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    Rosales Balm105 1

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    Allyssa Melan Rosales
    This document discusses the classification and jurisdiction of Philippine courts. It outlines four levels of regular courts: (1) first level courts like MTCs that try criminal/civil cases below a certain value; (2) second level RTCs that are courts of general jurisdiction; (3) third level appellate courts like CA and Sandiganbayan; (4) fourth level is the Supreme Court. It also discusses courts of original vs. appellate jurisdiction, general vs. special jurisdiction, and constitutional vs. statutory courts. Finally, it identifies special courts like Family Courts, Sharia Courts, and designated RTCs that try special cases like kidnapping, dangerous drugs, and carnapping.

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    Rosales Balm105 1

    Uploaded by

    Allyssa Melan Rosales
    44 views4 pages
    This document discusses the classification and jurisdiction of Philippine courts. It outlines four levels of regular courts: (1) first level courts like MTCs that try criminal/civil cases below a certain value; (2) second level RTCs that are courts of general jurisdiction; (3) third level appellate courts like CA and Sandiganbayan; (4) fourth level is the Supreme Court. It also discusses courts of original vs. appellate jurisdiction, general vs. special jurisdiction, and constitutional vs. statutory courts. Finally, it identifies special courts like Family Courts, Sharia Courts, and designated RTCs that try special cases like kidnapping, dangerous drugs, and carnapping.

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    This document discusses the classification and jurisdiction of Philippine courts. It outlines four levels of regular courts: (1) first level courts like MTCs that try criminal/civil cases below a certain value; (2) second level RTCs that are courts of general jurisdiction; (3) third level appellate courts like CA and Sandiganbayan; (4) fourth level is the Supreme Court. It also discusses courts of original vs. appellate jurisdiction, general vs. special jurisdiction, and constitutional vs. statutory courts. Finally, it identifies special courts like Family Courts, Sharia Courts, and designated RTCs that try special cases like kidnapping, dangerous drugs, and carnapping.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    44 views4 pages

    Rosales Balm105 1

    Uploaded by

    Allyssa Melan Rosales
    This document discusses the classification and jurisdiction of Philippine courts. It outlines four levels of regular courts: (1) first level courts like MTCs that try criminal/civil cases below a certain value; (2) second level RTCs that are courts of general jurisdiction; (3) third level appellate courts like CA and Sandiganbayan; (4) fourth level is the Supreme Court. It also discusses courts of original vs. appellate jurisdiction, general vs. special jurisdiction, and constitutional vs. statutory courts. Finally, it identifies special courts like Family Courts, Sharia Courts, and designated RTCs that try special cases like kidnapping, dangerous drugs, and carnapping.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    ROSALES, ALLYSSA MELAN M.

    BLN1Ar
    BALM105

    (1) CLASSIFICATION OF COURTS ACCORDING TO JURISDICTION, DEFINE


    EACH CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFY WHICH COURT EXERCISE A
    PARTICULAR JURISDICTION
    CLASSIFICATION OF PHILIPPINE COURTS
    (1) Regular courts engaged in the administration of justice are organized into four (4) levels:

    (a) First Level (MTCs, MeTCs, MCTCs) – which try and decide (1) criminal actions
    involving violations of city or municipal ordinances committed within their respective
    territorial jurisdiction and offenses punishable with imprisonment not exceeding six (6) years
    irrespective of the amount of fine and regardless of other imposable accessory or other
    penalties, and (2) civil actions including ejectment, recovery of personal property with a value
    of not more than P300,000 outside MM or does not exceed P400,000 in MM;

    (b) Second Level (RTCs, Family Courts) – courts of general jurisdiction; among the civil
    actions assigned to them by law are those in which the subject of litigation is incapable of
    pecuniary estimation, or involving title to or possession of real property where the assessed
    value of the property exceeds P20,000 outside MM or exceeds P50,000 in MM, except actions
    for ejectment (forcible entry and unlawful detainer), or where the demand exclusive of
    interest, damages of whatever kind, attorney‘s fees, litigation expenses, and cost, or the value
    of the personal property or controversy exceeds P300,000 outside MM or exceeds P400,000
    in MM. RTCs also exercise appellate jurisdiction, to review cases appealed from courts of the
    first level;

    (c) Third Level (Court of Appeals, Sandiganbayan) – CA is an appellate court, reviewing


    cases appealed to it from the RTC, on questions of fact or mixed questions of fact and law.
    Appeals to it decided by the RTC in the exercise of original jurisdiction are a matter of right;
    appeals with respect to cases decided by the RTC in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction
    are a matter of discretion. Occasionally, CA may act as a trial court, as in actions praying for
    the annulment of final and executor judgments of RTCs on the ground of extrinsic fraud
    subsequently discovered, against which no other remedies lies. Sandiganbayan has
    jurisdiction over all criminal and civil cases involving graft and corrupt practices act, and such
    other offenses committed by public officers and employees including those in GOCCs in
    relation to their office. It also has exclusive appellate jurisdiction over final judgments,
    resolutions, or orders of RTCs whether in the exercise of their own original or appellate
    jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases committed by public officers or employees including
    those in GOCCs in relation to their office.

    (d) Fourth Level (Supreme Court)

    COURTS OF ORIGINAL AND APPELLATE JURISDICTION


    ROSALES, ALLYSSA MELAN M. BLN1Ar
    BALM105
    (1) A court is one with original jurisdiction when actions or proceedings are originally filed
    with it. A court is one with appellate jurisdiction when it has the power of review over the
    decisions or orders of a lower court
    (2) MeTCs, MCTCs and MTCs are courts of original jurisdiction without appellate
    jurisdiction. RTC is likewise a court of original jurisdiction with respect to cases originally
    filed with it; and appellate court with respect to cases decided by MTCs within its territorial
    jurisdiction. (Sec. 22, BP 129)
    (3) CA is primarily a court of appellate jurisdiction with competence to review judgments of
    the RTCs and specified quasi-judicial agencies (Sec. 9[3], BP 129). It is also a court of
    original jurisdiction with respect to cases filed before it involving issuance of writs of
    certiorari, mandamus, quo warranto, habeas corpus, and prohibition. CA is a court of original
    and exclusive jurisdiction over actions for annulment of judgments of RTCs (Sec. 9 [1],[2], BP 129).
    (4) The SC is fundamentally a court of appellate jurisdiction but it may also be a court of
    original jurisdiction over cases affecting ambassadors, public ministers and consuls, and in
    cases involving petitions for certiorari, prohibition and mandamus (Sec. 5[1], Art. VIII, Constitution) .
    The Supreme Court en banc is not an appellate court to which decisions or resolutions of a
    division of the Supreme Court may be appealed.

    COURTS OF GENERAL AND SPECIAL JURISDICTION


    (1) Courts of general jurisdiction are those with competence to decide on their own
    jurisdiction and to take cognizance of all cases, civil and criminal, of a particular nature.
    Courts of special (limited) jurisdiction are those which have only a special jurisdiction for a
    particular purpose or are clothed with special powers for the performance of specified duties
    beyond which they have no authority of any kind.
    (2) A court may also be considered general if it has the competence to exercise jurisdiction
    over cases not falling within the jurisdiction of any court, tribunal, person or body exercising
    judicial or quasi-judicial functions. It is in the context that the RTC is considered a court of
    general jurisdiction.
    CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY COURTS
    (1) A constitutional court is one created by a direct Constitutional provision. Example of this
    court is the SC, which owes its creation from the Constitution itself. Only the SC is a
    Constitutional court.
    (2) A statutory court is one created by law other than the Constitution. All courts except the
    SC are statutory courts. SB was not directly created by the Constitution but by law pursuant to
    a constitutional mandate.
    (2) PRINCIPLE OF JUDICIAL HIERARCHY
    (1) This is an ordained sequence of recourse to courts vested with concurrent jurisdiction,
    beginning from the lowest, on to the next higher, and ultimately to the highest. This hierarchy is
    determinative of the venue of appeals, and is likewise determinative of the proper forum for
    petitions for extraordinary writs. This is an established policy necessary to avoid inordinate
    demands upon the Court’s time and attention which are better devoted to those matters within its
    ROSALES, ALLYSSA MELAN M. BLN1Ar
    BALM105
    exclusive jurisdiction, and to preclude the further clogging of the Court’s docket (Sec. 9[1], BP 129;
    Sec. 5[1], Art. VIII, Constitution of the Philippines).

    (2) The Principle of Judicial Hierarchy of Courts most certainly indicates that petitions for the
    issuance of extraordinary writs against first level courts should be filed with the RTC and those
    against the latter should be filed in the Court of Appeals. This rule, however, may be relaxed
    when pure questions of law are raised (Miaque vs. Patag, GR Nos. 1790609-13, 01/30/2009).
    (3) DOCTRINE OF NON-INTERFERENCE OR DOCTRINE OF JUDICIAL STABILITY
    (1) Courts of equal and coordinate jurisdiction cannot interfere with each other’s orders. Thus,
    the RTC has no power to nullify or enjoin the enforcement of a writ of possession issued by
    another RTC. The principle also bars a court from reviewing or interfering with the judgment of
    a co-equal court over which it has no appellate jurisdiction or power of review.
    (2) This doctrine applies with equal force to administrative bodies. When the law provides for
    an appeal from the decision of an administrative body to the SC or CA, it means that such body
    is co-equal with the RTC in terms of rank and stature, and logically beyond the control of the
    latter (Phil.Spinster Corp. vs. Cagayan Electric Power).
    (4) WHAT COURTS HAVE SPECIAL JURISDICTION?
    Courts of special (limited) jurisdiction are those which have only a special jurisdiction for a
    particular purpose or are clothed with special powers for the performance of specified duties
    beyond which they have no authority of any kind. The following are the special courts in the
    Philippines: Sandiganbayan, Court of Tax Appeals, Shari'a District Courts, and Shari'a
    Circuit Courts.
    FAMILY COURT

    (1) Republic Act 8369: Family Courts Act of 1997. An act establishing family courts,
    granting them exclusive original jurisdiction over child and family cases.
    (2) Sec. 5. Jurisdiction of family Courts. – Enumerates the following cases which the Family
    Courts have exclusive original jurisdiction to hear and decide.

    SPECIAL COURTS FOR KIDNAPPING, ROBBERY, DANGEROUS DRUGS,


    CARNAPPING AND OTHER HEINOUS CRIMES UNDER R.A. NO. 7659 (Administrative Order
    No. 51-96 May 3, 1996)

    (1) Pursuant to Sec. 23 of Batas Pambansa Blg. 129, in the interest of speedy and efficient
    administration of justice and subject to the guidelines hereinafter set forth, the 56
    Regional Trial Court branches are hereby designated to exclusively try and decide cases
    of KIDNAPPING AND/OR KIDNAPPING FOR RANSOM, ROBBERY IN BAND,
    ROBBERY COMMITTED AGAINST A BANKING OR FINANCIAL INSTITUTION,
    VIOLATION OF THE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 1972, AS AMENDED,
    VIOLATION OF THE ANTI-CARNAPPING ACT OF 1972, AS AMENDED, AND
    OTHER HEINOUS CRIMES defined and penalized under Rep. Act No. 7659,
    ROSALES, ALLYSSA MELAN M. BLN1Ar
    BALM105
    committed within their respective territorial jurisdictions such as Branch 3, Legaspi City,
    presided over by RTC JUDGE WENCESLAO R. VILLANUEVA, JR.

    References:
    https://www.pinayjurist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Remedial-Law-Reviewer.pdf https://mclaw08.files.wordpress.com/2018/11/elmers-
    remedial-law-reviewer-2018.pdf

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