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INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL SECURITY CONCEPT

 Defined SECURITY:
- The term security connotes safety from harm.
- It is a condition of being free from fear, doubt,
apprehension, anxiety and danger.
- It implies a state of certainty and safety.

In criminological standpoint SECURITY is concerned

with the protection and defense of life, assets, and
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processes against attack, espionage, and interference by

utilizing various methods and devices.

 INDUSTRIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT

- It is primarily deals with industrial plants and
business enterprises where properties, personnel,
and processes are safeguarded.
- It is concerned in preparation by utilizing methods
and devises to curtail or minimize loss to a company
due to security breach.

Take Note: The factors that would determine the security

measures depends on numerous determinants such as felt of
needs, sufficient resources, physical plant, personnel
composition and information that the company or business
establishment possess.

 The private security business in the Philippines began

on March 1, 1933 when the first formally-licensed
private security agency with the business name
“Special Watchman Agency” which later came to be known
as “Jimenez Security Agency” came into operation, with
the brothers Juan and Pedro Jimenez as its operator
and general managers. Their firm was granted license
to operate by the City of Manila pursuant to an
ordinance passed by the city council numbered 2162.

MAJOR AREAS OF INDUSTRIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT

In the field of security, there are only three areas

covering the different types, kinds or specialization in
security. They are the following:

1. PHYSICAL SECURITY
2. PERSONNEL SECURITY
3. DOCUMENT SECURITY

Types of Security:

1. INDUSTRIAL SECURITY - a type of security applied to

business groups engaged in industries like
manufacturing, assembling, research and development,
processing, warehousing and even agriculture.

2. HOTEL SECURITY - a type of security applied to hotels

where its properties are protected from pilferage,
loss, damage and the function in the hotel restaurants
are not disturbed and troubled by outsiders or the
guest themselves. This type of security employs house
detectives, uniform guard and supervisor and insures
that hotel guests and their personal effects
safeguarded.

3. BANK SECURITY – this type of security is concern with

bank operations. Its main objective is the protection
of bank cash and assets, its personnel and clientele.

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Security personnel are trained to safeguard bank and

assets while in
storage in transit and during transactions.

4. VIP SECURITY – a type of security applied for the

protection of top – ranking officials of the
government or private entity, visiting persons of
illustrious standing and foreign dignitaries.

5. SCHOOL SECURITY – a type of security that is concern

with the protection of students, faculty members, and
school properties. Security personnel are trained to
protect the school property from theft, vandals,
handling campus riots and detecting the use of
intoxicated drugs and alcohol by the students.

6. SUPERMARKET or MALL SECURITY – a type of security

which is concern with the protection of the stores,
warehouses, storage, its immediate premises and
properties as well as the supermarket personnel and
customers. Security personnel are trained to detect
“shoplifter”, robbery and bomb detection and customer
relation.

 PHYSICAL SECURITY

 PHYSICAL SECURITY – is the broadest branch of security.

It is defined as a system of barriers placed between the
matters protected and the potential intruder. It is
concerned utilization of physical measures to prevent
unauthorized access to facilities, plants, equipment and
safeguard them against man-made and natural hazards.

 PHYSICAL BARRIER
- Refers to any physical structure whether natural or
man-made capable of restricting, deterring, delaying
or preventing illegal and unauthorized access to an
installation.

PURPOSE OF BARRIER
- The purpose of protective barriers in safeguarding
the areas, building, and the proper utilization of
lighting at night have contributed to modern man’s
attempt to discourage intruder, pilfer, and other
entrants of devious intent.

TWO GENERAL TYPES OF PHYSICAL BARRIER

1. NATURAL BARRIER – such as rivers, cliffs, and ravines,

etc. which delay or make more difficult the entry of
the intruder.

2. MAN-MADE BARRIER – are structural construction like

fences, walls, floors, roofs, grills, bars, road

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blocks, or other physical means to deter or impede

penetration.

KINDS OF BARRIER

1. NATURAL BARRIER – Are those natural topographic

features that lend themselves to denying or hindering
entry to an installation.

2. STRUCTURAL BARRIER – these are features constructed by

man regardless of their original intent that tends to
delay the intruder. Examples are walls, doors,
windows, locks, fences, safe, cabinets or containers
etc.

3. HUMAN BARRIER – persons being used in providing a

guarding system or by the nature of their employment
and location, fulfill security functions. Examples are
guards, office personnel, shop workers, etc.

4. ANIMAL BARRIER – animals are used in partially

providing a guarding system or in augmentation
thereto.

 The cheapest animal used in security is the Geese

(Goose) while sentry dogs, like the German Sheppard
dogs are usually utilized in the security business.
 A SENTRY DOG is valuable due to its keen sense of
smell and hearing . A noise or sounds approximately 26
yards are audible to dogs and it can smell scents at
least 100 yards away. The Sentry dog has an
incorruptible character and is completely loyal; it is
a predator by instinct hence guarding qualities is
natural. However, its ability to check identity is its
perceived weak point.

5. ENERGY BARRIER – it is the employment of mechanical,

electrical, electronic energy imposes a deterrent to
entry by the potential intruder or to provide warning
to guard personnel. These are protective lighting,
alarm system and any electronic devices used as
barriers.

GENERALLY, A BARRIER IS USE FOR THE FOLLOWING PURPOSES:

1. Outline the physical limits of an area.

2. Create a physical and psychological deterrent to
unauthorized entry.
3. Prevent penetration therein or delay intrusion, thus,
facilitating apprehension of intruders.
4. Assist in more efficient and economical employment of
guards.
5. Facilitate and improve the control and vehicular
traffic.

THREE LINES OF PHYSICAL DEFENSE

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1. FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE – perimeter fences/barriers

2. Second Line Of Defense – doors, floors, windows, walls,
roofs and grills and other entries to the buildings.
3. THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE – storage system like steel
cabinets, safes, vaults and interior files.

PERIMETER BARRIER
- a medium or structure which defines the physical
limit of an installation or area that restrict or
impede access thereto. It is any physical barrier
used to supplement the protection of an inside or
outside perimeter. The main purpose of perimeter
barrier is to deny or impede access or exit of
unauthorized person. Basically, it is the first line
of defense of an installation. This is maybe in the
form of fences, building walls or even bodies of
water. The function and location of the facility
itself usually determine the perimeter of the
installation.

CLASSIFICATION OF A BARRIER

1. Inside Perimeter – a line protection adjacent to a

protected area and passing thru points of possible
entry, such as door, windows and tunnels.
2. Outside Perimeter – a line protection surrounding and
removed from a protected area, such as fence and
walls.

TYPES OF PERIMETER BARRIER

1. WIRE FENCE
2. WALLS
3. BODIES OF WATER

 FENCE – It is an independent structure designed to

control physical and/or visual access between outside
areas and is classified into types: solid and full view.

A. WIRE FENCE
Minimum Acceptable Requirements for fence used as
Security Barrier:

a. HEIGHT: Eight (8) feet at minimum

b. SLACK AT THE BOTTOM: not to exceed two inches, if the

fence is not taut then it should extend even closer to
the ground.

c. WOODEN FENCE POST: minimum horizontal dimension of

four inches by four inches.

d. STEEL FENCE POST: the round type should be at least

two inches in diameter and H-beam type must measurable
no less than two inches at the smallest diameter.

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e. FENCE POSTS: fence post should be set in concrete or

in firm soil using commercial drive anchors, to a
depth of three feet; Maximum distance between posts is
ten feet.

f. FENCE TOP: there should be something on the top of the

fence to deter persons attempting to go over the
fence; good example would be the used of barbed wire
overhang, holding the stands of barbed – wire should
be two feet long and should be extended at 45 degree
angle in the direction of the expected approach.

g. FENCE AREA: the area surrounding the fence should be

cleared of trees and vegetation and debris or other
materials which would offer concealment to the
intruder or would aid him in scaling.

h. FENCE GATE: gates should be limited to the number

necessary for efficient and safe operation of the
installation.

i. FENCE OPENING: all opening in the fence in excess of

96 inches must be locked, barbed, or screened in such
a way that they may only be unlocked and opened from
the inside and only by selected personnel.

j. MULTIPLE FENCE: if used, multiple fence should be at

least ten feet apart and the overhang on the top of
the inner fence should point inward rather than away
from the installation maximum distance any two
parallel fences should not exceed 150 feet.

Wire fencing can be barbed wire, chain link or

concertina. Chain link are for permanent structure, barbed
wire is semi-permanent, and concertina for the least
permanent and also can be used as a temporary road block or
impediment during strikes and crowd control. Wire fences
are attractive and low in maintenance cost; they offer
fewer hazards to people, and the openings are small to
prevent passage of pilfered article.

TYPES OF FENCE

1. SOLID FENCE – is constructed of opaque material to

deny visual access.
2. FULL – VIEW FENCE – is constructed to permit visual
access but primarily designed for control or physical
access into a facility.

Types of Full – View Fence:

A. CHAIN LINK FENCE

1. It must be constructed of 7 feet material excluding
top guard.
2. It must be of 9 gauge or heavier

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3. The mesh openings are not to be larger than 2 inches

per side.
4. It should be twisted and barbed salvage at top and
bottom.
5. It must be securely fastened to rigid metal or
reinforced concrete.
6. It must reach within 2 inches of hard ground or
paving.
7. On soft ground, it must reach below surface deep
enough to compensate for shifting soil or sand.

B. BARBED WIRE FENCE

1. Standard barbed wire is twisted, double – strand, 12
gauge wire with 4 point barbs spaces on equal distance
apart.
2. Barbed wire fencing should not be less than 7 feet
high excluding top guard.
3. Barbed wire fencing must be firmly affixed to post
high excluding top guard.
4. The distance between strands will not exceed 6 inches
and midway between parts.

C. CONCERTINA WIRE FENCE

1. Standard concertina barbed wire is commercially
manufactured wire coil of high strength steel barbed
wire clipped together at intervals to form a cylinder.
2. Opened concertina wire is 50 feet long and 3 feet in
diameter.

B. BUILDING WALL

Wall, floor, roof or their combination serve also as

barriers and they should be of such construction to provide
uniform protection just like wire fencing.

Masonry walls as perimeter barrier should have the

same heights as the chain link and surmounted by the barbed
wire top guards; if the height of the masonry is less than
the prescribed, additional chain link as “topping”.

Wall can be made of stone slabs like adobe or hollow

bound by concrete with post at regular intervals to prevent
the wall from toppling due to wind, or scouring facilities,
security must sit down with design engineers so that area
where sensitive activity will be done should be given
special emphasis in protective walls.

C. BODIES OF WATER

Bodies of water like river, lake, marsh, cataract, sea

pond or any other bodies of water forming a part of the
wall, building or fencing should never be considered
adequate natural perimeter barrier. Additional security
measures like wire fence, concreter walling, security
patrolling and floodlighting at night may be necessary for
the portions of the perimeter.

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PERIMETER BARRIER OPENING

1. GATES AND DOORS – when not in use and controlled by

guards, gates and doors in the perimeter should be
locked and frequently inspected by guards. Preferably,
the lock should be changed at least once a year.

2. SIDE – WALK ELEVATORS – these provide access to areas

within the perimeter barrier and should be locked and
guarded.

3. UTILITIES OPENING – sewers, air intakes, exhaust

tunnels and other utility openings which penetrate the
barrier and which have cross sectional areas of 96
square inches or more should be protected by bars,
grills, water filled traps or other structural means
providing equivalent protection to that portion of
the perimeter barriers.

4. CLEAR ZONES – an obstructed area or a “clear zone”

should be maintained on both sides of the perimeter
barrier. A clear zone of 20 feet or more is desirable
between barriers and exterior structures and natural
coves that may provide concealment for assistance to a
person seeking unauthorized entry.

SPECIFICATION ON CLEAR ZONES:

a. Clear zones of 20 feet or more should exist between
the perimeter barriers and exterior structures,
parking areas and natural or man-man features.
b. A clear zone of 50 feet or more should exist between
the perimeter barrier and structure within the
protected areas except when a building wall
constitutes part of the perimeter barrier.

SECURITY SPECIFICATION FOR WINDOWS OR OPENING:

Windows or opening less than 18 feet above ground,
roof, ledges, etc. or less than 14 feet directly or
diagonally opposite uncontrolled windows in other walls,
fire escapes or other opening of 96 square inches or larger
should be grilled or have steel bar protections.

ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES

1. TOP GUARD – Is an additional outwardly inclined fixed

structure usually made of barbed wires placed above a
vertical fence at 45 degrees angle will increase
protection from intruders to a certain area. This
increases the protective height and prevents easy
access.

 The minimum breaking system should be at least 500

lbs., the overall width of the material should be at
least ¾ inch and the tape should have at least 7/16
inch barb spaced ½ inch interval along each side.

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2. GUARD CONTROL STATIONS – this is normally provided at

the main perimeter entrance to secure areas located
out – of – doors, and manned by guards on full – time
basis. Sentry station should be near a perimeter for
surveillance at the entrance.

3. TOWER GUARD – this is a house – like structure above

the perimeter barriers. The higher the tower, the more
visibility it provides. It gives a psychological
unswerving effect to violators. By and large guard
towers, whether permanent or temporary, must have a
corresponding support force in the event of need.
Towers as well as guard control stations should have
telephones, intercoms, and if possible two-way radios
connected to security headquarters or office to call
for reserves in the event of need.

4. BARRIER MAINTENANCE – fencing barriers and protective

walls should always be regularly inspected by
security. Any sign or attempts to break in should be
reported for investigation. Destruction of fence or
sections thereof should be repaired immediately and
guard vigilance should be increased.

5. PROTECTION IN DEPTH – in large open areas or ground

where fencing or walling is impractical and expensive,
warning signs should be conspicuously placed. The
depth itself is protection reduction of access roads,
and sufficient notices to warn intruders should be
done. Use of animals as guards and intrusion devise
can also be good as barriers.

6. SIGNS AND NOTICES – “control signs” should be erected

where it is necessary in the management of
unauthorized ingress to preclude accidental entry.
Signs should be plainly visible and legible from any
approach and in an understandable language or dialect.

PROTECTIVE LIGHTING

The idea that lighting can provide improve protection

for people and facilities is as old as civilization.
Protective lighting is the single most cost-effective
deterrent to crime because it creates a psychological
deterrent to the intruders.

 DARKNESS – is an ally of potential intruders and must

be approximately assessed to limit hiding places.

PURPOSES OF PROTECTIVE LIGHTING

a. It provides sufficient illumination to the areas
during hours of darkness.
b. Lighting can help improve visibility so that intruder
can be seen and identified and, if possible,
apprehended.
c. It serves as deterrent to would – be thieves.

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TYPES OF PROTECTIVE LIGHTING

1) CONTINUOUS LIGHTING – the most familiar type of

outdoor security lighting, this is designed to provide
two specific results, glare projection and controlled
lighting. It consists of a series of fixed luminaries
at range to flood a given area continuously during the
hours of darkness.

a. GLARE – PROJECTION TYPE – the intensity is focus

to the intruder while the observer or guard
remained in the comparative darkness, the
lighting is toward of the approach of an entrance
to an installation.

b. CONTROLLED LIGHTING – the lighting is focused on

the pile of items, rather than the background.
The width of the lighted strip can be controlled
and adjusted to suit the security needs.

c. STANDBY LIGHTING – it is designed for reserve or

standby use or to supplement continuous systems.
A standby system can be most useful to
selectively light a particular area in an
occasional basis.

2) MOVABLE OR PORTABLE LIGHTING - this system is manually

operated and is usually made up of movable search or
it locations which will require lighting only for a
short period of time.

3) EMERGENCY LIGHTING – this system is used in times of

power failure or other emergencies when other system
are inoperative.

TYPES OF LIGHTING EQUIPMENT

Four types of lighting equipment are generally used or

associated with security lighting. These are:

1) FLOODLIGHT – this can be used to accommodate most

outdoor security lighting needs, including the
illumination of boundaries, fences and buildings and
for the emphasis of vital areas or particular
buildings.

2) STREET LIGHT – this lighting equipment received the

most widespread notoriety for it value in reducing
crime.

3) SEARCH LIGHT – this are highly focused incandescent

lamp and are designed to pinpoint potential trouble
spots.

4) FRESNEL LIGHT – this is wide beam units, primary used

to extend the illumination in long, horizontal strips
to protect the approaches to the perimeter barrier.

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Fresnel projects a narrow, horizontal beam that is

approximately 180 degrees in the horizontal and from
15 to 30 degrees in the vertical plane.

GENERAL CONSIDERATION IN PROTECTIVE LIGHTING

In planning a protective lighting system, the owner of

the installation or his security director must give
specific consideration to the following areas:

1) The determination of lighting needs must be dependent

upon the threat, perimeter extremities, surveillance,
and available guard forces.
2) Protective lighting must be designed to discourage
unauthorized entry and to facilitate detection of
intruders approaching or attempting to gain entry into
protected areas.
3) The protective lighting must be continuously operates
during periods of reduced visibility, and that standby
lighting is maintained and periodically tested for
used during times of emergency and mobilization
alerts.
4) Cleaning and replacement of lamps and luminaries,
particularly with respect to costs and means required.
5) The effects of local weather conditions may be a
problem in cases where fluorescent units are used.
6) Fluctuating or erratic voltages in the primary power
sources.
7) Requirements for grounding of fixtures and use of
common ground on an entire line to provide a stable
ground potential.

AREAS TO BE LIGHTED
 Perimeter fence
 Building face perimeter

 PEDESTRIAN GATE – should be lighted about 25 feet on

either side of the gate if possible and the range for
vehicular gates should be twice that of street
lighting is recommended in these application, but
floodlights can also be used if glare is strictly
controlled.

 VEHICULAR GATE – normally manned by guard inspecting

credentials, as well as inspecting for contraband or
stolen property, it is critical that the area to be
lighted to at least one foot candle.

 PARKING AREA – this includes vital building, storage

depots, and vulnerable control points in communication
power, light and ware distribution system.

 THOROUGHFARE – used for pedestrian, vehicles or

forklift should be lighted to 0.01 candles for
security purposes.

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 Storage, large opened working areas, piers, docks, and

other sensitive areas.

ALARM

An alarm is an aural or visual signal given by the

annunciator to security when intruder actuates device in a
protected area. An annunciator is a visual or audible
signaling device which initiates conditions of associated
circuits.

Basically alarm systems are designed to alert security

personnel to consummated or attempted intrusions into an
area, building or compound. Each type of alarm is
activities in the event that an intruder tempers with the
circuitry, a beam or radiated waves. Intrusion alarm can be
electrical, mechanical or electronics. Alarms are also used
for fire, smoke or other emergencies and presence of other
hazards.

 PROTECTIVE ALARM
It assists the security in detecting, impeding or
deterring potential security threat in the installation.
Basically, its function is to alert the security personnel
for any attempt of intrusion into a protected area,
building or compound. Each type of alarm activated in the
event that an intruder tamper circuitry, a beam or radiated
waves, in short intrusion alarms can be electrical,
mechanical or electronics.

On the other hand, the use of communication equipment

in the installation helps security in upgrading its
operational efficiency and effectiveness.

THREE BASIC PARTS OF ALARM SYSTEM

1) SENSOR OR TRIGGER DEVICE – it emits the aural or

visual signals or both.

2) TRANSMISSION LINE – a circuit which transmit the

message to the signaling apparatus.

3) ENUNCIATOR – it is the signaling system that activates

the alarm.

TYPES OF PROTECTIVE ALARM SYSTEM

a. Central Station System
b. Propriety System
c. Local Alarm
d. Auxiliary Alarm
e. Local Alarm By Chance System
f. Dial Alarm System

KINDS OF ALARM
a. Audio Detection Device
b. Vibration Detection Device
c. Metallic Foil Or Wire

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d. Laser Beam Alarm

e. Photoelectric Or Electric Eye Device
f. Microwave Motion Detection Device

 FOOT RAIL ACTIVATOR

Foot rail activator is place on the floor in such
position that tellers may activate the alarm by placing the
front of their foot to engage the activation bar.
Foot rail do not acquire obvious use of the teller’s
hand and their hands may kept in full view of the robbers
for reason of safety, because foot rail can be activated
very obtrusively.

 Disadvantage
Tellers with platform shoes, itchy feet, or using
brooms and other articles will often inadvertently cause a
false alarm.

 BILL TRAPS
Bill traps or currency activation device are usually
place in the teller’s cash drawer and connected to the
alarm system using a wire connector. When currency is
removed from the device, the alarm is activated.

The advantage of these devices is that the robbers

themselves frequently remove the currency and activate the
alarm. This is particularly helpful when the employees are
immediately force to leave their stations without having
the opportunity to activate the alarm safely.

 KNEE OR THIGH BUTTON

This is installed inside the desk or teller station
which can be activated by knee or thigh pressure. They
commonly found in location where personnel usually perform
their duties from seated position.

 FOOT BUTTON
Like the foot rail permit alarm activation relatively
safely while both hands remain clear from the view of the
robbers.

 DOUBLE SQUEEZE BUTTONS

Required pressure on both side of the device and
therefore the probability of accidental alarm is reduced.

UTILIZATION OF ALARM DEVICES

The selection of proper alarm system is not a simple

matter, because the needs of each installation are
different, like a set of fingerprints. Some factors that
determine the requirements of the installation will include
the following:

1) Nature of the area or installation

2) Critically of the area or complex
3) Vulnerability of the area or complex
4) Accessibility
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5) Location of installation and areas to be protected

6) Constructions and types of buildings
7) Hours of normal operations
8) Availability of other types of protection
9) Initial and recurring cost of installed alarm system
10) Design and salvage value of desired equipment
11) Response time of the security force and local
police
12) Savings in manpower and money for a period of
time if alarm is used

PROTECTIVE LOCKS AND KEY CONTROL

Lock is one of the most widely used physical security

devices in the asset protection program of an installation.
It complements other physical safeguards of the
installation against any possible surreptitious entry.
However, the owner of the installation or his security
officer needs to understand the weaknesses and strength of
each type of lock including door, window or walls to be
used to achieve maximum benefit from its application. This
is because highly skilled burglars more often concentrate
on the lock and its surrounding mechanism in order to make
a forcible entry. It is for this obvious reasons that locks
are considered as delaying devices which cannot really top
a determine intruder from destroying the lock just to
launch the attack. Hence, knowledge of the basic principles
of locking systems will enable the installation owner or
the security officer to evaluate any lock and determine its
quality and effectiveness in a particular application.

 LOCK – defined as a mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or

electronic device designed to prevent entry into a
building, room, container or hiding place.

TYPES OF LOCK

1) Key operated mechanical lock

FOUR GENERAL GROUPS AND KEY CONTROL

a. Disk tumbler lock
b. Pin tumbler lock
c. Lever tumbler lock
d. The warded lock

2) PADLOCK – is a detachable lock having a sliding hasp

which passes through a staple ring and secures
fixtures and other storage containers.

3) COMBINATION LOCK – For installation in safe and bank

vault, it can have an intricate system of at least 1
million possible combinations consisting of more than
six dials, it affords the maximum delay in term of
efficiency.

4) CODE-OPERATED LOCK – They are key less locks. They are

opened by pressing a series of buttons in proper

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sequence. In several designs, time locks are operated

when the series is incorrectly entered.

5) ELECTRO MAGNETIC LOCK – The doors are closed by

magnetism and plates are operated by means of
electricity. When the power is on and the door is
locked, it can resist a pressure of more than 1,000
lbs.

6) CARD-OPERATED LOCK – Utilized card which are coded in

notched, embedded or electro magnetic strips. It is
fitted with a recording device which identifies the
user and indicates the time of use.

TYPES OF KEY

1) CHANGE KEY – a key to a single lock within a system of

locks in an installation.
2) SUB-MASTER KEY – a key that will open a lock within a
particular grouping or particular area in a given
facility.
3) MASTER KEY – a key that is capable of opening series
of locks.
4) GRAND MASTER KEY – a key that will open everything in
a system involving two or more master key groups.

 PETERMAN – A term used in England for lock pickers,

safe combination crackers and penetrators or
restricted areas.

STATUTORY PROHIBITION OF KEY

ART 304 (REVISED PENAL CODE) - Possession of Picklocks or

similar tools

Any person who shall without lawful cause have in

possession of picklocks or similar tools especially to the
commission of the crime or robbery, shall be punished by
arresto mayor in its maximum period to prison correctional
in its maximum period.

The same penalty shall be imposed upon any person who

shall make such tool. If the offender is a locksmith, shall
suffer the penalty of prison correctional in its medium and
maximum period.

ART 305 (REVISED PENAL CODE). FALSE KEY

The term “False Key” shall be deemed to include:

a) The tool mentioned in the proceeding articles.
b) Genuine keys stolen from the owner
c) Any key other than those intended by the owner for use
in the lock forcibly opened by the offender.

SECURITY CABINET

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The final line of defense at any facility is in the

high security storage where papers, records, or cashable
instrument, precious metals or other especially valuable
assets are protected. These security containers will be of
a size and quantity, which the nature of the business
dictates.

In protecting property, it is essential to recognize

that protective containers are designed to secure against
burglary or fire. Each type of equipment has a specialized
function and it will depend on the owner of the facility
which type that is going to use.

THREE (3) TYPES OF SECURITY CABINET

A. SAFE – a metallic container used for the safekeeping

of documents or small items in an office or
installation. Safe can be classified as either robbery
or burglary resistance depending upon the use and
need.

 at least 750 lbs anchored

 any safe that weigh less than 750 lbs. should be
anchored building structure
 its body should at least one inch thick steel or equal
 safe as general rule, require the door to be made of
steel and at least 1 ½ thick

SOME TEST FOR SAFE FIRE RESISTANCE:

a) FIRE ENDURANCE – a safe should not have at any

one time a temperature above 350 degrees
Fahrenheit.

b) EXPLOSION HAZARD TEST – test to determine if

sudden rise in temperature will not cause the
safe to rupture. If the safe can withstand 2000
degrees Fahrenheit for 30 minutes and will not
crack or open, then it has passed the explosion
test.

c) FIRE AND IMPACT TEST – aimed at determining the

strength of a safe to withstand the collapse of a
building during fire.

B. VAULT – heavily constructed fire and burglar

resistance container usually a part of the building
structure used to keep and protect cash, documents and
negotiable instruments. Vaults are bigger than safe
but smaller than a file room.
 The vault door should be made of steel at least 6
inches in thickness.
 Vault walls, ceiling, floor reinforce concrete at
least 12 inches in thickness.
 Electrical conduits into the vaults should not exceed
½ inches in diameter

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 Vault floor should be higher by four inches with the

surrounding floors and if in level with the floor
buttons, storage container should be raised at least 4
inches above the floor.
 Vault should not be made part of the wall due to
moisture and condensation caused by temperature.
 Standard vaults, to reduce destroying of too much
record, should not be more than 5,000 cubic feet.
 The vault must be resistive up to 6 hours.

C. FILE ROOM – a cubicle in a building constructed a

little lighter than a vault but of bigger size to
accommodate limited people to work on the records inside.
 the file room should at most be 12 feet high
 the interior cubage should not more than 10,000 cubic
feet
 the ventilation should be through the door
 it must have a watertight door and at least fire proof
for one hour
 the supporting structure, the walls, floor and roof
should be made fire proof

 RELATIVE CRITICALITY OF OPERATION- It refers to the

importance of the establishment with reference to the
national economy and security.
 RELATIVE VULNERABILITY – It is the susceptibility of a
plant or establishment to damage, loss or disruption
of operations due to various hazards.

 PERSONNEL SECURITY

 PERSONNEL SECURITY: Includes all the security measures

designed to prevent individuals of doubtful loyalty,
character, integrity from gaining access to classified
matters and sensitive facilities. It is composed of
conducting personnel security investigation and security
education programs.

 PERSONNEL SECURITY INVESTIGATION – Is an inquiry into the

reputation, character, integrity, discretion, morals and
loyalty of an individual in order to determine a person’s
suitability for appointment or access to classified
matters.

Motives that cause people to be disloyal:

 Revenge;
 Material gain;
 Prestige (Influence);
 Ideological belief; and
 Friendship

Weakness that make people to be disloyal:

 Weakness of character;
 Jealousy;
 Gullibility;
 Indebtedness;
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 Investment;
 Addiction to narcotics;
 Alcoholism;
 Gambling problem;
 Moral depravity such as lesbianism and homosexuality.

 VIP SECURITY – Also referred to as Personal Security, it

utilized in the protection of personnel especially high
ranking official, foreign dignitaries, and prominent
private individuals from harm, kidnapping, and other
similar threats. In the practice of industrial security
the term Security Executive Protection is synonymous
overall surrounding must be carefully scrutinized to
arrive at a well rounded security program.

 SECURITY EDUCATION – The exposure and teaching of

employees on security and its relevance of the building
structure used to keep and protect cash, documents and
negotiable instrument.

 SECURITY EDUCATION PROGRAM – A program given to

employees of an installation by lecture and other
means pertaining to measures and safeguard to be taken
to protect the interest of the installation for loss,
damage, sabotage, pilferage, and other criminal acts.

SECURITY EDUCATION IS COMPOSED OF SEVEN PHASES NAMELY:

 Initial Interview;
 Training Conference;
 Security Reminders;
 Security Promotion;
 Special Interview;
 Refresher Conference; and
 Debriefing

 DOCUMENT SECURITY

 DOCUMENT SECURITY - It is the branch of security involved

in the protection of documents and classified papers from
loss, access by unauthorized person, theft, damage, and
compromise through disclosure.

 The term Document in security matters, covers any form of

recorded information either printed, written, drawn,
painted, sounds recording, film, maps, etc. The object is
to secure and control the sensitive information contained
therein so as not to prejudice the firm, company or
agency.

 CLASSIFIED INFORMATION - It includes all information

concerning document, cryptographic devices developed
projects and materials following on the categories of Top
Secret, Confidential, Restricted, Secret, Unclassified.

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 CLASSIFY - This refers to the assigning of information or

material, one of the four security categories after
determination has been made that the information requires
the security protection as provided.

DOCUMENT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

1. TOP SECRET
2. SECRET
3. CONFIDENTIAL
4. RESTRICTED

TYPES OF BUSINESS RECORD AND CATEGORIES

1. CLASS A – Vital Records

2. CLASS B – Useful Records
3. CLASS C – Important Records
4. CLASS D - Non Essential Records

OTHER IMPORTANT TERMS:

 DECLASSIFY - The act of removing the security

classification from classified information or matter.

 RECLASSIFY - It refers to the act of changing the

assigned classification from classified information or
matter.

 UPGRADING - It refers to the act of assigning the

information or matter to the higher classification than
that previously assigned to it.

NEED TO KNOW:

It is the dissemination of classified information or

matter to be limited strictly to those people whose
duties requires knowledge or possession thereof.

 COMPARTMENTATION - It refers to the grant of access to

the classified matter only to properly cleared person
when such classified information is required in the
performance of their official duties.

 COMPROMISE - This takes place through the loss of

security which results from unauthorized persons
obtaining knowledge of classified matters

 PURGING - The process of destroying a document which is

no longer significant in the organization

PROTECTION OF SENSITIVE MATERIALS

In the business community it is seldom heard about

the protection of such information which we believe should
be given enough protection. In the security protection, a
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security professional should deal with this squarely and

fairly as in other security aspects like physical security
and personnel. In our discussion, we will try to
understand why this should be and what kind of information
should be given ample protection and distinguish them from
one another. Also, why and in what way we are losing them.

 WHAT IS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION?

Information which in some special way relates to the

status of activities of the possessor and over which the
possessor asserts ownership.

WHAT KIND OF INFORMATION NEEDS PROTECTION?

 TRADE SECRET

A Trade secret may consist of any formula,

pattern, device or compilation of information which is
used in one's business and which gives one an
opportunity to gain an advantage over competitors who
do not know or use it. It may be a formula for a
chemical compound, a process of manufacturing, treating
or preserving materials, a pattern for a machine or
other device, or a list of customers.

TRADE SECRET MEANS INFORMATION INCLUDING A FORMULA,

PATTERN, COMPILATION, PROGRAM, DEVICE, METHOD, TECHNIQUE
OR PROCESS THAT:

1. Derives independent economic value, actual or

potential To being generally known to, and not
being readily ascertainable by proper means, by
other persons who can obtain economic value from
its disclosure or use, and
2. is the subject of efforts that are reasonable under
the circumstances to maintain its secrecy.
The definition of "trade secret" contains a
reasonable departure from the Restatement of Torts
definition which required that a trade secret be
"continuously used in one's business". The broader
definition in the proposed Act extends protection
to a plaintiff who has not yet had an opportunity
or acquired the means to put a trade secret to use

 WHAT IS SECRET?

This question is taken up first because it is

relevant even in cases where the data involved are not
trade secrets but merely simple facts. If information
is not novel or secret, it is not entitled to any
protection; it is the property of everyone and it is
domain.

 DISCLOSURE MUST KNOW THE INFORMATION IS CONFIDENTIAL

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Any company may require employees not to disclose any

information about the company not already known outside,
whether such information is a trade secret or not.

 WHAT IS PATENT?

Patent is grant made by government to an inventor,

conveying and securing to him the exclusive rights to
make, use and sell his invention for a term of 20
years.

 SECURITY HAZARDS

Any acts or conditions which may result in the

compromise of information, loss of life, loss or
destruction of property or disruption of the objective of
the installation.

 PILFERAGE - Act of stealing small things or items of

little value, especially habitually.

TWO TYPES OF PILFERER

1. CASUAL PILFERER
2. SYSTEMATIC PILFERER

 SABOTAGE - Deliberate destruction or the deliberate

damaging or destroying of property or equipment.

 ESPIONAGE - The activity of spying or the use of spying

or spies to gather secret information. It is a hazard
because people may come to know the confidential
processes or procedures of a certain organization or
business establishment.

 SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES

These are activities designed to overthrow the

government or intended or likely to undermine or
overthrow a government or other institutions. It
results to the disruption of the normal operations of
an institution or organization

 SECURITY SURVEY

The basic instrument for determining security

vulnerability. Critical on-site examination and analysis
of an industrial plant, business, a home or public or
private institution done to ascertain the facility's
current security status. This complements security survey
in its attempt to prevent losses of company properties.

TWO TYPES OF SECURITY SURVEY CONFERENCE

A. ENTRANCE CONFERENCE
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B. EXIT CONFERENCE

 SECURITY INSPECTION

This is conducted to check on the degree of

compliance with the recommended countermeasures and to
determine the effectiveness and adequacy of the
countermeasures which are in effect.

THE PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCY LAW

ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF SECURITY GUARD FORCE

The 2003 Revised Rules and Regulations implementing

Republic Act No. 5487 (As amended).

Pursuant to Section 17 of RA 5487, as amended Section

24, 25 and 26 of Executive # 262, and in consultation with
the Philippine Association of Detective and Protective
Agency Operators, Incorporated (PADPAO), these are revised
rules and regulations governing the organization and
operation of private security agencies, company security
forces and government security units.

Scope includes originally promulgated rules and newly

introduced rules and regulation designed to professionalize
the security industry. Substantial revision were made and
introduced due to the professionalization process that PNP
has envisioned for our private security industry in order
to make the security business a more credible and reliable
sector of our community.

The new provision includes rules on the utilization of

security personnel in which the types of services is to be
provided, such as post service, conduction service, armored
service and other security service. The training program
for private personnel was expanded aimed at developing the
skills and knowledge to suit current and future
application. Hence, it is now include specialized courses
on Intelligence and Investigation, Basic Crisis Management,
Bomb Disposal Training, Bank Security Training and Basic
Aviation Security.

 RA 5487 – the act that regulates the organization and

operation of private detective, watchman and security
guard agencies in the Philippines. This act was approved
on June 13, 1969. It is otherwise known as “The Private
Security Agency Law” has been amended by PD # 100 dated
January 17, 1973.

 RA 7641 – an act amending Article 287 of PD # 442 as

amended, otherwise known as the Labor Code of the
Philippines, providing for the retirement pay to
qualified private sector employees in the absence of any
retirement plan in the establishment.
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- In the absence of a retirement plan or agreement

providing for retirement benefits of employees in
the establishment, an employee upon reaching the age
of sixty (60) years or more, but not beyond sixty –
five (65) years which hereby declared the compulsory
retirement age, who has served at least five years
(5) in the said establishment may retire and shall
be entitled to retirement pay equivalent to at least
one half (1/2) month salary for every year of
service, a fraction of at least six (6) months being
considered as one whole year.

- Retail service and agriculture establishment or

operations employing not more than ten (10)
employees or workers are exempted from the coverage
of this provision.

- Approved December 9, 1992

 PNPSAGSD – Philippine National Police Security Agency

Guard and Supervision Division

 PNPSOSIA – Philippine National Police Supervisory Office

for Security and Investigative Agencies. This is the unit
under the Philippine National Police which is charged
with the supervision, direction and control of all
security agencies in the Philippines.

 PERSON – shall include not only natural but also

juridical persons such as single proprietorship,
corporations, companies or association, duly organized
and registered with the Security Exchange Commission
and/or the Department of Trade and Industry.

 PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICE – shall include the act of

providing or rendering service to watch an establishment
whether public or private, building, compound/area or
property, to conduct access control/denial in any form
whether physical, manually or scientifically by
electronic monitoring system, for the purpose of securing
such property and at the same time ensuring safety and
protection of person within such areas, to maintain peace
and order with in such areas, to conduct private security
training and investigation. It shall include the act of
contracting recruiting, training, furnishing or posting
any security guard, to do its function or solicit
individuals, businesses, firms, or private, public
government – owned or controlled corporation to engage a
consultant/trainer to any private or public corporation.

 PRIVATE DETECTIVE SERVICES – shall include among others

the act information gathering, pre – employment
verification and cases, insurance claims, and fraud,
child custody and protection cases, for the purpose of
assisting in gathering information leading to

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determination and/or prevention of criminal acts and/or

resolution of legal, financial and personal problems.

 PRIVATE SECURITY INDUSTRY – shall cover those in the

legitimate business of providing security and detective
services.

 SECURITY GUARD – sometimes called private security guard

or watchman shall include any person who offers or
renders personal service to watch or secure either a
residence or business establishment or both for hire or
compensation, and with a license to exercise profession.

 PRIVATE DETECTIVE – shall mean any person who does

detective work for hire, reward or commission, or other
than members of the AFP, Guard of the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology, Municipal or city jail guards,
and members of the PNP or of any other law enforcement
agency of the government.

 PRIVATE SECURITY PERSONNEL – shall be natural person

which include private security guards, private
detectives, security consultant, security officers and
others that may be classified later, rendering performing
security and/or detective services as employed by private
security agencies and/or private firms.

 GOVERNMENT SECURITY PERSONNEL – shall be natural persons

which include government security guards, detective,
security consultant, security officers and others that
may be classified later except those of the PNP, PNP,
BJMP, Municipal or City Jail Guards rendering/performing
security and/or detective services as employed by
government entities.

 PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCY (PSA) – shall mean any person

association, partnership, firm or private corporation,
who contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or post any
security guard, to perform its function or solicits
individuals, businesses, firms, or private, public or
government – owned or controlled corporation to engage
his/its service or those of his/its security guards, for
hire, commission or compensation thru subscription or as
consultant/trainer to any private or public corporation
whose business or transaction involve national security
or interest like the operation and/or management of
domestic or ocean vessels, airplanes, helicopters,
seaports, airports, landing strips etc., or as consultant
on any security related matter. Or to provide highly
specialized security, detective and investigation
services like gangway security, catering security,
passenger profiling, baggage examination, providing
security on board vessels or aircraft, or other security
needs that PNPSAGSD may approve.

 PRIVATE DETECTIVE AGENCY (PDA) – shall mean any person,

association, partnership, firm or private corporation,
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who contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or post any

private detective to perform its functions or solicits
individuals, businesses, firms, or private, public or
government – owned or controlled corporation to engage
his/its service or those of his/its detective for hire,
commission or compensation thru subscription or as
consultant/trainer to any private or public corporation
or as consultant on any detective related matter, or to
provide highly specialized detective and investigation
services, or other detective needs that PNPSAGSD – CSG
may approve.

 LICENSE TO EXERCISE PROFESSION – shall mean any document

issued by the Chief PNP or his duly authorized
representative recognizing a person to be qualified to
perform his duties as private security or training
personnel.

 LICENSE TO OPERATE (LTO) – is license certificate

document, issued by the CPNP or his duly authorized
representative, authorizing a person to engage in
employing security guard or detective, or a juridical
person to establish, engage, direct, manage or operated
an individual or a private detective agency or private
security agency/company security force after payment of
the prescribed dues or fees as provided.

 COMPANY GUARD FORCE (CFG) - It is a security force

maintained and operated by any private
company/corporation for its own security requirements.

 GOVERNMENT GUARD UNIT (GGU) - It is a security unit

maintained and operated by any government entity other
than military and/or police, which is established and
maintained for the purpose of securing the office or
compound and/or extension of the government entity.

 PNP – as used herein mean the Philippine National Police,

which was organized pursuant to the provision of RA 6975
otherwise known as the National Police Act of 1991.

 SAGSD – as used herein shall refer to the current PNP

Civil Security Group – Security Agency and Guard
Supervision Division or any other PNP office that may be
designated later as the primary office for supervision of
the implementation of these rules and regulations.

 PADPAO – refers to the Philippine Association of

Detective and Protective Operators, Inc., which is an
association of all licensed security agencies and company
security forces.

- Authorized to issue the implementing rules and

regulations pertaining to RA 5487.

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 DUTY DETAIL ORDER – is a written order/schedule issued by

a superior officer usually the private security
agency/branch manager or operation officers to security
guard and detective.

A. WHO MAY ORGANIZE AND MAINTAIN PSA AND PDA?

Any Filipino citizen or a corporation, partnership, or

association, one hundred percent (100%) of which is owned
and controlled by Filipino citizens may organize and
maintain a private security agency or private detective
agency.

B. BASIC AGE REQUIREMENTS OF AN OPERATOR OR MANAGER OF

AGENCY
Not less than twenty five (25) years of age.

C. NEW APPLICANT FOR LICENSE TO OPERATE

Minimum capitalization of one million (1,000,000) with
a minimum bank deposit of five hundred thousand
(500,000) pesos in order to start its business.

D. MEMBERSHIP
No regular license shall be granted to any private
security agency unless it has minimum of two hundred
(200) licensed private security personnel under its
employment. No regular license shall be granted to any
company guard force or private detective agency unless
it has a minimum of thirty (30) licensed private
security personnel under its employment. The maximum
number of private security personnel that a
PSA/CGF/PDA may employ shall be one thousand (1000).
The validity of LTO is two (2) years.

E. APPLICATION OF LTO
The application shall contain the full name of the
applicant, his age, civil status, his residence and
location of business. New applicant – applicant from
NCR may file their application for license to exercise
profession with the personnel licensing section,
SAGSD, Civil Security Group, Camp Crame, Quezon City.
Applicants from the province may file their
application with the Firearms, Explosives, Security
Agencies and Guards Sections (FESAGS), Regional
Operation and Plan Division (ROPD) of the Police
Regional Office concerned.

F. RENEWAL OF LICENSE TO OPERATE

All applications for renewal of license to operate
shall filed at least sixty (60) days before the expiry
date of LTO subject of the renewal application
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filed/accepted thereafter shall penalized for late

filing. In addition, no application shall approved
unless a certification is issued by FED-CSG to the
effect that all licensed firearms of the agency
concerned are updated/renewed for at least one (1)
year forthcoming during the validity of the renewed
LTO.

G. PAYROLL
Payroll shall be filed with the main office within
fifteen (15) days after pay day.

H. POSSESSION OF FIREARM
Ration: 1 firearm for every 2 (1:2) security guards in
its employment. No PSA/CSF/GGU shall be allowed to
possess firearms in excess of 500 units.

I. RESTRICTION TO POSSES HIGH POWERED FIREARMS

a) The firearm first be registered with the FED
before issuance and shall not be used or
transferred in places other than those specially
authorized by the Director, CSG.
b) The total number of high powered firearms that an
agency or security force/unit is authorized to
posses shall not exceed ten percent (10%) of the
total number of security guards of watchmen in
its employ.

J. STOCKING OF AMMUNITION
PSA shall not exceed fifty (50) rounds of ammunition
per unit of duly licensed firearms. Individual issue
to each security guard shall be limited to one half of
such basic load of twenty five (25) rounds for every
security guard.

 SECURITY GUARD FORCE

- Is a group of forces of men selected, trained or

grouped into functional unit for the purpose of
protecting operational process from disruption which
would impede efficiency of halt operations at a
particular plant, facility, installations or special
activities.

TYPES OF SECURITY GUARD FORCE

1) COMPANY GUARD FORCE

2) PRIVATE SECURITY GUARD FORCE
3) GOVERNMENT GUARD FORCE

QUALIFICATIONS OF PRIVATE DETECTIVES

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Any person applying for employment as private

detective shall in addition to the qualifications of
security guard, posses any of the following qualifications:

1) Bachelor of Laws Degree

2) Graduate of BS Criminology
3) Graduate of a Criminal Investigation Course offered by
the PNP, NBI, Police Training Center, and Private
Detective Agency Training School recognized and
authorized by the government.
4) Officers and enlisted men and policemen honorably
discharged from the service not otherwise disqualified
by the RA 5487.

 PERMIT – a document issued by the CPNP or his duly

authorized representatives authorizing a person to engage
in the occupation, calling or employment of watchman,
security guard or private detective after payment of dues
or fees.

FIREARMS/WEAPONS AUTHORIZED FOR USED BY THE SECURITY GUARD

WHILE ON DUTY
 Handgun
 Shotgun
 Riot gun of prescribed caliber

BASIC THREE WEAPONS OF SECURITY GUARD

 Firearm
 Handcuff
 Nightstick

JUSTIFICATION FOR A GUARD’S FIREARMS TO BE CONFISCATED

 When firearm is to be used or being used in the
commission of crime
 If carried while guard is not on tour of duty
 There is written court order
 Firearm is carried outside the property, compound or
establishment serviced by the agency without proper
authority.

 MISSION ORDER – is a written instruction issued by the

agency to its guard to perform lawful activity at
specific time, place and date. It shall include the make,
model and serial number of the firearm issued to the
guard and the name of the operation officer or manager of
the agency.

 INDUSTRIAL GUARD FORCE AND GUARD SYSTEM


TYPICAL STRUCTURE OF SECURITY ORGANIZATION
The security force of any installation must be
organized in accordance with the principles of
responsibility and authority. Each personnel must be
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assigned to a position which corresponds to his experience,

skills, training and knowledge. This is to carry out
different functions efficiently and effectively and thus
insures smooth flow of the organization. The security
positions may be classified into the following:

A. OFFICE OF THE GENERAL MANAGER/SECURITY DIRECTOR

a) The office of the General Manager/Security

Director is vested the authority and
responsibility of running the security force by
authority of the President of the Company or
Corporation.
b) The General Manager/Security Director is directly
responsible to the President of the
Company/Corporation in the operations and
administration of the security force.
c) He is the principal adviser to the president on
matters involving security operations and
administration of the security force.
d) He is the overall head of both various staff
departments and field units where he may delegate
corresponding authority commensurate to their
assigned responsibility.
e) He implements policies promulgated by the policy
making body as executed by the president.
f) He directs controls and supervise all offices and
field units of the force in their respective
assigned tasks.
g) He performs other functions as directed by the
President of the Company/Corporation.

B. OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY OF THE GENERAL

MANAGER

a) He is the principal administrative assistant to

the General Manager/Security Director.
b) He prepares communications initiated by the
General Manager/Security Director.
c) He maintains records of scheduled conferences,
appointments and other engagements and advises of
the GM/SD of such activities.
d) He records and checks outgoing communications
signed by the GM/SD as to its completeness as
well as to ensure the timely dispatch to the
addressee through the administrative section.
e) To perform other duties as directed by the
General Manager/Security Director.

C. OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT GENERAL MANAGER/ SECURITY

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

a) The security executive director is the assistant

manager of the security force and takes the
operational and administrative management of the
-He is directly responsible to the GM/SD.
b) He performs other duties as directed by GM/SD.

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D. OFFICE OF THE HUMAN RESOURCES AND ADMINISTRATIVE

MANAGER/STAFF DIRECTOR FOR PERSONNEL AND
ADMINISTRATION

a) Personnel strengths
b) Replacement
c) Discipline, law and order
d) Morale and personnel services
e) Personnel procedures
f) Interior management
g) Personnel adviser

E. OFFICE OF THE OPERATIONS MANAGER/STAFF DIRECTOR FOR

OPERATIONS
This office is the principal staff on Operations,
Training, Intelligence and Investigation.

F. OFFICE OF THE FINANCE

This office is principally concerned with
budgeting, finance, reports control and program review
and analysis. Exercises supervision over the
management engineering activities of the company and
the accounting office. Renders advise, assistance and
guidance to GM/SD on financial management. Specific
duties and functions of the Finance Office are:

a) Accounting
b) Credit and collection
c) Bookkeeping
d) Billing
e) Payroll
f) Disbursing

G. OFFICE OF THE LOGISTIC MANAGER

This office is in charge of the following:

a) Coordinates plans and supervise the

implementation of directives
b) Develops, administer, and coordinates research
and development on logistical matters
c) Collects computes and evaluates statistical data
on logistical matters
d) Recommends logistics budget policy including
budget planning
e) Prepares estimates and/or requirements to ensure
that logistical plans support for corporate
plans.
f) Performs necessary program and fiscal
administration.
g) Supervise all matters pertaining to supply.
h) Determine the allocation of service personnel.
i) Plan for maintenance and repair of equipment.

H. OFFICE OF THE INSPECTORATE AND SPECIAL PROJECTS

(SPECIAL STAFF)

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This office assists the general manager in

inquiring into, and reports upon matters pertaining to
the performance of the different staff, units, towards
the attainment of corporate objectives. It also
inquires on the state discipline, efficiency and
economy of the company. The Inspectorate Staff
conducts inspections, investigations and submits
reports to the General Manager. In the performance of
its duties and functions, the GM is provided relevant
information pertaining to meritorious conduct and
performance of a unit or individual. This office is
also tasked to conduct overt and covert inspections
and investigations and other related services.

I. OFFICE OF THE COMMUNICATIONS OFFICER

The communications officers who is a licensed
radio operator is the principal adviser of the GM on
communication matters particularly radio
communication. He is responsible directly to the GM.

J. THE DETACHMENT COMMANDER/OFFICER – IN – CHARGE

A detachment commander shall command and be
responsible for a certain detachment with fifteen (15)
or more security personnel under him. He is directly
responsible to the Security Manager of the
installation

a) He prepares and executes the security plan of his

Detachment in relation to the security
requirements of the establishment being guarded.
b) He is responsible for the enforcement and
implementation of rules and regulations/policies.
c) He receives instructions from the Security
Manager and implements the same as required.
d) He has full operational and administrative
control of all his units to include his assistant
and shift-in-charge/supervisor.
e) He conducts inspection of his units and
institutes corrective measures on the spot on
those problems he may detect or brought to his
attention. If not possible, he brings the problem
to the Security Manager of the establishment.

K. ASSISTANT DETACHMENT COMMANDER

Detachment with more than twenty (20) security

personnel assigned may be provided with an Assistant
Detachment Commander who will be the principal
assistant of the detachment commander.
In the absence of DC, he performs the duties of
the DC.

L. SHIFT-IN-CHARGE

a) The shift-in-charge shall be responsible to the

DC as far as the shift is concerned.

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b) He forms his men at least 30 minutes before

posting time seeing to it that all are in proper
uniform and presentable.
c) He disseminates instructions coming from his
DC/OIC or those relayed to him by his counter
part, the outgoing SIC.
d) He inspects the post as often as he can to ensure
that his men are on the alert and performing
their duties effectively.
e) He performs other duties as may be directed by
the DC or by the ADC.

M. SECURITY GUARD ON DUTY/POST

a) The Security Guard (SG) on Duty/post must always

carry his license to practice his profession,
photocopy of the firearm’s license assigned to
him and his duty detail order, authorizing him to
carry his issued firearm within his area of
jurisdiction.
b) If the SG is manning a fixed post especially
entrance or exit points, he must maintain a
guard’s logbook and enters the same logbook all
events/passages of VIP’s vehicles and inspections
or visits of Security Manager/Director of the
Client/Firm
c) Guard must observe and apply religiously the
provisions of the Code of Ethics, Code of Conduct
and the General Orders of the Security Guard when
on post.
d) He may perform special task as may be directed by
his shift supervisor, DC and or ADC, like control
of visitors, inspections of bags of persons
coming in and going out of the establishment,
vehicle cargoes, or prevents the intrusion of
unauthorized person in a particular area, etc.

SELECTION OF GUARD

 RA 5487 and its implementing rules and regulations

prescribed the minimum requirements for guard to be able
to secure a license to exercise profession as a security
guard, private detective, security officers and security
consultant.

BASIC QUALIFICATIONS OF AN AGENCY OPERATOR/MANAGER AGENCY

a) The operator or manager of an agency including,

managers of branch offices, must be:

1) Filipino Citizen;
2) Not be less than 25 years of age;
3) College graduate and/or a commissioned officer,
inactive or retired service or retired from AFP
or PNP.

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4) Has taken a course/seminar on industrial security

management and/or must have adequate training or
experience in the security business; and
5) Good moral character

b) New applicant for license to operate shall be required

to obtain minimum capitalization of one million pesos
(1,000,000) with a minimum bank deposit of five
hundred thousand pesos (500,000) in order to start its
business operation.

BASIC QUALIFICATIONS OF A SECURITY CONSULTANT

1) Filipino Citizen;
2) Physically fit;
3) Holder of Master Degree of Criminology, MPA, MNSA,
Industrial Management or Ll.B
4) Must have at least ten (10) years experience in the
operation and management of security business;

BASIC QUALIFICATIONS OF A SECURITY OFFICER

No person shall be licensed as security officer unless

he has the following qualifications:

1) Filipino Citizen;
2) Holder of Baccalaureate Degree;
3) Physically and mentally fit; and
4) Has graduated from Security Officers Training Course
or its equivalent.

BASIC QUALIFICATIONS OF PRIVATE DETECTIVE:

No person shall be licensed as private detective

unless he possesses the following qualification:

1) Filipino Citizen;
2) Physically and mentally fit;
3) Holder of baccalaureate degree preferably Bachelor of
Law, BS Criminology:
a) Graduate of criminal investigation course offered by
the PNP or the NBI or any Police Training School, or
detective training in any authorized/recognized
training center; and
b) Advance ROTC/CMT graduate or its equivalent.

BASIC QUALIFICATIONS OF A PRIVATE SECURITY GUARD:

No person shall be licensed as security guard unless

he possesses the following qualification:

1) Filipino Citizen;
2) High School graduate;
3) Physically and mentally fit;
4) Not less than 18 years of age nor more than 50 years
old (for new applicant and SG’s in supervisory
position);and

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5) Has undergone a pre-licensing training course or its

equivalent;

DESIRABLE QUALITIES OF SECURITY GUARD

 Alertness
 Judgment
 Confidence
 Physical fitness
 Tactfulness
 Self control
 Interest
 Loyalty
 Responsible
 Trustworthy

LICENSES IN THE SECURITY PROFESSION

1) License to Operate – before a Private Security Agency

(PSA) can operate, it has to secure a License to
Operate (LTO) categorized as Temporary or Regular. A
temporary license is issued by the PNP thru Civil
Security Group Directorate after the
applicant/licensee should have complied with all the
requirements while it has less than two hundred
guards. A regular license to operate is issued to the
PSA once it is qualified of having two hundred (200)
or more license security guard in its employ duly
posted. Regular license is renewable every two (2)
years.
2) Security Guard License – before a SG can practice his
profession; he shall possess valid security license.
The use of expired license is not allowed. In case of
doubt, licenses may be verified at the PNP SAGSD
whether valid or fake.

3) Firearm’s License – all firearms of the security

agency should be covered with firearms license issued
by the PNP through its Firearms Explosive Division
under the CSG, renewable every two years. No
duplication of two or more firearms with the same make
and serial number shall be covered by one license.

GUARD’S UNIFORMS, EQUIPMENT AND PARAPHERNALIA

1) SET OF UNIFORMS FOR SECURITY PERSONNEl

a) Headgear – pershing cap for men and 2 ply cap for
women
b) Service bush jacket – intended for directorial
and staff officers
c) Service shirt
d) Service trouser
e) Service belt
f) Footwear
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2) COLOR OF UNIFORMS
a) Private Security Agency – navy blue (upper and
lower)
b) Company Security Forces – light blue/light gray
for upper and navy blue for lower
c) Government Security Forces – white for upper and
navy blue for lower

3) ORNAMENTS AND PATCHES

a) National badge
b) Cap device
c) Regulation buckle
d) Collar device
e) Name cloth
f) Agency/unit name cloth

4) EQUIPMENT AND PARAPHERNALIA

a) Leather pistol belt with regulation buckle
b) Holster, black leather for pistol
c) Night stick with horizontal handle
d) Whistle with lanyard
e) Handheld radio
f) Pocket notebook and ball pen

SECURITY COURTESY AND DISCIPLINE

Courtesy is the expression of politeness, civility and

respect or manifestation of consideration for others.
Security courtesy serves to smooth the personal
relationship between the high ranking officials, employees
and their members of the organization or agency. As a
security guard you should be familiar with the different
forms of military courtesy. Without it and respect among
the members of the organization, there would be no
discipline. If there no discipline, the organization will
be disorganized and disintegrated.

The Salute

The salute is the most common and important form of

military courtesy. It is being practiced in all
military/police and security organizations by raising the
right hand smartly until the tip of the finger touches the
right eyebrow.

RULES IN RENDERING THE HAND SALUTE

1. The Salute is required on and off security bases

during and outside office hours.
2. The professors entitled to the salute are:
a. All Commissioned Officers of the AFP, PNP
and other law enforcement agencies
b. Civilian high officials or foreign
dignitaries
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c. Colors and standards not cases

3. The salute is rendered at a distance of about 6
paces from the person saluted.
4. The salute must be returned by those entitled to
it. It is not rendered when running but at a halt
walk.
5. Never salute with a cigarette, cigar or pipe in
the mouth.
6. The salute should not be executed in haphazard or
perfunctory manner.
7. The salute is rendered once, if the senior
remains in the immediate vicinity and no
conversation takes place.
8. If a conversation takes place, the security guard
salutes the senior again when they part from each
other.

WHEN TO SALUTE

1. Reporting to an officer/ employee

2. Meeting an officer or employee
3. When the national colors passes by
4. When the national anthem is being played (outdoors only)
5. Raising and lowering of flag
6. After conversing with an officer

WHEN NOT TO SALUTE

1. When the security forces are at work

2. Indoors, except when reporting to an officer
3. When carrying articles with both hands and being so
occupied as to make saluting impracticable.
4. When attending to a vehicle.

HONORS TO THE NATIONAL ANTHEM

1. Outdoors
2. Indoors

HOW THE FLAG IS DISPLAYED IN THE FOLLOWING SITUATIONS:

1. Flagpole
2. When displayed with another flag
3. When flag is placed at a vertical manner
4. When used by military as displayed over a casket

SECURITY DISCIPLINE

Refers to the state of order and obedience among

personnel in the security organization. It is characterized
by promptness and willingness to respond to orders and
compliance to regulations.

MAINTENANCE OF DISCIPLINE

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Discipline should be internalized among the members of

the organization. It could be through instruction, pride,
tradition and regulations because ignorance of the proper
courtesy and discipline among security personnel excuses no
one.

OTHER IMPORTANT REMINDERS:

1. Observe courtesy and discipline.

2. Every happenings/ events that happen in the area of
responsibility would be summarized and written in the
logbook of the security guard. The 5Ws and 1H must be
established in order to have complete data.
3. When assuming duty, take note of the following:
a. Check all turned over materials from the security
officer to be relieved.
b. Read the log book for any information necessary
for the relieving security officer.
c. Ask the security to be relieved of any verbal
instruction not reduced into writing by the
authorities in the post
4. Conduct roving inspection before and after the turn
over.
5. Always equip yourself with writing instrument and
paper.

SECURITY GUARD DAILY SELF APPRAISAL

1. Am I punctual in all my daily office schedules,

formations, obligations and duties?
2. Am I with stout heart, intense loyalty and complete
dedication to surmount all obstacles and challenges in
the daily situations?
3. Am I fit to perform my duty for the day?
4. Am I in possession of my security license?
5. Am I in proper, neat and clean uniform (polished
insignias, belt buckles and shoes) complete with night
stick and/or firearms?
6. Am I presentable in appearance (regulations= haircut,
shaved mustached and beard and trimmed fingernails)
7. Am I fully acquainted and well-versed with the duties
and responsibilities of a security guard?
8. Am I thoroughly oriented with the special orders for
my post?

DON’T’S IN HANDLING FIREARMS FOR SECURITY GUARDS

1. Don’t carry your firearm outside the premises of your

place of work without a mission order.
2. Don’t assume that a gun is not loaded. A gun presumed
unloaded can kill.

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3. Don’t load your gun unless you are ready to use it, or
told to do so, by proper authority.
4. Don’t insert your trigger finger or any finger in the
trigger guard unless you are ready to shoot.
5. Don’t pull the slide of your pistol without first
removing its magazine.
6. Don’t jerk your gun in any manner.
7. Don’t point your gun to yourself or to anybody else
unless you are ready shoot.
8. Don’t peep at the muzzle of your gun unless you have
separated the barrel from the gun.
9. Don’t play with your gun loaded or unloaded.
10. Don’t tinker with your gun. Give it to the expert
the moment you notice anything wrong with it.
11. Don’t forget that accidents don’t just happen.
They are caused by carelessness and stupidity.
12. Don’t allow your firearm to be dirty or rusty.

THE FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATIVE PENALTIES SHALL BE IMPOSED ON

ANY INDIVIDUAL LICENSED SECURITY GUARD FOUND COMMITTING THE
FOLLOWING OFFENSE WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO THE INSTITUTION OF
APPROPRIATE CRIMINAL ACTION AGAINST HIM:

OFFENSE PENALTY
1. Displaying discourteous or rude manner in 5 days
the performance of duty. suspension
2. Willful failure to notify the proper 15 days
authority of signs of disorders, riots, suspension
demonstrations or any serious violations of
the law.
3. Living his post to expose the lives and 30 days
properties he is supposed to protect in suspension
danger.
4. Leaving his post without being properly 30 days
relieved. suspension
5. Posted SG apprehended elsewhere for alarm, 30 days
scandal or disorderly conduct. suspension
6. Assisting or protecting criminals during, Cancellation of
or off duty status. License
7. Providing confidential information to Cancellation of
unauthorized person. license

8. Posted SG found drunk or drinking Cancellation of

intoxicating liquor. license

The above regulation was made and signed by former

President Fidel V. Ramos when he was the Chief of
Constabulary and Acting Chief of Staff in April 28, 1984 as
stipulated in RA 5487 (The private Security Law).
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