Introducing Java

Âñòóï Îñîáëèâîñòi Java Ðîçðîáêà Java -ïðîãðàì Áàçîâi êîíñòðóêöi¨ ìîâè Àðãóìåíòè êîìàíäíîãî ðÿäêó
Îá'¹êòíî-îðè¹íòîâàíå ïðîãðàìóâàííÿ ìîâîþ

Java
, ÷àñòèíà I: ââåäåííÿ â ìîâó
Íîòàòêè äî ëåêöié
Îëåêñié Òèõîìèðîâ
Êàôåäðà åêñïåðèìåíòàëüíî¨ ôiçèêè

Ôiçè÷íèé ôàêóëüòåò
Âåðåñåíü 2013
Çìiñò
Âñòóï
ßêi îñîáëèâîñòi ìîâè Java çðîáèëè ¨¨ ïîïóëÿðíîþ

Ðîçðîáêà Java -ïðîãðàì
Êëàñè÷íèé øëÿõ
Äîêóìåíòàöiÿ, ðiøåííÿ äëÿ Java
Áàçîâi êîíñòðóêöi¨ ìîâè
Áàçîâi òèïè, çìiííi òà ëiòåðàëè
Âèðàçè, àðèôìåòè÷íi òà ëîãi÷íi îïåðàöi¨. Åëåìåíòè îïåðàöié ç
ðÿäêàìè
Îïåðàòîðè óïðàâëiííÿ
Ìàñèâè
Àðãóìåíòè êîìàíäíîãî ðÿäêó

Çìiñò
Âñòóï

ðÿäêàìè
Ìàñèâè

Çìiñò
Âñòóï

ðÿäêàìè
Ìàñèâè

Çìiñò
Âñòóï

ðÿäêàìè
Ìàñèâè

Çìiñò
Âñòóï

ðÿäêàìè
Ìàñèâè

×îìó Java ?
• 1.2 ìiëüÿðäiâ êîìï'þòåðiâ âèêîðèñòîâóþòü

Java
• 930 ìiëüéîíiâ JRE çàâàíòàæó¹òüñÿ ùîðîêó
• 3 ìiëüÿðäà ìîáiëüíèõ òåëåôîíiâ
âèêîðèñòîâóþòü Java
• 100% Blu-ray ïðîãðàâà÷iâ âèêîðèñòîâóþòü Java
• 1,4 ìiëiàðäà Java Cards âèðîáëÿþòüñÿ ùîði÷íî;
• Java îáñëóãîâó¹ ïðèíòåði, iãðîâi êîìïëåêñè,
àâòîìîáiëüíi íàâiãàòîðè, áàíêîìàòè, òîùî. . .
Òðîõè iñòîði¨
Ïðèíöèïè Java
• ìàøèíîíåçàëåæíèé êîä òà ïåðåíîñèìîñü

• àðõiòåêòóðíà íåçàëåæíiñòü
• ïðîñòîòà: çíàéîìèé ñèíòàêñèñ ( C)
• îá'¹êòíî-îði¹íòîâàíå ïðîãðàìóâàííÿ
• íåçàëåæíà ðîáîòà ïiäïðîöåñiâ (Threads)
• íàäiéíiñòü òà áåçïå÷íiñòü
• ðîçïîäiëüíiñòü
Ìàøèíîíåçàëåæíèé êîä. Ïåðåíîñèìîñü

Ïëàòôîðìà Java
Òèïîâèé øëÿõ çàñòîñóâàòè êîìïiëÿòîð àáî iíòåðïðåòàòîð
Copyright by Sum Microsystems, image was borrowed

from Java Tutorial and modyed by O. Tykhomyrov

Ñòâîðþ¹òüñÿ âiðòóàëüíà ìàøèíà äëÿ iíòåðïðåòàöi¨ êîäó JVM


Çàðàäè øâèäêîñòi çàñòîñîâó¹òüñÿ êîìïiëÿòîð

Java òà Android
Copyright by Sum Microsystems, image was borrowed from Java Tutorial and modyed by
O. Tykhomyrov
Java òà Android
Copyright by Sum Microsystems, image was borrowed from Java Tutorial and modyed by
O. Tykhomyrov
Îñîáëèâîñòi Java äëÿ Android òàêîâè, ùî íàâåäåíèé helloworld òðåáà

çìiíþâàòè!
Àðõèòåêòóðíà íåçàëåæíiñòü
Ìà¹òüñÿ íà óâàçi îäí ç ãîëîâíèõ ãàñåë, ùî ñóïðîâîäæóþòü ìîâó

íàïèñàíî ðàç, âèêîíó¹òüñÿ çàâæäè.

íàïèñàíî ðàç, âèêîíó¹òüñÿ çàâæäè.
Öå çàáåçïå÷ó¹òüñÿ âèêîðèñòàííÿì JVM òà êîíñòðóêöiÿìè ìîâè


API
Application Programming
Interface
API
Iíòåðôåéñ ïðîãðàìóâàííÿ
çàäà÷

Ïðîñòîòà: çíàéîìèé ñèíòàêñèñ ( C , C++)
• ñèíòàêñèñ, ùî äóæå ñõîæèé íà ñèíòàêñèñ ( C );

• âiäñóòíi ïîêàæ÷èêè;
• âiäñóíå ñêëàäíå íàñëiäóâàííÿ;
• áàãàòî ÷îãî iíøå :)
Îá'¹êòíî-îði¹íòîâàíå ïðîãðàìóâàííÿ
Java ïiäòðèìó¹ âèíÿòêîâî îá'¹êòíî-îðè¹íòîâàíå ïðîãðàìóâàííÿ. Öå

ôàêòè÷íî îçíà÷à¹, ùî íå ìîæíà íàïèñàòè æîäíî¨ ïðîãðàìè ìîâîþ
Java , ÿêùî íå ðîçóìiòè, ïðèíàéìíi, îñíîâè òàêîãî ïðîãðàìóâàííÿ. Ç
iíøîãî áîêó, Java äîñòàòíüî äîáðå áàëàíñó¹ íà ãðàíèöi ïîìiæ äâîìà
ïiäõîäàìè äî ïðîãðàìóâàííÿ ôóíêöiîíàëüíèì òà
îá'¹êòíî-îðè¹íòîâàíèì.
Íåçàëåæíà ðîáîòà ïiäïðîöåñiâ (Threads)
Îäíà ç ãîëîâíèõ çàäà÷ îïåðàöiéíî¨ ñèñòåìè (ÎÑ) ðîçïîäiëÿòè

ðåñóðñè ìàøèíè, ïðîöåñîð, ïàì'ÿòü, ïðèñòðî¨ ââîäó-âèâîäó òîùî.
Òàêèì ÷èíîì ÎÑ óïðàâëÿ¹ êîæíîþ çàäà÷åþ, ùî âèêîíó¹òüñÿ
ìàøèíîþ. Çàäà÷à, ó âëàñíó ÷åðãó, ÷àñòî òàêîæ çäàòíà ðîçáèâàòèñü
íà ÷àñòèíêè, ùî ìîæóòü âèêîíóâàòèñü îäíî÷àñíî. Òàêi ÷àñòèíêè
çâóòü thread 'àìè, àáî ïiäïðîöåñàìè. Öåé òåðìií, thread, ïîìèëêîâî
ïåðåêëàäà¹òüñÿ â ðîñiéñüêîìîâíî¨ ëiòåðàòóðè ÿê ïîòîê (ïîòiê).
Íàäiéíiñòü òà áåçïå÷íiñòü
Çàõèñò ìàøèíè âiä ïðîãðàìè, ùî âèêîíó¹òüñÿ ìàøèíîþ

• âiðòóàëüíà ìàøèíà ¹ åêðàíîì ïîìiæ hardware òà ïðîãðàìîþ, ùî
âèêîíó¹òüñÿ;
• ïðîãðàìè, ùî çàâàíòàæóþòüñÿ, ìîæíà ïåðåâiðèòè çà äîïîìîãîþ
öèôðîâîãî ïiäïèñó;
• àïëåòè (ïðîãðàìè, ùî âèêîíóþòüñÿ áðàóçåðîì) ìîæóòü
çàñòîñîâóâàòè áåçïå÷íå ç'¹äíàííÿ äëÿ ïåðåäà÷i äàíèõ.
Ðîçïîäiëåíi îá÷èñëåííÿ
• Application and Applet Ïðîãðàìà òà àïëåò

• Application ïðîãðàìà, ùî âèêîíó¹òüñÿ íåçàëåæíî âiä áðàóçåðà.
• Applet ïðîãðàìà, ùî âèêîíó¹òüñÿ ó Java ñóìiñíîìó áðàóçåði.
• CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture1

• RMI Remote Method Invocation2
1 Àðõiòåêòóðà ïîñåðåäíèêà çàïèòiâ òèïîâîãî îá'¹êòà

2 âèêëèê âiäëåãëèõ ìåòîäiâ
Çìiñò
Âñòóï

ðÿäêàìè
Ìàñèâè

Êëàñè÷íèé øëÿõ(áåç IDE)

Ñòâîðåííÿ êîäó Java ó ðåäàêòîði (íàïðèêëàä, emacs)
Copyright by O. Tykhomyrov

Ðåäàãóâàííÿ êîäó Java ó ðåäàêòîði (ó íàøîìó ïðèêëàäi emacs)

Êîìïiëÿöiÿ äî Java áàéò-êîäó êîìïiëÿòîðîì (Êîìàíäà javac)

ßêi ôàéëè ñòâîðèâ êîìïiëÿòîð? (Êîìàíäà ls)

Âèêîíó¹ìî ïðîãðàìó â áàéò-êîäàõ ó JVM (Êîìàíäà java)
Çìiñò
Âñòóï

ðÿäêàìè
Ìàñèâè

Äîêóìåíòàöiÿ ïðîãðàìè
Íàâiòü ÷óäîâà ïðîãðàìà áåç äîêóìåíòàöi¨ íåïîòðiá!
ß ïèñüìåííèê ÷è ïðîãðàìiñò? Õòî ÿ?

Ïîâíèé òåêñò çàäîêóìåíòîâàíî¨ ïðîãðàìè
/**
* Classical program to start <b>HelloWorld</b>
* It prints the line 'Hello World' in the console screen
and exits than.
* @author somewere from Sun Microsystems(tm)
* @version 1.0
*/
public class HelloWorld {
/**
* @param args the command line arguments
* @return nothing
*/
public static void main(String [] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World"); // Console output
}
}
Äîêóìåíòè ãåíåðóþòüñÿ ç òåêñòó ïðîãðàìè

javadoc HelloWorld
javadoc âèäà¹ íà êîíñîëi ùîñü ñõîæå íà òàêå:

Loading source file HelloWorld.java...
Constructing Javadoc information...
Standard Doclet version 1.6.0
Building tree for all the packages and classes...
Generating HelloWorld.html...
HelloWorld.java:11: warning - @return tag cannot be used in method with void return type.
Generating package-frame.html...
Generating package-summary.html...
Generating package-tree.html...
Generating constant-values.html...
Building index for all the packages and classes...
Generating overview-tree.html...
Generating index-all.html...
Generating deprecated-list.html...
Building index for all classes...
Generating allclasses-frame.html...
Generating allclasses-noframe.html...
Generating index.html...
Generating help-doc.html...
Generating stylesheet.css...
1 warning
ßê áà÷èìî, äîêóìåíòàöiÿ ãåíåðó¹òüñÿ ó htmlôîðìàòi.

Ùî çàáóëüáåíèâ javadoc:
Êîíñòðóêöi¨ (êëþ÷îâi ñëîâà)

@author
@version
@param
@return
ìàþòü ñïåöiàëüíå ïðèçíà÷åííÿ òà çàñòîñîâóþòüñÿ äëÿ íàïèñàííÿ
äîêóìåíòàöi¨, ñàìå ÿê i êîíñòðóêöi¨
/**
...Comments for inserting into the documentation...
*/
Íåïîãàíî!
Çìiñò
Âñòóï

ðÿäêàìè
Ìàñèâè

Áàçîâi òèïè
Â Java âèçíà÷åíî äåâ'ÿòü áàçîâèõ òèïiâ (primitive):
Copyright by Olexiy Tykhomyrov


÷îòèðè âàðiàíòà äëÿ öiëèõ çìiííèõ (integer)
1 byte 8 −128 127 0

2 short 16 −215 215 − 1 0
3 int 32 −231 231 − 1 0
4 long 64 −263 263 − 1 0L
÷îòèðè âàðiàíòà äëÿ öiëèõ çìiííèõ (integer)
1 byte 8 −128 127 0

2 short 16 −215 215 − 1 0
3 int 32 −231 231 − 1 0
4 long 64 −263 263 − 1 0L
Äâà âàðiàíòà äëÿ ÷èñåë ç ïëàâàþ÷îþ êðàïêîþ, òîáòî 'äiéñíèõ' (real,

oat)
5 float 32 1.4E − 45 3.45E 38 0.0F

6 double 64 4.9E − 324 1.7E 308 0.0D

Äâà âàðiàíòà äëÿ ÷èñåë ç ïëàâàþ÷îþ êðàïêîþ, òîáòî 'äiéñíèõ' (real,
oat)
5 float 32 1.4E − 45 3.45E 38 0.0F

6 double 64 4.9E − 324 1.7E 308 0.0D
òèï äëÿ ëîãi÷íèõ îïåðàöié boolean
7 boolean false true true


òèï äëÿ ëîãi÷íèõ îïåðàöié boolean
ñèìâîëüíèé òèï char äëÿ ñèìâîëiâ òà i¹ðîãëiôiâ
8 char unicode 0 unicode 216 − 1 \u0000


Ñïåöiàëüíèé òèï void
9 void

1 byte 8 −128 127 0
2 short 16 −215 215 − 1 0
3 int 32 −231 231 − 1 0
4 long 64 −263 263 − 1 0L
5 float 32 1.4E − 45 3.45E 38 0.0F
6 double 64 4.9E − 324 1.7E 308 0.0D
8 char unicode 0 unicode 216 − 1 \u0000
9 void
Ðÿäêè Strings
• String íå íàëåæèòü äî áàçîâîãî òèïó, öå êëàñ.

• Çíà÷åííÿ ïî çàìîâ÷åííþ null.
• Äåòàëi ðîáîòè ç êëàñàìè, à òàêîæ ïðî îïåðàöi¨
ïîäðîáèöi ïîòiì.
Çìiííi
Ïåðåä çàñòîñóâàííÿì çìiííî¨ òðåáà âèçíà÷èòè ¨¨ òèï òà iì'ÿ. Â

îãîëîøåííi ìîæíà çìiíèòè ïî÷àòêîâå çíà÷åííÿ çìiííî¨, à ìîæíà
çàñòîñóâàòè îïåðàòîð ïðèñâîþâàííÿ, ÿê ïîêàçàíî â ïðèêëàäi:
int x;
double df = 0.33;
float ff = 0.33F;
char c = 'a';
long m;
String s = "Java is nice";
x = 55; m=55L;
Çàïèñ çìiííèõ (1)
• Çíà÷åííÿ öiëèõ ÷èñåë ìîæíà çàäàâàòè ó çâè÷íîìó äåñÿòêîâîìó

âèãëÿäi, à òàêîæ ó øiñòíàäöÿòêîâîìó òà âiñiìêîâîìó ôîðìàòi,
çàñòîñó¹òüñÿ L äëÿ ïîäâiéíî¨ òî÷íîñòi, ÿê ó ïðèêëàäó:
int x = 34; // decimal value
int y = 0x3ef; // hexadecimal
int z = 0772; // octal
long m = 240395922L; // long
• Äiéñíi ÷èñëà ìàþòü ïîäâiéíó òî÷íiñòü, ÷èñëà çâè÷àéíî¨ òî÷íîñòi
çàäàþòü, äîäàþ÷è áóêâó F íàïðèêiíöi, ÿê ïîêàçàíî â ïðèêëàäi:
double d = 6.28; // 6.28 is a double value
float f = 6.28F; // 6.28F is a float value
Çàïèñ çìiííèõ (2)
• Ñèìâîëè ëàòèíèöi çàäàþòüñÿ, ÿê ó C . Ìiæíàðîäíà àáåòêà

çàäà¹òüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ ïîçíà÷êè \u:
char c = 'a'; // character lowercase a
char d = '\n'; // newline
char e = '\u2122' // unicode character (TM)
char ji = '\u0457' // ukrainian ji
• Ëîãi÷íèõ çíà÷åíü äâà, true òà false.
boolean ready = true; // boolean value true
boolean late = false; // boolean value false
Êîíñòàíòè
• Çíà÷åííÿ ñëiä çàäàâàòè îáîâ'ÿçêîâî, âêàçiâêà final äëÿ

êîíñòàíò.
final double pi = 3.1415; // constant PI

final int maxSize = 100; // integer constant
final char lastLetter = 'z'; // last
lowercase letter
final String word = "Hello";
• çíà÷åííÿ êîíñòàíò íå ìîæíà çìiíþâàòè.

Çìiñò
Âñòóï

ðÿäêàìè
Ìàñèâè

Âèðàçè
àðèôìåòè÷íi
Java íàäà¹ áàãàòî âiäíîøåííÿ
ìîæëèâîñòåé äëÿ âèðàçè
çàïèñó âèðàçiâ. ïîáiòîâi
ëîãi÷íi
Àðèôìåòè÷íi âèðàçè
-
Àðèôìåòè÷íi äi¨:
• äîäàâàííÿ (+) àðèôìåòè÷íi *
• âiäíiìàííÿ (-) /
• ìíîæåííÿ (*)
%
• äiëåííÿ (/)
âèðàçè
• îñòà÷à âiä äiëåííÿ âiäíîøåííÿ
(%).
ïîáiòîâi
ëîãi÷íi
class Arithmetic {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int x = 12; int y = 2 * x; System.out.println(y);
int z = (y - x) % 7; System.out.println(z);
nal oat pi = 3.1415F; oat f = pi / 0.62F;
System.out.println(f); }
}
}
class Arithmetic {
int x = 12; int y = 2 * x; System.out.println(y);
int z = (y - x) % 7; System.out.println(z);
nal oat pi = 3.1415F; oat f = pi / 0.62F;
System.out.println(f); }
}
}
Ïðîãðàìà äðóêó¹ íàñòóïíå:

24
5
5.0669355
Ñêîðî÷åíà ôîðìà çàïèñó îïåðàòîðiâ òàêîæ ìîæëèâà

class ShortHand {
int x = 12;
x += 5; // x = x + 5
System.out.println(x);
x *= 2; // x = x * 2
System.out.println(x); }
}
Ñêîðî÷åíà ôîðìà çàïèñó îïåðàòîðiâ òàêîæ ìîæëèâà

class ShortHand {
int x = 12;
x += 5; // x = x + 5
x *= 2; // x = x * 2
System.out.println(x); }
}
17
34
Ïåðåä- òà ïiñëÿ- äîäàâàííÿ, ÿê ó C :

class Increment {
int x = 12,y = 12;
System.out.println(x++); // x is printed and then incremented
System.out.println(++y); // y is incremented and then printed
System.out.println(y); }
}
Ïåðåä- òà ïiñëÿ- äîäàâàííÿ, ÿê ó C :

class Increment {
int x = 12,y = 12;
System.out.println(x++); // x is printed and then incremented
System.out.println(++y); // y is incremented and then printed
System.out.println(y); }
}
12
13
13
13
Îïåðàòîðè âiäíîøåííÿ
Âèðàçè ç îïåðàòîðàìè
âiäíîøåííÿ
• äîðiâíþ¹ ==
(equivalent) (==)
!=
• íå äîðiâíþ¹ (!=)
• ìåíø íiæ (<) <
âiäíîøåííÿ
• áiëüøå íiæ (>)
âèðàçè >
• ìåíø àáî äîðiâíþ¹
(<=) <=
• áiëüøå àáî >=
äîðiâíþ¹ (>=).
çàâæäè ïîâåðòàþòü ïîáiòîâi
ëîãi÷íå (áóëåâå)
ëîãi÷íi
çíà÷åííÿ
class Boolean {
int x = 12,y = 33;
System.out.println(x < y);
System.out.println(x != y - 21);
boolean test = x >= 10;
System.out.println(test); }
}
class Boolean {
int x = 12,y = 33;
System.out.println(x < y);
System.out.println(x != y - 21);
boolean test = x >= 10;
System.out.println(test); }
}
true
false
true
Îïåðàöi¨ íàä áiòàìè
Îïåðàòîðè:
• áóëåâié àëãåáðà: âiäíîøåííÿ
• ëîãi÷íå i &
• ëîãi÷íå àáî | &(and)
• ëîãi÷íå íi
|(or)
• çñóâ áiòiâ:
• çñóâ âëiâî >> âèðàçè !(not)
• çñóâ âïðàâî çi ïîáiòîâi
çíàêîì >> <<
• çñóâ âïðàâî ç >>
íóëåì >>>
char, short, byte ⇒ >>>()
int; ðåçóëüòàò int.
ëîãi÷íi
Îïåðàöi¨ íàä áiòàìè Bits1
class Bits1 {
int x = 0x16; // 00000000000000000000000000010110
int y = 0x33; // 00000000000000000000000000110011
System.out.println(x & y);// 00000000000000000000000000010010
System.out.println(x | y);// 00000000000000000000000000110111
System.out.println(~x); // 11111111111111111111111111101001
x &= 0xf; // 00000000000000000000000000000110
System.out.println(x); // 00000000000000000000000000000110
short s = 7; // 0000000000000111
System.out.println(~s); // 11111111111111111111111111111000
}
}
Îïåðàöi¨ íàä áiòàìè Bits2
class Bits2 {
int x = 0x16; //00000000000000000000000000010110
System.out.println(x << 3);//00000000000000000000000010110000
int y = 0xfe; //00000000000000000000000011111110
y >>= 4; //00000000000000000000000000001111
System.out.println(y); //00000000000000000000000000001111
x = 9; //00000000000000000000000000001001
System.out.println(x >> 3);//00000000000000000000000000000001
System.out.println(x >>>3);//00000000000000000000000000000001
x = -9; //11111111111111111111111111110111
System.out.println(x >> 3);//11111111111111111111111111111110
System.out.println(x >>>3);//00011111111111111111111111111110
}
}
Ëîãi÷íi îïåðàöi¨
Öi äi¨ ìîæóòü áóòè àðèôìåòè÷íi

âèêîíàíi âèíÿòêîâî íàä
ëîãi÷íèìè çìiííèìè: âiäíîøåííÿ
• ëîãi÷íå i (&&)
âèðàçè ïîáiòîâi
• ëîãi÷íå àáî (||)
• ëîãi÷íå íi (!) &&(and)
Ðåçóëüòàò òàêîæ ìà¹ ëîãi÷íi ||(or)
ëîãi÷íå çíà÷åííÿ
(boolean). !(not)
Ëîãi÷íi îïåðàöi¨ Logical
class Logical {
int x = 12,y = 33;
double d = 2.45,e = 4.54;
System.out.println(x < y && d < e);
System.out.println(!(x < y));
boolean test = 'a' > 'z';
System.out.println(test || d - 2.1 > 0);
}
}
Ëîãi÷íi îïåðàöi¨ Logical
class Logical {
int x = 12,y = 33;
double d = 2.45,e = 4.54;
System.out.println(x < y && d < e);
System.out.println(!(x < y));
boolean test = 'a' > 'z';
System.out.println(test || d - 2.1 > 0);
}
}
Ðåçóëüòàò âèêîíàííÿ ïðîãðàìè:

true
false
true
Îïåðàöi¨ ç ðÿäêàìè
• Java íàäà¹ âåñü ñïåêòð îïåðàöié ç ðÿäêàìè, îïèñ ÿêèõ ìîæíà

çíàéòè ó API
• Ðÿäîê String öå îá'¹êò êëàñó lang ìîâè Java .
• Çàðàç ñêîíöåíòðó¹ìî óâàãó íà îïåðàöi¨ ç'¹äíóâàííÿ
(concatenation) çà äîïîìîãîþ îïåðàòîðà +, ùî îá'¹äíó¹ äâà
ðÿäêà ó íîâîìó.
• ßêùî ó âèðàçi ïåðøèé àðãóìåíò ¹ ðÿäêîì, íàñòóïíèé àðãóìåíò
ïåðåòâîðþ¹òüñÿ íà ðÿäîê.
Îïåðàöi¨ ç ðÿäêàìè: ïðèêëàä
• Ðîçãëÿíåìî ïðîãðàìó
class Strings {
String s1 = "Hello" + " World!";
System.out.println(s1);
int i = 35,j = 44;
System.out.println("The value of i is " + i +
" and the value of j is " + j);
}
}
• Ïðîãðàìà äðóêó¹
Hello World!
The value of i is 35 and the value of j is 44
Îïåðàöi¨ ç ðÿäêàìè: ïðèêëàä
class Strings {
String s1 = "Hello" + " World!";
System.out.println(s1);
int i = 35,j = 44;
System.out.println("The value of i is " + i +
" and the value of j is " + j);
}
}
Hello World!
The value of i is 35 and the value of j is 44
Îïåðàöi¨ ç ðÿäêàìè: ïîðiâíÿííÿ
• Ðÿäêè ïîðiâíþþòüñÿ ìåòîäîì equals, íå îïåðàòîðîì =!

class Strings2 {
String s1 = "Hello";
System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));
System.out.println(s1.equals("Hi"));
}
}
true
false

class Strings2 {
}
}
true
false

class Strings2 {
}
}
true
false
Àâòîìàòè÷íå ïåðåòâîðåííÿ òèïiâ
• Java âèêîíó¹ àâòîìàòè÷íå ïåðåòâîðåííÿ òèïó çìiííî¨ ÿêùî

íåìà¹ ðèñêó âòðàòèòè òî÷íiñòü.
• Òèïîâèé ïðèêëàä àâòîìàòè÷íîãî ïåðåòâîðåííÿ ó áiê çáiëüøåííÿ
÷èñëà ðîçðÿäiâ
class TestWide {
int a = 'x'; // 'x' is a character
long b = 34; // 34 is an int
float c = 1002; // 1002 is an int
double d = 3.45F; // 3.45F is a float
}
}
Àâòîìàòè÷íå ïåðåòâîðåííÿ òèïiâ
• Java âèêîíó¹ àâòîìàòè÷íå ïåðåòâîðåííÿ òèïó çìiííî¨ ÿêùî

íåìà¹ ðèñêó âòðàòèòè òî÷íiñòü.
• Òèïîâèé ïðèêëàä àâòîìàòè÷íîãî ïåðåòâîðåííÿ ó áiê çáiëüøåííÿ
÷èñëà ðîçðÿäiâ
class TestWide {
int a = 'x'; // 'x' is a character
long b = 34; // 34 is an int
float c = 1002; // 1002 is an int
double d = 3.45F; // 3.45F is a float
}
}
Ïåðåòâîðåííÿ òèïiâ ïðè çìåíøåííi òî÷íîñòi
• Ó Java ñëiä âêàçóâàòè îïåðàòîð ïåðåòâîðåííÿ òèïó, ÿêùî ïiä

÷àñ òàêîãî ïåðåòâîðåííÿ êiëüêiñòü ðîçðÿäiâ çìåíøó¹òüñÿ
• Òèïîâèé ïðèêëàä çàñòîñóâàííÿ òàêîãî ïåðåòâîðåííÿ
class TestNarrow {
long a = 34;
int b = (int)a; // a is a long
double d = 3.45;
float f = (float)d; // d is a double
}
}
Ïåðåòâîðåííÿ òèïiâ ïðè çìåíøåííi òî÷íîñòi
• Ó Java ñëiä âêàçóâàòè îïåðàòîð ïåðåòâîðåííÿ òèïó, ÿêùî ïiä

÷àñ òàêîãî ïåðåòâîðåííÿ êiëüêiñòü ðîçðÿäiâ çìåíøó¹òüñÿ
• Òèïîâèé ïðèêëàä çàñòîñóâàííÿ òàêîãî ïåðåòâîðåííÿ
class TestNarrow {
long a = 34;
int b = (int)a; // a is a long
double d = 3.45;
float f = (float)d; // d is a double
}
}
Çìiñò
Âñòóï

ðÿäêàìè
Ìàñèâè

Îïåðàòîðè óïðàâëiííÿ çàãàëüíi âèçíà÷åííÿ
• Java çàáåçïå÷ó¹ íàáið îïåðàòîðiâ óïðàâëiííÿ òàêèé, ÿê i â C

• ãîëîâíà âiä'¹ìíiñòü ïîëÿãà¹ ó òîìó, ùî â óìîâi íå ìîæíà
çàñòîñîâóâàòè öiëèõ ÷èñåë, òîáòî óìîâà ìóñèòü áóòè ëîãi÷íèì
çíà÷åííÿì
Îïåðàòîð if
class If {
char c = 'x';
if ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
System.out.println("letter: " + c);
else if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
System.out.println("digit: " + c);
else {
System.out.println("the character is: " + c);
System.out.println("it is not a letter");
System.out.println("and it is not a digit"); } }
}
Îïåðàòîð if
class If {
char c = 'x';
if ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
System.out.println("letter: " + c);
else if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
System.out.println("digit: " + c);
else {
System.out.println("the character is: " + c);
System.out.println("it is not a letter");
System.out.println("and it is not a digit"); } }
}
Ïðîãðàìà äðóêó¹
letter: x
Îïåðàòîð while
class While {
final float initialValue = 2.34F;
final float step = 0.11F;
final float limit = 4.69F;
float var = initialValue;
int counter = 0;
while (var < limit) { var += step; counter++; }
System.out.println("Incremented " + counter + " times");
}
}
Îïåðàòîð while
class While {
float var = initialValue;
int counter = 0;
while (var < limit) { var += step; counter++; }
}
}
Incremented 22 times
Îïåðàòîð for
class For {
int counter = 0;
for (float var = initialValue;var < limit;var += step)
counter++;
}
}
Îïåðàòîð for
class For {
int counter = 0;
for (float var = initialValue;var < limit;var += step)
counter++;
}
}
Incremented 22 times
Îïåðàòîð break òà continue
class BreakContinue {
for (int counter = 0;counter < 10;counter++) {
// start a new iteration if the counter is odd
if (counter % 2 == 1) continue;
// abandon the loop if the counter is equal to 8
if (counter == 8) break;
// print the value
System.out.println(counter);
} System.out.println("done."); }
}
Îïåðàòîð break òà continue
class BreakContinue {
for (int counter = 0;counter < 10;counter++) {
// start a new iteration if the counter is odd
if (counter % 2 == 1) continue;
// abandon the loop if the counter is equal to 8
if (counter == 8) break;
// print the value
System.out.println(counter);
} System.out.println("done."); }
}
0 2 4 6 done.
Îïåðàòîð switch
class Switch {
boolean leapYear = true;
int days = 0;
for(int month = 1;month <= 12;month++) {
switch(month) {
case 1: // months with 31 days
case 3: case 5: case 7: case 8: case 10:
case 12: days += 31; break;
case 2: // February is a special case
if (leapYear) days += 29; else days += 28; break;
default: days += 30; break; // it must be a month with 30 days
} } System.out.println("number of days: " + days); }
}
Îïåðàòîð switch
class Switch {
boolean leapYear = true;
int days = 0;
for(int month = 1;month <= 12;month++) {
switch(month) {
case 1: // months with 31 days
case 3: case 5: case 7: case 8: case 10:
case 12: days += 31; break;
case 2: // February is a special case
if (leapYear) days += 29; else days += 28; break;
default: days += 30; break; // it must be a month with 30 days
} } System.out.println("number of days: " + days); }
}
number of days: 366

Çìiñò
Âñòóï

ðÿäêàìè
Ìàñèâè

Ìàñèâè
• Ó Java ìîæíà çàñòîñîâóâàòè ìàñèâè äàíèõ äëÿ çáåðåæåííÿ
äåêîãî ÷èñëà åëåìåíòiâ îäíàêîâîãî òèïó
int[] a; // an unitialized array of integers
float[] b; // an unitialized array of floats
String[] c; // an unitialized array of Strings
• Îïèñ ìàñèâó íå çàäà¹ éîãî ðîçìið. Íàâiòü ïàì'ÿòü íå
âèäiëÿ¹òüñÿ
• Ðîçìið ìàñèâó ìîæíà çàäàòè ïiä ÷àñ çàâäàííÿ éîãî ïî÷àòêîâèõ
çíà÷åíü
int[] a = {13,56,2034,4,55}; // size: 5
float[] b = {1.23F,2.1F}; // size: 2
String[] c = {"Java","is","great"}; // size: 3
• (Íå)Ìîæíà ðîçìiùóâàòè îãîëîøåííÿ â iíøèé ñïîñiá:
float anArrayOfFloats[]; // this form is discouraged}
Ìàñèâè
çíà÷åíü
int[] a = {13,56,2034,4,55}; // size: 5
float[] b = {1.23F,2.1F}; // size: 2
Ìàñèâè
çíà÷åíü
int[] a = {13,56,2034,4,55}; // size: 5
float[] b = {1.23F,2.1F}; // size: 2
Ìàñèâè
çíà÷åíü
int[] a = {13,56,2034,4,55}; // size: 5
float[] b = {1.23F,2.1F}; // size: 2
Ìàñèâè (2)
• Ðîçìið ìàñèâó ìîæíà çàäàòè îïåðàòîðîì new ïiä ÷àñ âèêîíàííÿ

ïðîãðàìè
int i = 3,j = 5;
double[] d; // unitialized array of doubles
d = new double[i+j]; // array of 8 doubles
• Êîìïîíåíòè ìàñèâó iíiöiàëiçóþòüñÿ ïî÷àòêîâèìè çíà÷åííÿìè: 0,
'\0' àáî null
• Åëåìåíò ìàñèâó çàäà¹òüñÿ öiëèì iíäåêñîì, ÿêèé ìîæå ïðèéìàòè
çíà÷åííÿ âiä 0 äî ðîçìiðó ìàñèâó ìiíóñ 1
a[2] = 1000; // modify the third element of a
• Êîæåí ìàñèâ ìà¹ äiëÿíêó äëÿ âèçíà÷åííÿ éîãî ðîçìiðó, ÿêó
ìîæíà çàñòîñóâàòè â ïðîãðàìi
int len = a.length; // get the size of the array
Ìàñèâè (2)

ïðîãðàìè
int i = 3,j = 5;
'\0' àáî null
Ìàñèâè (2)

ïðîãðàìè
int i = 3,j = 5;
'\0' àáî null
Ìàñèâè (2)

ïðîãðàìè
int i = 3,j = 5;
'\0' àáî null
Ïðèêëàä çàñòîñóâàííÿ ìàñèâiâ
class Arrays {
int[] a = {2,4,3,1};
int sum = 0; // compute the summation of the elements of a
for(int i = 0;i < a.length;i++) sum += a[i];
float[] d = new float[sum];// create an array of floats with this size
// assign some values
for(int i = 0;i < d.length;i++) d[i] = 1.0F/(i+1);
// print the values in odd positions
for(int i = 1;i<d.length;i += 2) System.out.println("d["+i+"]="+d[i]);
}
}
Ïðèêëàä çàñòîñóâàííÿ ìàñèâiâ
class Arrays {
int[] a = {2,4,3,1};
int sum = 0; // compute the summation of the elements of a
for(int i = 0;i < a.length;i++) sum += a[i];
float[] d = new float[sum];// create an array of floats with this size
// assign some values
for(int i = 0;i < d.length;i++) d[i] = 1.0F/(i+1);
// print the values in odd positions
for(int i = 1;i<d.length;i += 2) System.out.println("d["+i+"]="+d[i]);
}
}
d[1]=0.5
d[3]=0.25
d[5]=0.16666667
d[7]=0.125
d[9]=0.1
Áàãàòîâåêòîðíi ìàñèâè
• Òàêîæ ìîæíà çàñòîñîâóâàòè áàãàòîâåêòîðíi ìàñèâè

• ßê ïðèêëàä, äàëi ïîêàçàíî, ÿê âèçíà÷èòè òà ñòâîðèòè ìàñèâ ç 50
åëåìåíòiâ, îðãàíiçîâàíèõ ïî 10 ðÿäêiâ ó 5 ñòîâï÷èêàõ
• int a[][] = new int[10][5];
• Çâåðíiòü óâàãó íà òå, ÿê îïèñó¹òüñÿ ãîëîâíèé ìåòîä ïðîãðàìè:

• public static void main(String[] args)
• Ìåòîä main ïðèéìà¹ îäèí àðãóìåíòiâ öå âèäíî ç îïèñó
String[] args. Çà äîïîìîãîþ öüîãî ìàñèâó â ïðîãðàìó ìîæíà
ïåðåäàâàòè iíôîðìàöiþ ïðîãðàìi ïiä ÷àñ çàïóñêó ¨¨ ó âiðòóàëüíié
ìàøèíi Java
Ïðèêëàä àðãóìåíòiâ êîìàíäíîãî ðÿäêó (1)
class CommandArguments {
for(int i = 0; i < args.length; i++)
System.out.println(args[i]); } }
class CommandArguments {
for(int i = 0; i < args.length; i++)
System.out.println(args[i]); } }
Ïðèêëàäè âèêîíàííÿ ïðîãðàìè:
# java CommandArguments Hello World
Hello
World
# java CommandArguments
# java CommandArguments I have 25 cents
I
have
25
cents
Íàâiòü ÿêùî, ÿê ó ïðèêëàäi, àðãóìåíò ¹ öiëå ÷èñëî, âií ñïðèéìà¹òüñÿ

ÿê ðÿäîê, ùî çáåðiãà¹òüñÿ ó args[2].
Íàâiòü ÿêùî, ÿê ó ïðèêëàäi, àðãóìåíò ¹ öiëå ÷èñëî, âií ñïðèéìà¹òüñÿ

ÿê ðÿäîê, ùî çáåðiãà¹òüñÿ ó args[2].
Ùîá ïåðåòâîðèòè ðÿäîê, â ÿêîìó ïîäàíî öiëå ÷èñëî äî ÷èñëà, ìîæíà
çàñòîñóâàòè ìåòîä êëàñó Integer parseInt. Êëàñ Integer öå
îáîëîíêà (wrapper) äëÿ òèïó int. Îáîëîíêè ðîçãëÿíåìî ïiçíiøå.
Ùîá ïåðåòâîðèòè ðÿäîê, â ÿêîìó ïîäàíî öiëå ÷èñëî äî ÷èñëà, ìîæíà

çàñòîñóâàòè ìåòîä êëàñó Integer parseInt. Êëàñ Integer öå
îáîëîíêà (wrapper) äëÿ òèïó int. Îáîëîíêè ðîçãëÿíåìî ïiçíiøå.
Ðîçãëÿíåìî íàñòóïíó ïðîãðàìó
class Add {
if (args.length != 2) {
System.out.println("Error"); System.exit(0); }
int arg1 = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
System.out.println(arg1 + arg2);
}
Ðîçãëÿíåìî íàñòóïíó ïðîãðàìó

class Add {
if (args.length != 2) {
System.out.println("Error"); System.exit(0); }
System.out.println(arg1 + arg2);
}
Ïðèêëàäè âèêîíàííÿ ïðîãðàìè:

# java Add 2 5
7
# java Add 4
Error

Introducing Java

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Âñòóï Îñîáëèâîñòi Java Ðîçðîáêà Java -ïðîãðàì Áàçîâi êîíñòðóêöi¨ ìîâè Àðãóìåíòè êîìàíäíîãî ðÿäêó

Îá'¹êòíî-îðè¹íòîâàíå ïðîãðàìóâàííÿ ìîâîþ

Êàôåäðà åêñïåðèìåíòàëüíî¨ ôiçèêè

ßêi îñîáëèâîñòi ìîâè Java çðîáèëè ¨¨ ïîïóëÿðíîþ

Àðãóìåíòè êîìàíäíîãî ðÿäêó

ßêi îñîáëèâîñòi ìîâè Java çðîáèëè ¨¨ ïîïóëÿðíîþ

Àðãóìåíòè êîìàíäíîãî ðÿäêó

ßêi îñîáëèâîñòi ìîâè Java çðîáèëè ¨¨ ïîïóëÿðíîþ

Àðãóìåíòè êîìàíäíîãî ðÿäêó

ßêi îñîáëèâîñòi ìîâè Java çðîáèëè ¨¨ ïîïóëÿðíîþ

Àðãóìåíòè êîìàíäíîãî ðÿäêó

ßêi îñîáëèâîñòi ìîâè Java çðîáèëè ¨¨ ïîïóëÿðíîþ

Àðãóìåíòè êîìàíäíîãî ðÿäêó

• 1.2 ìiëüÿðäiâ êîìï'þòåðiâ âèêîðèñòîâóþòü

• ìàøèíîíåçàëåæíèé êîä òà ïåðåíîñèìîñü

Ìàøèíîíåçàëåæíèé êîä. Ïåðåíîñèìîñü

Copyright by Sum Microsystems, image was borrowed

Ìàøèíîíåçàëåæíèé êîä. Ïåðåíîñèìîñü

Copyright by Sum Microsystems, image was borrowed

Ìàøèíîíåçàëåæíèé êîä. Ïåðåíîñèìîñü

Copyright by Sum Microsystems, image was borrowed

Îñîáëèâîñòi Java äëÿ Android òàêîâè, ùî íàâåäåíèé helloworld òðåáà

Ìà¹òüñÿ íà óâàçi îäí ç ãîëîâíèõ ãàñåë, ùî ñóïðîâîäæóþòü ìîâó

Ìà¹òüñÿ íà óâàçi îäí ç ãîëîâíèõ ãàñåë, ùî ñóïðîâîäæóþòü ìîâó

íàïèñàíî ðàç, âèêîíó¹òüñÿ çàâæäè.

Ìà¹òüñÿ íà óâàçi îäí ç ãîëîâíèõ ãàñåë, ùî ñóïðîâîäæóþòü ìîâó

íàïèñàíî ðàç, âèêîíó¹òüñÿ çàâæäè.

Öå çàáåçïå÷ó¹òüñÿ âèêîðèñòàííÿì JVM òà êîíñòðóêöiÿìè ìîâè

Öå çàáåçïå÷ó¹òüñÿ âèêîðèñòàííÿì JVM òà êîíñòðóêöiÿìè ìîâè

Copyright by Sum Microsystems, image was borrowed

Öå çàáåçïå÷ó¹òüñÿ âèêîðèñòàííÿì JVM òà êîíñòðóêöiÿìè ìîâè

Copyright by Sum Microsystems, image was borrowed

Ïðîñòîòà: çíàéîìèé ñèíòàêñèñ ( C , C++)

• ñèíòàêñèñ, ùî äóæå ñõîæèé íà ñèíòàêñèñ ( C );

Java ïiäòðèìó¹ âèíÿòêîâî îá'¹êòíî-îðè¹íòîâàíå ïðîãðàìóâàííÿ. Öå

Íåçàëåæíà ðîáîòà ïiäïðîöåñiâ (Threads)

Îäíà ç ãîëîâíèõ çàäà÷ îïåðàöiéíî¨ ñèñòåìè (ÎÑ)  ðîçïîäiëÿòè

Çàõèñò ìàøèíè âiä ïðîãðàìè, ùî âèêîíó¹òüñÿ ìàøèíîþ

• Application and Applet  Ïðîãðàìà òà àïëåò

• CORBA  Common Object Request Broker Architecture1

1 Àðõiòåêòóðà ïîñåðåäíèêà çàïèòiâ òèïîâîãî îá'¹êòà

ßêi îñîáëèâîñòi ìîâè Java çðîáèëè ¨¨ ïîïóëÿðíîþ

Àðãóìåíòè êîìàíäíîãî ðÿäêó

Êëàñè÷íèé øëÿõ(áåç IDE)

Êëàñè÷íèé øëÿõ(áåç IDE)

Êëàñè÷íèé øëÿõ(áåç IDE)

Êëàñè÷íèé øëÿõ(áåç IDE)

Êëàñè÷íèé øëÿõ(áåç IDE)

ßêi îñîáëèâîñòi ìîâè Java çðîáèëè ¨¨ ïîïóëÿðíîþ

Àðãóìåíòè êîìàíäíîãî ðÿäêó

Íàâiòü ÷óäîâà ïðîãðàìà áåç äîêóìåíòàöi¨  íåïîòðiá!

ß ïèñüìåííèê ÷è ïðîãðàìiñò? Õòî ÿ?

Äîêóìåíòè ãåíåðóþòüñÿ ç òåêñòó ïðîãðàìè

javadoc âèäà¹ íà êîíñîëi ùîñü ñõîæå íà òàêå:

ßê áà÷èìî, äîêóìåíòàöiÿ ãåíåðó¹òüñÿ ó htmlôîðìàòi.

Êîíñòðóêöi¨ (êëþ÷îâi ñëîâà)

ßêi îñîáëèâîñòi ìîâè Java çðîáèëè ¨¨ ïîïóëÿðíîþ

Àðãóìåíòè êîìàíäíîãî ðÿäêó

Â Java âèçíà÷åíî äåâ'ÿòü áàçîâèõ òèïiâ (primitive):

Copyright by Olexiy Tykhomyrov

Îäíà ç ãîëîâíèõ çàäà÷ îïåðàöiéíî¨ ñèñòåìè (ÎÑ) ðîçïîäiëÿòè

• Application and Applet Ïðîãðàìà òà àïëåò

• CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture1

Íàâiòü ÷óäîâà ïðîãðàìà áåç äîêóìåíòàöi¨ íåïîòðiá!

ßê áà÷èìî, äîêóìåíòàöiÿ ãåíåðó¹òüñÿ ó htmlôîðìàòi.

Îïåðàöi¨ íàä áiòàìè Bits1

Îïåðàöi¨ íàä áiòàìè Bits2

Ëîãi÷íi îïåðàöi¨ Logical

Ëîãi÷íi îïåðàöi¨ Logical

• Ðÿäêè ïîðiâíþþòüñÿ ìåòîäîì equals, íå îïåðàòîðîì =!

• Ðÿäêè ïîðiâíþþòüñÿ ìåòîäîì equals, íå îïåðàòîðîì =!

• Ðÿäêè ïîðiâíþþòüñÿ ìåòîäîì equals, íå îïåðàòîðîì =!

Îïåðàòîðè óïðàâëiííÿ çàãàëüíi âèçíà÷åííÿ