SAS Session 3 Research 1

LESSON REVIEW (5 minutes)
NUR 027 (Nursing Research 1-Lecture) BS

INSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE NURSING/SECOND YEAR
Session # 3
Materials:
LESSON TITLE: EVIDENCE-BASED NURSING
PRACTICE Book, pen and notebook
Textbook:
LEARNING OUTCOME:
Upon completion of this lesson, the nursing student is Barrientos-Tan, C. (2011). A Research Guide in Nursing
expected to: Education: Building an Evidence-Based Practice. Pasay
City: Philippines, Visprint Inc.
1. Evaluate sources of evidence for nursing practice 2.
Explain evidence-based practice (EBP), and evidence-
based practice in nursing.
References:
Polit, Denise F. & Beck, Cheryl T. (2012). Nursing
research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing
research (9th ed.), Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16052183
The instructor will open a box of rolled papers with your assigned numbers. The students whose numbers were picked
by the instructor will answer one of the following questions:
1. What are the roles of nurses in research? Principal Investigator, Member of the Research Team,
Identifier of Research Problem, Evaluator of Research in Nursing, User of Research Findings,
Patient/Client Advocate during studies, and Subject/Participant in studies.
2. What are the five characteristics of research
1. Orderly and systematic
2. Control
3. Empirical
4. Generalization
5. Intensive
MAIN LESSON (30 minutes)
Evidence-Based Practice
-started in the field of medicine by Dr. Archibald Leman Cochrane, a British Epidemilogist
- Dr. Cochrane stressed that random clinical trials are the “gold standard” for generating reliable and valid
evidence. He developed the “Cochrane Reviews”, an electronic database consists of systematic reviews in
various health care fields.
Figure 1. Evidence-Based Practice

This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA
Education (Department of Nursing) 1 of 4
Cochrane Collaboration - an international, not-for-profit organisation that aims to help people make well
informed decisions about health care by preparing, maintaining and promoting the accessibility of systematic
reviews of the effects of health-care interventions. Cochrane systematic reviews are prepared according to
predefined, explicit methodology, and published in The Cochrane Library. The abstracts and plain English
summaries of the reviews are freely available on the Internet.
Sources of Evidence for Nursing Practice

1. Tradition and authority- the concern is some nursing interventions can be based on tradition, customs or
“unit culture” or a person with specialized expertise who are not infallible
2. Clinical experience, trial and error and intuition
Clinical experience- personal experience is limited as a knowledge source
Trial and error- practical but solutions are odd (idiosyncratic)
Intuition- cannot be explained based on reasoning that arises in difficulty of developing nursing policies
and practices
3. Logical Reasoning-inductive and deductive
Inductive- the process of developing generalizations from specific observations
Deductive- the process of developing specific predictions from general principles
Logical reasoning is limited because the validity of reasoning depends on the accuracy of the information
with which one starts.
4. Disciplined research- nursing research combines logical reasoning with other features to create evidence
which can be infallible but tends to be more reliable than any other method of acquiring evidence.
Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing

The conscientious use of current best evidence of making clinical decisions about patient care. It has the
following components:
1. Evidence from research/evidence-based theories, opinion leaders/ expert panels

2. Evidence from assessment of the patient’s history and physical exam and availability of healthcare
resources
3. Clinical Practice
4. Information about patient’s preferences and values
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING (15 minutes)

Seatwork. Pair up with your seatmate. You may look for the answer online or use books in in Medical/Surgical Nursing
with the question given below:
What do you think is an evidence-based practice no. 1 or 2? Rationalize your answers. (10 points)
a. Oxygen use of patients with pneumonia

b. Turning bedridden patient to sides q 2 hours
ANSWER:

People with pneumonia are given oxygen treatment on a regular basis at this time. However, there is
conflicting evidence on the effects of oxygen therapy on pneumonia, and no comprehensive study of
pneumonia patients has been undertaken to identify which oxygen delivery approach produces the
greatest clinical outcomes. The evidence is limited, and the tiny number of research and study participants
makes it difficult to assess.

A patient's posture in bed should be changed every two hours to keep blood flowing. This keeps the skin
healthy and keeps bedsores at bay. When turning a patient, look for redness and lesions on the skin.
Pressure ulcers can form in patients who are unable to turn or adjust themselves properly. The first of
these nursing studies split elderly patients into three groups: every two to three hours [age = 32], every
four hours [age = 27], and two to four times a day [age = 41]. When elderly people with ulcers were rotated
every 2 to 3 hours, researchers found that they had less ulcers.
RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY
The instructor will now rationalize the answers to the students and will encourage them to ask questions and to
discuss among their classmates the answers.
What do you think is an evidence-based practice no. 1 or 2? Rationalize your answers. (10 points)

ANSWER:
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LESSON WRAP-UP (10 minutes)
You will now mark (encircle) the session you have finished today in the tracker below. This is simply a visual to help
you track how much work you have accomplished and how much work there is left to do.
You are done with the session! Let’s track your progress.
AL Strategy: CAT 3-2-1
After the lesson, each student will be asked to write in a one fourth sheet of paper the
following: Three things student learned:
1. ______________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________
Two things student still want to learn more about:
1. ______________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________
One question student still have:
1. ______________________________________________________
The instructor will read what is written on the paper of students whose names were picked from a box and discuss
what the students want to learn and one question they still have.

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LESSON REVIEW (5 minutes)

NUR 027 (Nursing Research 1-Lecture) BS

MAIN LESSON (30 minutes)

Figure 1. Evidence-Based Practice

Sources of Evidence for Nursing Practice

Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing

1. Evidence from research/evidence-based theories, opinion leaders/ expert panels

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING (15 minutes)

a. Oxygen use of patients with pneumonia

a. Oxygen use of patients with pneumonia

b. Turning bedridden patient to sides q 2 hours

a. Oxygen use of patients with pneumonia

a. Oxygen use of patients with pneumonia

b. Turning bedridden patient to sides q 2 hours

LESSON WRAP-UP (10 minutes)

AL Strategy: CAT 3-2-1

One question student still have:

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