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    Standard Model of Physics

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    Saurabh Waghare
    The document summarizes a seminar presentation about the Standard Model of Particle Physics. It describes that the Standard Model categorizes elementary particles into fermions (matter particles like quarks and leptons) and bosons (force carriers). It explains the particle content, including six flavors of quarks and six leptons, and four gauge bosons (photon, gluon, W, and Z) that mediate the fundamental forces. The Higgs boson is also included and is responsible for generating mass through interactions with the Higgs field. The Standard Model successfully describes three of the four fundamental forces but has drawbacks like not incorporating gravity.

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    Standard Model of Physics

    Uploaded by

    Saurabh Waghare
    70 views14 pages
    The document summarizes a seminar presentation about the Standard Model of Particle Physics. It describes that the Standard Model categorizes elementary particles into fermions (matter particles like quarks and leptons) and bosons (force carriers). It explains the particle content, including six flavors of quarks and six leptons, and four gauge bosons (photon, gluon, W, and Z) that mediate the fundamental forces. The Higgs boson is also included and is responsible for generating mass through interactions with the Higgs field. The Standard Model successfully describes three of the four fundamental forces but has drawbacks like not incorporating gravity.

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    Standard Model Of Physics

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    The document summarizes a seminar presentation about the Standard Model of Particle Physics. It describes that the Standard Model categorizes elementary particles into fermions (matter particles like quarks and leptons) and bosons (force carriers). It explains the particle content, including six flavors of quarks and six leptons, and four gauge bosons (photon, gluon, W, and Z) that mediate the fundamental forces. The Higgs boson is also included and is responsible for generating mass through interactions with the Higgs field. The Standard Model successfully describes three of the four fundamental forces but has drawbacks like not incorporating gravity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views14 pages

    Standard Model of Physics

    Uploaded by

    Saurabh Waghare
    The document summarizes a seminar presentation about the Standard Model of Particle Physics. It describes that the Standard Model categorizes elementary particles into fermions (matter particles like quarks and leptons) and bosons (force carriers). It explains the particle content, including six flavors of quarks and six leptons, and four gauge bosons (photon, gluon, W, and Z) that mediate the fundamental forces. The Higgs boson is also included and is responsible for generating mass through interactions with the Higgs field. The Standard Model successfully describes three of the four fundamental forces but has drawbacks like not incorporating gravity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    Institute Of Science

    ◆Department Of Physics◆
    Seminar Presentation

    Seminar Topic: Standard Model Of


    Particle Physics
    Presented By_ Saurabh
    Waghare
    (M.sc.Physics 3rd sem )
    Contents:
    • Introduction
    • Historical Background
    • What Is Standard Model Of Particle Physics
    • Particle Content
    • Fundamental Forces
    • Drawbacks
    Introduction :
    • All the matter around us is made up of elementary particles which we can
    say building block of matter.

    • Standard Model categorizes elementary particles on basis of their


    properties into two groups
    i.e.bosons and fermions

    • Elementary particles are the particles whose substructure is unknown,that


    is we don’t know what is that particles made up of.

    • Fermions are Matter particles that includes


    quarks,leptons,antiquark,antilepton ,That also include antimatter particles.

    • Bosons are the Force carriers which mediate force between fermions.
    Historical Background :
    • First step towards the standard model was Sheldon Glashowls discovery in 1961
    to combine electromagnetic and weak interactions.

    • In 1967 Steven Weinberg and Abdus Salam incorporated the Higgs


    mechanism into Glashow's electroweak interaction, giving it its modern form.

    • The Higgs mechanism is believed to give rise to the masses of all the elementary
    particles in the Standard Model. This includes the masses of the W and Z bosons,
    and the masses of the fermions, i.e. the quarks and leptons.

    • After the neutral weak currents caused by Z boson exchange were


    discovered at CERN in 1973, the electroweak theory became widely accepted and
    Glashow, Salam, and Weinberg shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics for
    discovering it.

    • The W± and Z bosons were discovered experimentally in 1983; and the ratio of
    their masses was found to be as the Standard Model predicted.
    What Is Standard Model Of Physics ???
    • Standard Model Explains How
    Basic Building Block of matter
    interacts with each other By Four
    Fundamental Forces Of Nature.

    • Because of its Success in


    predictions of verity of
    experimental results it’s called
    “Theory Of Almost Everything”

    • It is Classification Of All Subatomic


    Particles Known.
    Particle Content :
    Standard Model

    Fermions(Matter Particles) Bosons (Force Carriers)

    Quarks Leptons Gauge Bosons Higgs Boson


    • Fermions obey Pauli’s
    exclusion principle

    • Fermions characterized
    by Fermi Dirac Statistics.

    • Fermions have spin ½


    particle.

    • Bosons don’t obey Pauli’s


    exclusion principle.

    • Bosons are characterized


    by Bose-Einstein Statistics.

    • Bosons are integer spin


    particles.
    Fermions (Matter Particles )
    Quarks:

    • There are six types of quarks “up ,down, charm, strange ,top ,bottom”

    • Quarks carry colour charge.

    • Quarks are type of particles which occurred in binding to other quarks always
    and don’t occure independently.

    • Quarks do bind in doublets or triplets.


    Doublets are called Meson’s and Triplets are called as Baryon’s.

    • Protons have two up quarks and one down quarks , Neutrons Have two
    down quarks and one up quarks
    Leptons :

    • There are six Leptons in standard model namely “electron ,electron neutrino
    ,Muon , Muon neutrino ,tau and tau neutrino.

    • Leptons don’t carry colour charge ,Neutrino among them don’t carry electric
    charge.

    • All the leptons in standard model are spin ½ particles.

    • Neutrinos have very little mass (even for leptons) and interact so weakly with
    the rest of the particles that they are exceptionally difficult to detect
    Bosons
    Gauge Bosons :

    • There are four gauge bosons namely


    “Gluon,Photon,W boson,Z boson”.

    • Gauge bosons also called as vector


    bosons as it is associated with vector
    field.

    • Bosons associated with each force of


    nature is called gauge Boson
    Higgs Boson :
    • Elementary particles gain their mass from a fundamental field associated with the
    Higgs boson.
    • Higgs Boson works on Brout-Englert-Higgs Mechanism.
    • Higgs Boson Has no spin and no charge.
    • Higgs Boson has associated field called higgs field which is pervaded in all space
    and is invisible.
    • Higgs Field Is Scalar Field.
    • Higgs Boson Is Produced By Quantum Excitation Of Higgs Field.

    How the elementary particles gain their mass???


    • At the start of big-bang there were no higgs field but as temperature cool down
    below critical temperature higgs field spred in universe.
    • So those particles which interact with higgs field gain mass ex.electrons,muons
    And Those which do not interact become massless ex.photon,gluon.
    • The More Particle interacts with the field heviour it’s become.
    Fundamental Forces
    • There are four forces of nature:
    1) Electromagnetic Force
    2) Gravitational Force
    3)Strong Force
    4) Weak Force
    From above standard model give explanation to only three forces excluding
    gravitational force.
    Drawbacks of Standard Model
    • Standard model does not explain about gravity and do not
    Incorporated graviton in standard model.

    • It does not give explanation about dark matter and dark


    energy.

    • It does not explain About neutrino oscillations and non zero


    mass of neutrino.

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