PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

1565 -Miguel Lopez de

Legaspi took possession
of the Philippine Island
(Cebu, Panay, Luzon,
Muslim settlement, Manila)
1571 -Raja Sulaiman
(cheiftain of Manila) left
Construction of indigenous
materials
1583 -fire of Manila Stone
and tile construction
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

REDUCCION
• Resettlement policy by the Spaniards designed
for a convenient administration of the colonies

• Under the bells - Bajos de las Capanas

– compact villages / towns near the churches,
or within hearing distance of church bells
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

LAWS OF THE INDIES

• 1573 Royal Ordinance of King Philip II
• entire body of laws issued by the Spanish Crown
• regulated social, political and economic life
• composed of myriad decrees issued over the centuries and
the important laws of the 16th century, which attempted to
regulate the interactions between the settlers and natives
• building regulations and zoning stipulations
• body of 148 regulations configuring any settlement
according to the rule of Spain and its colonies
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

LAWS OF THE INDIES

• plan is made centered on a Plaza Mayor (main square) of
size within specified limits
• twelve straight streets are built in a rectilinear grid –
Quadricula
• directions of the streets are chosen according to the
prevailing winds, to protect the Plaza Mayor
• guidelines recommend a hospital for non-contagious cases
near the church, and one for contagious diseases further
away
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

LAWS OF THE INDIES

Book IV of 1680 (TOWN PLANNING)

Site must be in an elevated and healthy location with:

• means of fortification
• fertile soil
• plenty of land for farming and pasturage
• have fuel, timber, and resources
• fresh water
• a native population
• ease of transport
• access and exit
• open to the north wind
• if on the coast, does not lie to the south or west
• if possible not near lagoons or marshes in which poisonous animals and
polluted air and water breed
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

LAWS OF THE INDIES

Book IV of 1680 (TOWN PLANNING)

 Colonists who should want to make a commitment

to building a new settlement in the form & manner
prescribed, be it of ±30 vecinos (freemen), should
be of no less than 12 persons & awarded the
authorization & territory in accordance with the
prescribed conditions
 Colonists shall try as far as possible to have the
buildings all of one type for the sake of the beauty
of the town
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

LAWS OF THE INDIES

Book IV of 1680 (TOWN PLANNING)

 Within the town, a commons shall be delimited,

large enough that although the population may
experience a rapid expansion there will always be
sufficient space where the people may go to for
recreation and take their cattle to pasture without
them making any damage
 site and building lots for slaughter houses,
fisheries, tanneries, and other business which
produce filth shall be so placed that the filth can
easily be disposed of.
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

MAESTRO DE OBRA
 Architects / Master builders
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

PACQUIAO
 Chinese contractual system
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Polo y Servicio
• Tax system
compelling able
bodied males to
render 40 days of
service annually
• In 1857 it was
reduced to 15
days annually
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Social Structure
Peninsulares
Insulares

Spanish Mestizos
Principalia

Chinese Mestizos
Chinese
Indios
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Political Structure
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE

Forts
Churches
Civic buildings
Domestic structures
Fortress
Architecture
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

FORTRESS ARCHITECTURE
Bastion System
 Bastions -protruding precincts at all corners
 Polygonal walls
- 3 sided or more
- Cortinas -3 to 10 m thick walls
 Casa matas - stone landings for artillery weapons
 Baluartes / bastiones -four-sided bulwarks
 Garitas -turrets for sentinels
 Fozo -moat
 Revellin -ravelin
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

FORTRESS ARCHITECTURE
Bastion System
 Bastions -protruding precincts at all corners
 Polygonal walls
- 3 sided or more
- Cortinas -3 to 10 m thick walls
 Casa matas - stone landings for artillery weapons
 Baluartes / bastiones -four-sided bulwarks
 Garitas -turrets for sentinels
 Fozo -moat
 Revellin -ravelin
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

FORTRESS ARCHITECTURE
Bastion System
 Bastions -protruding precincts at all corners
 Polygonal walls
- 3 sided or more
- Cortinas -3 to 10 m thick walls
 Casa matas - stone landings for artillery weapons
 Baluartes / bastiones -four-sided bulwarks
 Garitas -turrets for sentinels
 Fozo -moat
 Revellin -ravelin
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

INTRAMUROS
 “within the walls” Latin
 16th century “Walled City”
 1951 reconstruction, National Historical Monument
 Puertas (Gates)
-Puerta Almacenes
-Puerta de la Aduana
-Puerta de Santo Domingo
-Puerta Isabel II
-Puerta del Parian
-Puerta Real
-Puerta Sta. Lucia
-Puerta del Postigo
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

FUERZA DE SAN PEDRO

 Cebu
 Smallest (2,025 sqm),
oldest triangular bastion fort
in the country
 built in 1738 to repel Muslim
raiders
-walls are 6.1 m high
by 2.4 m thick
-towers are 9.1 m
high
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
FUERZA DE NUESTRA SENORA
DEL PILAR
 Zamboanga
 Jesuit Father Melchor de Vera, Fort of St. Joseph,
1635
 Reconstruction in 1718, renamed the Real Fuerza
de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zambaonga
 Now a Marian shrine
 National Cultural Treasure
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
FUERZA DE NUESTRA SENORA
DEL PILAR
 Zamboanga
 Jesuit Father Melchor de Vera, Fort of St. Joseph,
1635
 Reconstruction in 1718, renamed the Real Fuerza
de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zambaonga
 Now a Marian shrine
 National Cultural Treasure

FUERZA DE NUESTRA SENORA DEL PILAR

Cebu
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
FUERZA DE NUESTRA SENORA
DEL PILAR
 Zamboanga
 Jesuit Father Melchor de Vera, Fort of St. Joseph,
1635
 Reconstruction in 1718, renamed the Real Fuerza
de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zambaonga
 Now a Marian shrine
 National Cultural Treasure

FUERZA DE NUESTRA SENORA DEL PILAR

Cebu
Ecclesiastical
Architecture
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

CHARACTER
 Light material
 high pitched roof
 raised floor
 rectangular nave
 Rectangular or cruciform plan
-Key (Tayabas)
-Greek cross (Oton)
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

MATERIAL
 Adobe stone
 Coralline limestone
 Brick
 Buttress
 Mortar

– lime – animal blood

– crushed coral – carabao milk
– crushed shells – sugarcane extracts
– crushed egg shells – egg white
– molasses
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

PARTS OF A CHURCH
 Altar mayor -main altar for Eucharistic celebration
 Sagrario -tabernacle
 Pulpito -elevated structure to amplify audibility of homily
 Altares minores -side altar for concelebrated masses
 Retablo -altar screen
 Koro -choir loft at mezzanine above main entrance
 Postigo -sub doors
 Tribunas -screened gallery
 Convento -parish house for dignitaries, storage, school, etc.
 Glorietta -gazebos in front of the church
 Campo Santo -graveyard
 OUR LADY OF MT.
CARMEL PARISH
 Barasoain, Bulacan
 Combination of Romanesque
and Renaissance
 First built by Fr. Melchor
Fernandez in 1630
 Founded in 1859 by Augustinian
priests
 Cradle of democracy in the East
 Most important religious building
in the Philippines
 Site of the declaration of the first
Philippine Republic
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

OUR LADY OF MT. CARMEL PARISH

Barasoain, Bulacan
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

OUR LADY OF MT. CARMEL PARISH

Barasoain, Bulacan
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

OUR LADY OF MT. CARMEL PARISH

Barasoain, Bulacan
NUESTRA SEÑORA
DEL SANTISSIMO
ROSARIO DE
MANAOAG
 Manaoag, Pangasinan
 One of the Philippines' most
widely visited Roman
Catholic Pilgrimage sites.
 Restoration by Fr. Roque
Ruano
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

NUESTRA SEÑORA DEL SANTISSIMO ROSARIO

DE MANAOAG
Manaoag, Pangasinan
 CATHEDRAL
BASILICA OF THE
IMMACULATE
CONCEPCION
 Manila Cathedral
 Bishop Domingo Salazar
 Restored by: Ar. Fernando
Ocampo
 Neo-Romanesque
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

CATHEDRAL BASILICA OF THE

IMMACULATE CONCEPCION
Intramuros, Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

CATHEDRAL BASILICA OF THE

IMMACULATE CONCEPCION
Intramuros, Manila
SAINT AGUSTINE
CHURCH
 Paoay, Ilocos Norte
 Primary example of an
Earthquake Baroque
architecture
 Completed 1710
 UNESCO World Heritage
List
 24 buttresses (1.67 m thick)
 Walls are made of large
coral stones on the lower
part and bricks at the upper
levels
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

SAINT AGUSTINE CHURCH

Paoay, Ilocos Norte
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

SAINT AGUSTINE CHURCH

 Paoay, Ilocos Norte
 Earthquake Baroque
architecture
 Completed 1710
 UNESCO World Heritage
List
 24 buttresses (1.67 m thick)

SAINT AGUSTINE CHURCH

Paoay, Ilocos Norte
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

SAINT AGUSTINE CHURCH

Paoay, Ilocos Norte
NUESTRA SENORA
DELA ASUNCION
CHURCH
 Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur
 Situated on a hill surrounded by a
defensive wall on all sides like a
fortress.
 The first buttress from the front is
adorned by a huge relief retelling
how the statue of Our Lady of
Assumption was found on top of
a tree.
 Earthquake Baroque
 Clay and mortar
 UNESCO World Heritage List
NUESTRA SENORA DELA ASUNCION CHURCH
Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur
 ST. WILLIAM
CATHEDRAL

 Laoag , Ilocos Norte

 Fr. Joseph Ruiz
 The church is known for its
Italian Renaissance design
and;
 It’s Sinking Bell Tower,
which sinks into the ground at
a rate of an inch a year.
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

ST. WILLIAM CATHEDRAL

Laoag, Ilocos Norte
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

ST. WILLIAM CATHEDRAL

Laoag, Ilocos Norte
 SAINTS PETER
AND PAUL
PARISH CHURCH
 Calasiao, Pangasinan
 Fr. Ramon Dalinao
 Baroque
 2nd best bell tower
 National Cultural Treasure
 Its unique architectural design
reflects the Spanish & Latin
American architecture
integration of indigenous
Philippines works of art with
Chinese style fusion.
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

SAINTS PETER AND PAUL PARISH CHURCH

Calasiao, Pangasinan
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

•
•
•
•
•

SAINTS PETER AND PAUL PARISH CHURCH

Calasiao, Pangasinan
 ST. JOSEPH
PARISH CHURCH

 Las Pinas
 From perishable materials, the
natives, together with Fr. Cera,
aspired of establishing a stone
church (adobe) in the
Earthquake Baroque
architectural style.

 Home of the bamboo organ

 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

ST. JOSEPH PARISH CHURCH

Las Pinas Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

ST. JOSEPH PARISH CHURCH

Las Pinas Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

ST. JOSEPH PARISH CHURCH

Las Pinas Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

ST. JOSEPH PARISH CHURCH

Las Pinas Manila
 SANTO TOMAS
DE VILLANUEVA
CHURCH
 Miag-ao Iloilo
 Fr. Fernando Comporedondo
 Baroque Romanesque
 declared National landmark in
1973
 profuse carving displaying Filipino
folk art in form of stylized coconut
tree with St. Christopher carrying
the child Jesus
 UNESCO World Heritage List
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

SANTO TOMAS DE VILLANUEVA CHURCH

Miag-ao, Ilo-ilo
 ST. JEROME
PARISH CHURCH
 Morong, Rizal
 Fr. Blas dela Madre
 Spanish Baroque
 It is said that it was built by
Chinese craftsmen as
evidence: two Chinese lion
sculptures at the entrance to
the steep driveway.
 It was built under forced
labor during the Spanish
colonization in the country.
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

ST. JEROME PARISH CHURCH

Morong, Rizal
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

ST. JEROME PARISH CHURCH

Morong, Rizal
 STA. MONICA
PARISH CHURCH
 Panay, Capiz
 Filipino Colonial Baroque
with Neo-Classical influence
 Oldest church in Panay
 Largest bell, in Asia from
30 sacks of coins donated by
townspeople
 National Cultural Treasure
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

STA. MONICA PARISH CHURCH

Panay, Capiz
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

STA. MONICA PARISH CHURCH

Panay, Capiz
SAINT JOHN THE
BAPTIST PARISH
CHURCH
 Quiapo, Manila
 Minor Basilica of the Black
Nazarene
 Baroque
 Roman Catholic Latin-rite
basilica
 Ar. Juan Nakpil
 restored by Juan Nakpil and
Jose Maria Zaragosa
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

SAINT JOHN THE BAPTIST PARISH CHURCH

Quiapo, Manila
 SAN AGUSTIN
CHURCH
 Manila
 Juan Macias
 Oldest stone church in the
Philippines
 1604
 UNESCO World Heritage
List
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH

Intramuros, Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH

Intramuros, Manila
 BASILICA
MINORE DE SAN
SEBASTIAN
 Manila
 Earthquake Baroque + Neo-
Gothic
 Only steel church in Asia
 Only pre-fabricated church in
the world
 steel from Belgium
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

BASILICA MINORE DE SAN SEBASTIAN

Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

BASILICA MINORE DE SAN SEBASTIAN

Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

BASILICA MINORE DE SAN SEBASTIAN

Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

BASILICA MINORE DE SAN SEBASTIAN

Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

BASILICA MINORE DE SAN SEBASTIAN

Manila
MINOR BASILICA
OF SAINT MARTIN
OF TOURS
 Taal, Batangas
 Fr. Marcos Anton and
Spanish architect Luciano
Oliver
 Neo-classic
 Largest church in Asia
 National Historical Landmark
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

MINOR BASILICA OF SAINT MARTIN OF TOURS

Taal, Batangas
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

MINOR BASILICA OF SAINT MARTIN OF TOURS

Taal, Batangas
 THE PARISH OF
OUR LADY OF
THE ABANDONED
OF SANTA ANA
 Sta. Ana, Manila
 Fr. Vicente Ingles
 Baroque
 Adobe blocks
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

THE PARISH OF OUR LADY OF THE

ABANDONED OF SANTA ANA
Sta. Ana, Manila
 BASILICA DEL
SANTO NIÑO
 Cebu
 Rev. Juan de Albarran
 Oldest Roman Catholic
church in the Philippines
 "the symbol of the birth and
growth of Christianity in the
Philippines”
 The present building, which
was completed from 1739-
1740, has housed the
oldest religious image in
the country ever since.
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

BASILICA DEL SANTO NIÑO

Cebu
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

BASILICA DEL SANTO NIÑO

Cebu
 LA PURISIMA
CONCEPCION DE
LA VIRGEN MARIA
PARISH CHURCH
 Baclayon, Bohol
 Coral stone
 National Cultural Treasure
 National Historical
Landmark


 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

LA PURISIMA CONCEPCION DE LA VIRGEN

MARIA PARISH CHURCH
Baclayon, Bohol
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

LA PURISIMA CONCEPCION DE LA VIRGEN

MARIA PARISH CHURCH
Baclayon, Bohol
 SAN PEDRO
APOSTOL PARISH
CHURCH
 Loboc, Bohol
 Coral stone
 National Cultural Treasure
 National Historical Landmark
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

SAN PEDRO APOSTOL PARISH CHURCH

Loboc, Bohol
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

SAN PEDRO APOSTOL PARISH CHURCH

Loboc, Bohol
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

SAN PEDRO APOSTOL PARISH CHURCH

Loboc, Bohol
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
 Civic
Architecture
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

CIVIC ARCHITECTURE
• Palacio de Gobierno “Casa Reales” (royal houses)
• Ayuntamiento
• Aduana
• Municipios
• Schools

FEATURES:
• Atrial plans
• Architecturally indistinguishable
AYUNTAMIENTO
DE MANILA
 Intramuros, Manila
 Bureau of Treasury
 urban palace in the
European style
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

AYUNTAMIENTO DE MANILA
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

AYUNTAMIENTO DE MANILA
ADUANA
 Intramuros, Manila
 La Intendencia
 Neo-classical
 Customs House
 Spanish engineer
Tomás Cortes
 Adobe stones
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

ADUANA
 PALACIO DEL
GOBERNADOR
 Intramuros, Manila
 Atrial plan
 Rebuilt at its present site by Gov.
Gen. Fausto Cruzat y Góngora
(1690-1701)
 Southern wing:
-(upper floor) Residence of
the Governor General
-(lower floor)Secretaría de
Gobierno
 14 storey Commission on
Elections Headquarters
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

PALACIO DEL GOBERNADOR

Intramuros, Manila
 REAL
AUDIENCIA
 Intramuros, Manila
 Superior Court (highest tribunal
within the territories of the
Captaincy General of the
Philippines)
 large meeting room with three
windows, a carpeted floor and
twelve seats for the oidores
(judges)
 Jail
 Tomas Cortes
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

REAL AUDIENCIA
 MALACAÑANG
PALACE
 Built in 1750
 Don Luís Rocha
 Summer residence for
governors
 After the 03 June 1863
earthquake destroyed the
Palacio del Gobernador,
became the Governor-
General's official residence
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

MALACANANG PALACE
Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

MALACAÑANG
• Sketch of Malacañang Palace
and its surroundings by
Gregorio Verdú. 1856. SHM
• Malacañang started off as a
house made of wood,
situated on the banks of the
Pasig River.
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

MALACAÑANG
• Ground plan of
the Malacañang
Palace. Luis del
Rosario y Rivas.
1897. AHN
• This palace was
originally
designed as a
summer
residence for
governors.
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

MALACAÑANG
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

MALACAÑANG
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

OBSERVATORIO
METEOROLÓGICO DE MANILA
 OBSERVATORIO
METEOROLÓGICO
DE MANILA
 a private non-stock, non-profit,
scientific research institution
established in 1865 by the
Jesuit mission in the
Philippines.
 It has done weather
forecasting and earthquake
research and today researches
seismic and geomagnetic
phenomena as well as radio
and solar physics.
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

OBSERVATORIO METEOROLÓGICO DE MANILA

Quezon City, Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

OBSERVATORIO METEOROLÓGICO DE MANILA

Quezon City, Manila
HOSPITAL DE SAN
JUAN DE DIOS
 The hospital is considered the
oldest hospital in the
Philippines.
 It is named after San Juan de
Dios, a Portuguese-born soldier
that turned health-care worker
of Spain.
 A private, non-stock, non-profit,
joint institute of education and
tertiary health sciences
operating as a college and a
hospital in Pasay City,
Philippines.
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

HOSPITAL DE SAN JUAN DE DIOS

Pasay City, Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

HOSPITAL DE SAN JUAN DE DIOS

Pasay City, Manila
 COLEGIO DE
SANTO TOMÁS
DE MANILA
 Known todays as University
of Santo Tomas (UST)
 One of the oldest existing
universities and holds the
oldest extant university
charter in the Philippines
and in Asia.
 It was originally conceived
as a school to prepare
young men for the
priesthood.
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

Sampaloc, Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

Sampaloc, Manila
 PUENTE
COLGANTE
 Originally called Puente de
Claveria, was a suspension
bridge that connected the
Manila districts of Quiapo and
Ermita across the Pasig River
in the Philippines.
 Designed by the Basque
engineer Matias
Menchacatorre and
completed in 1852, it was the
first suspension bridge in
Southeast Asia and the first
toll bridge of its kind in the
Philippines.
 The bridge was replaced by
Quezon Bridge in the 1930s.
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

PUENTE COLGANTE
Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

PUENTE COLGANTE
Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

QUEZON BRIDGE
Manila
 PUENTE DE
ESPAÑA
 A bridge that spanned the
Pasig River in the
Philippines connecting the
areas of Binondo and Santa
Cruz on Calle Nueva (now
E.T. Yuchengco St) with the
central Manila.
 The bridge was replaced by
Jones Bridge that was
started 1916 and completed
in 1921
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

PUENTE DE ESPAÑA
Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

PUENTE DE ESPAÑA
Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

JONES BRIDGE
Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

JONES BRIDGE
Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

JONES BRIDGE
Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

JONES BRIDGE
Manila
 DAMPOL ARCH
BRIDGE
 A nearly two century old,
single arch unreinforced
bridge that spans the
Abanatan Creek in Nueva
Vizcaya.
 Its red-colored bricks were
made from an old adobe
workshop near the church,
when Spanish Dominican
friar Fr. Francisco
Rocamora was vicar.
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
Dampol Arch Bridge

DAMPOL ARCH BRIDGE

Dupax Del Sur, Nueva Vizcaya
 HOTEL DE
ORIENTE
 It was a first class hotel
and indeed, at one time
was the only one in the
entire archipelago,
loacated in Binondo.
 This was the most
prestigious hotel in Manila
where most of the newly
arrived American officer’s
wives lived.
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

HOTEL DE ORIENTE
Binondo, manila
 LA INSULAR
CIGAR FABRICA
 A famous landmark in
Binondo before the war.
 The factory together with
Hotel Oriente and other
building in its surrounding
was ravaged by fire
during the liberation of
Manila in 1944.
 La Insular exported cigars
and tobacco to different
countries abroad, with the
majority going to the
United States and
England.
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

LA INSULAR CIGAR FABRICA

Binondo, manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

LA INSULAR CIGAR FABRICA

Binondo, manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

LA INSULAR CIGAR FABRICA

Binondo, manila
 CARRIEDO
 A fountain built in honor of
the 18th-century Capitán
General of Manila, Don
Francisco Carriedo y
Peredo, benefactor of
Manila's pipe water
system.
 It was moved three times
before its current location
at Plaza Santa Cruz, right
in front of the Santa Cruz
Church.
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

CARRIEDO
Manila
 FERROCARRIL
DE MANILA
 One of the oldest trains
that traversed the 195-
kilometer railroad track
from Manila to Dagupan
City/
 Where PNR began
operations on November
24, 1892 during Spanish
colonial period, and later
becoming the Manila
Railroad Company (MRR)
during the American
colonial period.
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
 ESTACIONES
DE TUTUBAN
 Known today as the
tutuban Center, a
shopping complex and
public transit hub in
Manila, the Philippines
that opened in 1993.
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
TUTUBAN CENTER
Manila
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
LAS ESTACIONES FERROCARRIL

MEYCAUAYAN BOCAUE BIGAA

MALOLOS CALUMPIT
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
Las Estaciones Ferrocarril

APALIT STO. TOMAS SAN FERNANDO

ANGELES MABALACAT
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
Las Estaciones Ferrocarril

BAMBAN CAPAS TARLAC

PANIQUI GERONA MONCADA

 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
Las Estaciones Ferrocarril

BAYAMBANG SAN CARLOS MALASIQUI

CALASIAO DAGUPAN
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
 Domestic
Architecture
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

ARRABALES
• Suburbs
• Extramuros
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

ACCESORIA
• Apartment dwellings
• Accessoria or Row House
- A house of not more than two stories,
composed of a row of dwelling units entirely
separated from one another by party wall or
walls and with an independent entrance for
each dwelling unit.
• NBC
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
Accesoria
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

ARQUITECTURA MESTIZA
 1645 earthquake
 hybrid construction
 wooden frame and stone
 wooden nails and dovetail joints
 design features:
-bolada (outward projection of the second floor)
-calado (decorative cutwork)
-tabla (wide floorboard)
-ventanilla (sliding panels between the floor &
windows)
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

BAHAY NA BATO
GROUND FLOOR
 Zaguan -for caroza
 Cuadra -horse stable
 Bodega -storeroom
 Escalera / hagdan -stairs
 Entresuelo -vault
 Aljibe -rainwater cistern
 Patio -courtyard
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

BAHAY NA BATO
SECOND FLOOR
 Caida / Ante sala -foyer  Baño -bath
 Sala -living room  Azotea -open terrace
 Comedor -dining room  Balcon -balcony
 Cocina -kitchen
 Dispensa -pantry
 Comun / Latrina –toilet
 Cuarto/ Alcoba/ Dormitorio -bedroom
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

BAHAY NA BATO
GEOMETRIC STYLE
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

BAHAY NA BATO
FLORAL STYLE
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Media Agua
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Bolada
Escalera
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Ventanilla
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Cuadra
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Zaguan
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Caida
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Calado
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Sala
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Comedor
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Alcoba/ Cuarto
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Cocina

Dalikan Pugon
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Cocina

Bangguera Dapogan
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Letrina /Comun
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Balcon
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Patio
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Azotea
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

Aljibe
End of Presentation
References
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Periods. University of Santo Tomas Press
 Alarcon, NI. (2008). The Imperial Tapestry : the American Colonial Architecture
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 Cabalfin, EG. (2015). What Kids Should Know About Philippine Architecture.
Adarna House Inc.
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University of Santo Tomas Publishing House
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Guildebook. Anvil Publishing Inc.
 Lico G. (2008). Arkitekturang Filipino: A History of Architecture and Urbanism in
the Philippines. UP Press.
References
 Lico, G. (2009). Audio Visual Textbook of Philippine Architecture. National
Commission for Culture and the Arts.
 Lico, G. (2013) Istilo: Pocket Guide to Architecture Styles in the Philippines. National
Commission for Culture and the Arts
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National Commission for Culture and the Arts
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Publishing Inc.
 Noche, MML. (2011). Puentes de España en las Filipinas: The Colonial Bridges In the
Philippines. University of Santo Tomas Publishing House.
 Nolasco B. (2013). National Treasures: A Journey Through History. National
Commission for Culture and the Arts.
 Morales MV. (2012) Balay Ukit: Tropical Architecture in Pre-WWII Filipino Houses.
Anvil Publishing
 Zialcita, FN. & Martin Jr. IT. (1980) Philippine Ancestral Houses 1810 -1930. GCF
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