SSB-SC Notes

SSB-SC MODULATION:
FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATION METHOD:
It consists of two balance modulators, two bandpass filters, and two oscillators.
The baseband signals with the carrier are first applied to the balance modulator.
The output of the modulator will be two sidebands, named as the upper sideband
and the lower sideband. The next block after the balance modulator is
the bandpass filter. In SSBSC, the filter needs to select only one sideband. Any
one of the sidebands (upper or lower) is selected by the filter H1(f). In SSBSC, the
filter needs to select only one sideband. The filter's cut-off frequency should be
strong enough to separate the selected sideband from the other sideband. Its
separation frequency is given by:
Separation frequency = 2 (lowest frequency spectral component of the

baseband signal)
For example,
If lowest frequency spectral component = 400 Hz
Separation frequency = 2 x 400 = 800 Hz
The range of the human speech is from 300 Hz to 3000 Hz. The sideband filter is
selected to this range of frequency. Such restriction in SSB helps in conserving
bandwidth. The response outside this Passband range falls off sharply. The
maximum gap between the two channels is 4000 Hz.
The carrier, along with the signal, does not appear at the output of the balanced
modulator, i.e., it is suppressed. It can be further added in the case of SSBC (Single
Sideband with Carrier) transmission. A balanced modulator cannot effectively
balance both the baseband signal and the carrier signal. It also leads to variation
with time.
Here, two oscillators of carrier frequency 100k Hz and 10M Hz are used at the
balance modulator. If only one oscillator of 10M Hz carrier frequency is used, the
frequency change will be 0.006%, which is given by:
Separation frequency = 2 x lowest frequency component
= 2 x 300 Hz
= 600 Hz
The separation frequency of 600 Hz for 10M Hz oscillator result in the percentage
of 600 Hz/10M Hz
= 600/107 x 100
= 6 x 104 / 107%
= 0.006 %
Filters with such percentage are very difficult to construct. Hence, it is essential to
use two oscillators in the circuit. The first oscillator of carrier frequency 100k Hz is
selected.
The range of the USB (upper sideband) will be:
(Carrier frequency + lower limit) to (carrier frequency + upper limit)
= (100000 + 300) to (100000 + 3000)
= (100300) to (103000)
= 100.3k Hz to 103k Hz
The percentage at the output of the first balance modulator will be:
600 Hz/100k Hz
= 600/105 x 100
= 6 x 104 / 105 %
= 0.6%
The output of the first modulator is applied to the filter. Suppose the filter selects
the Upperband frequency of 100.3 kHz.
Separation frequency = 2 x lowest frequency component
= 2 x 100.3
= 200.6k Hz
The output of the filter is now applied to the second balance modulator. The
frequency change percentage now will be around 2%.
= 200.6k Hz/ 10M Hz x 100
= 2% (Approx)
In such cases, the frequency translation can be achieved in two stages. We are not
required to use more than two stages. The succeeding stages after the first stage
can use mixers instead of balance modulators if the baseband signal has the
spectral components of low frequency.
For example,
Suppose the second stage was mixer instead of the balance modulator. The output
of the balance modulator will be the lower and upper sidebands along with the
oscillator carrier frequency. The range will become (10M Hz + 100.3k Hz) to
(10M Hz + 103k Hz). The selected second filter needs to pass the upperband
frequency from the range. The frequency change will be around 1%, which is also
possible.
Transmission Bandwidth of SSB-SC
Since we are transmitting the frequencies only in the range (fc+ W) or ( fc – W), the
transmission bandwidth for the SSB-SC will be :
Bandwidth B = (fc+ W) – fc = W Hz
Or B= fc – ( fc – W) =W Hz
This is exactly half the bandwidth of the DSB-SC modulated waves .
Advantages of SSB-SC Modulation Over

DSB-FC
 Less bandwidth requirements . This allow more number of signals to be
transmitted in the same frequency range .
 Lots of power saving . This is due to the transmission of only one sideband
component .
 At 100% modulation, the percent power saving is 83.33% .
 Reduced interference of noise . This is due to the reduced bandwidth . As

the bandwidth increases, the amount of noise added to the signal will
increase .
Disadvantages of SSB-SC Modulation

 The generation and reception of SSB signal is complicated
 The SSB transmitter and receiver need to have an excellent frequency

stability . A slight change in frequency will hamper the quality of
transmitted and received signal . Therefore, SSB is not generally used for
the transmission of good quality music. It is used for speech transmission .
Application of SSB
 SSB transmission is used in the applications where the power saving and
low bandwidth requirements are important .
 The application areas are land and air mobile communication, telemetry,
military communications, navigation and amateur radio . Many of these
applications are point to point communication application .

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SSB-SC MODULATION:

FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATION METHOD:

Separation frequency = 2 (lowest frequency spectral component of the

If lowest frequency spectral component = 400 Hz

Separation frequency = 2 x 400 = 800 Hz

Separation frequency = 2 x lowest frequency component

The range of the USB (upper sideband) will be:

(Carrier frequency + lower limit) to (carrier frequency + upper limit)

= (100000 + 300) to (100000 + 3000)

Separation frequency = 2 x lowest frequency component

= 200.6k Hz/ 10M Hz x 100

Bandwidth B = (fc+ W) – fc = W Hz

This is exactly half the bandwidth of the DSB-SC modulated waves .

Advantages of SSB-SC Modulation Over

 At 100% modulation, the percent power saving is 83.33% .

 Reduced interference of noise . This is due to the reduced bandwidth . As

Disadvantages of SSB-SC Modulation

 The SSB transmitter and receiver need to have an excellent frequency

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