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Resolución de evaluaciones parciales

EVALUACIÓN

Plan Estudios
ABOGACÍA - 2003 (DIST.)

Materia Semestre
INGLÉS JURÍDICO II 2

Período Turno División

Evaluación Fecha Permite Entrega Parcial

Responde
VILLALBA, NATALIA DENISE

PAUTAS

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CUESTIONARIO
Preguntas | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |

Pregunta Nº 1 Puntaje Pregunta Puntaje Obtenido

5.00

A) Lea el siguiente texto con atención y realice las actividades que se sugieren a continuación.

CONTRACTS
1- Simple Contracts A contract is made where parties have reached agreement , or where they are deemed to
have reached an agreement , and the law recognizes rights and obligations arising from the agreement . Almost
all contracts are simple contracts, as distinguished from specialty contracts, i.e. contracts made under seal. Any
general study of the law of contract must be concerned almost entirely with simple contracts.
2- Essential elements There are three fundamental elements in any simple contract. They are:
1. Agreement: The parties must have reached, or to be deemed to have reached, agreement.
2. lntention: The parties must have intended, or to be deemed to have intended, to create legal relations.
3. Consideration: According to the terms of agreement, some advantage moves from each party to the other.
The giving of mutual advantages by the parties is the essence of a bargain. Any advantage or benefit
moving from one party to another is known as consideration.
In any transaction where one of these elements is missing there is no contract.

3- Manner of agreement: An agreement may be made in any manner whatsoever, provided the parties are in
communication. An agreement may be made:
a) in writing
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b) by word of mouth or
c) by inference from the conduct of the parties and the circumstances of the case or
d) by any combination of the above modes.

4- The test of agreement: Adequate tests are necessary to enable the court to decide cases involving dispute:
a) as to whether agreement was reached at all, or
b) as to the extent of the agreement, i.e. the terms of the agreement.
In both issues the intention of the parties is paramount. The function of contract law is, largely, to develop principles
which may be used towards the settlement of such disputes . lt is very important to understand that the question of
terms of contracts does not arise unless and until it is established that agreement has been reached.

5- Intention and agreement: The intention of the parties is gathered from the express terms of contract. Also,
where necessary, the conduct of the parties is taken into account, for much can be infered from conduct. The court
is not concerned with inward mental intent of the parties, but rather, with what a reasonable man would say was the
intention of the parties, having regard to all the circumstances. Where it is necessary to give a contract business
efficacy, the court will imply terms to give effect to the presumed intentions of the parties. The presumed intention
may or may not be the same as the actual intention. lt must follow that when we speak of "agreement" in contract,
we include the notional agreement which the parties may be deemed to have reached.

lt has been held by the House of Lords that in construing the written terms of a contract, evidence of the preceding
negotiations is not admissible, nor is evidence of the parties' intentions during negotiations: Prenn v. Simmonds
(1971).

6- Offer and acceptance. In order to discover whether agreement was reached between the parties, it is usual to
analyse the negotiations into offer and acceptance. Many negotiations are too complicated to lend
themselves to an easy analysis of this kind , but the courts will try to discover whether , at any time , one party
can be said to have accepted the firm offer of the other.
Sometimes analysis will show a unilateral contract, i.e. that the offeror has included in his offer an express
provision that, performance by the offeree in a manner stipulated in the offer, will conclude a binding contract. A
common example would be the offer to pay a reward to the finder of a lost valuable.

7- Rlghts and obllgations. Where the parties have made a binding contract, they have created rights and
obligations between themselves. The contractual rights and obligations are correlative e.g. X agrees with Y to sell
his car for $ 500 to Y. In this example, the following rights and obligations have been created:
a) X is under an obligation to deliver his car to Y. Y has a correlative right to receive the car.
b) Y is under an obligation to pay $ 500 to : X has a correlative right to receive the $ 500.

8- Breach of contract Where the party neglects or refuses to honour a contractual obligation, there is a breach
of contract. A breach by one party causes a right of action to accrue to the other party. The usual remedy for
breach of contract is damages, i.e. the award of a sum of money to put the aggrieved party in the position he would
have enjoyed had the contract not been broken. The sum is paid, of course, by the contract breaker following the
award of the court. In certain special circumstances, the court may order the contract - breaker to carry out his
contractual promise specifically. This is known as the equitable remedy of specific performance. Specific
performance is never awarded where damages will suffice.

9 - Specialty Contracts. The terms of some contracts are embodied in a document which is then signed, sealed
and delivered by the parties. This is the most solemn formality of contract- making known to English law. The most
important practical difference between simple contracts and specialty contracts is that the period of limitation is six
years and twelve respectively. The period of limitation is the period of time in which that action for breach of contract
may be brought. The Limitation Act 1980 provides that an action upon a specialty contract cannot be brought after
the experiation of twelve years from the date on which the cause of action accrued, i.e. the date of the breach of
contract ( see . 17:32). A promise given under seal is binding even if was given in return for consideration from the
promise (sea 4:1). Source: Major, W. T. The Law of Contracts, London, 1992.

B) Actividades

1. Escriba el título de la sección donde usted encuentra los siguientes temas. (5pts.)
Derechos y Obligaciones. Sección N° ___ _______________________
La intención y el acuerdo. Sección N°___ _______________________
Los contratos simples. Sección N°___ ________________________
Los elementos esenciales. Sección N°___ ________________________
El modo de acuerdo. Sección N°___ ________________________

No Contesta
INTENTO Nº
Respuesta

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Subir

Pregunta Nº 2 Puntaje Pregunta Puntaje Obtenido

42.00

2. Encuentre en el texto las siguientes ideas y transcríbalas en inglés. (42pts)

a) Se considera incumplimiento de contrato cuando una de las partes desatiende o rehúsa cumplir una obligación
contractual.

b) El recurso usual para el incumplimiento es daños y perjuicios.

c) En ambos casos la intención de las partes es fundamental.

d) La ley reconoce los derechos y obligaciones que surgen del acuerdo.

e) Para determinar si se llegó a un acuerdo entre las partes, es común analizar las negociaciones respecto de la
oferta y la aceptación.

f) Todo estudio general de la ley de contratos debe estar relacionado casi por completo con los contratos simples.

No Contesta
INTENTO Nº
Respuesta

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Pregunta Nº 3 Puntaje Pregunta Puntaje Obtenido

30.00

3. Establezca si las siguientes expresiones son Verdaderas o Falsas. Corrija las respuestas falsas. (30 pts)
Cada vez que las partes realizan un contrato de obligaciones crean derechos y obligaciones entre las
partes. _______
Las partes deben haber arribado a un acuerdo, o deben estar obligados a haber alcanzado un acuerdo.
________
La intención de las partes se establece por escrito en el contrato. ________
La diferencia práctica más importante entre los contratos simples y los sellados es la firma y el sello.
________
Son necesarias pruebas adecuadas que permitan a la Corte decidir los casos que presentan conflicto.
_________
La Corte no tiene atribuciones para ordenar a quien viola un contrato a que lleve a cabo su promesa
contractual. ________

No Contesta
INTENTO Nº
Respuesta
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Subir

Pregunta Nº 4 Puntaje Pregunta Puntaje Obtenido

23.00

4. Traduzca al castellano el primer párrafo del texto. (23pts)

1- Simple Contracts A contract is made where parties have reached agreement, or where they are deemed to
have reached an agreement , and the law recognizes rights and obligations arising from the agreement . Almost
all contracts are simple contracts, as distinguished from specialty contracts, i.e. contracts made under seal. Any
general study of the law of contract must be concerned almost entirely with simple contracts.

No Contesta
INTENTO Nº
Respuesta

Subir

Puntaje Total 100.00 Nota

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