CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY TVL STUDENTS IN

SPECIALIZATION SUBJECT DURING THE ONLINE DISTANCE

LEARNING MODALITY AT MATAASNAKAHOY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

A Qualitative Research to the Teachers of

Mataasnakahoy Senior High School
Bayobor, Mataasnakahoy, Batangas

In partial fulfillment for the requirements of the subject

Research in Daily Life 1

FIER PAULO S. BOA

ZEDRICK T. ESCAÑO
AIVAN VALENCIA
C-JAY TULABING
NIKKA JANE ORDINARIO

June 2022
 ABSTRACT

Title: The Effects of Advertisement on Consumers Behavior

Researchers: Fier Paulo S. Boa

Zedrick T. Escaño
Aivan Valencia
C-jay Tulabing
Nikka Jane Ordinario

Strand: Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) Strand

Document Type: Research

Year: 2022

This study is all about the experience of students who are taking the

assessment of Technical Vocational and Livelihood students in

Mataasnakahoy Senior High School. The researchers examine the students

of TVL about how far they will take this program and to know their limits. The

purpose of this study is to inspect the grade 11 and 12 students who are

under in these assessments because they are the ones who understand the

affects and enhances of the skills they needed to learn. The problem of this

study is to know how assessment can affect their learning if the teacher gives

them an easy task or a difficult. This study is conducted to provide and

decipher questions if the assessments provided are effective enough and

would lead to a job-ready future for the students. In conclusion of the study,

there are certain factors affecting the experiences of TVL students in program

assessment.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers wish to extend their sincerest gratitude to those who

contributed much to the accomplishment of this study. Without them, this

academic journey won’t be successful.

To Mrs. Jane A. Caya, for instructing and enhancing us in making

research, we so much thank you.

To Mr. Arnold De Chavez, for always reminding us what to do and

guiding us through.

To all the Teachers, that gave us advice and guidance.

To the Authors, that helped us to get more information about our

research.

To the Researchers, those make this study accomplished and

possible. Job well done!

To our Friends, that kindly helped and gave us idea.

To our Parents, those understand, guide, and support us financially.

To our Almighty God, that always guides us and gives us strength to

make this study. We love you.

We thank you so much!

 DEDICATION

This research is dedicated to those people who never stopped

supporting and guiding us to accomplish this research. To almighty God, for

his guidance and knowledge he gave us. To our parents, who supported us

and understand our situations especially in financial needs to make this

research valuable; to our teachers and classmates, for helping us to

accomplish this research; and to those people who showed moral support to

this research, our deepest appreciation is sincerely given to you.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE ………………………………………………………………… I

ABSTACT………………………………………………………………......... Ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………….. Iii

DEDICATION…………………………………………………………………. Iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………………. V

CHAPTER

I. THE PROBLEM

Introduction…………………………………………………………….. 1

Statement of the Problem…………………………………………..... 4

Background of the Study…………………………………………...... 5

Significance of the Study ……………………………………………. 6

Scope and Limitations of the Study ………………………………... 7

Definition of Terms ………………………………............................. 8

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature ……………………………….............................. 10

Related Studies ………………………………................................. 12

Conceptual Framework ……………………………………………… 16

III. RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURE

Research Design ………………………………............................... 17

Subject of the Study …………………………………………………. 17

Data Gathering Procedure ………………………………………….. 18

Research Instrument ………………………………………………… 18

 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Since the 1990s, the world has seen significant changes in the

landscape of education as a result of the ever-expanding influence of

technology. One such development is the adoption of online learning across

different learning contexts, whether formal or informal, academic and non-

academic, and residential or remotely. We began to witness schools,

teachers, and students increasingly adopt e-learning technologies that allow

teachers to deliver instruction interactively, share resources seamlessly, and

facilitate student collaboration and interaction. Although the efficacy of online

learning has long been acknowledged by the education community evidence

on the challenges in its implementation continues to build up (Rasheed,

2020).

Recently, the education system has faced an unprecedented health

crisis (i.e., COVID-19 pandemic) that has shaken up its foundation. Thus,

various governments across the globe have launched a crisis response to

mitigate the adverse impact of the pandemic on education. This response

includes, but is not limited to, curriculum revisions, provision for technological

resources and infrastructure, shifts in the academic calendar, and policies on

instructional delivery and assessment. Inevitably, these developments

compelled educational institutions to migrate to full online learning until face-

to-face instruction is allowed. The current circumstance is unique as it could

aggravate the challenges experienced during online learning due to

restrictions in movement and health protocols.

Given today’s uncertainties, it is vital to gain a nuanced understanding

of students’ online learning experience in times of the COVID-19 pandemic.

To date, many studies have investigated this area with a focus on students’

mental health, self-regulation, virtual learning environment, and students’

overall learning experience. There are two key differences that set the current

study apart from the previous studies. First, it sheds light on the direct impact

of the pandemic on the challenges that students experience in an online

learning space. Second, the current study explores students’ coping

strategies in this new learning setup. Addressing these areas would shed light

on the extent of challenges that students experience in a full online learning

space, particularly within the context of the pandemic.

The Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) strand focuses on practical

skills and work-readiness– makes distance learning particularly challenging.

Practical skills are often acquired through learning-by-doing, which occurs in

school-based workshops and laboratories or through hands-on experience

through work immersion. Distance learning approaches are now seen as a

weak substitute for practical exercises when they require the use of

equipment or materials not usually found inside the home. In general,

however, Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) strand specializations that

struggle most with adjustment to distance learning are those that depend

heavily on learning-by doing.

 In contrast, some specializations that can switch to distance learning

more easily are those with a stronger emphasis on academic subjects or on

work-specific skills that do not require manual activities. For example, Crop

production and Fisheries will be relatively easy to move online compared to

Computer Systems Servicing as the latter requires substantial hands-on

practice with specific equipment and network facilities generally not available

inside the home of our disadvantaged learners.

Previous studies have been conducted on the challenges encountered

by Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) students in specialization subject

during the online distance learning modality. However, in this paper we have

introduced a combination of different variables and attempted to examine the

challenges encountered by Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) students

during the online distance learning modality. This paper aims to determine

which of these variables carries the most importance in terms of affecting the

student’s performance and which of these variables carries less significant

impact. This will help the teachers and school facilitators to focus on the pros

and cons of online distance learning modality and help the students to

overcome the challenges that they are encountering.

The researchers believe that the study will offer useful insights for both

students and teachers to understand the pros and cons of online distance

learning modality and the challenges that might be encountered upon using

this learning modality.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to know the other important information about The

Effect of Advertisement on Consumers Behavior:

It sought to answer the following:

1. What are the challenges of Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL)

students of Mataasnakahoy Senior High School face when using this

Distance Learning Modality?

2. What will be the plan of action to assist students in overcoming the

problems that they are encountering with this mode of distance

learning?

3. What impact does distance learning modality have on TVL students'

study habits?

Background of the Study

We are in currently second year of online learning mode. A large

number of the scholars gave up upon reaching their dreams with the rationale

that they're not privileged enough to continue studying Technical-Vocational-

Livelihood (TVL) strand or as well as this academic year. Modules are very

hard to know especially when a student isn't used on self-learning process of

studying. It's nothing compared to the face-to-face classes we accustomed

have because we are learning the maximum amount as we are learning with

the new sort of education now. However, online learning is the only efficient

way we've got within the midst of this pandemic. We will not deny the fact that

like online classes.

According to International Journal of Educational Technology in

education (2021), the merge and the continuation of online learning enriched

with anxiety and other factors that's not helping on the tutorial performance of

a student. However, adjusting will make it bearable. The results of their study

regarding the persistence of online courses during this time of pandemic

includes anxiety, satisfaction, effort expectancy, engagement, behavioral

intention, employer encouragement, facilitating conditions and performance

expectancy. We, there searchers, are wanting to understand the challenges

encountered by the Grade 12 students on Technical-Vocational-Livelihood.

Last year, during the introduction of recent type of education to any or

all of the scholars, it’s been an enormous and hard journey to follow. There

are many ups and downs. There are plenty of adjustments. Students gained

knowledge but not the maximum amount as they gained during face-to-face

classes. Online learning mode teaches us to manage our time, to be flexible,

to be resilient, and be strong enough to hold all the hardships. But online

learning isn't all about hard cases of these TVL students. It also gives us the

chance to fulfill new those that could possibly change our life. Despite of these
advantages, there are lots of challenges and circumstances Technical-

Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) students had encountered.

Significance of the Study

This study aimed to know the challenges encountered by Technical-

Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) students in specialization subject during the

online distance learning modality at Mataasnakahoy Senior High School. The

result of this will benefit the following.

Students. It will help them to know the challenges encountered by Technical-

Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) students in specialization subject during the

online distance learning modality at Mataasnakahoy Senior High School. They

can also use this topic in the future.

Parents. It will help them to open their eyes on the possible challenges that

might be encountered by their child upon taking Technical-Vocational-

Livelihood (TVL) strand during the online distance learning modality.

Teacher or Educators. It will help them to be aware of the challenges

encountered by Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) students upon taking

specialization subject during the online distance learning modality.

Readers/Future Researcher. It will help them to know the challenges

encountered by Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) students in

specialization subject during the online distance learning modality. They can

also use this as a reference to a thesis that is related to this study on the mere

future.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study covers the challenges encountered by Technical-Vocational-

Livelihood (TVL) students in specialization subject during the online distance

learning modality at Mataasnakahoy Senior High School (MSHS). It will focus

only on the TVL students of Mataasnakahoy Senior High School (MSHS)

during the School Year 2021-2022, especially to those 40 students from TVL

11 and 12 who will be the respondents of this study. The researchers focus

only on the challenges encountered by Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL)

students in specialization subject during the online distance learning modality

at Mataasnakahoy Senior High School because they believed that students

are now facing many challenges because of the online distance learning

modality.

The research focuses on the student's perspective online distance

learning modality of Mataasnakahoy Senior High School. Another limitation of

research is the area covered wherein the researchers focused only on the
Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) students who are studying in

Mataasnakahoy Senior High School during the School Year 2021-2022.

Definition of Terms

COVID-19 Pandemic - An acute respiratory illness in humans caused by a

coronavirus, capable of producing severe symptoms and in some cases

death, especially in older people and those with underlying health conditions.

It was originally identified in China in 2019 and became pandemic in 2020.

Distance Learning – It is also called distance education, e-learning, and

online learning, form of education in which the main elements include physical

separation of teachers and students during instruction and the use of various

technologies to facilitate student-teacher and student-student communication.

Learning Management System (LMS) - It is a software application or web-

based technology used to plan, implement, and assess a specific learning

process. It is used for eLearning practices and, in its most common form,

consists of two elements: a server that performs the base functionality and a

user interface that is operated by instructors, students and administrators.

National Certificate – It is issued when a candidate has demonstrated

competence in all units of competency that comprised a Qualification.

Pandemic - It is a disease outbreak that spreads across countries or

continents. It affects more people and takes more lives than an epidemic.
Self-learning - An approach to learning where the individual makes the effort

to identify their own learning needs, set learning goals, find the necessary

resources, and evaluate their own knowledge.

Synchronous Learning – It is a general term used to describe forms of

education, instruction, and learning that occur at the same time, but not in the

same place.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the review of related literature and the study that

have relevance to this study. It also includes the presentation of conceptual

framework, synthesis and definition of terms of the study.

Related Literature

The teacher serves as a facilitator, encouraging active engagement

from students through the use of various technologies accessed over the

internet while they are physically separated during class. Learner-teacher and

peer-to-peer communication are made easier with the internet. Live

synchronous training is possible with online learning. Participants must have a

strong and consistent internet connection. It is more engaging than other

forms of online education. The replies are instantaneous. Learners can use
the internet to download materials, complete and submit assignments online,

and participate in webinars and virtual classes. Using a Learning

Management System or other related technology, this can be done

successfully. This includes the DepEd Commons and the LR Portal, (Llego,

2020).

COVID-19 has had a particularly negative impact on senior high school

students. Learning has been done remotely, for example, through modules,

the internet, television, or radio. However, lack of access to electricity, internet

connectivity, devices or media, learning platforms, or inadequate teacher and

student preparation for distance learning limit the extent to which learning can

still take place outside the classroom, particularly in the Technical-Vocational-

Livelihood (TVL) Track. Due to conflicting domestic responsibilities such as

caring for children and elderly family members, as well as other household

activities to assist the family financially survive, some students confront

additional time restraints. In low-income communities and among vulnerable

learners, adjusting to distant learning might be the most difficult, (Galias et al.,

2020).

According to the Teacherph (2020), distance learning is particularly

difficult for Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) because of its emphasis on

practical skills and work preparedness. Practical skills are frequently learned

through hands-on experience gained through work immersion or learning-by-

doing in school-based workshops and laboratories. When practical exercises

demand the use of equipment or materials not commonly found in the home,

distance learning approaches are now considered as a poor substitute. In

general, TVL specializations that rely significantly on learning-by-doing have

the most difficulty adapting to distance learning. Some specializations, on the

other hand, are better suited to distance learning because they place a

greater focus on academic courses or job-specific abilities that do not need

manual labor.

The Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) track, which may lead to

learners earning a National Certificate II (NCII), has become increasingly

valuable in improving SHS TVL learners' employability and other human

development outcomes. Furthermore, investing in these credentials can offer

lifelong access to learning opportunities and future job adaptation, which is

believed to improve students' labor market outcomes.

Taking the NCII evaluation, however, has not been recognized as a

graduation requirement. TVL students and families make the decision to

pursue National certification.

Another issue is the TVL track's application of Work Immersion (WI).

During the COVID-19 crisis, this was badly impacted. During the pandemic

and any future disruptions in school, Work Immersion is expected to provide

SHS TVL learners with opportunities to become familiar with the workplace,

mimic employment, and use their competence in Computer Systems

Servicing in the actual work environment. Work-based learning is required for

the TVL track but optional for the other tracks.

Related Studies

During the year 2020, the Philippines is attempting to push through

education despite the deadly pandemic caused by covid-19 has proven to be

a difficult undertaking. Despite several objections, the Department of

Education (DepEd) and the Commission on Higher Education (CHED)

adopted and implemented the flexible blended learning model despite the risk

of open courses due to the virus. Modular (Printed), Modular (Digital), Online,

Educational TV, Radio-Based Instruction, Home Schooling, and Blended

Learning are the various learning modalities. Online learning is implemented

especially for high schools and colleges in cities where modern living is

adapted, and students and learners have the privilege of having internet

connection at home, but Modular Distance Learning is implemented for those

living in rural areas or provinces where internet connection is only available

for a few. The usage of Modules created by teachers with various tasks and

learning activities based on the essential learning competencies is known as

modular distance learning, Modular distance learning in the new normal

education amidst covid-19. (n.d.).

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programs are

well-positioned to help combat the COVID-19 pandemic. They have a lot of

potential to help in three stages: the current "coping" phase, the intermediate
phase when schools and businesses gradually reopen, and the recovery

period when structural improvements in the education system and the labor

market are expected, (Hoftijzer et al., 2020).

Based to Statham (2020) “Problems Encountered by TVL Students”,

Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) students face the following challenges:

(1) certain members have difficulty expressing and creating ideas; (2) varied

personalities among members; (3) passive and uncooperative people in a

group; and (4) a lack of communication among members. To deal with these

difficulties, students frequently assume responsibility for completing the work.

Pupils have struggled to acquire writing abilities due to a lack of vocabulary,

according to the allegation. Last but not least, students face a lack of drive.

As a result of the pandemic, modular distance learning has been

adopted as a quick fix to maintain educational continuity. Modular learning is

the most popular kind of distant learning. Learning through printed and digital

modules emerged as the most preferred distance learning option among most

Filipino parents and students, according to a poll conducted by the

Department of Education (DepEd). This also considers learners in remote

regions who do not have internet connection for online learning.

In the event of a pandemic, Modular Distance Learning has its

advantages and disadvantages for each student, which are: Advantages:

More affordable, less time consuming, being more productive because you

have more time on your hands, being more disciplined, and challenging every
student in terms of teaching themselves, which leads to; Disadvantages:

Modular Distance Learning causes Grade 11 students to rely on themselves

in their learnings, Poor School Management, Time Constraints Modular

Distance Learning contributes to the management and resolution of these

issues. In comparison to face-to-face classes, students employ several

techniques to effectively manage their time and become more responsible

and disciplined. Students went through a lot of transitions and learnt important

life skills, (Quidlat, 2021).

Despite the fact that it appears that almost everyone has internet

access, a shocking percentage of families do not have fast or reliable internet

connections. In the Philippines, around 60% of households do not have

internet connectivity. As a result, millions of pupils will be left behind (Santos,

2020).

Students still require internet access for incomprehensible courses,

instructor updates/meetings to guide students, research, and other purposes,

despite the fact that PHS's modular distance learning program is modular. Not

all students can learn on their own; they need greater self-control, drive, and

time management. According to Department of Education figures, about 4

million children were unable to enroll for the current school year (DepEd).

"Many of the youngsters who were unable to enroll last year may end up

missing even more time in school or, in the worst-case scenario, dropping out

entirely for various reasons" (Angara, 2021).

 According to Keziel (2020) “Mental health during the COVID-19

pandemic: Effects of stay-at-home policies, social distancing behavior, and

social resources”. Our mental health is beginning to suffer as a result of the

pandemic that drove us to stay indoors. Younger students are pondering

quitting up and ending their own lives in a generation where many people

have perished as a result of depression. The researcher saw a lot of posts on

social media about kids contemplating suicide because they can't handle the

pressure that the new normal has put on them. Because their teachers are not

there, they are having problems answering their courses. When students

complete their courses at home, they may experience a lot of stress. Students

may develop anxiety as a result of the lack of tranquility in their environment.

Those students who have other obligations outside academics, as well as

those who do not have parental support and must study independently,

(Quidlat, 2021).

Conceptual Framework

This study contains the input, process, and outcome. It relates also to

the purpose of this study. It also describes the process of determining the

effects of advertisement on consumer’s behavior and the information in the

last box is the outcome of the study or its results.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. The challenges  The The researcher will

that Technical- researchers will make flyers to add
Vocational- conduct an
Livelihood (TVL) the awareness
interview
students of  Focus group about the
Mataasnakahoy discussion challenges
Senior High
 Survey encountered by
School face when
 Questionnaire
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, PROCEDURE, AND DESIGN

This portion of the study presents the methods, and procedures

followed by the researchers in data gathering. It includes the research design,

the research instrument used, data gathering procedures, and the subject of

the study.

Research Design

This research used the qualitative and phenomenological approach of

the research to analyze and investigate challenges encountered by TVL

students in specialization subject during the online distance learning modality

at Mataasnakahoy Senior High School because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This research design helped the researchers to collect the responses of the

participants and obtain their views, opinions, and perception to the mentioned

problem which is the effects of advertisements on consumers’ behavior.

Subject of the Study

The participants in the study were the TVL students of Mataasnakahoy

Senior High School who are known to be the group of students who are really

struggling during this online distance learning modality. The researchers used

quota sampling that consists of 40 students to find out how many participants

will be interviewed from the population of the students who are currently

experiencing challenges because of the online distance learning modality.

The researchers got the 40 total populations from the grade 11 and 12

students from TVL strand of Mataasnakahoy Senior High School.

Data Gathering Procedure

Former to the distribution of interviewed questions, the researchers

seek for a permission from the principal of the school to conduct the study.

Upon agreement, the researchers had a direct contact with the

participants and personally administered the research instrument. The

participants had enough time to answer the formulated questions Qualitative

and phenomenological method were used to study and state the problem as

well as to know the perceptions, and opinion of the participants. All the
collected results were being stated the data are the basis or to the analysis of

the study.

Research Instrument

The researchers of this study conducted an interview for the

participants to identify the about the challenges encountered by TVL Students

during the online distance learning modality. The researchers formulated their

structured interview questions that will help them gather information and know

the challenges encountered by TVL Students during the online distance

learning modality. The interview questions consisted of 5 questions that will

be answered by 40 TVL students from Mataasnakahoy Senior High School.

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Education amidst Covid-19.” ResearchGate, May 2021,
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Galias, Jesus Felix T. (2020). “Senior High School TVL Issues, Concerns and
Interventions during COVID-19 Crisis.” TeacherPH, 26 Dec. 2020,
www.teacherph.com/senior-high-school-tvl-issues/.
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Hoftijzer, Margo, et al. “TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and

Training) in the Times of COVID-19: Challenges and Opportunities.”
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technical-and-vocational-education-and-training-times-covid-19-
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Rasheed, R. (2020). Challenges in the online component of blended learning:

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Statham. (2020) “Problems Encountered by TVL Students.”

Www.sameerdua.com, 23 May 2022,
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