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AEROSPACE AMS2759/9D
MATERIAL
Issued 1996-11
SPECIFICATION Revised 2009-05

Superseding AMS2759/9C
Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief (Baking) of Steel Parts

RATIONALE

AMS2759/9D was issued to correct a publishing error in 3.3.3.6: “four” is returned to “24” hours.

1. SCOPE

1.1 Purpose

This specification covers the requirements for embrittlement relief (baking) of heat treated steel parts to remove hydrogen
infused during plating and certain other chemical processing such as stripping, chemical milling, pickling, and etching.

1.2 Application

This specification is applicable to parts made from carbon, low-alloy, and martensitic stainless steel heat treated to a
minimum strength of 180 ksi (1241 MPa) or heat treated to a minimum hardness of 40 HRC or equivalent. It is also
applicable to threaded fasteners made from carbon, low-alloy, or martensitic stainless steels heat treated to a minimum
strength of 150 ksi (1034 MPa) or 34 HRC or equivalent, parts made from high strength precipitation hardening stainless
steels other than A-286, and steel parts which have been case hardened (carburized, nitrided, nitrocarburized, or
carbonitrided). See 8.2.

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the
extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue
is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the
last published issue of that document shall apply.

2.1 SAE Publications

Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside
USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.

AMS2649 Etch Inspection of High Strength Steel Parts

AMS2750 Pyrometry
AMS2759 Heat Treatment of Steel Parts

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) on this Technical Report, please visit
Fax: 724-776-0790 http://www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2759/9D
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SAE AMS2759/9D Page 2 of 5

3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

In the event of a conflict between this specification and the document citing this specification, that document shall prevail.

3.1 Pyrometry shall conform to AMS2750 furnace class 5, instrumentation type D, as a minimum.

3.2 Heat treatment equipment shall conform to AMS2759 and requirements specified herein. Furnaces shall be
circulating-air type.

3.3 Procedure

3.3.1 Cleaning

Parts shall be clean prior to baking.

3.3.2 Racking and Spacing

Parts shall be placed in racks or trays, made of mesh or expanded metal, or supported or suspended so as to allow free
circulation of the heating medium, except small parts may be randomly arranged in trays providing that layers of parts are
not thicker than 2 inches (51 mm) and the distance between the layers is not less than 2 inches (51 mm).

3.3.2.1 Thickness of layers of small parts randomly arranged in trays may be greater than 2 inches (51 mm), provided
tests have been made with load thermocouples to confirm that the center of the coldest load will reach the set
temperature minus 25 °F (14 °C) within one hour of loading.

3.3.3 Parts shall be baked after the completion of the chemical processing or plating designated in Table 1 or 2. (See 8.2.)

3.3.3.1 Delay Time Limits

The elapsed time between completion of plating or other chemical processing operations and start of heating parts in the
baking furnace shall not exceed 4 hours except, when baking is required after etch inspection (refer to footnote 4 of
Tables 1 and 2) to detect abusive grinding or machining, the elapsed time shall not exceed 24 hours.

3.3.3.2 Bake Set Temperature

3.3.3.2.1 Standard bake set temperature shall be 375 °F (191 °C) in accordance with Table 1, nonstandard baking set
temperatures listed in Table 2 shall be used for parts made from the following materials/processes:

• Carburize or carbonitride case hardening heat treatment

• AISI 52100 steel

• Type 440C corrosion and heat resisting steel

• Music wire

• Other alloys tempered below 400 °F (204 °C).

3.3.3.3 Bake Soak Time

Bake soak time shall be as designated in Table 1 or 2, as applicable.

3.3.3.4 Start of Soak Time

Soaking time shall commence when parts are placed in the furnace, the furnace door(s) are closed, and the temperature
indicated by the furnace control instrument is within 25 °F (14 °C) of the set temperature.
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SAE AMS2759/9D Page 3 of 5

3.3.3.5 Soaking Interruptions

3.3.3.5.1 If the delay time (3.3.3.1) is less than 2 hours, soaking may be interrupted for the purpose of adding or
removing parts. If the delay time (3.3.3.1) is 2 hours or more, parts shall be soaked for at least one hour
before any such interruption.

3.3.3.5.2 If the temperature indicated by the control instrument drops more than 25 °F (14 °C) below the set
temperature, the time during which the indicated temperature was below that temperature shall not be
considered part of the soaking time of any parts in the furnace.

TABLE 1 - MINIMUM BAKE SOAK TIME (HOURS) AT 375 °F (191 °C)

Specified (8)
Platings Chemical Treatments
Temper,
Steel/Part Minimum
(9) Cd
Description Strength (2) (3) (4)
& Ni Cr Zn Cu Ag Au Sn Zn-Ni Chem Etch
or Minimum
(1) Cd-Ti
Hardness
180 ksi (1241 MPa)
AISI 1095 (5) 23 23 8 23 8 3 3 5 8 3 4
or 40 HRC
AF1410,
HP 9Ni-4Co-0.3C, All 23 23 8 23 8 8 5 5 23 8 4
AerMet 100
Other High
Strength Carbon, 220 ksi (1517 MPa)
(6) 23 23 23 23 8 3 3 5 23 8 4
Low-Alloy, or 46 HRC
Tool Steel
Lower Strength
Carbon, Low- 180 ksi (1241 MPa)
(5) (7) 8 8 3 23 8 3 3 3 8 3 4
Alloy, or 40 HRC
Tool Steel
High Strength
Martensitic 220 ksi (1517 MPa)
(6) 23 23 8 23 8 3 3 5 23 8 NA
Stainless other or 46 HRC
than 440C
Lower Strength
180 ksi (1241 MPa)
Martensitic (7) 3 3 3 23 8 3 3 3 8 3 NA
or 40 HRC
Stainless
17-7PH®
15-7PH® CH900, H900, H925,
23 23 8 23 8 3 3 3 8 3 NA
17-4PH® H950, RH950
15-5PH® Stainless
CUSTOM 455®
& 465®
H950, H1000 23 23 8 23 8 8 3 8 23 3 NA
PH13-8 Mo®
Stainless
NOTES:
NA - Not applicable
(1) Or equivalent
(2) Includes electroless nickel, unless age hardened within four hours of plating
(3) Chemical Processing: Etching, Stripping, Pickling, Chemical Milling
(4) Etch Inspection to detect abusive grinding/machining or the presence of carburizing - Baking is required after etch inspection when
hydrochloric or other reducing acid is used (e.g., AMS2649, Type 2 hydrochloric acid desmut).
(5) Or higher, but having minimum less than 220 ksi (1517 MPa) or 46 HRC
(6) Or higher specified minimum hardness
(7) Threaded fasteners - minimum 150 ksi (1034 MPa) and higher or 34 HRC or equivalent but minimum less than 180 ksi (1241 MPa)
or 40 HRC or equivalent - three hours for all processes
(8) For platings not listed, use baking time shown for cadmium.
(9) ® Custom 455 and Custom 465 are registered trade names of Carpenter Technology Corp.
17-7PH, 15-5PH, 15-7PH, PH13-8 Mo, and 17-4PH are registered trademarks of AK Steel (Armco).
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SAE AMS2759/9D Page 4 of 5

TABLE 2 - MINIMUM BAKE SOAK TIMES (HOURS)

ON HIGH ALLOY, ULTRA-HIGH STRENGTH STEELS,
AND FOR CASE HARDENED SURFACES
(6) Chemical
Platings
Treatments
Steel/Part Specified Bake
(9)
Description Minimum Temperature Cd
(2) TD (3) (4)
Hardness
(1) (8) o o
F ( C) & Ni Cr Cr (7)
Zn Cu Ag Au Sn Zn-Ni Chem Etch
Cd-Ti

Music Wire All 325 °F (163 °C) 23 23 8 96 23 23 8 5 5 23 8 8

(5)
52100 62 HRC 275 °F (135 °C) 23 23 23 96 23 23 23 5 5 23 8 4
52100 Below 62 HRC 375 °F (191 °C) 23 23 23 23 23 8 23 5 5 8 4 4
(5)
440C Stainless 46 HRC 300 °F (149 °C) 23 23 8 96 23 8 8 5 8 23 8 NA
Carburized
All Parts 275 °F (135 °C) 23 23 8 23 23 23 8 5 5 23 8 8
Carbonitrided
Nitrided
All Parts 375 °F (191 °C) 8 8 8 23 8 8 8 3 3 8 3 4
Nitrocarburized
NOTES:
NA - Not applicable
(1) Or equivalent
(2) Includes electroless nickel unless age hardened within four hours
(3) Chemical Processing: Etching, Stripping, Pickling, Chemical Milling
(4) Etch Inspection to detect abusive grinding/machining or the presence of carburizing - Baking is required after etch inspection
when hydrochloric or other reducing acid is used (e.g., AMS2649, Type 2 hydrochloric acid desmut).
(5) Or higher specified minimum hardness
(6) For platings not listed, use baking time shown for cadmium.
(7) Thin dense chromium plating (e.g., AMS2438).
(8) For induction hardened or carburized parts, an extended bake time in excess of 23 hours is prohibited.
(9) Other alloys – For other alloys tempered at 300 °F (149 °C) or lower, a baking schedule of 275 °F (135 °C) for 96 hours shall
be used. For other alloys tempered at 400 °F (204 °C) and hotter, a baking schedule of 375 °F (191 °C) for 23 hours shall be
used. For other alloys tempered between 300 °F (149 °C) and 400 °F (204 °C), contact the cognizant engineering organization
to verify the proper baking schedule.

3.3.3.6 Multistep Processes

An additional intermediate baking treatment is required if there is an interruption between steps exceeding 2 hours or if
the elapsed time between the start of the first step and start of final baking exceeds 24 hours.

3.3.3.6.1 When the strength is 240 ksi (1655 Mpa) or lower (49 HRC or less), the intermediate bake soak time shall be
3 hours minimum, unless parts are nickel plated. See 3.3.3.6.3.

3.3.3.6.2 When the strength is over 240 ksi (1655 Mpa) (over 49 HRC), the intermediate bake the soak time shall be 6
hours minimum, unless parts are nickel plated. See 3.3.3.6.3.

3.3.3.6.3 When parts are nickel plated and heat treated to 200 ksi (1379 Mpa) or higher (43 HRC or harder), the
intermediate bake soak time shall be the full amount of time shown in Table 1 or 2, as applicable.

3.3.3.6.4 After completion of the final step of chemical treatment or plating, full baking in accordance with applicable
Table 1 or 2 is required.

3.4 Records

Records shall be maintained that show the identification and the following for each lot:

3.4.1 Date and time of completion of the plating or other chemical process.

3.4.2 Date and time of start of baking.

3.4.3 Date and time of start of soak.

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SAE AMS2759/9D Page 5 of 5

3.4.4 Date and time of completion of baking.

3.4.5 Furnace control instrument set temperature.

3.4.6 Furnace identification.

4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS

4.1 Reports

Processor’s reports shall include the baking time and temperature and shall state that baking was performed in
accordance with AMS2759/9D.

4.2 Records shall be retained for at least 5 years, including all information required in 3.5, and shall be available for
review by authorized representatives of purchaser.

5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY

In accordance with AMS2759.

6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

In accordance with AMS2759.

7. REJECTIONS

In accordance with AMS2759.

8. NOTES

8.1 A change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical
revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of
the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and
(R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only.

8.2 Ordering Data

In order to ensure that the appropriate baking treatment is applied to each lot of parts, it is essential that the processor be
furnished with information identifying the material and its minimum strength or hardness or, in the case of precipitation
hardening stainless steel, its temper. Additionally, the tempering temperatures should be furnished to the processor for
carburized or carbonitrided parts and parts fabricated from music wire, 52100, 440C, or any other alloy tempered below
375 °F (191 °C).

8.3 Terms used in AMS are clarified in ARP1917.

8.4 Dimensions and properties in inch/pound units and the Fahrenheit temperatures are primary; dimensions and
properties in SI units and the Celsius temperatures are shown as the approximate equivalents of the primary units
and are presented only for information.

PREPARED BY “AMEC” AND AMS COMMITTEE “B”