WORKSHEET NO.

1
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

Names: ______________________ Grade & Section:_______________

______________________ Date: _____________
Score: ____________

What is the structure of Earth?

Lesson Review
Label Earth’s layers. Then, write the name of the layer of Earth described by
each statement.

6. It is the innermost region of Earth.

7. It has an area of rock that flows like a thick liquid.

8. It forms the upper lithosphere.
9. It is the thin, outer layer of Earth.
10. It makes up about two-thirds of Earth’s mass.

11. It is made up mostly of iron.

Skill Challenge
Skill: calculating
Use the table below to answer the following questions.

1. What is the combined thickness of the layers of Earth?

(Use the larger number for the thickness of Earth’s crust.)
THE LAYERS OF EARTH
Layer Thickness
2. Use your answer from question 1 to calculate the Crust 5–70 km
percentages of the thickness of the following layers of
Mantle 2,900 km
Earth.
Outer Core 2,250 km
a. the crust
Inner Core 1,300 km
b. the mantle

c. the outer core

d. the inner core

Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM

(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. The Structure of Earth
 WORKSHEET NO. 2
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

Names: ______________________ Grade & Section:_______________

______________________ Date: _____________
Score: ____________

Layers of the Atmosphere

Enrichment Activity
Skills: researching, diagramming, identifying
Use reference materials to find out how far each layer of the atmosphere is above Earth’s
surface. On the graph below, draw bars to show where each layer begins and ends.
Then, draw arrows to show whether air pressure increases or decreases as you go higher
into the atmosphere.

Scientists have identified three main layers of the atmosphere: the troposphere,
thermosphere, and stratosphere. In addition to the three main layers, there is an
additional layer called the mesosphere. Within the thermosphere, there is the ionosphere.

Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM

(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.
 WORKSHEET NO. 3
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

Names: ______________________ Grade & Section:_______________

______________________ Date: _____________
Score: ____________

Test: Rocks and Their Origins

Interpreting Diagrams Use the diagram to answer the questions. Write
your answers in the spaces provided.

1. What is shown in the diagram?

2. What are the names of the three classes of rocks?

3. What two processes change rocks into sediments?

4. What two things can change sedimentary and igneous rocks into metamorphic rocks?

5. What is the only kind of rock that can form directly from magma?

6. What happens when the minerals in igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks melt?

7. What two processes cause sediments to form sedimentary rocks?

Rocks and Their Origins

8. What kind of rock always results from the application of heat and pressure on rocks?

Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM

(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.
Multiple Choice Write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement.
1. All rocks are made up of
a. lava. b. sediments. c. magma. d. minerals.

2. The grouping of things that are alike is the science of

a. petrology. b. classification. c. geology. d. biology.
3. Rocks formed when melted minerals cool and harden are classified as
a. molten rocks. b. sedimentary rocks. c. igneous rocks. d. lava rocks.

4. Magma that reaches Earth’s surface is called

a. lava. b. molten. c. igneous. d. conglomerate.

5. Molten rock is made up of

a. melted minerals. b. lava. c. obsidian. d. melted iron and nickel.

6. The mineral crystals of a rock formed from magma usually are

a. small. b. large. c. fine. d. cubic.

7. Rocks formed from the remains of living things are classified as

a. metamorphic. b. igneous. c. sedimentary. d. lava.

8. Limestone and halite are examples of

a. clastics. b. nonclastics. c. foliated rocks. d. unfoliated rocks.

9. A rock formed when another rock is changed by heat and pressure is classified as
a. a metamorphic rock. b. an igneous rock. c. a sediment. d. a clastic.

10. The series of natural processes by which rocks are slowly changed from one kind to
another is
a. sedimentation. b. the rock cycle. c. classification. d. petrology.

11. A metamorphic rock that has mineral crystals arranged in bands is

a. unfoliated. b. foliated. c. a clastic. d. a nonclastic.

12. The texture of an igneous rock that does not have mineral crystals is
a. fine. b. clastic. c. glassy. d. foliated.

13. Quartzite is formed from

a. halite. b. sandstone. c. shale. d. pyrite.

14. Coal is a sedimentary rock formed from

a. plants. b. lava. c. chemicals. d. magma.

15. Two minerals commonly found in igneous rocks are mica and
a. halite b. feldspar c. pyrite d. silver

Rocks and Their Origins

 WORKSHEET NO. 4

Key Term Review: Rocks and Their Origins

Use the clues to complete the crossword puzzle below. You will write letters in
the shaded boxes.
1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8

9 10 11

12

13

14

15

Clues
Across Down
1. “Changed rock” (2 words) 1. Melted minerals (2 words)

4. Sedimentary rock made up of fragments of 2. Mixture of minerals, generally cemented

rocks together
6. Magma that reaches Earth’s surface 3. Metamorphic rock with mineral crystals
arranged in bands
10. Molten rock inside Earth
5. Rock particles carried and deposited by
12. Group of sedimentary rock made up of water, wind, or ice
dissolved minerals or the remains of
living things 7. Metamorphic rock that does not have
mineral crystals arranged in bands
13. Crystal size 8. Rock formed by the crystallization of hot
14. Series of events that happen over and over melted rocks or minerals (2 words)
again 9. Large body of igneous rock that can form
different shapes when magma cools inside
15. Rock that forms from pieces of other rocks Earth’s crust
that are pressed together (2 words)
11. Series of natural processes by which rocks
slowly change from one kind to another
(2 words)

Rocks and Their Origins

 WORKSHEET NO. 5
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

Names: ______________________ Grade & Section:_______________

______________________ Date: _____________
Score: ____________

Key Term Review: Weathering and Soil

In the spaces provided, write the term that best fits each description.
Unscramble the letters in brackets [ ] to spell a topic related to weathering and soil.
Write the topic in the space provided at the bottom of the page. Then, explain the
meaning of the topic in one or two sentences.
1. Decaying remains of plants and animals [ ]

2. Solid rock that lies beneath the soil [ ]

3. Weathering in which the chemical makeup of rocks does not change

4. Mixture of silt, sand, and clay [ ]

5. Removing or washing away the minerals in soil [ ]

6. Chemical reaction that occurs when carbonic acid reacts with certain minerals
[ ]
7. All the layers that make up the soil in an area [ ]

8. Weathering caused by the freezing and melting of water

[ ]
9. Chemical change that occurs when oxygen reacts with another substance
[ ]

10. Chemical reaction that occurs when water reacts with another substance
[ ]

11. Weathering that changes the chemical makeup of rocks

[ ]

12. Size of soil particles [ ]

13. Soil remaining on top of the bedrock from which it formed

14. Soil moved away from the bedrock from which it formed

15. Breaking down of rocks and other materials on Earth’s surface

16. Rain containing nitric and sulfuric acids [ ]

17. Soil layer [ ]

Topic:

Rocks and Their Origins

Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM

(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.
 WORKSHEET NO. 6
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

Names: ______________________ Grade & Section:_______________

______________________ Date: _____________
Score: ____________

Test: Weathering and Soil

Interpreting Diagrams Use the terms listed in the box to label the diagram
above. Then, answer the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

TERMS 1.
A Horizon 6.
B Horizon 2.
C Horizon 5.
Bedrock
Subsoil
4.
Topsoil

3.

7. What is shown in the diagram?

8. What is a horizon?

9. Is the soil shown a mature soil or an immature soil?

10. Which soil layer is rich in humus?

11. What process moves minerals into the B Horizon?

Multiple Choice Write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1. Ice wedging and root action are examples of

a. mechanical weathering. b. chemical weathering. c. leaching. d. carbonation.

2. Potholes in streets are caused by

a. carbonation. b. hydrolysis. c. oxidation. d. ice wedging.

3. Rusting is caused by
a. carbonation. b. oxidation. c. hydrolysis. d. nitric acid.

4. Plants that produce weak acids that can wear away a rock’s surface are
a. limes. b. mushrooms. c. bacteria. d. mosses.

5. The parent material of soil is

a. limestone. b. bedrock. c. oxygen. d. fertilizer.

6. The chemical elements in soil that are needed by plants are

a. humus. b. fertilizers. c. nutrients. d. pH.
Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM
(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Weathering and Soil
7. The texture of a soil is determined by the soil particles’
a. shape. b. mass. c. size. d. chemical makeup.

8. Potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen in soil provide plants with

a. humus. b. nutrients. c. support. d. acids.
Test: Weathering and Soil (continued)
9. The reaction of water with other substances is
a. carbonation. b. acid rain. c. oxidation. d. hydrolysis.

10. Rocks containing a lot of quartz

a. weather slowly. b. weather quickly. c. form most soil. d. do not weather.

11. Weathering occurs fastest in

a. cold, dry climates. b. cold, wet climates.
c. hot, dry climates. d. hot, wet climates.

12. The organic material in soil is

a. humus. b. bedrock. c. fertilizer. d. feldspar.

13. Acid rain contains rainwater mixed with sulfuric acid or

a. oxygen. b. silicon. c. nitric acid. d. hydrochloric acid.

14. Soil that remains on top of the bedrock from which it was formed is
a. topsoil. b. transported soil. c. sweet soil. d. residual soil.

15. The process by which minerals in soil are removed or washed away is called
a. carbonation. b. leaching. c. fertilizing. d. hydrolysis.

16. A soil with a fine texture would likely contain a lot of

a. sand. b. clay. c. nutrients. d. humus.

17. Soil with a chemical makeup the same as the parent material is
a. transported soil. b. residual soil. c. topsoil. d. subsoil.

18. Limestone weathers very quickly because it contains a lot of

a. calcite. b. feldspar. c. quartz. d. iron.

19. Substances that fill the spaces between soil particles are
a. water and air. b. sand and clay.
c. humus and weathered rock. d. mosses and lichens.

20. To replace minerals used up by plants or washed away by leaching, farmers use
a. clay. b. sand. c. fertilizers. d. silt.

Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM

(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Weathering and Soil
 WORKSHEET NO. 7A
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

Names: ______________________ Grade & Section:_______________

______________________ Date: _____________
Score: ____________

What is mechanical weathering?

Lesson Review
Complete each statement with a term from the list. Write your answers in the
spaces provided.

contract expand mechanical weathering

chemical weathering pressure ice wedging
root action weathering

1. The process by which rocks on Earth’s crust are broken down is called .

2. Physical changes in rocks, such as size and shape, occur during .

3. The chemical makeup of rocks is changed during .

4. During the day, heat causes the outside of rocks to , or become larger.

5. At night, the outsides of rocks cool and .

6. When water inside rocks freezes and melts over and over again, occurs.

7. The roots of trees can exert on a sidewalk and cause it to crack.

8. If a tree causes a sidewalk to crack, mechanical weathering called has taken place.

Skill Challenge
Skills: analyzing, classifying
Decide which kind of mechanical weathering is described by each statement. In
the space provided, write T for temperature change, I for ice wedging, and R for
root action.

1. After a harsh winter, a street has many potholes.

2. Cracks appear in a sidewalk near a tree.

3. A stone wall begins to crumble after several winters during which ice formed in its
cracks.

4. The outside of a rock peels off from repeated heating and cooling.

5. Cracks develop between the bricks of an ancient stone ruin among the trees in a jungle.

Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM

(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Weathering and Soil

Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM

(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Weathering and Soil
 WORKSHEET NO. 7B
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

Names: ______________________ Grade & Section:_______________

______________________ Date: _____________
Score: ____________

What is chemical weathering?

Lesson Review
Match each term in Column B with its description in Column A. Write the correct
letter in the space provided.

Column A Column B

1. change that produces new substances a. moss

2. causes chemical changes in rocks b. oxidation

3. reaction between oxygen and another substance c. carbonic acid

4. iron oxide d. chemical change

5. mineral containing iron e. pyrite

6. chemical reaction between water and another substance f. carbon dioxide

7. a gas in the air g. chemical weathering

8. carbon dioxide dissolved in water h. rust

9. rock made of calcite i. hydrolysis

10. acid-producing plant j. limestone

Skill Challenge
Skills: analyzing, identifying
The equations below represent chemical reactions. The substances that combine
are shown on the left of the arrow. The new substance that is produced is shown
on the right of the arrow. In the space provided, identify each chemical reaction
as an example of hydrolysis or oxidation.

1. oxygen + a mineral  a new compound

2. water + feldspar  clay

3. oxygen + copper  green substance

4. oxygen + iron  iron oxide

Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM

(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Weathering and Soil

Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM

(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Weathering and Soi
 WORKSHEET NO. 8
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

Names: ______________________ Grade & Section:_______________

______________________ Date: _____________
Score: ____________

Why is the seafloor spreading?

Lesson Review
Write true if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined
term to make the statement true.

1. The two kinds of crust are oceanic crust and land.

2. Series of underwater mountain chains are called mid-ocean ridges.

3. Iceland is part of the Mid-Pacific Ridge.

4. Oceanic crust near a mid-ocean ridge is older than crust farther away.

5. The deep crack running down the center of an ocean ridge is called a trench.

6. New continental crust is formed at the mid-ocean ridges.

7. Seafloor spreading is a process that forms new oceanic crust.

Skill Challenge
Skills: modeling, identifying
Complete the following.
1. Label the lettered parts
of Figure A. Use these
labels: oceanic crust,
Iceland, and
Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

2. Label Figure B. Use these terms: rising

magma, ocean crust, mid-ocean ridge, and
Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM rift valley.
(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Weathering and Soil
3. Draw arrows on Figure B to show
seafloor spreading.

Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM

(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Plate Tectonics
 WORKSHEET NO. 9
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

Names: ______________________ Grade & Section:_______________

______________________ Date: _____________
Score: ____________

Test: Earth's Changing Landscape

Interpreting Maps Use the map to complete the following.
1. What does the symbol
mean? ________________________

2. What does the symbol

mean? ________________________ _____________________________________________________

3. What is a fault? _________________

_______________________________

4. What is the name of the fault

shown? _______________________ _____________________________________________________

5. What kind of landform is

sometimes formed by faulting? __________________________________________________________

6. What happens when movement occurs along a fault? _______________________________________

7. What three mountain systems are shown on the map? _______________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

8. Which mountain system shown was most likely formed by faulting? __________________________

Why? ________________________________________________________________________________

9. What kind of mountains are formed by faulting? ___________________________________________

10. What are two kinds of landforms other than mountains? ____________________________________

Multiple Choice Write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement in the space provided.

_________ 1. An upward fold in rock layers is called

a. an anticline. b. a syncline. c. a fault. d. a vent.

_________ 2. A break in a rock is called a

a. fault. b. vent. c. fold. d. fracture.

_________ 3. The distance of a place above or below sea level is its

a. latitude. b. longitude. c. elevation. d. caldera.

_________ 4. Sharp, jagged peaks are a characteristic of mountains that are

Concepts and Challengesa. young.
in Earth Teacher’s
Science, b. mature. c.CD-ROM
Resources elevated. d. folded.
(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. The Changing Landscape

_________ 5. Mountains formed from magma that pushes up rock layers are
a. folded mountains. b. fault-block mountains.
c. volcanic mountains. d. dome mountains.
Name Class Date

Test: Earth's Changing Landscape (continued)

6. Large, flat areas of Earth that are not far above sea level are
a. plateaus. b. mountains. c. plains. d. volcanoes.

7. A steep-sided valley formed by a river is a

a. vent. b. canyon. c. caldera. d. crater.

8. Any movement of magma inside Earth is

a. volcanism. b. magnetism. c. a lava flow. d. a gorge.

9. The deep pit at the top of a volcanic cone is a

a. caldera. b. vent. c. crater. d. volcano.

10. A volcanic cone made up of alternating layers of lava and rock particles is a
a. cinder cone. b. lava cone. c. shield cone. d. composite cone.

11. The place on Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake is the
a. volcano. b. seismic wave. c. epicenter. d. seismograph.

12. A type of volcano caused by a quiet eruption is a

a. cinder cone. b. composite cone. c. shield cone. d. folded cone.

13. An instrument that is used to detect and measure earthquake waves is a

a. seismogram. b. seismograph. c. volcanic meter. d. seismic wave.

14. The Ring of Fire is a major earthquake and volcano zone that almost forms a ring
around
a. the Atlantic Ocean. b. the mid-Atlantic Ridge. c. Europe. d. the Pacific Ocean.

15. On the Richter scale, earthquakes are given a number between

a. 1 and 2. b. 1 and 5. c. 1 and 9. d. 2 and 10.

16. For each increase in number on the Richter scale, an earthquake releases
a. twice as much energy. b. five times as much energy.
c. ten times as much energy. d. twenty times as much energy.

17. A large wave caused by an earthquake that occurs on the ocean floor is a
a. crater. b. vent. c. caldera. d. tsunami.

18. Seismic waves that can move through solids, liquids, and gases are
a. P-waves. b. L-waves. c. S-waves. d. tsunami waves.

19. The last waves to reach a seismograph are

a. P-waves. b. L-waves. c. S-waves. d. tsunami waves.

20. Earthquakes and volcanoes caused by the formation of new crust on the ocean floor are
located along the
a. San Andreas Fault. b. European-Melanesian Belt.
c. Ring of Fire. d. Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM

(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. The Changing Landscape
 WORKSHEET NO. 10
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

Names: ______________________ Grade & Section:_______________

______________________ Date: _____________
Score: ____________

How do earthquakes cause damage?

Lesson Review
Write true if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined
term to make the statement true.

1. The seismic scale is used to measure the energy of earthquakes.

2. An earthquake measuring 2.5 or more on the Richter scale can cause a great
deal of damage.

3. An earthquake measuring 2.5 or less on the Richter scale usually is not felt
by people.

4. Buildings built to remain standing during an earthquake are said to be

earthquake proof.

5. A tsunami forms when the epicenter of an earthquake is on the desert floor.

6. A tsunami is a large wave that is sometimes caused by an earthquake.

7. A laser is a beam of light that can be used to detect movements along faults.

8. A Richter Risk Map shows where earthquakes may occur and the kind of
damage they may cause.
Skill Challenge
Skills: sequencing, inferring, classifying
Numbers from the Richter scale are shown below. Place the numbers in order
from the weakest earthquake (a ) to the strongest earthquake ( j ). Then, in the
spaces provided, classify each earthquake according to how much damage it is
likely to cause.
8.9 7.0 1.2 2.5 6.9 4.2 5.0 9.0 3.3 7.7
a. b. c. d. e.

f. g. h. i. j.

No Damage Little to Moderate Damage Great Damage

Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM

(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. The Changing Landscape

Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM

(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. The Changing Landscape
Concepts and Challenges in Earth Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM
(c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. The Changing Landscape