!

I> GRAMMAR I introductory it ~ VOCABULARY I crime collocations ~ HOW TO I talk about justic~

I trained as a lawyer to free my brother

READING
As a Hollywood film of her shocking story is released, Betty
1 A Work in pairs. Look at the film poster and the Anne Waters tells us what she went through to free her brother
headline of the article. Use the phrases in the box from prison.
to predict what you think happens in the story. My brother Kenny and I were best friends growing up. Although
I was younger. he always looked up to me. When he was alTested
free innocent brother shocking story for murdering his elderly neighbour, it was a total shock. He had
elderly neighbour arrested for murder an alibi, so we thought he would be coming home. But, although
life sentence had an alibi trained as a lawyer the evidence was fraudulent. he was given a life sentence. He was
fraudulent evidence appeal courtroom twenty-nine.
Shortly after his fir t appeal failed, Kenny tried to commit suicide.
B Read the article to check your ideas. I was angry with him. but he said. '1 can't spend the rest of my li fe
in prison for something I didn't do. I'm not going to make it.' I never
2 Work in pairs and answer the questions. doubted his innocence. He didn't tart trouble and would never have
Why did Betty believe that her brother would not killed this woman . We had no more money for lawyers, so it was
be charged with the murder? then he asked me to go to law school and become his attorney. I was
2 Did she ever believe that Kenny had committed unemployed ; 1 didn ' t even have a college degree. But I promised him
the crime? I'd make it happen as long as he promised to stay alive.

3 What prompted Betty to go to law school! Getting Kenn y out of prison became my life. I enrolled at the local
community college, then went on to law school. I was man'ied with
4 What was the effect of her brother's case on her
two sons, but home life became very difficult and, when the kids
personal life?
were four and six, my husband and 1 split up. It was hard, but I took
S What evidence did Betty use in order to prove it one hurdle at a time.
her brother's innocence?
After Kenny had been in prison for sixteen years, I heard about
6 How did she obtain the evidence! the Innocence Project, an organisation that works to free innocent
people using DNA testing - something that wasn't available when
3 Discuss. Would you do the same as Betty Anne
he was convicted. One piece of evidence at the trial was a bloodied
Waters? Why/Why not? curtain the perpetrator had wiped their hands on. But it was so long
since his trial , finding it wasn't easy. By this point, I didn't trust
VOCABULARY crime collocations anyone. So, I asked other students from law school to tell the police
they were doing a project on the Waters case. Finally, a box with
4 Make collocations by matching words in A with Kenny 's name on it was found in one of the archives. My heart was
words in B. Then complete sentences 1-8. pounding so hard as I opened it. As soon as I lifted the lid, I knew
A the curtain was in there.
Eighteen years after his conviction, Kenny was released. 1
under brought (to) previous make remember taking him by the hand and walking out of the courtroom.
perfect protest fresh early The sense of freedom was amazing.
When I heard they were making a film of the story with Hilary
B
Swank playing me and Sam Rockwell as Kenny, I was so excited.
alibi convictions (an) appeal evidence Watching the film and talking about it with the team was like being
release justice innocence arrest in therapy.
Thi s experience has done a lot for me. I have grown in confidence
I The prisoners continued to ___ their ___ . and am proud to be involved with the Innocence Project. My brother
2 The police have found ______ which was the eighty-third person to be released through DNA testing in
proves that Tilly was at the scene of the crime. the USA. ow there have been 259. I feel lucky to be a part of that.
3 A man is ______ following the suspicious
death of his wife.
4 Simon has obtained an ______ from SPEAKING
prison .
S He had a ______ and the police let him
SA Work in groups. Choose one of the topics below and discuss it.

go. I Why do you think the wrong people are sometimes sent to prison!

6 The crime went unsolved and the perpetrators 2 Is prison an effective deterrent against crime? Why/Why not?
were never to _ __ 3 Can the public do anything to help reduce crime! What can
7 My client is planning to ___ an ___ against governments do to improve the situation?
his conviction. 4 Why do young people turn to crime? What is the best way to stop
8 The defendant had no ______ them! Who do you think should be responsible for this!

1111. page 151 VOCABULARYBANK B Summarise your ideas and report back to the class.

II
 7 Look at Exercises 6A and B again. Find exa mples 0& i
used for the following purposes.

Rules:
Use it at the beginning of a sentence:
a) to talk about the weather, a situation, dates, times.
distances, etc.
(it + verb)
It rains a lot in September.
b) to express opinion or emotion.
(it + adjective/noun phrase)
It's extraordinary how often we have the same ideas.
c) to talk about what you understand from the evidence.
(it + verb + clause)
It appears that someone broke into the office.
INONyTiciioN
EXTRAORDINARY JOURNIY 0' HOW 'AR WI. QO TO fiGHT ' OR OUR ,AMILY.
d) to report what someone else thinks or says.
(it + be + past participle + clause)
It has been reported that the police decided not to pursue
the case.
Use it in the middle of a sentence:
e) as a substitute object for transitive verbs, to be
expanded on later in the sentence.
I'd appreciate it if you would help with our enquiries.
f) as part of a set phrase.
I can't help it.
We made it! (succeeded)

1111. page 134 LANGUAGEBANK

GRAMMAR introductory it
SA Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
6A Look at the text. What does it refer to?

difficult help fault funny shame

It was th e best of times, it was th e worst of times, it was
appears important wonder
the age of wisdom, it was th e age of foolishness, it was the
epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the I It's to believe he would have left all the money here.
season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the
2 It's no you were scared. That car nearly hit you .
spring of hope, it was the winter of despair ...
3 It's not my we didn 't finish o n time . W e started late.
(From A Tale ojTtIlO Cities by Charles Dickens)
4 I can't it if I keep making mistakes. Nobody 's perfect.
S It 's that we clear up any misunderstandings.
B Check what you know. Add it in the correct place(s) in
sentences 1-10.
6 It was a that we didn 't see the beginning.
7 It to have been a mistake.
I could hardly believe when the policeman told me what
had happened . S It 's how things always turn out OK in the end.
2 Has been reported that a number of people in the area
B Complete the sentences to make them true for you .
were affected.
3 Is no use! I've looked everywhere for my wallet but I It's no wonder that ... I couldn't believe it when .
can't find anywhere.
4 We would appreciate if you didn 't tell anyone about this. I think it's important to ...
S Is surprising how quickly I was able to master the skill.
C Work in pairs and take turns. Compare your sentences
6 Is no wonder you couldn't find your bag. You left in the and ask questions.
cafe.
A: I think it's important to find time to keep in touch " ~~
7 A: How much further is? B: Is not far now. friends.
S Is a pity that you won 't be able to make to the lunch. B: Why do you think that?
9 Was a warm day for the time of year.
10 Appears that someone has made a mistake.
VOCABULAR PLUS lexical chunks
9A Work in groups. Think of words which often
collocate with justice.
a sense of justice, to demand justice
B Read sentences 1-6 and add any more phrases
with justice to your list.
Families of the victims demanded that the killers be
found and brought to justice as soon as Rossible.

2 Mr Jobe is an eXRerienced lawyer who sRecialises in

this Rarticular area of crimi nal justice.
HENRY
~:~7,.<l '
FONDA ' VERA MI 'H ALFREO .HI~~HCOCK'S
Screen Plily by MAXWEl l ANDERSON .nO ANGUS Mo(;PHA tL ... ~.u ....- ..... O"ecled by Al
, . ,D HOTCHCQCK

3 It is imRerative that young people on the streets who

are committing crimes should not be allowed to
The film I is based on the true story I of Manny
escaRe justice.
Balestrero, I an honest, hardworking musician I who is
4 It's uR to the courts to uRhold justice - you can't take unjustly accused I of armed robbery I when he goes
the law into your own hands. to an insurance firm I to borrow some money, I and
5 A surRrising number of ReoRle came to him employees mistake him I for the armed robber I who
demand ing jus 'ce for how they had been treated. had robbed them I the year before. I In classic Hitchcock
form, I Balestrero vehemently protests his innocence, I
6 Gangs in the vicinity have been known to practise £...
but unfortunately I he acts guiltily, I leading a host of
kin d of rough justice on their members.
policemen I and witnesses I to identify him I as the thjef.
C Why do you think the other phrases in sentences I The trial goes badly for Manny, I but things are even
1-6 have been underlined? worse for his wife, I Rose, I who struggles to cope I
with the strain of his ordeal.
o Which underlined phrases in Exercise 96 could be
replaced with the following?
I a sort of
2 it 's the responsibility of
3 try to implement the law yourself
4 it is extremely important
5 in the area

speak
~r-~--------------------------------------~
A lexical chunk is a group of words commonly found
together. They include collocations, but while collocations
tend to consist of content words only, lexical chunks are
more phrasal and may include grammatical words like
prepositions and articles, e.g. miscarriage of justice. Lexical
chunks may act as discourse markers or adverbials, e.g. at
that time, in her own way. Find a lexical chunk in Exercise 9B
which acts as a time adverbial.

10A Work in pairs. Look at the film posters opposite

and read the synopses. What do the films have in Dr Richard Kimble, a well-known Chicago surgeon,
common? Which would you prefer to watch? Why? returns home one night to find that his wife has
been viciously murdered in their own home. When
B ® 4.1 Listen to someone reading the first
police find Kimble at the scene of the crime, he is
synopsis. Notice how they chunk the language,
arrested, and later charged and convicted of his wife's
pausing between the chunks (marked '1'). When we
brutal murder. However, on the way to the prison, a
speak, we group words into meaningful chunks of
failed escape attempt by other prisoners gives Kimble
language.
his chance of freedom. While on the run from US
C Mark possible chunks in the second synopsis. Marshall Samuel Gerard, Kimble's only hope of
proving his innocence and clearing his name is to
o ® 4 .2 Listen to check. Listen again and shadow find out for himself who was responsible for his wife's
read the story. death, and to lead the team of detectives on his trail to
the real perpetrator.
~ GRAMMAR I the perfect aspect .. VOCABULARY I social issues

LISTENING Annie Lennox

1 Work in pairs and d iscuss the questions.

What do you know about the people in the photos?
2 What do you know about their humanitarian work?

2A 4.3 Listen to three speakers talking about

t he people in the photos. Ma ke a note of any
information that is new to you . Tell your pa rtner.

B Listen again and answer the questions.

Accord ing to the speaker, how did Annie Lennox's
humanitarian work start?
2 What does the speaker particularly admire about
her?
3 Why, according to the speaker, didn 't AI Gore get
that much attention earlier in his career?
4 What did the speaker think after meeting him?
5 What is the speaker's personal connection with
Sting?
6 What did Sting's example inspire the speaker to do?

GRAMMAR the perfect aspect

3A Complete sentences 1-7 with the correct name:
Annie Lennox, Sting or AI Gore.
I Since the 1990s, Annie Lennox has been working
as a human righ ts activist as well as a singer.
2 's reputation as an activist appears to
have overshadowed his fame as a politician.
3 Before becoming a global star in the I980s,
_ _ _ _ _ _ had been a teacher.
4 's work has helped raise awareness
of the HIV epidemic in Africa.
5 By 2026, 's ground breaking film will
have been helping to educate people about global
warming for twenty years. 4 Read t he description of perfect tenses. Look at the sentences
6 For several years before began in Exercise 3A and answer the questions.
working to save the rainforest, some estimates We use perfect tenses to create a link between two times: to look
suggest that it had been declining at a rate of around back from one moment in time to a time before that.
20,000 square kilometres per year. I Which three sentences link the past and the present? 1,
7 It is estimated that, by 2020, 's An 2 Which two sentences link the past to a time before that?
Inconvenient Truth will have become a part of school
3 Which two sentences link a time in the future with a time before
curricula in over thirty countries.
that?
B Which sentences above use the following tenses? 4 Which three sentences focus on the action's duration?
• present perfect 4 1111" page 134 LANGUAGEBANK
• present perfect continuous
• past perfect
• past perfect continuous
• future perfect
• future perfect continuous
• perfect infinitive
I 4.2
IA;Mii(!1 SA What rhythm do the expressions in Exercise 7A have?
Match them with the patterns below.
5 Work in pa irs. Decide if there is a difference in
meaning between the pairs of sentences. If so, what is the I 0 0 0 00 civil liberties 7 000 0 000
difference? 2 000 8 0 00
I a) I've read that book. 3 0 0 9 00 000 00 0
b) I've been reading that book. 4 0000 10 0 00 0 00
Sentence a) focuses on the completed action. The speaker 5 00 0 0 0 I I 0 000 00 00
finished the book. Sentence b) focuses on the action of 6 00 0000 0 12 000
reading, but the speaker has not finished the book.
2 a) I hope to have finished my studies by the time I'm B 4.4 Listen and check. Repeat the collocations slowly
twenty-five. and tap your fingers at the same time (use both hands) .
b) I hope I wi ll have finished my studies by the time I'm Now say the collocations at full speed.
twenty-five.
3 a) How long have you lived in your current home?
---~~~-------------------------------------'
b) H ow long have you been living in your cu rrent home? The more ways you interact with new words, th e better
4 a) Had you st udied with Professor Robson before? you will learn them. Research suggests t hat we need to
b) H ave you st udied with Professor Robson before? use, see or hear new words six t imes (minimum) before
we 'know' them. Use different methods: write sentences
5 a) I've painted the kitchen.
including the new word, teach the new word to someone
b) I've been painting the kitchen. else. pronounce the word many times and try to use the
word in conversation. Which of th ese do you usually do?
6A Find and correct the three mistakes in questions 1-5.
I What do you hope to will have achieved by the time 1111. page 15 1 VOCABULARYBANK
you're eighty?
2 Had you studied English before you came here?
SPEAKING
3 By 2030, how long will you had been working?
4 What TV series have you been watching regu larly in the 9A Work in groups and discuss the questions.
last year or two? I What are the three most important social issues in your
5 How long have you been knowing your best friend? country and in the world at the moment) Think about the
issues in Exercise 7 A and add your own ideas.
B Ask and answer the questions with a partner. 2 What is being done about them? D o you know of anyone
who is involved in tackling these issues?
VOCABULARY social issues 3 What are the best ways of fighting for social justice?

7A Work in two groups. Group A: look at the B Work with other groups and compare your ideas.
expressions in box A. Group B: look at the expressions in
box B. What do the expressions mean? Write an example
sentence for each.
A
human rights child labour economic development
intellectual property capital punishment
religious freedom

environmental awareness illegal imm igrati on

civil liberties free trade freedom of speech
gun control

B Work in pairs with a student from the other

group. Explain the meaning of your expressions
using your example sentences.

C What other words/expressions do you

know connected with social issues? Think
about recent news stories.
 WRITING a problem-solution essay 11 Look at the expressions below for different parts of a
problem-solution essay. Tick the expressions used in the
10A Which items in the box would you expect to model essay.
find in a problem-solution essay? Introducing the problem
personal information reference to research (This) illustrates one of today's most important issues ...
facts and figures dialogue anecdotes This represents a growing problem.
a description of a problem a conclusion Describing causes of the problem
rhetorical questions a plan of action
One of the causes is .. .
This is largely due to .. .
B Read the model essay and answer the
Describing consequences of the problem
questions.
This has led to/resulted in/brought about ...
What issue does it deal with?
One of the consequences of this is ...
2 What do you think of the writer's idea?
Suggesting solutions
3 Which features in Exercise lOA does it contain?
One possible solution ...
How many people are killed w ith guns every year? There are a number of (other) options. These include ...
Let's take a round number - one million - and Concluding
look at the figures for gunshot deaths. In Japan , In conclusion .. . .
0.7 people per one million inhabitants are killed by
To sum up, .. .
gunfire in a year. In South Korea it's 1.3; in England
it's 4.6 ; in the Netherlands it's 7; in Spain it's 9; in The purpose/aim of this essay was to ...
Kuwait it's 12.5 . In the United States, it's 152.2.
That's not a misprint. The figure illustrates one of
today's most important issues: gun control.
LEARN TO use parallelism
2 One of the causes of this figure in the US is the 12A Read two examples of parallelism from the essay in
citizens' ' right to bear arms ' (carry weapons) Exercise lOB. Find another example in paragraph 3.
written into the US constitution. The country has
In South Korea it's 1.3 ; in England it's 4.6; in the Netherlands
an extremely violent past and this has resulted in
it 's 7 ...
an ingrained sense of the need to protect oneself
and one's family. Another reason is the rate of gun
These include developing better systems for registering guns
ownership. Around forty-six percent of families in
and ammunition, instigating background checks for prospective
the US have a gun in the house.
gun owners and introducing tougher prison sentences ...
3 How can countries - the United States in particular
- reduce the number of gun deaths? A complete ban B Why do you think writers use parallelism? Which idea below is
on guns is barely imaginable in the US. However, not a good answer?
there are a number of other options. These include
I It gives symmetry and consistency to the writing.
developing better systems for registering guns and
ammunition , instigating background checks for 2 It gives ideas equal weight.
prospective gun owners and introducing tougher 3 It uses balance and rhythm to deliver the message.
prison sentences for people who own guns illegally. 4 It helps us write better introductions.
The problem is that these solutions have already
been proposed, passed into law and denounced as C Complete the sentences with the option that uses parallelism.
failures. The protest against gun laws was led by a number of civil rights
.t One possible solution that hasn't been tried yet is ' ID groups, social justice campaigners and _ _ _ __
tagging' on guns. Each gun would be registered to a) other people
one person 's fingerprint and only that person would b) human rights activists
be able to fire the gun. If someone else attempted to c) those people who believe in fighting for human rights
fire it, the gun wouldn't work. This wou ld mean that
2 In a few years, the powers-that-be may know everything about gun
sto len guns would be useless. Also, the police would
owners: the films they watch, the food they eat, _ _ _ __
have fewer problems identifying the killers.
a) the air they are breathing
5 In conclusion, the solution proposed here is one b) and the air they breathe as they walk around
for the future. The idea would not bring an end to c) the air they breathe
gun deaths. Until guns are completely banned, it is
unlike ly that anything could reduce that number to 13 Work in groups and choose a topic. Use your own idea or a
the magic zero. But the idea of using new technology topic in Exercise 7A. Follow stages 1-5 below.
( ID tags) to defeat the ills brought about by old I What exactly is the problem? Write it in one sentence.
tec hnology (guns) is not just a shot in the dark. It
2 Brainstorm possible solutions and make notes.
cou ld become reality sooner than you think.
3 Discuss which solutions are the best.
4 Make an outline for your essay. Use the expressions in Exercise I I .
5 Write your problem-solution essay (300-350 words).
 ~ FUNCTION I hypothetical preferences ~ VOCABULARY I decisions ~ LEARN TO I add emphasis t

VOCABULARY decisions FUNCTION expressing hypothetical preferences

1A Read the situation below. What would you 3 Read a true story and discuss questions 1-3.
do? Tell other students. I What decision did Ann Timson have to make?
2 Do you think she was a hero?
You are faced with a dilemma, Four
friends buy you a lottery ticket for 3 What would you have done in her situation?
your birthday. The following week,
you win €100,OOO with the ticket. Your
friends think you should share the
winnings with them, You have spent Supergran bashes burglars
some time thinking it through, You
have tried to take all these things into
A Wltl~
seve~ty-year-old
,
grandmother became a hero when, armed
just a flImsy shopping bag, she defied six hammer
consideration:
wleldmgjewellelY thieves on motorbikes An T' -
how long you've talkin ' n IlTISOn was
been friends, how
g to a woman on the street when she hea d
much your friends !~~~ooked ac:oss the road and saw six men s~aSah~:;t:tion,
need the money, h ows of a jewellery store in broad daylight. Seeing that
whether you ot er bystanders were doing nothing Ms T' d'
Sh ' Imson eClded to
should share the act. e d~shed across the road and started to hit one of the
winnings equally robbers wIth her shopping bag, He fell offh' ,
was i d . IS motorbIke and
and whether I' p nne down by several members of the public before the
you think your ~o I~e arnved. Amazingly, all of this was captured on film by a
friendships will ree
h ance cameraman who happened to be nearby. The footage
survive if you keep
all the money, h:;s:;;:: ~e~ome aYo~Tube se~sation, Asked later if she saw
ero, Ms TImson saId no, but 'somebody had t
Now you have
do something', It turns out that M T' 0
weighed up the somethin ' , , S Imson has been 'doing
pros and cons, g for years, Resldmg in a poor area ofN rth
UK, she has confronted d d 0 ampton,
you need to make putt' h rug ealers and other criminals before
your decision . IIlg er own safety at risk in order to aid the communi '
AklthOUgh bShe does not generally believe that the public Sh~~ld
ta e on ro bers 't' d '
" - I S angerous she says - her actions have
B Underline expressions in Exercise 1A which have msplred countless numbers of people and mad t I
similar meanings to the expressions below. would-be thieves think aga'm, ' e a east a few
I in a predicament
: ===1%
2 assessing the situation
3 bear these points in mind
4 considered the benefits and drawbacks 4A ®
4.5 Listen to two people discussing the story.
Would the speakers do what Ann Timson did?
C Discuss. What difficult decisions/dilemmas
might the people below face? B Listen again and try to work out what the
expressions below mean.
• scientist teacher
• financial investor • doctor a have-a-go-hero
• soldier • parent 2 [if/when] push comes to shove
A scientist would have to consider the pros and cons 3 jumped on the bandwagon
of his or her research. 4 I take my hat off to her
5 I'd probably leg it
2A Think of a real/imaginary dilemma you have
faced . Describe it using some of the expressions in 6 I'd do my bit
Exercises 1A and B.

B Work in pairs and compare your stories.

 LEARN TO add emphasis
7A Look at expressions a)-e) from the recording in Exerci se 4A.
Put them under the correct headings below.
a) It was totally wrong.
b) The fact is .. .
c) T he thing is .. .
d) You're absolutely right.
e) I completely agree.
Adverbs for emphasis

2
- - -- - -- - - -
3

Fronting: expressions bef ore t he ma in verb

W hat you have to remember is . ..
4
- - ---------------
5

SA What words do you think complete Other expressions

the expressions fo r expressing hypothetical That's out of the question.
preferences? No chance.
If it was 1_ _ _ to me, I'd .. . Not on your life.
I'd sooner ...
I'd just as soon ... as ...
B ® 4 .6 Listen to the intonation of the phrases above. Repeat them
using the same intonation.
Given the 2_ _ _ , I'd ...
If I ever 3_ _ _ myself in this situation, I'd .. . speak
---~~~----------------------------------------------~
Far better to .. . than ... When we write, we can emphasise words by using italics or underlining.
This would be by 4_ _ _ the best option. When we speak, we use intonation to emphasise the same words. The
My preference 5_ _ _ be to ... pitch is higher and we sometimes make the vowel sounds longer. W hen
you hear people argu ing, persuading. or getting excited, listen to the way
Without a shadow of a 6_ _ _ , I'd ...
they pronounce key words.
No way would I .. .

B Read audio script 4.5 on page 168. Which

of the expressions above can you find?
SPEAKING
1111. page 134 LANGUAGEBANK SA Read the dilemmas below. Think about what you would do and
complete the notes fo r each situation .
6 Rewrite the sentences so the meaning
stays the same. Use the words in brackets. My first reaction is . . .

I You should weigh up the pros and cons O n the other hand, . . .
rather than deciding now. (far better) It depends on ...
2 W hich of the two cand idates woul d you The best option ...
choose? (up to)
Your friend's husband is supposed to be working late, but you see him
3 I definitely think we can come up w ith some
in a bar talking in a friendly manner with another woman. You do not
better ideas than these. (shadow/doubt)
know the other woman. She could be a work colleague. Do you tell
4 If you had the choice, wou ld you ban all your friend what you saw?
web advertising? (given)
5 I would ask my boss for advice if I faced this 2 You are in a hurry. You need to send a package urgently but the post
kind of dilemma. (found myself/situation) office will close in two minutes. There are no parking spaces except in
6 Instead of acting rashly, I'd prefer to put the Disabled section of the car park. You are not disabled . You think
important decisions on hold. (sooner) you will only be there five minutes. Do you park in the Disabled section?

7 I'd rather buy a house now than wait until

3 A friend of yours stole something. You promise never to reveal th is.
the economy gets better. (preference)
Soon afterwards, an innocent person is accused of the crime. You tell
8 She'd quit her job rather than do something your friend that she has to own up. She refuses and reminds you of your
unethical. (just/soon) promise. It is possible that an innocent person will go to jail. D o you
reveal the truth?

B Work in groups and compa re your ideas.

DVD PREVIEW i Jj;l DVD~
, A Work in pairs. Do you remember what
3A Work in pai rs. What are the two worst things that
t he words below mean? Expla in them to your
cou ld happen to you if you were on trial? Choose from the
pa rtner.
list below.
the evidence a courtroom • The judge is biased against you before the trial starts.
a sentence a trial • Your lawyer doesn't know what he is doing.
• The key witness for the defence is useless.
B Match the words in the box below with
• A witness says you're guilty and identifies you.
denn itions 1-4.
• You are given a prison sentence.
a witness the defendant the deceased
the case (for the prosecution/the defence) B Watch the DVD. Which event in Exercise 3A does not
happen to Capta in Blackadder? What happens instead?
I someone who has died, especially recently 4A Who does the following things? Choose from the
2 someone who sees a crime or an accident and people in the box.
can describe what happened
3 the person in court who has been accused of General Melchett Captain Blackadder
doing something illegal George (defence lawyer) Private Baldrick
Captain Darling (prosecuting lawyer)
4 all the reasons that one side in a legal argument
can give against the other side
I announces the charges against Captain Blackadder
2 Read the programme information. Why is 2 acts as the first witness
Captain Blackadder on t ri al ? 3 calls a 'last and decisive' witness
4 denies everything
5 forgets to turn a page
6 asks about a pigeon called 'Speckled Ji m' . ,,
A.

7 puts on a black cap (signifying t he death perial~Yl,

8 asks for an alarm call ,.~

B Watch the DVD again to check.

S Work in pairs and discuss the questions.

I How would you descri be the 'trial' in the DVD? W hich bit
d id you th ink was the funniest?
2 C aptain Blackadder is saved at the last minute. W hat do
yo u t hin k happens? Turn to page 162 to fin d out.
speakout a court case writeback a case summary
6A Read about a court case and decide what you SA Read a summary of anothe r court case. Do you
th ink should happen. agree with t he j udge's decision ?

A Birmingham family has been torn apart by the Surprise Ho lid ay

father 's will. When eighty-four-year-old James Lil y Mason , twenty-eight, was overjoyed when she
Holdicott died last April, it was widely expected that he answered a question correctly on a radio quiz to win an
would leave his successful clothing business to his son s, all-expe nses-paid ' dream holiday ' at a surprise ' exclusive'
Chris (fifty) and Nicholas (forty-six). However, the destin ati on. She was promi sed a week in a five- star hotel,
company and all of Holdicott's assets were left solel y compl ete with luxury suite and fine dining, while she
to oldest son Chris, who had worked with his father wo uld spend her days sunbathing on the hotel's private
as Chairman of Holdicott Clothing for two decades. beac h. Things didn ' t turn out quite like that. Instead, she
Nicholas, a lawyer who has never been involved in the was placed in a ho liday camp on the windy south coast of
family business, got nothing. He immediately initiated England in April. The rocky beach was too dangerous for
proceedings to contest the will. He says hi s ailing father sunbathing. the pre-prepared food came from a canteen with
was pressurised by Chris Holdicott and other business plastic table. and her 'su ite' was a small room with a shared
associates into rewriting the will just before he died. bathroom. The weather got so cold that Ms Mason went
The court case begins on Tuesday. home after three days.
Within a week, Ms Maso n's disappoi ntment had turned to
B ® 4.7 List en to t wo people talking about
anger and she decided to sue. The owner of the radi o stati on
explained that they had fa llen on hard time due to a drop in
the case. Why does the woman think Nicholas
advertising revenues and coul dn't afford to pay for a luxu ry
Holdicott will lose? holiday. They insisted, howe er. that they had done nothing
C Listen again and tick the key phrases you hear. wrong: the holiday was ad verti sed as being in a 'surprise '
destination and Ms Mason had certainl y got a surpri e.
Nonetheless, after listening to a tran script of the broadcast.
keyphrases the judge ruled in Ms Mason 's favour. He ordered the radio
My first point is ... station to pay Ms Mason £ I ,500 - the value of the holiday.
He doesn't have any proof that ... After the hearing, Ms Mason expressed sati sfacti on that
justice had been served. She said, 'It was one of the most
You have no case.
disappointing weeks of my life. I think this sends a message.
It's been claimed that . . . If you make a promise on air, you have to stick to it.'
But having said that, . . .
The question is .. . B Write a summary of the court case that you
discussed in Exercise 7B (250 words) . Invent any .,
An expert witness testifies that ...
There's no evidence to suggest that ...

7 A Work in pairs and read your instructions.

Student A: turn to page 159. Student B: turn to
page 162.
CRIME COLLOCATIONS INTRODUCTORY IT HYPOTHETICAL PREFERENCE
1 A Complete the sentences with a 3 Use the prompts to make SA Correct the word order in
suitable word. statements about yourself or speaker 6's responses.
It is shocking the way that so many people you know. A: I could have had a holiday on a
criminals are never b to I ... would love it if ... beach or gone on a cruise.
justice. B: If it was to up me I'd have taken
I would love it if my husband
2 The convict was hoping for an surprised me by cooking dinner the cruise.
early r from prison for tonight. 2 A: I don't know whether to read the
good behaviour. book or watch the film.
2 ... adore(s) it when ...
3 Ali was sure she would never be B: I sooner would watch the film
3 ... can't stand it when ...
found out. She had the perfect than read the book.
a_ __ 4 ... find(s) it easy to ...
3 A: We can either go to a posh
4 The family is expected to make an S It's pointless ...
international restaurant or eat at
a against the ruling by the 6 It's essential to ... the street market.
judge.
B: I'd as just soon eat local food as
S The case was reopened SOCIAL ISSUES dine in a fancy restaurant.
when f evidence was
4 A: So I was lost with a broken-down
discovered. 4A What issues do the definitions
car in the middle of nowhere.
6 He was given a light sentence due describe?
I ___ : the employment of B: If I myself found in that situation,
to the fact that he had no previous
children (especially in manual I'd go to the nearest house and
c_ __
jobs) who are under the legal or beg for help.
B Work in pairs. Test your partner generally recognised age S A: We decided not to give
on the collocations above. 2 ___ : the movement of people Christmas presents because
A: This means you find new across international borders in a there are thirty people in the
way that breaks the immigration family now.
information which is relevant to
the case. laws of the destination country B: Better far to do that than buy
3 ___ : the notion of being free presents for everybody!
B: You have fresh evidence.
to practise and teach any religion 6 A: We're thinking of taking trains
you choose around Europe rather than flying.
THE PERFECT ASPECT
4 : basic freedoms B: That would be by the far best
2 Complete the jokes with the that everyone should enjoy, option if you want to see places.
phrases in the box. e.g. freedom of thought and 7 A: I hated my job so I quit, even
expression, the right to be free though I needed the money.
it will have been
S ___ : when a country grows B: I'd have done the same a without
have you been feeling
richer because of policies and/ shadow of a doubt.
I've broken have turned
or activity relating to business and
to have been ignoring 8 A: I got rid of my mobile phone. It
money
was too expensive.
6 ___ : something which
' Doctor, doctor, I keep thinking I'm B: Way no would I do that unless I
a cat.' ' How long ___ like this?' someone has invented or has the
really had to.
'Since I was a kitten.' right to make or sell, especially
something that cannot legally be B Decide if you agree with speaker
2 'Doctor, doctor, I appear to
copied by other people
___ into a dog.' 'Sit on the sofa 6. If not, change the response.
and we'll talk about it.' 'I can't. I'm B Work in pairs. Complete the Practise the conversations in pairs.
not allowed on the sofa.' definitions.
3 'Doctor, doctor, I'm in agony! I freedom of speech: the right to ...
___ my arm in three places!'
2 free trade: a system of trade in
'Well, don't go there any more.'
which ...
4 ' Doctor, doctor, tomorrow
3 civil liberties: freedoms that
___ ten years since I last had
protect ...
my eyes tested. I think I need
glasses.' 'You certainly do. You've 4 gun control: efforts to regulate ...
just walked into a petrol station.' S environmental awareness: an
S ' Doctor, doctor, people seem understanding of how ...
___ me for years.' 'Next
please!'
 GRAMMAR I
introductory it Use it as an 'empty ' object after certain verbs to introduce a clause.
Use it as an 'empty' subject to introduce or identify (subject + verb + it + complement + infinitive/clause)
something later in the phrase. I'd appreciate it if ...
'What's the problem?' 'It's nothing. It 's just that I'm I find it impossible to ...
worried about work. ' other common expressions with it
Use it + be to talk about: it + be + adjective
• weather. It's hard to know if ...
It 's a bit chilly for this time of year. It's easy to believe that ...
• time/dates. it + verb phrase
It's about half past two. It always amazes me that ...
• situations. It looks/seems as if ...
It's a very peaceful place. it in the middle of the phrase
• distance. I'll leave it to you to decide .. .
It 's about thirty kilometres away. I find it easy to ...
Use it before some phrases to describe probability. fixed expressions
It looks as though we're going to lose. It's no wonder/no coincidence that ...
Use it before some phrases to report events. It's considered rude to ...
It would appear that they have left without us. It's pointless/ no use + -ing ...

the perfect aspect future perfect

The perfect aspect looks back from one time to another Use the future perfect to look back from a time in the
and emphasises that an action is completed before another future to a time before that.
time . In some cases, the exact time may be unimportant or
By next week we will have finished the project.
unknown. Sometimes the event is incomplete. It started in
the past and is still relevant now. Note: We also use will have + past participle to make
predictions about the present or the future.
present perfect
Don't call the house, she' /I have left for work by now.
Use the present perfect to look back from now to a time
before now. Use the future perfect continuous to focus on the length of
time the action takes.
I've been here since June .
In 2020, I'/I have been living here for fifty years.
Use the present perfect continuous to focus on the length
of time the action takes. perfect infinitive
She's been waiting for hours. Use the perfect infinitive after verbs like seem and appear to
look back to a previous time period .
past perfect
He seems to have forgotten us.
Use the past perfect to look back from a time in the past to
a time before that, It can be used with different time periods.
I had to go back because I'd forgotten my passport. It's great to have finished my exams.
He said he was sorry to have missed your party.
Use the past perfect continuous to focus on the length of
We hope to have done the work by 5.00.
time the action takes.
She'd been doing the same job for fifteen years.

hypothetical preferences
Use the following phrases to express hypothetical preferences.

hypot hetical preferences

If it was up to me, I'd ... / I'd have (+ past participle) Far better to .. . than ...
I'd sooner (+ infinitive without to) This would be by far the best option .
I'd just as soon (+ infinitive without to) ... as My preference would be to ...
Given the choice, I'd ... Without a shadow of a doubt, I'd . . .
If I ever found myself in this/that situation, I'd ... No way would I (+ infinitive without to) .
 PRACTICE

1 Add it/it's in the correct place(s) in sentences 2 Complete the second sentence so it has a similar meaning to
1-8. the first. Use three to six words including the word in brackets.
I can't stand when all does is rain for days on I Don't cry about the situation now. It won't help.
end. (pOintless) It's about the situation now.
2 I'd appreciate if you could give me a little more 2 Being trustworthy is vital in this profession.
notice next time. (essential) It's in this profession.
3 No use just standing there. You'd better get on 3 He appears to have misplaced his keys.
with it. (seems) It his keys.
4 I find hard to believe that the summer is here 4 We need to be hospitable to them as they were welcoming to us.
already. (owe) W e hospitable as they were
S Appears that the police have video footage of welcom ing to us.
the incident. S I am not surprised by her lack of enthusiasm as she has heard the
6 Pointless argu ing with her when she's in that kind talk before.
of state. (wonde r) It's when she had heard the talk
before.
7 I'll leave to the others to decide what time we
should meet. 6 It's easy for me to keep abreast of t he latest news online.
(find) I of the latest news online.
8 I've always made clear that my family has to take
priority over my work.

1 Underline the correct alternatives. 2 Complete speaker B's responses using the prompts.
UNICEF will have provided/has been providing/is to have Use perfect tenses.
provided humanitarian assistance to developing countries I A: Is the protest still going on?
since 1946. B: Yes. The workers / march / since 8.00 this morning.
2 My family will have lived/has lived/ hod been living in that 2 A: Why did you shout at the students at the end of class?
house for over 100 years by the time we were forced B: They / talk throughout the whole lesson.
to move. 3 A: Eliana is the most experienced person in the office, isn't
3 Next year, it hod been/will have been/has been twenty she?
years since we met. B: Yes. This time next year she / work / here / for forty
4 They have closed/hove been closing/will have closed that years.
shop because it wasn't making money. 4 A: Do you think they'll be at the airport now?
S Judging by the state of the garden, she will have B: Yes. It's 8.00. They / arrive / by now.
abandoned/ hod been abandoning/appeared to have S A: Why is he losing so badly?
abandoned her home . B: He / seems / forget / how to play!
6 By 2018, Tom will have been running/ has been running/is 6 A: I hear Mary lost her job because the company went
to have run the company for twenty years. bankrupt.
B: That's right. She / only / work there for two months
when the company closed.