal procedure or agenda discussions can be controlled and work may proceed smoothly.
Besides in a large group, some People may dominate the proceedings whereas the shy ones may remain
in the background. There are possibilities that in a group some people may not contribute at all to the
tasks and while away their time purely social interactions.
The effectiveness of work in a very large group, therefore, depends on the nature of the task,
characteristics of members of the group and the ability of the leader to understand the problem and
take action to make the group function effectively
Third one,
Thus, a norm determines expected behaviour in a particular circumstance. A group determines its
norms during the second stage of its formation and continues it till the fourth stage. Norms help in
predicting other people’s behaviours and enable people to behave in an acceptable manner. Norms
prevent chaos.
A norm is developed through an interaction of factors such as the traditions of the group, the nature of
tasks, the situation and the personality characteristics members. If a norm is not conformed to by an
individual, he/she may receive verbal abuse or physical threat, boycott or removal from group.
Give example
Lastly,
If the group is composed of homogeneous individuals, has reached maturity in its development, its size
is not vary large, interactions among its members are frequent, its goals are clear, there is competition
with outsiders or threats from external factors and is concerned about effectiveness with regard to
reaching the goals enhance cohesiveness of groups. High levels of cohesiveness lead to goal
accomplishment, job satisfaction, improved interactions and synergy.
As opposed to this, group cohesiveness will be low if the group is heterogeneous in composition, newly
formed, large in size, its members are dispersed physically, its goals are ambiguous or have failed in
reaching its goals.
Low levels of group cohesiveness leads to problems and difficulties in attaining goals, more chances of
the group getting broken down, decrease in interactions, orientation towards self rather than the group
and reduced commitment to group goals.

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Once the groups have been formed, it happens that some groups perform well whereas some groups

After the slide

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