q1 w3 Comprog Montemayor
q1 w3 Comprog Montemayor
q1 w3 Comprog Montemayor
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Schools Division Office of Biñan City
BIÑAN CITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ANTONIO CAMPUS
Pedro Escueta St., Brgy. San Antonio, City of Biñan, Laguna
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The first ‘true calculator’ was invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. It was
praised for attempting arithmetic calculations that were previously
thought impossible.
Mechanical calculators in the 17the century were comparable in size to
typewriters and have been rendered obsolete by the advent of portable
electronic calculators.
Modern electronic calculators are used to carry out various tasks, ranging
from basic arithmetic to complex mathematics. They have not only
enhanced our ability to perform basic computations but provided us with
the ability to understand mathematics on a greater scale than ever
imagined.
today, there are many types of calculators available in the market that
features different power sources, designs, and functions. One can put
them into three categories based on the source of power.
Electric calculators: the old ones that work on electricity.
• Battery calculators: the current ones that use cells to do
calculations.
• Solar calculators: are the electronic calculators powered by solar
cells mounted on the devices.
B. DEVELOPMENT
Nowadays, most calculators use both battery and solar energy to perform
operations. Below, we have listed all different types of calculators
(currently available in the market) as per their usage purpose.
1. Abacus
Abacus is a simple tool used to perform
quick arithmetic calculations. It was
invented in ancient times and now widely
used in brain development
programs. Studies have proved that
Abacus learners use both sides of the
brain: right and left hemisphere.
The word ‘abacus’ comes from the Greek word ‘abax’, which meant
‘counting table’. The device is usually made of a rectangular wooden frame
that holds multiple vertically arranged rods, on which beads slide up and
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down. Each rod represents a unique place value, while each bead
represents a number.
The device helps children carry out calculations in mind by visualizing
Abacus bead movements. It also improves their concentration levels. It is
especially helpful for visually impaired people who cannot use digital
calculators.
2. Basic Calculators
The basic, portable calculators are used in almost
every office and home. They are perfect for doing
general-purpose calculations and basic math tasks,
such as addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, exponentiation, and logarithm.
This type of calculator usually includes an 8- to 12-
digit display (LCD seven-segment display) and
physical keys for input. They run on both battery and
solar energy: the battery is used when light is
insufficient and solar energy is used when there is enough light to run the
device.
Some basic calculators feature extra-large display for reading, recheck
functions to confirm errors, and On-display indication of active constant
to reduce chances of manual error. Some of them also come with dedicated
keys for calculation of price with tax, and for grand total calculation.
3. Scientific Calculators Scientific calculators are specially
designed to solve problems in science, engineering,
mathematics. Some of these calculators include statistical and
trigonometric calculations, and some even have the ability to
perform computer algebra.
The first scientific calculator named HP-9100A was
manufactured in 1968. Since then, thousands of portable and
handheld scientific calculators have been invented by various companies.
Currently, Casio is a major player in this market.
They are widely used to solve specific mathematical functions and perform
calculations on very small or very larger numbers, as in some aspects of
chemistry, physics, and astronomy.
While most models consist of a single-line display similar to basic
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calculators, some of them have 10- to 12-digits with extra digits for the
floating-point arithmetic.
Generally, the high-end scientific calculators feature Boolean math,
hexadecimal calculations, fractions, and probability calculations, complex
numbers, physicals constants, unit conversion, calculus, and matrix
calculations.
4. Graphing Calculators
In certain contexts, scientific calculators have been replaced
by graphing calculators. They can plot graphs, solve
simultaneous equations, and carry out tasks with variables.
The first commercial graphing calculator, fx-7000G, was
released by Casio in 1985. Since then, many advanced
calculators have been manufactured with faster processors,
more memory, and a USB connection. Today, Texas
Instruments and Casio hold most of the calculator market.
Compared to basic calculators, they have large displays to
show several lines of text, figures, and calculations at the same time. In
fact, most graphing calculators are also programmable, which means
users can create customized programs for specific scientific or engineering
applications.
Some of these calculators can also be connected to instruments such as
electronic accelerometers, pH gauges, electronic thermometers, weather
devices, and thus function as data loggers.
The latest graphing calculators come with high-resolution LCD screens
and fast CPUs to perform the most complex graphics and calculations.
Users can write and store programs to automate an elaborate procedure.
Also, users can connect it with a computer for even greater functionality.
5. Printing Calculators
Printing calculators were pretty popular before
personal computers were present in every home.
They are basic calculators that print results onto a
paper along with displaying them on an LCD screen.
At present, printing calculators are available in both
desktop and portable models running on batteries
and/or AC power. They are mostly used by
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shopkeepers and accountants to print bill receipts,
calculate profit margins, and track time for payroll.
They come with a roll of paper inside the printer, on
which all records are printed. Some calculators can
print in two colors for easy checking: black (shows
positive values) and red (shows negative value).
6. Online Calculators
Nowadays, many types of calculators can be
accessed on the Internet. They are designed to
perform specific tasks. BMI calculator, for
example, takes weight and height as input,
and measure body mass index.
Similarly, pregnancy calculators are designed
to predict a woman’s due age based on key
pregnancy information. Other online
calculators, such as a calorie calculator, can
help people figure out how many calories they
should be eating per day to either lose or
maintain weight.
C. ENGAGEMENT
1. Find the sum of:
(i) 7853 + 6329
(ii) 342815 + 506793
2. Add the following:
(i) 2 1 4 3 7 + 5 2 8 9 2 + 3 2 0 4
(ii) 2 7 5 6 + 5 2 1 3 4 + 3 7 2 9 2
3. Subtract:
(i) 5 4 2 0 1 - 2 2 8 7 3
(ii) 8 6 2 7 5 - 3 5 6 7 9
4. Simplify:
(i) 4391 + 7530 – 9418
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(ii) 8457 + 3502 – 6989
5. Find the product of:
(i) 3427 x 15
(ii) 2976 x 809
(iii) 5716 x 831
6. Find the product of:
(i) 49 x 700
(ii) 63 x 400
(iii) 79 x 900
7. Find the quotient:
(i) 170 ÷ 10
(ii) 210 ÷ 70
(iii) 7005 ÷ 10
8. Divide and find the quotient and
remainder: (i) 294 ÷ 3
(ii) 237 ÷ 16
(iii) 6692 ÷ 64
D. ASSIMILATION
D. REFLECTION
The learners will write in their journal their personal insights about the lesson and how it
can be applied through this pandemic time using the prompts below:
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I understand that
I realize that
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4, 5 etc.) based on their place values.
The place of a digit in a number determines its value. Some whole
numbers, such as 632, have three digits. Each digit represents a different
value.
In the number 632:
• the 2 is in the ones digit place 632
• the 3 is in the tens digit place 632
• the 6 is in the hundreds digit place 632
So, there are two ones (2), three tens (30) and six hundreds (600) in the
number 632. Knowing the value of digits in a number is important as you
learn about addition.
A math concept is the 'why' or 'big idea' of math. Knowing a math
concept means you know the workings behind the answer. You know why
you got the answer you got and you don't have to memorize answers or
formulas to figure them out.....This takes us to the difference between
a math concept and a math fact.
Think of place values like this:
Addition is the combining of two or more numbers to get a sum. For
example, if you have 3 lemons, and you go to the store and buy 2 more,
you have a sum of 5 lemons.
Let's look at it on a number line, beginning at 3 and moving over two
places:
You might write 3 + 2 = 5 which means 3 plus 2 equals 5 The plus sign
is used when you add.
You can use addition when totaling your bills or on the job when you
need to add two or more quantities together.
Stacking and Adding Numbers
You've learned that you can write addition as a number plus another
number: 3 + 4. An easy way to add numbers is to stack them in their value
places.
To stack numbers:
• Place the numbers you want to add on top of each other in
their value places.
• Place the plus sign,+, on the left of the stack
• Draw a line at the bottom.
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Suppose you want to add 12 and 3.
To add the numbers:
• First, add the 3 and 2 in the ones place to get 5.
• Since there is nothing in the tens place to the left of 3, bring down
the 1.
• The sum is 15. Place it below the line in the addition problem.
When doing addition, try using a sheet of lined paper turned
sideways to help you put numbers in their value places.
Carrying Numbers
If you want to add 16 and 18, the steps are a little different because
you'll need to carry a number to the next place value. You carry when
the numbers in a place value add up to more than 9. This is an important
skill you'll need to learn in order to do some addition.
To add 16 and 18:
• First, add 6 and 8 in the ones place: 6 + 8 = 14.
• The number 14 has a 4 in the ones place and a 1 in the tens place.
• Put the 4 in the ones place of your sum.
• Next, place the remaining 1 over the ones in the tens place in your
problem. This is called carrying to the next place value.
• Add all the ones.
• Place 3 in the tens place of your sum.
The sum of 16 plus 18 is 34.
Paying Attention to Place Values
Remember, a good way to add numbers is to
stack them. It doesn't matter what order you
stack them in as long as you put them in their
place values:
To add 144 + 20 + 6, you could stack the numbers in several ways
including:
They all add up to 170!
Grouping 10s
It's important to learn how to add numbers mentally in order to do daily
tasks. For example, you may want to keep track of the cost of items in your
grocery cart so you don't go over $30.
There's a quick way to add some numbers in your head: Use groups of
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10.
Suppose you're in charge of collecting money from your
co-workers to buy a gift for the boss. You know that
Aaron plans to give $10, Maria will give $12, David
will contribute $5 and you will give $11.
Find out how much money you will have to spend, by
making groups of 10. Think about the numbers 10, 12,
5, and 11, like this:
Three 10s plus 8 ones equals 38.
So, $30 + $8 = $38.
Calculating Numbers
Suppose you're working with many large numbers, and
just thinking about adding them in your head causes a
headache. Consider using a calculator.
A calculator is a tool you can use to add numbers and
do other math. You can use a hand-held calculator,
find one online or use one that comes with your
computer's operating system. For example, pictured
below is the calculator from the Windows XP operating
system.
Suppose you want to add 1,179 + 3,485 + 2,130.
To calculate these numbers with an onscreen calculator:
• Use the numeric keypad on the right side of your keyboard, or click
the numbers on the onscreen calculator, and enter the first number
you want to calculate: 1179.
• Click or Press +
• Enter the next number: 3485
• Click or Press +
• Enter the remaining number(s): 2130
• After entering the last number, click or press =.
• The calculator will display the answer: 6794.
When using a calculator, press or click CE (C or AC) to clear numbers from
your calculator display. Be aware that most calculators don't enter or
display commas.
To operate the onscreen calculator using the numeric keypad on your
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keyboard, check to see that Num Lock key has been pressed.
Subtraction
In math, subtraction is the method used to find the difference between
two numbers. It's the opposite of addition. When you take an item off the
shelf at the grocery store, you are subtracting it from the store’s
inventory. When you withdraw money from your bank account, the bank
subtracts the amount from your balance.
This basic subtraction lesson shows you how easy it can be to subtract
numbers when you:
• use the stack and subtract method
• “borrow” when you are subtracting numbers
• check your answer using addition
What's the Difference?
Subtraction is the method used to find the difference between two
numbers. It's the opposite of addition.
For example, the difference between 9 and 4 is 5. Suppose you have nine
lemons and you give four away. Think of four lemons taken away from a
group of nine lemons and five lemons remain.
Stacking Numbers and Subtracting
When you want to subtract one number from another number, it's a good
idea to stack them based on their place values:
To stack the numbers for subtraction:
• Stack the numbers, placing the number you want to take away on
the bottom.
• Stack the numbers according to their place values
• Place the minus sign, -, on the left side of the stack.
To subtract 6 from 18:
• First, subtract 6 from 8 in the ones place to get 2.
• Since there is nothing in the tens place to the left of 6, bring down
the 1.
• The answer is 12. Place it below the line in the subtraction
problem. Borrowing
When you subtract numbers, you sometimes borrow. You borrow from the
tens place when you can't subtract from a digit in the ones place.
To subtract 5 from 24:
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• Since you can't take 5 from 4, you must borrow to make 14.
• When you borrow 1 from the tens places, you are actually taking 10
and adding it to the 4 in the ones place to get 14.
• Fourteen minus five equal nine. (14 - 5 = 9.)
• Since there's nothing to subtract from the 1 remaining in the tens
place, you bring down the 1 to get the answer: 19.
• Now you know the difference: 24 - 5 = 19.
Subtracting Larger Numbers
When borrowing, keep track of what is left in the digit place that you
borrow from.
To subtract 14 from 32:
• Since you can't take 4 from 2, borrow 1 from the 3 in the tens
place to make 12.
• (When you borrow 1 from the tens place, you are actually taking 10
and adding it to the 2 in the ones place to get 12).
• Twelve minus four equals eight. (12 - 4 = 8.)
• Since you borrowed 1 from the tens place in the top number, a 2
is left. Two minus one equals one (2 - 1 = 1).
• The answer is 18.
• Now you know the difference: 32 - 14 = 18.
Checking Subtraction
Since subtraction is the opposite of addition, check your subtraction by
adding. Not sure that 24 - 5 = 19?
Add 19 + 5 and the sum should be 24. (If you don't get that sum, try
redoing your subtraction).
Subtracting in Parts
Here's a subtraction shortcut: subtract numbers in parts.
For example, your boss tells you to take $80 in cash to buy a paper
shredder. You find one on sale for $63. To find out how much money will
be leftover, subtract 80 - 63 using the subtract in parts method.
To subtract 63 from 80 in parts:
• Break 60 into 60 + 3.
• It's easy to subtract 60 from 80. You get 20.
• Next, subtract 3 from 20 to get 17.
• By breaking the number into parts, you quickly figure out that 80 -
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63 = 17.
Using a Calculator to Subtract
Sometimes you may not want to subtract in your head
or on a paper, especially if dealing with large numbers.
For example, suppose you earn $27,500 a year and you
plan to apply for a job that pays $34,000. How much
more money would you earn if you get the job? Use a
handheld calculator, find one online or use the
calculator that comes with your operating system. The
Windows XP calculator is pictured at right side:
To use an onscreen calculator to subtract:
• Use the numeric keypad on the right side of your keyboard, or click
the numbers on the onscreen calculator, and enter the first number
you want to subtract. 34000)
• Click or Press -
• Enter the next number. 27500)
• Click or Press =
• The answer is 6500
When using a calculator, press or click CE (C or AC) to clear numbers from
your calculator display. Be aware that most calculators don't enter or
display commas.
To operate the onscreen calculator using the numeric keypad on your
keyboard, check to see that Num Lock key has been pressed.
Multiplication and Times Tables
Multiplication is a quick way of adding the same number many times.
For example, a lemonade recipe calls for the same number of lemons each
time you make one pitcher. If you need to make several pitchers of
lemonade, how will you know how many lemons to buy at the store? By
multiplying numbers!
One of the easiest ways to learn multiplication is to use the times table.
But you probably won’t have a multiplication chart with you each time you
need it. So how can you memorize the numbers in the times table?
This lesson will explain how to easily multiply numbers. It gives you tips,
several practice opportunities, and specifically shows you:
• how to read a multiplication table
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• how easy it is multiplying numbers by zero or one
• that skip counting by twos, threes, fours, fives, and tens can
make multiplication easy
What is Multiplication?
Multiplication is related to addition. It's a quick way of adding the same
number many times. If you have four numbers that are the same, such
as 3 + 3 + 3 + 3, you can multiply them.
So, 4 multiplied by 3 means 4 times 3. You are adding the 3 4 times.
Setting Up Numbers to Multiply
When you multiply, you can write the numbers a couple of ways using the
times sign: X.
When multiplying small numbers you can write
The result is the product.
Tips for Learning Times Tables
The easiest way to learn multiplication is to memorize the
multiplication table. Some people refer to this as learning your times
tables.
First, memorize the 0's and the 1's.
Multiplying by 0 is easy because any number times zero is zero:
Multiplying by 1 is also easy because any number multiplied by one
equals itself: Now, that you know the 0's and 1's of the multiplication
table, a good way to remember the 2's is to count by 2's:
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24
If you can count by 2s, it's easier to remember that 2 X 1 = 2, 2 X 2= 4, 2
X 3 = 6, 2 X 4 = 8 etc.
You can get to know the threes in a similar way: count by 3s.
3, 6, 9, 12,15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36
This makes it easier to remember that 3 X 1 = 3, 3 X 2 = 6, 3 X 3 = 9 etc
More Tips for Learning the Times Tables
Here are some more tips for mastering the multiplication table:
• Learn to count by 5 for the 5s times tables: 5,10,15,20, 25, 30, 35,
40, 45,50 etc.
• Learn the 10s by counting by 10: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80,
etc.
• Learn the times that rhyme: 6 x 6 = 36, 6 x 4 = 24, 6 x 8 = 48.
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Say the times tables out loud. You'll remember them better.
Multiplication with Larger Numbers
Multiplying
Memorizing the multiplication table makes multiplying small numbers
easy. When multiplying with larger numbers, make sure you stack the
numbers in their digit places (value places).
Multiplying with larger numbers take a little more time since you're
working with more numbers.
Let's multiply 5 X 43:
• First, Multiply 5 x 3.
• You get the partial product: 15.
• Place 5 in the ones place of the product and carry the 1.
• Now, multiply 5 X 4 to get 20:
• Add 20 and the 1 that you carried to get the final product: 215.
Multiplying with Larger Numbers
When you multiply larger numbers, be sure to carry and, then add the
appropriate numbers.
143 x 5 =
First, Multiply 5 x 3.
You get the partial product: 15.
Place 5 in the ones place of the product and carry the 1.
Now, multiply 5 X 4 to get 20.
Add 20 and the 1 that you carried to get 21.
Place the 1 in the tens place and carry the 2.
Next, multiply 5 X 1 to get 5.
Add 5 and the 2 that you carried to get 7.
Place the 7 in the hundreds place to get the final product: 715.
More Multiplication
When you multiply with even larger numbers, you need to do some more
addition to get your product. As you multiply, stack and add the partial
products to get your product. Remember to keep the partial products in
the correct value places.
To multiply 15 X 143:
• First, Multiply 5 x 143 to get 715.
• Be sure that the 5 in 715 occupies the ones place on the line below
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the problem.
• Next, multiply 1 X 143 to get 143.
• Since the 1 occupied the tens place in the problem, be sure to
place the 3 in 143 in the tens place.
• the final step is to add the partial products (715 and 143
togather) to get your final answer.
Multiplication Tips
There will be times you need to multiply quickly, without a multiplication
chart and without pencil and paper. Certain multiplication shortcuts can
help you do that. And they may even make math fun!
This lesson will help you practice using multiplication shortcuts,
including:
• Magic Eleven to multiply by 11
• Divine Nines to multiply by 9
• Nine and Zero Delight to multiply by 9
• A calculator
Magic Eleven
Here are some math shortcuts you can use when multiplying by the
number 11:
To multiply a two-digit number by 11: Add the two digits and write the
sum between them.
For example, to find the product of 23 X 11:
The two-digit number you are multiplying by 11 is 23, so:
• Add the two digits, which are the 2 and the 3.
The sum of 2 + 3 is 5.
• Place the 5 between the 2 and the 3 to get the correct answer: 253.
• So, 23 X 11 = 253.
Now, if the sum of the two-digits add up to more than 9, don't use the
Magic Eleven shortcut.
If you find the Magic Eleven shortcut easy to follow, great. If not, try
practicing. It may take a while to get used to it. Remember, use the Magic
Eleven shortcut when multiplying 11 times a two-digit number that
doesn't add up to more than 9. Otherwise, it can get tricky.
C. ENGAGEMENT
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A. Evaluate
a. 10 ÷ 2 + 12 ÷ 2 × 3 =
b. 7 × 2 + (7 + 3 × (5 − 2)) − 4 × 2 =
c. 3 + 4 × 5 =
d. 4 × 32 =
e. [4 − 1 + (5 + 3)] =
f. 15 − 12 × 2/(12/3) + 22=
g. (2 + 6)/4 × 3
How many of each does he have if all together there are 76 feet?
Altogether there are 760 feet . How many of each animal does he
have?
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6. What have you learned about communication?
E. REFLECTION
The learners will write in their journal their personal insights about the lesson and how it
can be applied through this pandemic time using the prompts below:
I understand that
I realize that
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