GAP FILLING & READING COMPREHENSION

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the following questions.
A Gia Long was the first emperor of the Nguyen dynasty as well as the (1) ____ father of the modern
nation of Vietnam. Born as Nguyen Phuc Anh, he was the nephew of the last Nguyen lord who ruled over
southern Vietnam. (2) ____ being born into a royal family, he had to (3) ____ many difficulties in his early
life as he became the (4) ____ of rival groups who attempted to (5) ____ the Nguyen clan completely.
After the deaths of his father and uncle at the hands of the rival leaders, Nguyen Phuc Anh fled to the
southern coastal tip of Vietnam where (6) ____ he met a French priest, Pigneau de Behaine, who would (7)
____ become his trusted adviser and play a major role in his (8) ____ to power. He escaped with the help
of the priest and later on sought aid from the French in his struggle (9) ____ his rivals. (10) ____ the help
of the French, and equipped with (11) ____ European armaments, he was (12) ____ in securing victories
over his rivals.
1. A. found B. founded C. founding D. founder
2. A. Because of B. In view of C. Despite of D. In spite of
3. A. encounter B. face up C. manage D. get by
4. A. shield B. target C. purpose D. destination
5. A. wipe off B. wipe out C. kill up D. destroy
6. A. by chance B. on occasion C. on purpose D. at stake
7. A. at last B. especially C. specially D. eventually
8. A. raise B. arise C. rise D. rising
9. A. for B. against C. off D. at
10. A. With B. Without C. But for D. Thanks
11. A. advance B. advances C. advanced D. advancing
12. A. engaged B. involved C. successful D. attended
B Nowadays, everybody knows Apples and almost everybody knows that the company was founded by
Steve Jobs, an American inventor and entrepreneur. He is (31) ____ recognized as a pioneer in the field of
microcomputer revolution. He helped design the first Macintosh computer, (32) ____ a small computer
graphics company into Pixar, the company behind Toy Story and The Monster Inc.
His countercultural lifestyle and philosophy was a product of the time and place of his (33)________.
Jobs was adopted and raised in San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s. In 1972, Jobs attended Reed
College from which he dropped out in next to no time. Jobs co-founded Apple in 1976 in order to sell
Apple I personal computer. At that moment, he might hardly imagine that only a year later the company
tasted impressive victory with Apple II, one of the first highly successful (34) ____ personal computers.
Unfortunately, in 1985, following a long power struggle, Jobs was forced out of Apple. After leaving
Apple, Jobs took a few of its members with him to found next, a computer development company which
was then bought by Apple. The purchase (35) ____ Jobs to become the company's CEO once again.
1. A. widely B. hardly C. legally D. nationally
2. A. translated B. transferred C. transformed D. transited
3. A. increase B. upbringing C. rising D. grow
4. A. massly-produced B. mass-produced C. massive-produced D. mass-producing
5. A. made B. did C. allowed D. let
C A striking feature of Viet Nam’s remarkable progress over the last few decades is the rapid pace of
urbanisation. In 1986, there were fewer than there are 30 million urban residents. Today there are 30
million. Cities have become strong growth forces, with urban areas growing twice as fast as the national
average rate, and contributing over half of the country’s gross domestic product.
 Viet Nam needs to reshape its urbanization process to create more efficient cities - cities that have
sufficient population densities are well connected internally and regionally, and well managed. In addition,
in line with Viet Nam's strong preference for social equity, cities will need to ensure inclusion of all
residents, with no groups or area “left behind."
Meanwhile, rural residents increasingly lag behind their urban counterparts in income and access to
services, leading many to migrate to cities. Migration presents challenges for urban management but also
opportunities to enhance labor mobility. Fortunately, these trends can be reversed.
For example, four years ago, Alley 76 in Binh Thanh district, Ho Chi Minh City was only narrow
enough for one motorbike to get through. Store owner Bui Thi Mai knows how a clean and efficient city
can make or break a business. When it rained, the alley was often flooded with floating garbage and
mosquitoes. Crime was increasing. Today, after undergoing major upgrading under an urban renewal
project, the street is cleaner, safer and trucks carry goods to her door. Her family income has soared and
her life has been completely changed.
Q1. Urbanisation in Viet Nam has _______.
A. mainly contributed to the country’s GDP
B. promoted the country’s economy twice as fast as before
C. made rural areas develop along with urban ones
D. made urban areas develop faster than the average
Q2. All of the following are necessary for efficient cities EXCEPT _______.
A. management decision
B. sufficient working population
C. internal and regional connections
D. good organisation
Q3. It can be inferred from the passage that along with urban migration_______.
A. cities offer sufficient employment opportunities for migrants
B. population of cities accounts for the majority of the country's
C. the city authorities face both advantages and disadvantages
D. people in rural areas do not suffer from poor infrastructure in the city.
Q4. The responsibility of city authorities is _______.
A. to provide equal opportunities for every group of residents
B. to stop the migration from the rural areas
C. to contribute much more to the country's gross domestic product
D. to leave all difficulties behind in order to move forward
Q5. All of the following are benefits from the urban renewal project EXCEPT that ________________.
A. the streets and alleys will no longer be flooded
B. business and the living conditions have been improved
C. the neighbourhood has become cleaner and safer
D. people can have goods carried to their door
D The goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org) is to give everyone on the
planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more
than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other
encyclopedias, however, Wikepedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are
not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to
share their knowledge.
Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge.
The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity
for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of
encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of
information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an
online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-
based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of
Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an
Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore,
that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time.
But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the
articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a
long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that
everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this
information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software (from the Hawaiian word for
“fast”), which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you
open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor
of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct
it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.
1. Wikipedia is written by____.A. paid written B. Millionaires C. normal people D. world experts
2. The phrase “these writers” in the first paragraph refers to ____.
A. ordinary readers B. ordinary people C. encyclopedia experts D. every subject
3. The phrase “the word” in the second paragraph refers to____.
A. knowledge B. encyclopedia C. writing D. collection
4. Microsoft’s Encarta is cited in the passage as an example of ____.
A. CD-ROM dictionary B. printed encyclopedia C. online encyclopedia D. updateable online
5. The word “brainchild” in the second paragraph of the passage can be best replaced by____.
A. born B. child C. product D. father
6. The word “approach” in the third paragraph of the passage means____.
A. idea B. time C. method D. writing
7: The user of Wikipedia can do all of the following EXCEPT____.
A. have access to information B. determinate the website C. modify information D. edit
information
8: We can say that Jimmy Wales____.
A. became very famous after the formation of Wikipedia B. is the father of Wikipedia
C. made a great profit from Wikipedia D. decides who can use Wikipedia
9:Wikisoftwareenables___.A.exchanging articles B.a purchase of information C.limitedaccess
D. Editing
10: Wikipedia is a(n) ____. A. book B. journal C. article D.
dictionary
***G.Sex – trait stereotypes may be defines as a set of psychological attributes that characterize men more
frequently than women. Thus, males are often described as ambitious, unemotional, and independent and,
on the other hand, selfish, unrefined, and insensitive. Females are described as emotional, irrational,
high-strung, and tentative. In spite of the egalitarian movement, recent studies have demonstrated that
sex-trait stereotypes remain common among young adults today. In fact, such stereotyping has proved to
be the
psychological justification for social beliefs concerning the appropriateness of various activities for men
and women that further perpetuate the different sex roles traditionally ascribed to men and women.
The awareness of sex – trait stereotypes in the United States develops a linear fashion between the ages of
four and ten. Generally, knowledge of male stereotypical characteristics develops earlier, whereas
knowledge of female characteristics increases more rapidly between the ages of four and seven. While the
reasons for this learning are not fully understood, evidence suggests that at the preschool level children’s
literature and television programs provide powerful models and
reinforcement for stereotyped views.
Studies designed to compare sex-trait stereotypes cross – nationally show a high degree of correspondence
in the characteristics ascribed to men and women.As finding have been obtained in the other countries, two
hypotheses have been advanced to explain the commonalities in sex trait stereotyping. One states that pan
cultural similarities play a role in the psychological characteristics attributed to men and women, and the
second states that the general picture is one of cultural relativism.
1. Which of the following statements is supported in the passage?
A The beliefs of young adults are more common among the old. B The beliefs of young adults have
shown little change.
C Young adults have participated in many common studied. D The egalitarian movement has been a
resounding success.
2 In line 2, the word ambitious is closest in meaning to-----A. anxious B. ambiguous C. enterprising
D. honest
3 In line 4, the word high-strung is closest in meaning to--- A. nervous B. hideous C. high-class
D. fair-minded
4 In line 7, the word perpetuate is closest in meaning to----A. perplex B. maintain C. mount
D. personalize
5: According to the passage, characterizations of men and women as having particular sets of attributed
are
A.found in several countries B. reflected in modern fashion
Cuniform across all groups Dcontingent on a socioeconomic class
6: It can be inferred from the second paragraph that young children learn about sex-trait stereotypes
A.by watching their parents B when their learning is reinforced
C. by being exposed to various media D. after they start school
7 It can be inferred from paragraph that social beliefs precipitate
A. nontraditional gender roles B. the rationalization for stereotyping
C. the on-going egalitarian change D. concerns for the legitimacy of sex traits
8 The author of the passage would most probably agree with which of the following statements?
A Social attitudes are not likely to change radically
B Social attitudes toward women have been updated and made more balanced.
C Social attitudes toward men are continually nullified and modernized.
D The women’s liberation movement has borne little fruit.
9 Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A A Cross – examination of Stereotypical Behaviors B A Relativist Perspective on
Stereotyping
C The Pervasiveness of Sex – Trait Stereotypes D A Unilateral Approach to Sex – Trait
Stereotyping
10.The passage is probably an excerpt from an article on---------
A. sociology B. Demographics C. psychotherapy D. sociobiology