Quiz 1 – Inference

Q 1 Indera car showroom is committed to helping its customers get the best driving
experiences through its customer loyalty program. Nevertheless, people new to driving buy
only small, low-priced cars, which fetch the showroom a much smaller profit margin than the
big, expensive cars bought by experienced drivers. The company has sold the same number
of cars this year as last year, with no significant changes in cars' prices and profit margins.
However, the profits from car sales this year are significantly higher than last year.

If the statements above are true, which of the following can be inferred from them?

A.

A significant number of former small-car-buying customers of the showroom bought bigger

B.

This year, the number of buyers of big and expensive cars has been significantly greater than
the number of buyers of small, low-priced cars.
C.

Last year, the number of buyers of small, low-priced cars was higher than that of the buyers
of big, expensive cars, but this year, the difference is significantly higher.
D.

This year, the number of buyers who bought both a small, low-priced and a big, expensive
car was greater than that of last year.
E.

The number of buyers at the showroom who were novice drivers this year was significantly
lower than that last year.

Q2
A hotel’s average daily rate (ADR) is the total revenue generated from the total number of
occupied rooms for a particular duration, and the occupancy rate (OR) is the percentage of
the occupied hotel rooms. From 1997 to 2006, in Magnum Hotel, the average OR was 80
percent, and the ADR was $8000. However, from 2007 to 2016, although the OR increased to
97 percent throughout the period, the ADR came down to $7000.

If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions can be most properly
drawn?
A.

The number of guests at the hotel was lower between 2007 and 2016 than between 1997 and
2006.

B.

The average duration a guest stayed at the hotel was longer between 2007 and 2016 than
between 1997 and 2006.

C.

On average, the hotel guests paid less between 2007 and 2016 than between 1997 and 2006.

D.

The quality of the services accorded to the hotel guests was lower between 2007 and 2016
than between 1997 and 2006.

E.

OR and ADR can sometimes be inversely proportional.

Q3

Given a list of places and the distances between each pair of these places, a traveling
salesman’s fundamental problem has always been to find the shortest possible path that
allows more sales on a route than otherwise. BigTime, an online tracking and guiding
software, solves that problem and helps increase the traveling salesmen’s productivity. This
year, for example, without changing the number of its salesmen, with the help of BigTime,
Beskar, a company that operates in rural areas, has registered this year, per salesman, at least
double the volume of sales as last year.

If the information given above is true, which of the following can be correctly inferred?

A.

No factor other than BigTime contributed to the increase in Beskar salesmen’s sales volume
from last year to this year.

B.
This year, the regular rural customers of Beskar bought twice the amount of goods as last
year.

C.

A Beskar salesman who doubled his sales this year did so because he found the shortest
possible route on his visits to the places in the rural area where he operates

D.

Beskar’s total volume of sales has more than doubled from last year to this year

E.

Without the help of BigTime, Beskar salesmen would not have doubled their sales volumes
this year.

Q7
The Greek historian Herodotus, the Father of History, reported several personally-witnessed
events in his book ‘The Histories’. The most recent of these events occurred in 430 BCE. The
exact details of when Herodotus was born and died are unknown. However, an anecdote of
unquestionable authenticity states that Sophocles, the Greek playwright, who was born in 496
BCE, wrote, in his fifty-fifth year, an ode to Herodotus in which he described his meeting
with Herodotus.

The facts above best support which of the following conclusions?

A.

Herodotus was born before 496 BCE.

B.

Herodotus must have died before 441 BCE.

C.

Sophocles must have met Herodotus in 441 BCE.

'The Histories' was written in 430 BCE.

E.

The meeting between Sophocles and Herodotus took place before 430 BCE.

Q8
With student to faculty ratio being the same in both colleges a decade ago , student strength
in Delta College, which provides technical education, has increased by 100% in the last
decade while the student strength in Omega college, which provides non-technical education,
has increased by 50%. Faculty strength in both colleges has increased by 20%, during same
period

Which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn based on the above information?

A.

Delta College has earned more revenue than Omega College in the last decade.

B.

Delta College has admitted more students than Omega College in the last decade.

C.

Students have more interest in technical education than in non-technical education.

D.

Student to faculty ratio in Omega College is higher than the student to faculty ratio in Delta
College

E.

Decrease in faculty to student ratio is more in Delta College than Omega College in the last
decade.

Q9
Question:
When the value of exports of a country fall below the value of imports, the country faces a
deficit in its trade balance. This reduces its power to import goods from foreign countries.
Latvia’s exports which pay for the import of necessary food grains have declined. The
population of the country however, has not changed. Reducing the import of the necessary
grains is not a workable solution, since Latvia does not produce much of these grains that are
the staple diet of its people.

The information given above most strongly supports which of the following?

A.

Latvia which is suffering from a sharp reduction in exports can identify the reasons behind
the decline and bring in policy changes to rectify the same.

B.

When the exports of a country decline sharply, most of the domestic industries are the first to
get directly and quickly impacted.

C.

In Latvia, if the consumption of the staple grains is not lower than before, the import of some other
item in Latvia will be cut back or stopped.

D.

If Latvia identifies methods to increase the production of some other food item such as meat, then the
import of necessary food grains can be reduced.

E.

In order to reverse the decline in exports, Latvia should reduce the prices of its export items such that
it is only slightly lower than the competitor items in the international market

Q10

 The UN’s World Happiness Report (WHR), which ranks countries by their happiness levels,
is based primarily on citizens ranking their countries on a happiness scale. While economic
development is critical to the ranking, only high per capita GDP and high standard of living
do not make citizens rank their country high on the scale. There must be substantive
improvements in the quality of life—based on freedoms and rights accorded to the citizens
and significantly low corruption levels in the country.
If the facts stated in the passage above are true, it can be inferred that the author is arguing in
favour of which of the following? 
A.

A citizen in a non-corrupt country with a high quality of life is more likely to rate their country high
on the happiness scale than a citizen in a highly developed country with a significantly high standard
of living.

B.

A citizen of a country with high levels of quality of life, corruption, economic development, and
standard of living is highly likely to rate their country high on the happiness scale.

C.

A non-corrupt and remarkably liberal country with an exceedingly high per capita GDP and a high
quality of life is not necessarily likely to be rated high on the happiness scale by its citizens.

D.

For a country to be rated high on the happiness scale, high quality of life and low corruption should
simultaneously exist with high per-capita GDP and living standards.

E.

A citizen of a country can be unhappy despite the country having a high quality of life, low
corruption, high levels of per-capita GDP, and living standards.

QUIZ 2( ASSUMPTION, STRENGTHEN, WEAKEN, EVALUATE)

In Zoyda, ticks carrying the Congo virus infect the cattle with the virus while sucking the
blood of the cattle. Exposure to such cattle transmits the virus to the humans, affecting the
functioning of the human liver and even leading to death if not treated at an early stage. The
government of Zoyda has decided to kill the ticks by spraying the cattle with a spray, TKS
which is lethal for the ticks. Use of this spray is expected to significantly reduce the incidence
of human deaths caused by the virus.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument based?

A.
The spray TKS will not adversely affect the cattle, thereby reducing the cattle population.

B.

TKS is the most effective killer of ticks and has shown a lot of promise during experiments.

C.

No other virus is a major or immediate threat to human life.

D.

Cattle are the only medium through which the Congo virus is transmitted to humans.

E.

Ticks carrying the Congo virus do not transmit it directly to humans in much larger
proportion than do cattle.

Q4

A good number of workers, between the age of 30 to 35, working in a leather manufacturing
factory are suffering from premature aging of skin. Even workers under 25 in the unit have
begun to face the same problem. The process of manufacturing leather involves the use of
some caustic chemicals which the workers need to apply on raw leather, sitting in direct
sunlight for at least a couple of hours daily. Although sun rays damage the human skin if it is
daily exposed to sunlight for a couple of hours, skin specialists hypothesize that the caustic
chemicals are the major cause of such premature aging of the skin in the workers.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the skin specialists’ hypothesis?

A.

The workers work in the sunlight when the heat is maximum, without taking a single break in
between.
B.

Mostly in their middle ages, the workers of another leather manufacturing unit nearby have not
reported any problems of premature aging of skin.

C.

The skin of the workers’ hands showed significantly more signs of premature aging than the skin of
other uncovered areas of the body.

D.

The workers of the factory started facing the problem within a few years of joining the factory but did
not report the problem until much later.

E.

Many workers have ignored the safety measurements that could have saved their skin from premature
aging problems.

Q6 The running of museums is paid for by the collections from sales of tickets. Keeping a
museum that also houses many rare and thus more expensive ancient artefacts operational
requires huge funds which is a constraining factor in deciding the kind and number of
artefacts to be displayed. Now, a small group of extremely rich collectors and patrons donate
huge funds to the museum only in lieu of the right to decide the type of artefacts to be bought
and displayed. However, if the decision was left to the curator of the museum, more number
of rare and ancient artefacts would be on display.

Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?

A.

In the absence of the collectors and patrons’ funds, the museum will have to sell some
existing artefacts to acquire newer ones.

B.

The sales from the museum will only be able to compensate for about half the amount
received from the funds given by the patrons.
C.

The people who visit museums do not really have the knowledge to understand the true value
of the rare artefacts on display.

D.

Collectors of rare artefacts and patrons of the museums rarely extend their support for reasons
other than the sole rights to run the museum.

E.

Curators of the museum sometimes do not have complete knowledge of the artefacts
displayed in the museum.

Q7

The soil and climatic conditions are equally favourable for growing either of the cash crops,
jute or cotton in Quentario. Currently most farmers cultivate both crops alternately in a year.
However, agricultural consultants are advising the farmers to switch to producing two crops
of only cotton in a year if they want to increase their profits.

Which of the following would be most useful for the farmers to know in evaluating the
recommendation given in this argument?

A.

Whether growing only cotton is more beneficial than growing only jute?
B.

Whether growing only cotton will double the production of cotton obtained than when
growing both the crops?
C.

Whether cotton will fetch the same price as jute in the market?

D.

Whether jute production can be stepped up by improving the farming practices?

E.

Whether cotton can also be grown in the season when Jute is usually grown?

Quiz 3

Q1

Dietician: Both sucrose—commonly known as table sugar, white sugar or just sugar—and
salt are known to cause aggravated levels of hypertension, resulting in an increased risk of
heart disease. However, a study published by US researchers in an online journal suggests
that sugar is far worse than salt for people suffering from hypertension. Therefore, since some
salt in diets is inevitable, people suffering from hypertension should entirely give up sugar.
 
Objection: Such people when they stop sugar intake, suffer from uncontrollable sugar
cravings, which can be easily satisfied by fruits. Moreover, fruits, though sweet, are good for
health in many ways. Therefore, to maintain good health without having to suffer sugar
cravings in the absence of sugar, these people should consume fruits.
 
Which of the following, if true, most counters the objection made to the dietician’s
suggestion?

A.

The substance that makes fruits sweets makes up 5 to 10% of the fruits’ weight.

B.
The substance that makes fruits sweet is also found in vegetables, which are, in general,
healthier than fruits.

C.

Fructose, which gives sweetness to fruits, is far worse than sucrose for people suffering from
hypertension.

D.

Most people, on average, consume fewer fruits than equivalent quantities of sugar.

E.

For people suffering from hypertension, it is easier to avoid sugar than fruits because many
food products are available in the sugar-free form

Q2

In the last ten years or so, there has been a significant increase in the greenhouse gas
emissions in the city of Greenland. During the same time there has been a significant increase
in the use of plastic and paper bags alike which are mostly disposed of by burning. Therefore,
the increase in temperatures induced by increased greenhouse gas emissions is primarily
because of the burning of plastic and paper bags.

A.

Burning the plastic waste can often be a cheaper option than recycling the plastic material.
B.

The flourishing economy of Greenland has seen a significant increase in the production and
consumption of paper packaged goods
C.

Meteorologists have linked the increased consumption of plastic and paper to global trend of
increasing temperatures and rising sea levels
D.

Many climate campaigns have been successful in creating awareness about the adverse
effects of burning garbage on climate
E.
Development of the industrial sector has required the clearing up of the cooling natural
vegetation cover on a massive scale over the last decade

Q4

Fashion Magazine intends to allow its name to be used by a footwear manufacturer. Such a
move is risky for the magazine because if the footwear are not liked by the customers, the
reputation of the magazine will be damaged, reducing both the demand for the magazine and
advertising. However, certified authorities have found the footwear to be the best among all
other footwear advertised in Fashion. Therefore, Fashion can earn revenues from the
footwear manufacturer without risking its other avenues of income.
 
The argument above assumes which of the following?
A.

Other footwear manufacturers will not view Fashion as a less viable medium of advertising
because of the magazine’s name is linked to a rival product.

B.

All other footwear brands are inferior to the footwear brand that will be associated with the
Fashion name

C.

Fashion is not going to associate its name with any products other than the footwear line.

D.

Customers who read the Fashion only occasionally will be inclined to look up the footwear
that uses Fashion’s name.

E.

Fashion is the highest selling of all magazines featuring fashion related productQ6
Q 6 Last year, only 5 percent of the doctors were unsuccessful in treating Cholera patients in
Freeland while in same year, 25 percent of the doctors were unsuccessful in treating Cholera
patients, in Joyland. These figures clearly show that doctors in Freeland are far more efficient
than doctors in Joyland in treating Cholera patients.
 
The argument above depends on which of the following assumption?
A.

The number of doctors in Joyland are not significantly greater than the number of doctors in
Freeland.
B.

On average, the severity of the Cholera cases in Joyland is comparable to that of the cases in
Freeland
C.

The doctors in Joyland are not less qualified than the doctors in Freeland.
D.

The hospital infrastructure and facilities in Joyland are not as developed as the state-of-the-art
hospitals in Freeland.
E.

Doctors in Freeland and Joyland have equal experience of treating Cholera patients.
Q9

Retail Store Owner: According to the annual sales report, of the four sections in our
downtown supermarket, the general grocery section, which usually contributes at least 70
percent of the supermarket’s profits, has performed unusually badly this year. However,
thankfully, the statistics of bakery and dairy sections’ performance—they have together
contributed 34 percent of the supermarket’s overall profits, up from 19 percent last year—
suggest that more bakery and dairy items must have been sold this year than last year.
 
Which of the following, if true, most seriously casts doubt on the owner’s conclusion?
A.

This year, the supermarket's overall sales and profits came down by sixty percent, and the
contribution of the general grocery section to the overall profits was 65 percent
B.

The fourth section’s contribution to the supermarket’s profits has been just about 29 percent
this year.
C.

Based on the statistics pertinent to just three of the four sections of the supermarket, it is
impossible to determine whether two of the sections have done better.
D.
The supermarket is in a locality where the consumption of bakery and dairy products is lower
than in most other localities in the region.
E.

As a rule, in supermarkets, the general grocery section contributes most to their profits

Q 10

A European company manufactures specialty packaged foods and is one of the major
exporters of such foods to the United States. It reported a third-quarter net income of $100
million in 2008. In the third quarter of 2007, the net income, however, was $81 million. The
increase in 2008 occurred in spite of a drop in exports of specialty packaged foods to the US
due to the 2008 US recession.

Which of the following, if true, would contribute most to an explanation of the increase in the
manufacturer’s net income?
A.

In the third quarter of 2008, the manufacturer paid no wages during a two-and-a-half-month-
long strike at the manufacturing units but had on hand adequate supplies to export.
B.

In the third quarter of 2008, the manufacturer exported for free a huge volume of specialty
packaged foods as the company’s charitable contribution to the European Union’s recession-
relief for the US.
C.

During the third quarter of 2008, few European specialty packaged food manufacturers could
insulate themselves from the financial shocks of the 2008 US recession despite a significantly
increased demand for specialty packaged food from third-world countries.
D.

Sales in the United States of specialty packaged foods made and sold by foreign companies
were higher in the third quarter of 2008 than in any previous year.
E.

During the third quarter of 2008, the manufacturer announced that it would add dry-fruit-
based specialty packaged foods to its range of products.