Kalinga PDPFP 2017-2022 - 1st Draft

Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan (PDPFP), 2017-2022
Province of Kalinga
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1. Brief historical background of the province
The name “Kalinga” is believed to be derived from the Ibanag and Gaddang
dialects - Kalinga means enemy, fighter or headhunter. In the past when tribal wars
were prevalent, the inhabitants of Cagayan and Isabela considered the Kalingas as
enemies in their headhunting attacks on the Ibanag and Gaddang territories. However,
there is no geographic or ethnic basis to this ascription on Kalinga. Yet the term has
become the official ethnic name accepted even by the natives themselves. (Billet and
Lambrechet, 1970)
Kalinga and other Cordillera people are believed to have arrived in separate
migrations from the Southeastern or Eastern Asia. The Indonesian immigrants who came
to Luzon thousand years ago are said to be the ancestors of the present Kalingas and
Apayaos. The original migrants of Northern Luzon might have had a common culture; but
due to particular conditions of economy, water supply, population density, and ecology,
cultural differences began to manifest among the Northern Luzon mountain people,
resulting into various ethno linguistic tribes: Ibaloy, Bontoc, Ifugao, Kalinga, and
Sagada.
In 1912 the Philippine Commission created the old Mountain Province composed
of seven sub-provinces divided along ethnic lines: Amburayan, Apayao, Benguet,
Bontoc, Ifugao, Kalinga and Lepanto. In the 1920s, Amburayan and large areas of
Lepanto and Benguet became part of La Union and Ilocos Sur, and other portions added
to Bontoc. Thus, such territorial change resulted to the five sub-provinces: Benguet,
Bontoc, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Apayao (Scott 1975:1). The Mountain Province was
administered by a Governor and each sub-province by a Lieutenant Governor.
When the Americans took control over the Philippines, the Cordillera mountain
lands were organized into one political territory as the Lepanto-Bontoc Province under
Act No. 1876 of the Philippine Commission on August 13, 1908. Twelve years later on
February 4, 1920, Republic Act No. 2772 was promulgated reorganizing the Lepanto-
Bontoc Province into Mountain Province which was constituted by the five sub provinces
of Benguet, Ifugao, Bontoc, Kalinga and Apayao.
On June 16, 1966, Republic Act 4695 was enacted creating the old Mountain
Province which comprised the provinces of Benguet, Ifugao and Kalinga-Apayao.
The provinces of Kalinga-Apayao and Ifugao were then included under the
territorial coverage of Region II while the province of Benguet was placed under Region
I.
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Province of Kalinga
During the term of President Corazon C. Aquino, she issued Executive Order No.
220 on July 15, 1987 creating the Cordillera Administrative Region and the provinces of
Ifugao and Kalinga-Apayao from Region II were included in the territorial coverage of
the Cordillera Administrative Region together with the provinces of Abra, Benguet,
Mountain Province and City of Baguio which were then under Region I.
On February 14, 1995, Republic Act 7878 amended Republic Act 4695 and
converted Kalinga-Apayao into two independent provinces namely; Kalinga and Apayao.
The province of Kalinga has a total population of 82,326 according to the 2007
census. It is composed of seven (7) municipalities and one (1) component city, the City
of Tabuk. The municipalities are Balbalan with 14 barangays, Lubuagan (9), Pasil (14),
Pinukpuk (23), Rizal (15), Tanudan (16) and Tinglayan (20). The City of Tabuk has the
most number of barangays with 42.
2. Bases of the PDPFP and its Context

The PDPFP indicates the province’s 2017-2022 physical and socio-economic
development directions. It aims to maintain a high level of environmental quality while
providing the land use requirements in socio-economic development. This promotes
interventions toward sustainable development as the common direction. It presents the
analytical basis for holistic understanding of the provincial planning environment as
guide in planning for the required interventions responsive of the physical and socio-
economic needs of the province.
2.1 Objectives of the PDPFP
Specifically, it aims to achieve the following considerations:
 clear understanding of existing conditions in the province (SWOT) indicating

future scenarios as an analytical basis for planning the interventions achieving
desired future situation
 a common direction of interventions toward sustainable development
an integrated solutions and approaches responsive to the socio-economic and
physical needs of the province a harmonized policy guides for socio-economic
and physical development ensuring sustainable supply/use of natural resources
 a mutually reinforcing development program packages that will serve as inputs

to and the term of reference for PDIP/ELA formulation and implementation
toward a holistic development approach for the province
 An integrated development framework for all local and sectoral development

plans strengthening the interface between the PLGU with the municipal LGUs,
PLGU and NGAs and the development complementation/enhancement between
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Province of Kalinga
the province and its neighboring PLGUs and POs/NGOs operating in the
province.
2.2 Context of the PDPFP
2.2.1 Hierarchy of plans and linkages
The framework shown in Figure 1 illustrates the hierarchy of development plans,

investment programs and the linkages of the Local Planning & Expenditure Management
outputs in the context of Joint Memorandum Circular No. 2007-1.
Figure1
The Integrated Framework
MTPDP/
MTDIP
NFPP
RDP/RDFP RDIP
Investment
Programming and Budgeting and
Revenue Generation Expenditure Mgt
PDPFP PDIP/AIP Annual Budget
Mid-term Revision
Expenditure Plan
Proj Evaluation &
Development
Initial Screening and

Prioritization of PPAs Realignment Implementation
C/MDP C/MDIP
Monitoring
Impact
Impact and Assessment Project Provincial Development
Information
Outcomes Projects
Base
The first column illustrates the hierarchy of development plans from

national/regional to provincial and city/municipal levels which demonstrates an iterative
formulation process. In the vertical integration process, it requires constant coordination
between and among planning agencies and offices to ensure consistency of plans,
programs and priorities. It will also provide an opportunity for pooling of resources for
program and project complementation.
The PDPFP promotes attainment of the goals and objectives provided for in the
national and regional plans and provides guidelines for the preparation or updating of
municipal plans so that these shall be consistent with and supportive of the development
goals and objectives of the province.
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Province of Kalinga
The feedback linkage between project outcomes and the PDIP and AIP
emphasizes that the outcomes of implemented PPAs must be taken into account in the
preparation of the AIP and in subsequent realignment and adjustment of the Investment
Program. Such outcomes are determined through “monitoring/tracking” of activities that
will form part of community-participated periodic project assessments/evaluation sessions
to bring about collegial development insights/experience on interventions to become the
basis for development guidelines in other/future undertakings.
The horizontal linkages among the processes at the provincial level, planning,
investment programming, budgeting and expenditure management are emphasized. This
is to ensure that the development plan will be operationalized by an efficient budgeting
and expenditure management.
Finally, the linkage between project impacts and the provincial plan is also
highlighted. Although impact assessment is not covered by the guidelines, project impacts
must constitute a major consideration in the preparation and subsequent medium-term
revision of the provincial plan.
2.2.2 Planning Process
Pursuant to the requirements of JMC No. 2007-1, an Executive Order No. 2010-
12, creating the Technical Working Group was issued to spearhead the formulation of the
PDPFP. The PPDO as the chair of the group initiated the conduct of planning workshops
mobilizing the Provincial Development Council and the various sectoral groups. Series of
consultations and planning workshops were conducted to generate the required inputs in
coming out with the plan.
The integration and finalization was done by the members of the Technical
Working Group (TWG) with technical assistance from NEDA-CAR.
The plan was presented to the members of the PDC for final review and adoption
and eventually to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan for their review and approval.
The PDPFP preparation follows JMC No. 2007-1 guidelines promoting

harmonization and synchronization of local planning, investment programming, revenue
administration, budgeting and expenditure management.
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Province of Kalinga
Figure 2
The Integrated Framew ork
Investment
Planning PPAs Programming
Rev enue
Generation
Proj ect Ev aluation

Implementation, and Dev elopment
monitoring and
evaluation
PDIP/
Locally-funded
projects
AIP
Budgeting
Expenditure
Management
The planning process starts with the analysis of the planning environment,
identification of development challenges, goal and objective setting, and strategy
formulation. These will form part of the main content of the PDPFP, which will be the
main source of the strategic program packages.
The PDPFP program packages will be broken down into more specific projects
and activities with cost estimates which will serve as inputs to the investment
programming process. P/P/As are initially screened, ranked, and prioritized to come up
with the Provincial Development Investment Program (PDIP). The current year slice of
the PDIP is the Annual Investment Program (AIP) which serves as basis for budgetary
allocation. The two-way expenditure management and revenue generation relationship in
this figure shows that the investment requirements should be matched with the financing
capacity of the province.
If available fund is insufficient to implement the P/P/As, the project list shall be
reviewed on the cost side and/or additional sources shall be considered on the revenue
side.
2.2.3 Key Policies and Legislative Mandates of the plan
LGUs are both a political unit and a corporate body. LGUs planning function
embodies these two LGU personalities. As political unit, the LGUs are bestowed with
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Province of Kalinga
powers and resources for it to manage and maintain ecological balance in its territorial
jurisdiction (PPFP/CLUP). As corporate bodies, LGUs likewise bestowed with powers
and resources to promote the general welfare of its inhabitants (CDP).
Republic Act 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991), provides that the LGUs
are mandated to prepare two development plans, the Comprehensive Land Use Plan
(CLUP) for municipalities or Provincial Physical Framework Plan (PPFP) for provinces
and the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP).
Section 20 (c) - The local government units shall, in conformity with existing
laws, continue to prepare their respective comprehensive land use plans or physical
framework plans which shall be the primary and dominant bases for the future use of land
resources.
Joint Memorandum Circular signed on 8 March 2007 harmonizes and

synchronizes efforts on local development planning, investment programming, budgeting
and expenditure management.
As an offshoot of the Circular, the National Economic & Development Authority

(NEDA) being mandated in the integration of provincial development plans came up with
the Provincial Local Planning & Expenditure Management (PLPEM) manual which will
guide the provinces in the preparation of the Provincial Development & Physical
Framework Plan.
3. Coverage of the plan
3.1 Historical Coverage
The medium-term Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan

(PDPFP) covers the period 2017-2022. Its strategic development goals and
policies/strategies follow the province’s long-term development vision and physical
development framework particular to the planning period covered by the plan. This is
intended to coincide with the full term of the national leadership. However, a mid-term
review of the plan may be required to:
 provide an avenue to harmonize the incumbent’s and incoming local

leadership’s development agenda
 accommodate emerging issues and concerns that need immediate
response
 mitigate bottlenecks or weaknesses in development P/P/As implementation
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Province of Kalinga
3.2 Geographical coverage
The PDPFP covers the entire province’s development requirements comprising all
the geographic areas (seven component municipalities and a city) within its boundary in
terms of the land, water and air resources for the public, private and ancestral domains.
3.3 Sectoral Coverage

The plan covers the following major sectors identified under the five core elements.
Core Element Sector

Population Population and settlements
Economic Activity Agriculture, Fisheries, Production, Forestry,
Manufacturing, Trade, Industry, Services and
Tourism
Physical Environment, Natural Resources, Protection
Resources/Transport Forest, Transport and Communication
Income/Access Employment, Income and Poverty, Health,
to Services Education, Housing, Sanitation, Security, Social
Welfare, Public Works, Roads, Water Supply,
Solid Waste, Drainage, Power, Other Services and
Facilities
Land Use and Physical All Sectors Integration into Physical/Land use
Framework Framework
4. Outline of the plan
The Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan outlines the

development framework of the province in the next six years (2017-2022). It consists of
the usual plan components organized as follows:
4.1 Introduction – contains the brief historical background of the province, basis of the
PDPFP and its context, coverage and outline of the plan
4.2 Planning Environment – provides analytical bases in the identification of

problems/issues and subsequent courses of action (goals/objectives, strategies, programs
and projects)
4.3 Development Directions and Perspective – this section includes the development
vision statement, goals and strategies. Vision statement - visualizes the province’s
desired state in terms of its unique role in the regional and national development taking
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Province of Kalinga
into considerations the desired state in terms of its people, environment and the form of
governance
4.4 Sectoral and Spatial development issues/goals and objectives – are sets of
problems and issues confronting the drivers of development (population, economy,
physical resources, income/access to services and land use) and the corresponding goals
and objectives
4.5 Sectoral and Spatial Strategies, Plans, Programs and Activities – consist of
specific actions, programs, projects and activities that would respond to the identified
problems/issues and would accomplish the goals and objectives.
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Province of Kalinga
CHAPTER II
THE PLANNING ENVIRONMENT
I. LOCATION, LAND AREA AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISION

The province of Kalinga is located at the central part of the Cordillera
Administrative Region. It lies at 121o17’ East Longitude and 17o26’ North Latitude of the
earth. It is a landlocked province bounded by the provinces of Apayao on the north,
Cagayan and Isabela on the east, Abra on the west and Mountain Province on the south.
Created under Republic Act 7878, the province has a total land area of 3,231.30
square kilometers covering 17% of the total CAR’s land area. It is smaller than the land
area of the provinces of Abra and Apayao but larger than Mountain Province, Benguet
and Ifugao. Abra has the highest land area in the region while Benguet has the least.
Table 1
Land Area and Number of Towns and Barangays by Province, CAR
% Share Number of
Land Area/1 Number of
of Land Mun./
Province (Sq. km.) Barangays/2
Area Cities/2
Abra 4,165.30 21.8 27 303
Apayao 4,413.40 21.5 7 131
Baguio City 48.9 0.3 129
Benguet 2,826.60 14.3 10 140
Ifugao 2,628.20 13.8 13 175
Kalinga 3,231.30 16.8 7/1 153
Mt. Province 2,157.40 11.5 11 144
CAR 19,422.00 5.7 76 1,301
PHILIPPINES 343,448.30 100 1,496 41,945
Sources: /1 Philippine Statistical Yearbook 2009, NSCB
/2
CAR Regional Social and Economic Trends 2009, NSCB
Kalinga is composed of seven (7) municipalities and one (1) component city, the
City of Tabuk, the capital town of the province. The city is comprised of 42 barangays
which is more than one-fourth of the total barangays of the province.
Pinukpuk occupies the largest portion of the province’s land area covering almost
23% of the total land area of the province. It is also the second municipality of the
province with the most number of barangays next to Tabuk. On the other hand, with the
smallest land area and the least number of barangays is the municipality of Lubuagan
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Province of Kalinga
covering mere five percent of the total province’s land area and with only six percent of
the total 153 barangays.
Due to its geographical location being part of Northern Luzon, Kalinga is one
among the top 20 provinces which is highly at risk to the occurrence of tropical
depressions, tropical storms, typhoons and super typhoons.
Table 2
Total Land Area and Number of Barangays
by Municipality, Kalinga
Municipalities Land area % Share Number of % share of
(sq.km) Barangays Barangays
Balbalan 546.44 16.91 14 9.20
Lubuagan 155.83 4.82 9 5.90
Pasil 199.00 6.16 14 9.20
Pinukpuk 728.60 22.55 23 15.00
Rizal 242.16 7.49 15 9.80
Tabuk City 674.90 20.89 42 27.50
Tanudan 386.41 11.96 16 10.50
Tinglayan 297.96 9.22 20 13.10
KALINGA 3,231.30 100.00 153 100.00
Note: The data are just GIS-generated using the Kalinga PENRO map which is intended for
planning purposes. This should not in any way affect the IRA allocation of the province
and component municipaities and Tabuk City.
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Province of Kalinga
Map 1
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Province of Kalinga
Map 2
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Province of Kalinga
M ap 3
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Province of Kalinga
II. POPULATION AND SETTLEMENTS
1. Population: Regional and National Context

Based on the 2015 Population Census of the National Statistics Office, CAR remains
the least populated and least dense region nationwide. The region’s population size accounts
to less than two percent of the total population nationwide with estimated density of only 89
persons per square kilometer. The region’s population growth rate decreased from 2.06% in
the 2010 census year to 1.21 in the 2015 census so its growth rate is lower as compared to the
national average.
Excluding Baguio City, Benguet is the most populated province and the most crowded
province in the region. Its population is more than one-fourth of the total region’s population
with a density higher than the regional average. Its population density of 6,517 is very high
compared to the average national density of 269 persons per square kilometer. In terms of
population growth rate, Kalinga reflected the highest with 3.41% based on the 2007-2010
censuses even higher than the regional and national average growth rates.
On the other hand, Apayao is the most sparsely populated province but it is next to
Kalinga in terms of average annual growth rate with 2.81% followed by Benguet 2.73% while
Abra reflected the lowest average annual rate of 0.54 only.
If the current population growth rate of Kalinga will continue over the coming years,
its population will double in 20 years and that will be in 2030. This would mean more target
population in terms of social services and additional areas for settlement and production
purposes.
Table 3
Population, Annual Population Growth Rate& Density
By Province, CAR 2010-2015
APGR APGR Pop Pop

Land Area Pop Share
Province Pop 2010 Pop 2015 2007- 2010- Density Density
Sq. Km 2015 (%)
2010 2015 2010 2015
ABRA 234,733 241,160 4,165.30 14.00 0.54 0.52 56 58
APAYAO 112,636 119,184 4,413.40 6.92 2.81 1.08 26 27
BAGUIO CITY 318,676 345,366 48.9 20.06 1.82 1.54 6,517 7,063
BENGUET 403,944 446,224 2,826.60 25.91 2.73 1.91 143 158
IFUGAO 191,078 202,802 2,628.20 11.78 1.88 1.14 73 77
KALINGA 201,613 212,680 3,231.30 12.35 3.41 1.02 62 66
MT. PROVINCE 154,187 154,590 2,157.40 8.98 1.22 0.05 71 72
CAR 1,616,867 1,722,006 19,422.00 100.00 2.06 1.21 83 89
PHILIPPINES 92,337,852 100,981,437 343,448.30 1.71 1.39 1.72 269 294
Source: CAR Regional Social and Economic Trends
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Province of Kalinga
2. Provincial Population Size, Distribution

As of 2015 census, the province has a total population of 212,680 which accounts for
12.35% of the total regional population. The newly created city of Tabuk remains to be the
concentration of population in the province with 52.02% which is more than half of the total
population of the entire province. It is second in terms of growth rate of 2.11% with Tanudan
as the first with a growth rate of 3.78% surpassing the provincial, regional and national
average. The economic and social services and opportunities that the city caters are the main
reasons why population tends to move to the city. The concreting of road from Tabuk City to
Tanudan has motivated the residents of the place to go back to the their beloved hometown.
The municipality of Pinukpuk exhibits the second highest in population which
accounted for 15.06% of the total province’s population. The rest of the municipalities have
less than ten percent population share to the province such that when combined altogether,
their population is even lesser than Tabuk’s population. It is noted though that Lubuagan has
the least population share which is only 4.11% of the province’s population (Figure 3).
Figure 1
Population Distribution, 2015
Kalinga Province
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Province of Kalinga
Table 4
Total Population, Growth Rate & Density
By Municipality, 2007, 2010 & 2015
Popn APGR APGR Pop
Popn Popn PopDen
Municipality Share 2007- 2010- Den
2010 2015 2015
2015 (%) 2010 2015 2010
Balbalan 12,082 12,192 5.73 0.19 0.19 22 22
Lubuagan 9,389 8,733 4.11 (2.74) -1.40 60 56
Pasil 9,626 9,644 4.53 (1.54) 0.04 48 48
Pinukpuk 29,596 32,026 15.06 2.13 1.59 41 44
Rizal 15,942 17,038 8.01 2.94 1.34 66 70
Tabuk City 103,912 110,642 52.02 5.73 2.11 154 164
Tanudan 8,529 9,534 4.48 1.66 3.78 22 25
Tinglayan 12,557 12,868 6.05 2.62 0.82 42 43
KALINGA 201,613 212,680 3.41 1.80 62 66
Source: 2010 and 2015 Census on Population, PSA
Note : Land area is based on the NAMRIA map
 Density and Urbanization

The province’s population density based on the 2015 census year is 66 persons per
square kilometer. This is below the regional average of 89 persons per square kilometer as
well as the national average of 294 per square kilometer.
Tabuk City has the highest population density with 164 persons per square kilometer
which is higher than the province as well as the regional average population densities of 66
and 89 respectively. It is followed by Rizal with 70 persons per square kilometer population
density. Balbalan has the lowest population density with 22 persons per square kilometer. It is
noted though that the increase in population densities is consistent with the increase in
pouplation growth rates.
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Province of Kalinga
Figure 2
Population Density: 2007, 2010, 2015
For the purpose of classifying urban settlement areas, the NSO has considered the
following criteria a) poblacion areas or barangays with a population density of 500 persons
per square kilometer, b) barangays with established street pattern and at least six
establishments such as town hall, church, hospital/clinc/health center, market building, public
plaza, etc. and c) barangays with a population of 1000 which meet the aforestated conditions
and where occupation of the residents is predominantly non-farming/fishing.
Given these criteria, only 13 barangays of the 153 total barangays in the province are
considered as urban baragays and the people residing in these barangays which comprise
about 26.80 percent of the province’s total population in 2015 is categorized as urban
population. The bulk of the population with 73.59 percent of the total population are residing
in the rural farming barangays.
Tabuk City with the most number of urban barangays shared the highest urban
population with 38.17 percent of its total population and more than 75 percent of the total
provincial urban population. Consistently, Tabuk City also showed remarkable increase in
urbanization rate due to its role as the provincial capital, and the center for local
administration, commerce, education, health services and other social services. Similarly, the
municipalities of Rizal, Pinukpuk, Balbalan and Tinglayan also showed an improving
urbanization rate while there was a decrease in urban population in Lubuagan Pinukpuk and
Rizal have the potential to be developed as secondary growth centers due to thier proximity
to the provinces of Cagayan, Apayao and Isabela. Once the road network in this municipalities
are improved, economic activities such as business and commerce will surely prosper hence
will encourage population movement.
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Province of Kalinga
Table 5
Population by Urban-Rural Classification
Kalinga: 2010-2015
Popn APGR
Population 2010 Population 2015
Share (URBAN)
Municipalities
2015 2007- 2010-
Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban 2010 2015
KALINGA 49,357 152,256 201,613 56,167 156,513 212,680 26.41 7.87 2.62
Balbalan 1,195 10,887 12,082 1,296 10,899 12,195 10.63 0.5 1.64
Lubuagan 1,550 7,839 9,389 1,421 7,312 8,733 16.27 -1.18 -1.72
Pasil - 9,826 9,626 - 9,644 9,644 - - -
Pinukpuk 2,986 26,610 29,596 5,477 26,549 32,026 17.10 3.04 12.90
Rizal 3,030 12,912 15,942 5,737 11,301 17,038 33.67 1.91 13.62
Tabuk City 39,837 64,075 103,912 42,236 68,406 110,642 38.17 5.9 1.18
Tanudan - 8,529 8,529 - 9,534 9,534 - -
Tinglayan 759 11,798 12,557 833.00 12,035 12,868 6.47 -4.01 1.88
Source: PPDO Computation based on NSO census data
 Growth Rate
In terms of average annual growth rate, the province reflected a decrease from 3.52
percent based on the 2007-2010 census to 1.80 percent growth rate in the 2010-2015 census.
Among the municipailites only Lubuagan reflected a negative growth rates of -1.40 percent
while the other municipalities showed an increasing growth rates.
Tanudan has the highest population growth rate with 2.25 percent which is higher than
the provincial growth rate. Pinukpuk with 1.59 percent comes next, followed by Rizal with
1.34 percent and Tabuk City with 1.26 percent. If this growth rate will remain constant for the
coming years, the province’s current population is projected to double in just 39 years or in
2054. Tabuk City, considering its role as the major education and commercial center of the
province will possibly double in 55 years or in 2080.
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Province of Kalinga
Figure 3
Population Growth Rate by Municipality
Kalinga:
2000-
2007 and
2007-
2010
Given the current population growth rates accross the municipalities, the estimated
total population of the province by 2030 will be 370,191. Correspondingly, the estimated
population density will also increase to 113 persons per square kilometer. In terms of
magnitude, there will be an additional of 157,511 people in 2030. Tabuk with an estimated
annual growth rate of 1. 26% will remain to get the lion’s share of 79.71% of the total
population increase.
Table 6
Estimated Population and Density
by Municipality, Kalinga: 2030
Area Estimated Estimated Add’l Popn

Municipality Popn 2010 Popn 2015
(Sq. km.) Popn 2030 Density 2030 2030
Balbalan 12,082 12,195 546.44 14,218 26 2,023
Lubuagan 9,389 8,733 155.83 10,699 69 1,966
Pasil 9,626 9,644 199 10,979 55 1,335
Pinukpuk 29,596 32,026 728.6 39,887 55 7,861
Rizal 15,942 17,038 242.16 21,680 90 4,642
Tabuk City 103,912 110,642 674.9 236,197 350 125,555
Tanudan 8,529 9,534 386.41 19,316 50 9,782
Tinglayan 12,557 12,868 297.96 17,215 58 4,347
KALINGA 201,633 212,680 3,231.30 370,191 115 157,511
Source of data: PPDO computation
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Province of Kalinga
The municipalities of the province are classified according to the following criteria
based on the population growth and density characteristics:
1. High density and fast-growing settlements: Tabuk City
The dominance of Tabuk City, the newly created component city of the province and
the second city of the Cordillera is striking considering that it is the largest centers with the
highest density and among the fastest growing settlements in the province
2. Low Density and fast growing settlements: Pinukpuk and Rizal
Pinukpuk is adjacent to Tabuk City and a gate way to Cagayan and Apayao. It has the
largest land area and the second in terms of population. Its rapid growth is expected
considering the continued development of the area in terms of its agricultural potentials.
Another growing municipality is Pasil due to its richness in mineral and geothermal
resources. Rizal is also included under this catergory considering its proximity to Tuguegaro
City and the presence of wide potential areas for production and settlement expansion.
3. High density and slow-growing settlements: Lubuagan
Among the high density towns but showed a slowing down of growth rate is
Lubuagan. The slow growth of the area is expected due to out-migration and lack of
economic opportunities where most of the residents migrated to Tabuk City.
4. Low density and slow-growing settlement: Tanudan, Tinglayan and Balbalan
Low density and slow-growing municipalities are Tanudan, Tinglayan and Balbalan.
These municipalities are far from the capital town of Tabuk City and other commercial,
educational and health centers. The rugged terrain especially in Balbalan and Tingalayan is
also a limiting factor for the development of said municipalities .
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Province of Kalinga
M a pM4a p 4
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Province of Kalinga
Map 5
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Province of Kalinga
3. Settlement Pattern
 Existing Settlement Pattern

The settlement pattern in Kalinga is influenced by two major factors. One is by the
traditional lifestyle wherein they prefer to live in villages of clustered houses in the mountain
sides and along river banks where they depend on marginal farming for survival. These
settlements still exist up to the present especially in the upper municipalities. The recent
pattern of settlement is being dictated by the developmental scenarios wherein population
converges in areas along national roads for socio-economic reasons.
Such dispersed settlement pattern result to difficult and expensive provision of basic
facilities and social services like electricity, water pipelines, school buildings, barangay
health centers, barangay roads, etc.
It is observed however that as population increases, these dispersed settlement pattern

will eventually change especially in fast growing and high density settlement areas. At
present, it is noted that there are some settlements that are located in unsuitable or unsafe
areas. These include houses built along steep slopes, river banks and creeks which are prone
to landslides and flooding. Some residential houses are also built along road right of ways
which are prone to accidents.
As of 2016, records from the Provincial Assessor’s office shows that the province
has a total built-up areas to 112,924 hectares which is 37.68% of the total land area (Table
7). These areas are mostly concentrated in the urban centers especially in Tabuk, Rizal,
Pinukpuk, & Balbalan.
Records from the Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
(PDRRMO) showed that during the onslaught of Typhoons Ineng and Lando, some
barangays of Pasil, Balbalan, Lubuagan, Tinglayan and Tanudan were affected and isolated
due to series of landslides closing national, provincial and municipal roads. Likewise, some
barangays of Rizal, Pinukpuk, and Tabuk particularly those situated on flat and low portion
along the Chico River were affected due to flooding. This was also through during Super
Typhoon Lawin “Haima” that devastated the Province in October 19-20, 2016.
23
Province of Kalinga
Table 7
Built-Up Areas by Municipality
Kalinga: 2015 (In hectares)
BUILT-UP AREAS
Forestland
Agriculural
Institutiona
Residential
Commerci
Industrial/
TOTAL
No. Of
Mining
Municipality
Brgy. Tax
al
l
Mapped
Kalinga 131 1,616 433 102,637 14,781 1 115,456 90,196

Balbalan 14 66 1 13,700 9,639 23,406 76,380
Lubuagan 2 209 0 2,480 115 2,704
Pasil 0 29 0 1,669 30 1 1,729 1,859
Pinukpuk 23 186 1 32,560 2,874 35,621 214
Rizal 14 210 2 9,016 107 9,336 1,707
Tabuk City 42 1,053 429 35,783 2,027 39,295 1,733
Tanudan 16 811 6,331 71 7,213 4,458
Tinglayan 20 51 1 1,097 17 1,167 3,845
Source: Provincial Assessor’s Office
Table 8
Built-Up Areas by Municipality
BUILT-UP AREAS
Forestland
Institutional
Commercial
Agriculural
Residential
Industrial/
TOTAL
Mining
Municipality No. Of
Brgy. Tax
Mapped
Kalinga 131 1,658 358 103,079 12,842 1 112,924 205,900

Balbalan 14 66 1 13,699 9,640 23,406 76,380
Lubuagan 2 33 0 2,488 16 2,536
Pasil 0 32 0 1,672 30 1 1,735 1,885
Pinukpuk 23 181 1 32,748 1,097 34,026 3,105
Rizal 14 192 2 9,170 125 9,490 1,587
Tabuk City 42 1,055 353 35,867 1,890 39,165 1,724
Tanudan 16 48 6,338 24 6,410 4,451
Tinglayan 20 51 1 1,097 19 1,168 3,845
Source: Provincial Assessor’s Office
24
Province of Kalinga
 Existing Hierarchy of Urban Centers
Following the criteria for the hierarchy of urban centers (Table 9), Tabuk City being
the capital town and major Public Governance, educational, commercial and health services
centers in the province qualifies as from medium to large town with an urban population of
42,236. On the other hand, Pinukpuk and Rizal are categorized as small towns or secondary
urban growth centers given their proximity to Tuguegaro and Isabela. Tinglayan, Lubuagan
& Balbalan are classified as villages or tertiary urban growth centers based on these
population requirement although socio-economic activities in these municipalities are still
limited.
Table 9
Criteria for Hierarchy of Urban Centers
Urban
Levels of Hierarchy Roles Indicator Functions
Pop.
1. Primary Metropolitan International International port, airport, industry >1,000,000
Centre (Metropolitan production and & commerce
A) distribution center
2. Secondary International International port, airport, industry >250,000
Metropolitan Centre production and & commerce
(Metropolitan B) distribution center
3. Small/ Medium City International International port, airport, industry >100,000
(Primary Urban Center production and & commerce
A) distribution center
4. Large Town (Primary Inter-regional Specialist medical facilities, office >50,000
Urban Center B) center of NGA, tourism facilities
5. Medium Town Provincial Comprehensive shopping tertiary >25,000
(Secondary Urban services and health and education services
Center A) administration processing & marketing
6. Small Town(Secondary Small agri- Entertainment, full range of >2,500
Urban Center B) processing and convenience shops, extension
services services
7. Village (Tertiary Urban Rural service Vehicle maintenance, primary <2,500
Center) health care, some convenience
shops
Source: PPFP Manual
25
Province of Kalinga
Table 10
Existing Hierarchy of Urban Centers, Kalinga: 2015
Levels in Urban Urban Service 2015 urban
Remarks
Hierarchy Center Population
1. Medium Town Tabuk 42,236 Meets all indicative
(Secondary Urban Agbannawag 4,599 Criteria on population, facilities
Center A) Bulanao Centro 19,636 and non-farm livelihood
Bulanao Norte 6,329 activities
Dagupan Centro 3,019
Dagupan Weste 4,581
Magsaysay 4,072
2. Small Town Rizal 5,737 Meets population criteria but
(Secondary Babalag West 1,901 limited socio-economic
Urban Babalag East 1,164 activities
Center B) Liwan West 2,672
Pinukpuk 5,477
Pinukpuk Junction 2,989
Taga 2,672
5 Village Balbalan 1,296 Meets population criteria but
(Tertiary Urban Poblacion(Salegseg) 1,296 very limited non-farm Economic
Center) Lubuagan 1,421 activities
Poblacion 1,421
Tinglayan 833 Short in population criteria but
Poblacion 833 meets criteria on existing
Tanudan facilities/services and limited on
non-farm activities
Source: NSO & PPFP Manual
 Trend Hierarchy of Urban Centers

Given the existing settlement pattern and hierarchy of centers, this plan aims to adopt
a strategy of developing a dispersed urban service centers (USCs) meant to improve spatial
distribution of the provincial population. The strategy provides that Tabuk City remains to be
the seat of governance, commerce, private institutions, center for banking and finance, health
services, vocational and academic education and other socio-economic services and facilities.
With the conversion of Tabuk as a component city, it will definitely be elevated to a large
town
(primary urban center B) given its high development potentials and cityhood status Given
also its wide land area and strategic location within the Cordillera Region, Tabuk City can
26
Province of Kalinga
be developed as the primary regional center of the Cordillera Administrative Region or the
Codillera Autonomous Region (CAR) should it push through and be approved.
Pinukpuk & Rizal are to be developed as expansion areas for settlement and
production considering the wide underdeveloped potential areas. The upper municipalities to
include Balbalan, Lubuagan, Tinglayan & Tanudan will remain as tertiary urban centers and
to be developed as eco-tourism destination but with due regard for the conservation and
proservation of the fragile environment. Balbalan and Tinglayan can also serve as tourism
gateways due to their proximity to Abra and Mountain Province respectively.
Based on the inventory of urban functions, Tabuk City affirms its role as the major
urban center having the most number of functions and facilities. Moving up are the adjacent
municipalities of Pinukpuk and Rizal considering their strategic location as the gateway
towards Tuguegaro City. These urban service centers (USCs) shall be integrated through the
hierarchy of roles and preferred economic activities as determined by the comparative
advantage of each urban service center (USC).
Gleaned from Table 11, Tabuk City dominated over the other municipalities in terms
of the available functions and services which are located in the urban barangays followed by
Rizal and Pinukpuk. This simply implies that people tend to settle in areas with available
functions and services. Among the municipalities, only Pasil and Tanudan have no identified
urban barangays.
27
Pasil
Rizal
Balbalan
Tanudan
Pinukpuk
Tinglayan
Lubuagan
Tabuk City
Municipality
Shopping Malls(SM/Ayala
/
Other Shopping Centers
Jollibee/McDonald/Chowking
/
/
/
Drugstore
/
/
Bank
/
ATM
Deluxe Hotel
/
/
/
/
Other Hotel/Inn/Lodge
Airport
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Internet Household Connection
/
University/College
Regional Hospital
/
/
/
/
/
/
Other Hospital
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Credit Union/Cooperatives
Table: 11
/
/
Kalinga, 2015
Funeral Parlor
Musem/Art Gallery
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Inventory of Urban Functions
Pipe Water System

/
Residential Sub-Division
URBAN FUNCTIONS
28
Health Spa/Sauna
/
/
/
Permanent Market
/
/
Fine Dining Restaurant

/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Agricultural Supplies Store

/
/
/
Water Delivery Service

/
/
/
/
Wood Manufacturing
/
/
Radio Station
/
News Publisher (Even Local)

/
Travel/Tour Agency
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Mobile Phone Connection

/
/
Bus Terminal
/
/
/
Province of Kalinga
Food Processing
6
6
6
7
9
24
14
12
Total
Province of Kalinga
III. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. Topography and Slope
The topography of the province is rugged and sloping with mountain peaks
ranging from 1,000 to 2,500 meters above sea level. The province’s geographic feature on
the western portion is characterized by sharp crested interlinking peaks of steep slopes,
isolated flatlands, plateaus and valleys. The eastern portion is generally rolling and
gradually sloping foothills.
Gleaned from the table below, the province is dominated by steep to very steep
land terrain (50 percent slope and above) covering almost 61.19 percent of the total land
area. These areas are located mostly in the municipalities of Tinglayan, Lubuagan,
Pasil, Tanudan and Balbalan while areas with gently rolling(0-18 percent slope) are
mostly located in Pinukpuk, Rizal and Tabuk.( refer to slope map).This slope
classification is a constraint for the upper municipalities considering that development
is generally limited to areas with 18 percent slope and below.
Given these slope characterestics, most areas along mountainsides are highly
vulnerable to landslides especially in the municipalities of Balbalan, Pasil, Tinglayan,
Tanudan and some part of Pinukpuk. On the other hand, low lying areas especially along
river banks are prone to flooding during prolonged heavy rainfall. These areas are
located in barangays Sa Juan, Cabaruan, Laya West that are located along the lower
portion of the Chico River in Tabuk City and Ammacian in Pinukpuk.
Table 12
Slope Classification, Kalinga
Area (sq.
Slope Class % Distribution
kms)
Level to nearly level (0-3%) 201.32 7.05
Gently Sloping to Undulating (3-8%) 84.74 2.97
Undulating to Rolling (8-18%) 271.21 9.50
Rolling to Moderately Steep (18-30%) 550.30 19.28
Steep (30-50%) 604.75 21.19
Very Steep (>50%) 1,141.74 40.00
TOTAL 2,854.10 100.00
Source: CAR RPFP 2004-2034, NEDA
29
Province of Kalinga
 Elevation
Given its mountainous and rugged terrain, most of the municipalities lies at an
elevation ranging from 500 to 2,000 meters above sea level although some portions of
Rizal & Tabuk are located in areas with lower elevations below 300 meters. The highest
elevations of 2000 and above are located in the mountain peaks particularly in Tinglayan,
Pasil and Balbalan.
Table 13
Elevation Characteristics, Kalinga Province
Elevation (meters above sea level) Area (sq. km) % Distribution

Less than 100 340.00 11.91
100 to 300 487.80 17.09
300 to 500 243.20 8.52
500 to 1,000 710.00 24.88
1,000 to 2,000 1,010.00 35,39
More than 2,000 63.10 2.21
Total 2,854.10 100.00
Source: CAR RPFP 2004-2034
30
Province of Kalinga
Map 6
31
Province of Kalinga
Map 7
32
Province of Kalinga
 Geologic and Soil Features

The province of Kalinga is part of the physiographic province known as the Luzon
Central Cordillera. As delineated by the Bureau of Mines and Geosciences, this
physiographic unit occupies the central portion of northern Luzon, from Benguet to Aparri
(BMGS, 1982).
The western highlands of Kalinga consist of Neocene, Paleogene and Early rocks
with Quarternary Volcanic as part of the Central Cordillera Plutonic Complex. Gold, copper
and silver prospects are associated with this complex. The southern highlands are dominated
by Early Rocks and Paleogene. On the eastern and northern parts are dominated by Pliocene
Pleistocene, Quarternary Volcanic and Upper Meocene Rocks.
The geologic formations were generally affected by the diastrophism like faulting,
folding and other geological processes acting on the earth. Likewise, strong tectonic forces
during sedimentation overturned or folded the strategraphic series exposed the older
formation on higher elevation. The upliftment of the area specifically the exposure of the
older formation and plutonic rocks intrusion are generally affected diastrophism along the
major tracts of the Philippine Fault Zone ant its splays (BSWM-LREP 1987-1988)
The soil types in Kalinga are generally clay loam. It is composed mostly of mountain
soils which are partially differentiated and fully differentiated. The soil types per
municipality are specified in the following table.
Table 14
Soil Types by Municipality
Municipality Soil Classification
Balbalan Alimodian Clay Loam and Bolinao Clay Loam
Lubuagan Annam Clay Loam and alimodian Clay Loam
Pasil Annam Clay Loam and alimodian Clay Loam
Almost 50% of the area is classified as Barangay Clay Loam and
Pinukpuk some areas are classified as Alimodian Sandy Loam, Alimodian Clay
and Guingua Clay Loam
Almost 50% of its area are classified a alimodian sandy and the other
Rizal
half is classified as San Juan Clay & Isabela Clay
Classification ranges from Alimodian Sandy Clay, Annam Clay
Tabuk City Loam, Quingua Clay loam, Umingan Sandy loam, San Manuel Loam
and Barcelona Clay
Tanudan Alimodian Clay Loam and Annam Sandy Loam
Tinglayan Annam Clay Loam and Sandy Clay Loam
Source: BSWM
33
Province of Kalinga
Map 8
34
Province of Kalinga
2. Climate
Based on the Updated Climate Map

of the Philippines (Modified Coronas
Classifications) the climate of Kalinga falls
under the Type I and Type III classification.
Type I which affects the western part of the
province is characterized by two pronounced
seasons dry from November to April and wet
for the rest of the year and Type III which
affects the eastern part is characterized by not
very pronounced relatively dry from
November to April and wet for the rest of the
year
The dry season extends from

November to April. The rest of the year is
considered rainy. The heaviest rains usually
occur in the months of July to October.
 Historical and Projected

Temperature
Based on PAGASA data from 1971-

2000, the average historical temperature of
the Cordillera Region ranges from 22.9 to
26.2 degrees Celsius. As compared with the
other provinces of CAR, Kalinga’s coldest
months are December, January and February at 23.8 degrees Celsius which is the 4th coldest
in CAR. Benguet has the coldest temperature among the provinces in CAR with an annual
average of 21.12 degrees Celsius. Meanwhile, the hottest months in Kalinga are June, July
and August at 27.7 degrees Celsius second to Apayao province which recorded the hottest
temperature of 28.4 degrees during the same period.
Within the province, warm temperatures is observed in low lying areas like Rizal,
Tabuk and some barangays of Pinukpuk that are adjacent to Cagayan province. On the other
hand, colder temperature is noted in the mountainous municipalities of Balbalan, Tinglayan,
Pasil, Lubuagan and Tanudan.
35
Province of Kalinga
Table 15
Historical Temperature Record
By Province, CAR
Provinces Quarterly Average (1971-2000)
DJF MAM JJA SON
CAR 22.9 26.1 26.2 25
Abra 24.5 27.4 27.2 26.4
Apayao 24.8 28 28.4 27.1
Benguet 19.4 21.9 22 21.2
Ifugao 22.2 25.6 25.8 24.5
Kalinga 23.8 27.5 27.7 26.1
Mt. Province 22.7 26 26.1 24.9
Source: PAGASA
Based on these observed data, PAGASA has calculated that in 2020, the projected
average temperature on a high range emission scenario is 26.97 degrees Celsius while on a
medium range emission scenario is 27.12 degrees Celsius. This means an average increase of
0.77 degrees based on the observed data. With this, it is projected that hot temperature will
continue to become more frequent in the future. As a result, the projected temperature in
Kalinga by 2050 will range from 29.4 to 29.7 during the months of June to August with an
average increase of 2 degrees based on the projected data in 2020 under a high emission
scenario and 1.13 degrees on a medium range scenario. Hottest temperature is still observed
from March to August and coldest months start from September to February.
This significant increase in temperature in 2050 will have a great impact in the
province most particularly in the agriculture and health sector. This scenario can bring the
province to experience El nino (drought) which will result to scarcity of water and definitely
affect socio-economic development in the province.
36
Province of Kalinga
Figure 4
Projected Temperature in 2020 and 2050
 Historical and Projected Rainfall

Based on the observed data from 1971-2000 by PAGASA, it is noted that there was
an increasing intensity of rainfall starting May to August then gradually decreases until
November. It is also during these months that the province is visited by typhoons. On the
average, the highest monthly rainfall is recorded during the month of August with 381.25
milimeters and the lowest average is recorded during the month of February with only 7.18
milimeters. It is also noted that the municipalities located in higher elevation to include
Balbalan, Lubuagan, Pasil, Tinglayan and Tanudan accounted for the higher intensity of
rainfall than Tabuk, Rizal & Pinukpuk which are located in relatively lower elevation.
37
Province of Kalinga
Figure 5
Observed Rainfall by Municipality (1971-2000)
The projected changes in rainfall which was estimated by PAGASA show that there
will be moderate changes in 2020 and more drastic changes in 2050. In 2020, the decrease in
rainfall is noted during the months of February to April then gradually increases from May to
June. The highest increase in rainfall volume is noted during the month of November with
20.5 mm and there will be decrease in rainfall from March to May which ranges from 5 to
14 mm.
In 2050, the highest increase in rainfall is recorded in January (30.6 mm) and
October (25.32mm). Meanwhile, the highest decrease which ranges from 22 to 29 mm is
during the months of March to May. On the annual average, it is estimated that the total
Rainfall volume will increase by 42.489 mm in 2020 but it will decreased by 9.555 mm. in
2050.
In terms of rainfall frequency, the number of days with rainfall greater than 300mm
in the province during the 2006-2035 period in 2020 is 4 (PAGASA).
38
Province of Kalinga
Figure 6
Projected Change in Rainfall (mm) 2020 & 2050
IV. NATURAL RESOURCES
1. Water Resources
The province is drained mainly by the Chico River with headwater originating from
the Mt. Province and empties into the Cagayan River. The Chico River has several
tributaries: the Tinglayan River in the south, the Tanudan River in the east, the Pasil River at
the middle and the Cal-owan and Saltan Rivers in the north. Small lakes can also be found in
the province particularly the Padcharao Lake in Pasil, Bonnong and Asibanglan Lakes in
Pinukpuk and san Vicente Lake in Rizal. These water resources are being tapped for power
generation (micro-hydro), fishing, and irrigation and for domestic use.
Based on the vulnerability assessment, the availability of water supply is highly
sensitive to the extreme increase in temperatures which usually results to reduction in
rainfall volume. Being a watershed area, shortage of water supply in the province is not much
of a problem except during incidence of prolonged drought or El Nino Phenomenon.
Fortunately, the province was spared from such phenomenon during the last five years hence,
the level of exposure was rated low.
39
Province of Kalinga
Based from the result of the water sampling done along the river system in the
province, the analysis for cyanide and mercury implies that the small scale mining
activities upstream maybe using toxic substances in their operations although the limits in
terms of concentration manifests a negligible result as shown in the tables below. This study
was conducted by the Monitoring and Technical Services Section, Mineral Lands and
Topographic Section and Analytical Laboratory Section of the Department of Natural &
Envirnment Resources on March 24, 2015.
Table 16
Result of the Water Sampling Analysis for Mercury
Province of Kalinga, March, 2015
Station Number ug/L mg/L Station Identification

1 <0.008 <000008 Chico River before Saltan conv.
2 <0.008 <000008 Saltan River before conv.
3 <0.008 <000008 Chico River before conv.
4 <0.008 <000008 Apatan
5 <0.008 <000008 Dao-angan
6 0.0951 0000951 Talalang Beyao River
7 0.0273 0000273 Cagaluan
8 <0.008 <000008 Chico River Bontoc
9 <0.008 <000008 Pasil River
10 <0.008 <000008 After Chico River Bontoc Conv.
11 <0.008 <000008 Naneng
Source: ENRO
Table 17
Result of the Water Sampling Analysis for Mercury
Province of Kalinga, March, 2015
Station Number mg/L Station Identification

1 <000003 Chico River before Saltan conv.
2 <000003 Saltan River before conv.
3 <000003 Chico River before conv.
4 <000003 Apatan
5 <000003 Dao-angan
6 0003 Talalang Beyao River
7 005 Cagaluan
8 <000003 Chico River Bontoc
9 0072 Pasil River
10 005 After Chico River Bontoc Conv.
11 <0012 Naneng
Source: ENRO
40
Province of Kalinga
41
Province of Kalinga
In terms of adaptive capacity, there are existing programs to preserve the watershed areas
such as reforestation activities. Likewise, various projects were also considered to access
available water sources for irrigation and domestic water purposes. Considering all these
factors, the overall results water supply is generally moderate vulnerable to climate change
impacts given the present level of exposure and interventions undertaken at the community
level.
Given these existing scenarios, the assessment result shows that the level of
vulnerability of the forestry sector is generally moderate. While the level of sentivity of the
sector to hazards such as landslide, erosion and drought may be high, the exposure level
is very low since the province has not been severely affected by such disasters during the
last three years (2011-2013). In terms of adaptive capacity, there are existing programs
on community-based forest management by the government and private sectors. These
favorable scenario in totality resulted to the overall vulnerability index of moderate.
Although there is need to sustain and expand the implementation of these interventions in
order to restore balance ecology.
Table 18
Water Supply Vulnerability
Adaptive Vul
Sensitivity Exposure Capacity Index Haz Code
Municipalities WSSH_SWR WSEX_SWR WSAC_SWR Value
Balbalan 0.42125 0.49000 0.72500 0.56337 Moderate
City Of Tabuk 0.37625 0.67500 0.72500 0.60537 Moderate
Lubuagan 0.44125 0.58500 0.72500 0.59787 Moderate
Pasil 0.45125 0.47000 0.75500 0.57838 Moderate
Pinukpuk 0.44125 0.63500 0.69500 0.60087 Moderate
Rizal (Liwan) 0.31125 0.68000 0.69500 0.57538 Moderate
Tanudan 0.41625 0.49500 0.75500 0.57538 Moderate
Tinglayan 0.42125 0.51000 0.75500 0.58137 Moderate
Low Low Moderate
42
Province of Kalinga
Map 10
43
Province of Kalinga
2. Forest Resources
Per data generated from the 2010 NAMRIA Land Cover Map, the forest cover in
Kalinga is mostly composed of broad leaved forest trees with a total of 79,418.27 hectares,
mixed forest trees (2,762.88 hectares) and coniferous or pine trees (8,971.83 hectares). Other
major forest vegetation includes shrubs, grasslands and perennial crops which covers the
widest part of the forest with a total area of 137,191.83 hectares which is almost 50 percent
of the total public forest area of 263,004 hectares.
Table 19
Forest Cover, Province of Kalinga, By Type of Vegetation, 2010
Land
Land Cover Classification Hectares % Distribution
Cover ID
1 Closed forest, broadleaved 40,304.96 14.75%
2 Closed forest, mixed 850.57 0.31%
3 Closed forest, coniferous 22.37 0.01%
4 Open forest, broadleaved 39,113.31 14.32%
5 Open forest, mixed 1,912.31 0.70%
6 Open forest, coniferous 8,948.87 3.27%
7 Other wooded land, shrubs 57,981.07 21.22%
8 Other wooded land, fallow 10.46 0.003%
Other wooded land, wooded
9 36,475.37 13.35%
grassland
10 Other land, natural, barren land 2,948.62 1.09%
11 Other land, natural, grassland 42,735.38 15.64%
12 Other land, cultivated, annual crop 42,487.32 15.56%
13 Other land, cultivated, perennial crop 274.98 0.10%
14 Other land, built-up area 1,813.56 0.66%
15 Inland water 2,244.10 0.82%
TOTAL 273,123.23
Source: Generated from the 2010 NAMRIA Land Cover Map
In 1994, the DENR has estimated a total standing timber of 12,019,850 cubic meters
and 264,539,933 linear meters of non-timber resources to include rattan and bamboo species.
With the span of time and with growing demand for production and settlement purposes, it is
uncertain whether these resources still exist in the forest. Across municipalities, timber and
non-timber resources are mostly found within the forest areas of Balbalan, Pinukpuk and
Tinglayan. This estimation was however done in 1993 and there is no available updated data
as of 2013.
44
Province of Kalinga
Table 20
Estimated Non-Timber Resource (Linear Meter)
Province of Kalinga, by Municipality, 1993
Municipality Rattan Bamboo Total
Kalinga 37,078,285.79 227,461,648.00 264,539,933.79
Balbalan 6,925,299.85 21,013,272.00 27,938,571.85
Lubuagan 5,992,224.00 5,992,224.00
Pasil 8,169,999.03 7,652,232.00 15,822,231.03
Pinukpuk 15,374,836.96 28,017,696.00 43,392,532.96
Rizal 9,352,728.00 9,352,728.00
Tabuk 1,454,394.84 25,993,296.00 27,447,690.84
Tanudan 913,184.94 14,859,096.00 15,772,280.94
Tinglayan 4,240,570.17 114,581,104.00 118,821,674.17
Source: Provincial Medium-Term Forestry Dev’t Plan (1993-1998)
At present, kaingin farming is noted along the mountain slopes in almost all
municipalities. Although, there is no exact data on the extent of denudation, these kaingin
activities have ultimately resulted to the reduction of the forest cover in the province. Given
these scenarios, the forest areas are prone to erosion and land slides especially during heavy
rainfall.
Records from the DENR-CAR would reveal that during the year 2006-2009, a total of
203.6 hectares of forest areas have been destroyed due to forest fires and illegal logging. It is
also observed that there are patches of kaingin areas especially in the upland municipalities
although there is no available data on the extent of these activities in the province. These
activities if left unchecked will result to the deterioration of the forest resources.
In response to this concern, it is worth to note that the governement has not been
remissed in its program to implement reforestation activities in partnership with the private
sector. Likewise, some non-government organizations also took initiative to engage in
reforestation projects in the various communities. The table below would show the total area
reforested as of 2014 per records from DENR and DA-CAR.
45
Province of Kalinga
Table 21
Existing Reforestation Projects (has)
Province of Kalinga, as of 2014
Municipality/City NGP CBFMA SIFMA AFLA FLGMA TFLA CHARMP2 TOTAL

Kalinga 3,780 3,529.89 320 112 775 449.13 1,513.47 10,479.49
Pinukpuk 2,489 2,196.76 4,685.76
Tabuk City 50 1,020.13 320 112 775 116.13 2,393.26
Lubuagan 169 333.00 228.88 730.88
Rizal 611 313.00 924.00
Tanudan 196 291.85 487.85
Pasil 211 300.84 503.84
Tinglayan 54 442.40 496.40
Balbalan 249.50 249.50
Given these existing scenarios, the assessment result shows that the level of
vulnerability of the forestry sector is generally moderate. While the level of sentivity of the
sector to hazards such as landslide, erosion and drought may be high, the exposure level is
very low since the province has not been severely affected by such disasters during the last
three years (2011-2014). In terms of adaptive capacity, there are existing programs on
community-based forest management by the government and private sectors.These favorable
scenario in totality resulted to the overall vulnerability index of moderate. Although there
is need to sustain and expand the implementation of these interventions in order to restore
balance ecology.
46
Province of Kalinga
Map 11
47
Province of Kalinga
3. Mineral Resources
Kalinga has vast potentials of mineral deposits still untapped. It has been
extensively prospected for gold, copper, and other important metallic and non-metallic
minerals based from survey conducted by private and government geologists and mining
engineers. There were even eleven (11) prospects identified in the province exclusive of
the Batong Buhay Gold Mines, Inc. (BBGMI) which went into operation in the 1980s.
Table 22
List of Mineral Prospects: Province of Kalinga
Name of Project Location Ore Mineral/ Grade Analysis

Tapao Pyrite Prospect Balbalasang, Balbalan Pyrite
Balatoc Sulfur Prospect Balatoc, Pasil Sulfur
Maatop Copper Prospect Balbalasang, Balbalan Chalcopyrite-06%cu
Butilao Copper Prospect Colayo, Pasil Chalcopyrite/molydenite/malachite-azunite
Balbalasang Gold Copper Balbalasang, Balbalan Pyrite/chalcopyrite associated w/gold
Mountain Mines Inc. Balatoc, Pasil Chalcopyrite w/occasional bornite
Sesec-an Pyrite Prospect Pantikian, Balbalan Pyrite-08% cu & 100gm Au/MT
Guina-ang Copper Prospect Gui-naang, Pasil 25 % Cu
Mapyao Prospect Balbalasang, Balbalan Sulfides w/gold
Copper Prospect Balbalasang, Balbalan Copper zinc & molybdenum-0 1-04 % Cu
Tabia Gold Prospect Tabia, Pasil Gold associated in pyrite w/native gold
Source: Mines and Geo-Science –CAR
The Batong Buhay Gold Mines, Inc. (BBGMI) was the only big scale underground
metallic mining company that operated in the province. This is located in Batung Buhay,
Balatoc, Pasil. Copper and gold are the primary and secondary products respectively.
This mining company consists of sixty two (62) patentable claims. Of the 62 claims, fifty
(50) are covered by mining contract covering 443.722 hectares which has already expired
in July 9, 2006. It was a pre-war mining company that operated and went into full
production but it ceased operation in 1985 as a result of the destruction of the NPC
transmission tower. The estimated ore reserves at the time of the stoppage in 1985 stood
at 84, 549,460 metric tons at 0.57 percent copper (Cu), 0.25 grams Au/MT and 2.706 g’s
Ag/MT.
Aside from metallic reserves, the province is endowed with abundant sand and
gravel which can be sourced along major river bodies in Kalinga. Vast deposits of these
quarry resources are found along the low gradient and fairly wide flood plains of the
lower Chico River channel. With the rate of extraction and yearly replenishment during
rainy season, the materials could support major infrastructures in the province. The
regulation and management of the quarry extraction in the province is spearheaded by the
Provincial Mining Regulatory Board (PRMB). In 2009, PRMB has identified and
approved nine (9) quarry extraction sites within Tabuk along the Chico River from
48
Province of Kalinga
Tomiagan to Cabaritan and eight (8) in Pinukpuk also along the Chico River to include
Saltan and Cal-owan River.
There is no available record of any disaster events related to landslides due to

mining activities in the province. However, in the event that the province will allow large
scale mining, this would greatly affect agricultural land productivity especially in Tabuk
City. Likewise, existing small scale mining activities in Pasil and Balbalan can also
impact on land and water resources if these are not regulated and given proper
guidance.
4. Fishery Resources
Due to its landlocked condition, the fishery resource in Kalinga is limited to the
existing communal bodies of water such as creeks, rivers, irrigation dams/canals and
small man-made fishponds. Based on existing data, there is an estimated 44.75 hectares
of fishponds which are scattered all over the province. There are also existing government
owned tilapia fish hatcheries located in Balbalan, Rizal and Tabuk City and a private-
owned by Ryan Farm in Mapaway, Ipil, Tabuk City.
In terms of fish production, tilapia is the main produce but the volume produced
by existing fish ponds in the province is very much inadequate to meet the increasing
consumption requirement of the populace in Kalinga. At present, the bulk of the fish
supply in the market comes from the provinces of Isabela, Cagayan & Pangasinan that are
being brought in by fish dealers.
As gleaned from the table below, Kalinga consistently ranked third in terms of
value of fish production for the past three years with Ifugao and Abra as first and second
respectively.
Table 23
Fisheries: Value of Production by Region and by Province, Philippines, 2012 – 2014
( '000 Pesos)
Region/Province 2012 2013 2014
Abra 87,542.40 87,738.38 87,969.70
Apayao 34,797.06 41,355.23 42,546.56
Benguet 39,262.68 42,263.89 44,504.66
Ifugao 146,069.47 149,877.27 159,495.66
Kalinga 50,410.87 52,319.33 55,810.28
Mt. Province 2,809.35 2,808.19 2,861.59
Cordillera Administrative Region 360,891.83 376,362.29 393,188.45
National Capital Region 6,260,153.31 8,005,600.83 5,699,309.00
PHILIPPINES 237,711,473.99 244,551,675.07 241,943,849.72
Source: PSA
49
Province of Kalinga
5. Eco-Tourism Resources
The province is also endowed with numerous potential tourist attractions although
most of these are not yet fully developed. At present, the most visited ecotourism
attractions in the province are the cultural festivals in the various municipalities and the
white water rafting adventures along the Chico River from Tinglayan down to Tabuk.
The following Table presents an inventory of existing and potential natural and
man- made attractions or destinations that were documented but still need to be enhanced
and promoted and protected from destruction.
Table 24
Inventory of Tourist Attractions
Province of |Kalinga, 2016
Potential and Existing Co
Type Category Description
Attraction de
TABUK CITY
1. Capitol Tourism Plaza A refreshing park located in front of the
Provincial Capitol Building, Barangay
Bulanao, where you can see the
landscaped view of the valley of Tabuk.
Others 902 Park
2. Chico River It is referred to as a "river of life" for the

Kalinga people who live along the
riverbank, and is well known among
development workers because of the
Chico River Dam Project, an electric
power generation project which local
residents resisted for three decades before
River & it was finally shelved in the 1980s - a
Nature Land landmark case study concerning ancestral
104 scape domain issues in the Philippines. It has a
length of 174.67 kilometers and a major
tributary of the Cagayan River. Its highest
headwaters begin at Tinoc, Ifugao;
Buguias, Benguet; and Mountain
Province, and its tributaries are the
Bonnong River to the south, The Tanudan
and Biga Rivers to the East, The Mabaca
50
Province of Kalinga
and Saltan Rivers to the North and the

Pasil River further downstream. It is also
where the renowned Chico River White
Water rafting is experienced with its world
class rapids, complete with breathtaking
scenery along the way.
3.Banga- Banga, Matambong These are series of three waterfalls

& Panpanay Falls located at the mountains of Barangay
Amlao passing through Balawag. If
you’re looking for a nature trip and
adventures then these are the places to
go, you can do rock climbing and
swim at the end of a rainbow. The
cool waters of the falls will surely
refresh and soothe one’s body. The
Nature 102 Falls waterfalls are also known for its
healing wonders according to locals.
The falls are surrounded by thick
greens forests along mountainside.
4. St. Joseph Catholic Church This is one of the oldest churches in

the cordilleras and it houses the oldest
piano in the province. It is located at
Barangay Naneng which is the only
History 202 heritage village in Kalinga. The
Cathedral
& church is known for its unique
& Church
Culture architectural design. A very quiet and
peaceful place to stay, one can also
view the rice terraces along the road
during the trip going here. The trip
itself will be an adventure.
51
Province of Kalinga
5. Tuga Catholic Church This is where the first Catholic mass in

Kalinga was celebrated. Located at
Barangay Tuga, Tabuk City.
6. St. Williams Cathedral The only Roman Catholic Cathedral of

Kalinga, with a unique facade and
architectural design. Located at the heart
of Barangay Bulanao, Tabuk City.
7.Naneng Heritage Village The only declared heritage village in

Kalinga, it was established by the
Catholic Church in the 1920’s, the
houses in this village were built using
History 202 narra, guijo, and lauan hardwood
& Village which are now very rare. The
Culture inhabitants are well known for their
hospitality and jovial disposition;
they are also famous for their native
rice cake “Inandila”.
8. Mt. Sinai Camping Site The site is located at Barangay

Bantay, a perfect place for camping,
Sports & where visitors can be one with nature.
Recreati
onal 406
Facilities
Camping
Ground
52
Province of Kalinga
9. Dalimuno Tourism Park Located at Barangay Bantay, just a

few minutes from Bulanao. Ideal for
picnics, sightseeing, river swimming
and wedding pictorials venue. This is
414 where the Matagoan run Chico River
Other
Sports & White Water rafting culminates.
Sports &
Recreati
Recreatio
onal
nal
Facilities
Activities
10. Omao Ranch Mount A private ranch located at Bulanao

Talama which offers a rugged picturesque
setting along the hilltop that offers the
best panoramic view of the western
portion of Tabuk & is probably the
highest peak in Tabuk City. With its
breathtaking and scenic view with its
windy atmosphere, this area also
101 offers perfect site for overnight
camping, picnics, biking, sightseeing,
wedding pictorials venue and
horseback riding.
This park/picnic site cum grill/cooking

area is with complete roofing and
other amenities such as kiosk, viewing
deck, comfort rooms and seating area.
Mountain It is also a potential target for golf
Nature
s sports, ATV adventures and Para
Gliding activities, all at no charge to
the visitors.
53
Province of Kalinga
11. Talaca Rice Terraces A showcase of indigenous ingenuity

Agri-
farming. They are mountains of
Industria
302 Farm different shades of green terraces that
l
look like stairways to the sky. Located
Tourism
at Agbannawag, Tabuk.
12. Tabuk Agro-food Center Located at Barangay Balong, the place
is a showcase of modern agricultural
Industria technology. Modern agricultural
l 301 Agro- innovations were being practiced here
Tourism forestry in support of the agricultural
development of the community. The
center is being operated and
maintained by the City Government of
Tabuk.
13. Ryan’s Farm A farm that advocates organic farming
Industria 303 Fishery and organic fish farming particularly
l tilapia and fresh water prawns. It also
Tourism maintains the only bugnay plantation
in the locality. This is located at
Mapaoay, Ipil.
14.Guilum Canyon Falls Nature 102 Falls Considered one of the hidden gems of
Tabuk City, it is a series of waterfalls and
slides cascading into water sculpted rocks
and stones that created natural pools, and
descends down to meet the Chico River, it
is located at Bagumbayan, it is ideal for
swimming, rock climbing, picnics,
trekking and a side trip for white water
rafters. This is not a major waterfall, but
it is an interesting combination of water
and rock. The falls has carved out a lot of
large and interesting curves into the rock.
You have to see it to fully appreciate these
wonderful creations of nature.
15. Tabuk Rizal Park A park located inside the City Hall
grounds in honor of the country’s National
hero, Dr. Jose Rizal. This is also where
the province’s annual Independence Day
and Rizal Day Celebration is
commemorated.
Others 902 Park
54
Province of Kalinga
16. Malalao Hills Nature 108 Unique The Malalao hills form a rolling terrain of
Land haycock hills – mounds of generally
formation conical and almost symmetrical shape
covered in green grass. The domes vary in
sizes, these unique mound-shaped hills are
scattered throughout the barangay of
Malalao. Excellent for sightseeing, biking,
day hiking and picnics. This place is also
frequented by migratory birds during the
summer season.
17. Peace Shrine A memorial peace shrine built by the Kalinga

Peace Makers Movement located at the Tabuk
Pastoral Center dedicated to those who
sacrificed their lives in the name of service for
the people of Kalinga, particularly the four
Catholic priests killed in recent years and those
victims of violence. The inscription at the
peace shrine reads: "In memory of Rev.
Fathers Conrado Aquino, Elias Bareng, Leo
Vande Winkel, all CICM priests and Franciscus
Madhu, SVD and all those who sacrificed their
lives due to tribal or criminal violence. May the
blood they shed be the seed of lasting peace in
Kalinga."
18. Chico River White Water Sports & Other The adrenaline-pumping white water
Rafting Recreati sports rafting quest is for those seeking untamed
on white water thrills offering potentially
terrifying drops, ledges, rapids and the
most exciting sightseeing trip. The Chico
river quest offers open schedules for trips
throughout the year and is ideal from June
through early January, with other dates
possible dependent on water level. With
this, Tabuk City is dubbed as the white
water rafting capital of Northern
Philippines
55
Province of Kalinga
19. Matagoan Festival Customs Festival A Festival that is being celebrated during
& the foundation day of the City that
Tradition showcases the rich cultural heritage of the
s community.
20. Grand Zion Garden The only DOT accredited resort in

Resort Hotel, Inc. Kalinga, with complete amenities of a
standard hotel resort. The resort also
offers function rooms for meetings and
special occasions like birthdays and other
celebrations.
21. Villa Rosalina Farm Recreati Mini-Zoo With mini zoo with some species of
Resort onal & / Farm & wild life, farm and resort
Industria Resort
l complex
22. Cogaue Tree This over a century-old tree is located at

Cogawe, Cudal, Tabuk City, has a
circumference of 10.40 meters (33.91
feet). There is no proof of the tree’s age,
but it is estimated to be between 200-300
years old. It is the biggest tree in Kalinga
and probably the oldest.
56
Province of Kalinga
23. Chico River Diversion It is the source of life of the Tabukeños as

Dam it supplies the main irrigation needs of the
city and its nearby municipalities through
the famous Chico River Diversion Dam at
Barangay Bado Dangwa.
24. Canao Twin Bridge Former Congressman Antonio Canao

representing the old Mt. Province
proposed the construction of the bridge in
1957. The US-PI (United States-
Philippine Island) Friendship Bridge was
inaugurated in 1959.On January 1997,
Pasonglao Bridge was renamed the
Antonio Canao bridge by virtue of a
resolution passed by the members of the
Sangguniang Panlalawigan in memory of
the first native Kalinga representative to
Congress....The new bridge amounting to
160 million was part of the SONA
projects of GMA. Under the bridge, one
can have a dip into the Chico river, have a
picnic and be one with nature. The old
bridge is also a good place for rappelling.
57
Province of Kalinga
25. White Carabao Marker The most famous landmark in Kalinga

symbolizing Tabuk City as the “Rice
granary of the Cordilleras” strategically
located in front of the Saint William’s
Cathedral, this is usually the meeting
place, not only of the people of Kalinga
but of tourists as well.
LUBUAGAN
a. Awichon Plateau History Structures A plateau found at Barangay Dangoy, 2
and kms from the town proper and is situated
Culture between Pasil and Lubuagan, is an
archaeological site where bones of a
prehistoric elephant were found. It was
also the landing site of American forces
during World War II. It was declare by the
NCAA in May, 2008 as the Kalinga
Center for Culture and arts just like Tam-
awan Village in Baguio City.
Awichon village is owned and developed
by one of NCCA’s National Artist,
Alfonso Saclag Sr.
3. Mabilong Weavers Village Industria Arts & Located along the road, is the center of the
l Crafts ethnic weaving industry in the province.
Tourism It showcases colorful ethnic back strap
weaving. Here, one can see how the
intricate ethnic designs are made and how
the colors are mixed. Souvenirs can be
bought directly from the weavers which is
cheaper than the prices in the capital City
of Tabuk. It is a two-hour jeepney ride
from Tabuk City.
4. Cadamayan Mysterious Falls The 70 meters falls is located between

Barangay Dangoy and Uma, Lubuagan;
This is a very unusual and even
58
Province of Kalinga
mysterious waterfall because nobody can

successfully capture the image of the falls
except for an American tourist in the 80’s,
who butchered a pig as a sacrificial
offering. As can be seen in this picture, it
was taken at the base of the falls in the
70’s. After that, various attempts were
made but no picture of the falls was ever
successfully taken. The reason why
nobody can successfully capture the image
of the falls remains a mystery up to this
date.
4 Lilayan Lamagen Luminawaan River and the green mountains of the
Kalinga ranges as a backdrop for photos.
Ideal for picnics and sightseeing by taking
the opportunity to quickly get some photos
– for the odds are that one of Lubuagan’s
mists or fogs may soon sweep in and
obscure the scenic view. It is ideal for
sightseeing, eco-walks and picnics.
6. Manangol View Point and The so called white castle in the picture
White Castle was originally the rest house of Pastor
Woods, a Baptist missionary who first
introduced the religion in the province. It
is located on top of a hill where one can
have a bird’s eye view of the nearby
villages. It was referred to as a castle by
the locals because it was the first biggest
house ever built in Lubuagan at that time.
It is ideal for eco-walks, picnics and
sightseeing.
7. Belalao View Point It is a stop-over for viewing the panoramic

picturesque Lubuagan Village. Visitors
who come by night are said to be surprised
by a sudden appearance of a lost city in
the mountains.
8. Tingley Waterfalls It is an unexplored Waterfall located

below the Lubuagan Central School. The
beautiful cascading fall is a trekking
destination and a fantastic picnic site. You
can reach up to the school by car, after
which you will have to continue on foot to
the fall. While going there, you can see
some nice rice-terraces and the snaking
Chico River below.
59
Province of Kalinga
10. Laga Festival Customs Festivals Festival of the Municipality of Lubuagan

& usually celebrated every March 5-7. A
Tradition Display of the innovative design and
s artistic woven products of this
municipality takes center stage every Laga
(weave) Festival.
TINGLAYAN
1.Mating-oy (Sleeping Nature Unique The 1,906 meters high mountain, east of
Beauty) Land Poblacion, Tinglayan, separates the town
Formatio with Tanudan. It is called “Sleeping
n& Beauty” by the locals because its
silhouette resembles the sleeping Dinayao,
Landscap
supinely lying on its back and facing the
e sky. According to the legend
immortalized in the native ballad Ullalim,
Dinayao was a renowned beauty from
Tanudan who was supposed to meet with
her lover, Binsay, a dashing lad from
Tinglayan. Binsay, alas, was killed in a
tribal skirmish and Dinayao waited in
vain. Her tears turned into streams and
rivulet that now flow the mountainside.
The mountain is a half-day hike from
Ambato.
60
Province of Kalinga
2. Palang-ah Falls Nature Falls The 50 meters high falls is located at

Barangay Tulgao West, Tinglayan, has a
natural pool where, during a sunny day,
one practically swims at the end of a
rainbow. Its name is derived from the
native word “Pinalpallang-ah” which
means chair. The Waterfall is a one hour
hike from Sungang Viewpoint.
3. Aatungan Hot Springs Nature Hot This is a Hot Spring located near the
Springs Palang-ah Falls.
Pure and clear water, no acidic element
4. Tinglayan Rice Terraces Industria Farm From the Sungang View Point, the
l Dananao and Tulgao Rice Terraces can be
Tourism viewed. These rice terraces are like an
amphitheater along the whole mountain
slopes.
61
Province of Kalinga
7. Bugnay (Macli-ing This village is the birthplace of the local

Village) hero, Macli-ing Dulag who was a tribal
chieftain and is remembered for his efforts
to resist the Chico Dam project which was
supposed to be the biggest dam in Asia.
"One story tells of how the respected
pangat was invited by then Presidential
Assistant for National Minorities
(PANAMIN) chief Manuel Elizalde to a
high-end hotel and offered him a thick
envelope.
"Macli-ing reportedly replied, 'This
envelope can contain only one of two
things – a letter or money. If it is a letter, I
do not know how to read. And if it its
money, I do not have anything to sell. So
take your envelope and go.'"
(GMANews.TV)
It's a story that makes an Ykalinga’s heart
swell with pride. But what was really
remembered most about Macli-ing Dulag
were the words he quoted: "You ask if we
own the land. You mock us. Where is your
title? Where are the documents to prove
that you own the land? Title. Documents.
Proof. Such arrogance of owning land
when you are owned by it. How can you
own that which outlives you? Only the
people own the land because only the
people live forever. To claim a place is the
birthright of everyone. The lowly animals
claim their place, how much more of
human beings. They are born to live”. A
group of government soldiers raided his
house and killed him with rain of bullets
on April 24, 1980. His assassination,
however, solidified the opposition to the
dam, which had won sympathizers from
all over the country and even outside the
country. His assassins were eventually
convicted. Even the World Bank, which
would have funded the dam construction,
withdrew from the project, forcing the
government to back out of it at last.
5. Sungang View Point Nature Mountain A 45-min. jeepney ride from the town to
the summit, has a panoramic and majestic
view of the valley villages and mountains
of Tinglayan, Tanudan, Tabuk and
Lubuagan. A very good view of the
Tulgao and Dananao Rice Terraces can be
seen at the viewpoint.
62
Province of Kalinga
6. Unoy Festival Customs Festivals Festival of the Municipality of Tinglayan

& usually celebrated every month of March
Tradition 22-24 commemorating the abundant
s harvest of red rice (unoy) and agricultural
products of Tinglayan, Kalinga. The word
“unoy” denotes a perspective of
excellence in the local lingua. It is used to
classify certain products or crops with
excellent quality such as the “unoy” rice,
which is now getting known for its
superiority and health benefits.
Featured during the festivities are the local
products that were showcased during the
“Unoy Trade Fair” and the Agro-Ethnic
Parade participated by the 20 barangays of
the municipality.
. The last “MAMBABATOK” PERPETUALLY SHROUDED IN MIST,

the Tinglayan village of Buscalan sits high
up in the Kalinga Mountains. Although all
of the tattooed warriors are now gone, the
village is teeming with tattooed elderly
women that wear the artistry of the last
Kalinga tattoo artist: 93-year-old Whang
Od who learned the art of batok (tattoo)
from her father, never married and
dedicated her life to tattooing. She is the
last Kalinga mambabatok or tattoo artist.
She was twenty-five, when the man she
was in love died in a logging accident.
Instead of looking for a husband, she
dedicated her life to tattooing and now
sixty-four years later she is the last
practitioner of an art form that many
scholars believe is nearly one- thousand
years old. Although decades of missionary
activities, colonial administration, and
modernization have gradually led to the
abandonment of Kalinga batok, enduring
fragments of this rich tradition of body art
continue to be worn by Kalinga elders:
including the last generation of
headhunting warriors whose numbers have
perhaps dwindled to some thirty men.
63
Province of Kalinga
BALBALAN
1. Ugid Maling Subterranean Nature River & Located four kilometers away from
River Landscap Poblacion, Balbalan and a good three and
e half hours ride from Tabuk City, this
unexplored maze of cavernous boulders
and rocks a top each other forming a
cavern. Its cool gurgling waters emerge
one km. away and go underground again
till it meets the Saltan River. A short
stopover on this spot gives a traveler an
opportunity to hear the droning sound of
the river below, as if a propeller-driven
airplane is left with engines running. It is
teeming with black fresh water eels of
varying sizes and bats. One can pass
through big rock cleavages on the surface
near the road in order to get inside.
2. Balbalasang National Park History Historic This is a monument of the opposition of
& Monume the Kalingas against the logging
Culture nts companies. This 17, 838 ha. National
park was proposed as an initial component
of NIPAS under the category of Natural
Biotic Area. The park is an undeveloped,
almost unexplored reservation, it is
composed of two high mountain ranges
with steep slopes, rugged, rocky terrain
and numerous creeks, it is noted for its
cool climate, sweet and succulent oranges,
numerous picturesque waterfalls, mineral
springs, gorges and luxuriant pine,
montane and mossy forests.
64
Province of Kalinga
3. Buaya Caves Nature Caves Consists of three unexplored and

uncharted interconnected caves.
(Magangab Cave, Naanos Cave and
Tawang Cave) which cover the whole
mountain slope. Ideal for spelunking
mountain trekking, they all have
underground rivers and can be reached
from Pinukpuk and Salegseg, Balbalan.
The legend said that the stalactites and
stalagmites of the caves were formed
when the Kalinga god “Kabunian” threw
up after drinking wine with the mortals in
Balbalan.
4. Saltan River Nature River & This river has very clear waters with
Landscap unique rock formations in it.
e
Crocodile Ridge, at Saltan River was so
named due to the uncanny resemblance of
the rock formation to a crocodile basking
out in the sun.
65
Province of Kalinga
5. Manchatchatong Festival Customs Festivals A cultural Festival that gathers all the sub-
& tribes of Balbalan, Kalinga featuring street
Tradition dancing, cultural games and rituals.
s
PINUKPUK
1. Aguinaldo Hill Nature Mountain It is located near the community center of
& & Barangay Asibanglan, Pinukpuk. General
History Historic Aguinaldo used this hill as a common post
& Monume during the Philippine-American war. This
is the hill where the Katipuneros made
Culture nt
their last stand in Kalinga from the
pursuing Americans from Abra. It has a
panoramic view of several barangays in
Pinukpuk and Balbalan.
2. Asibanglan Lake Lake
3. Bonnong Lake Lake The is a mountain lake in Pinukpuk

where eels thrive and can be
recommended area for research.
66
Province of Kalinga
4. Formidable Rocks Nature Nature It is located in Bontoc, Aciga, Pinukpuk

& believed to have been the house of
History Kabunyan. It is 30 minutes hike to the
& Tawang Cave, Tawang, Balbalan.
Culture
6. Ammacian Water Falls Nature Nature This fall is located at the heart of
& Ammacian Pinukpuk. It never runs dry
History even during long drought.
&
Culture
67
Province of Kalinga
PASIL
1. Padcharao Lakes Nature Lakes This pristine oblong shaped lake is a crater
of an extinct volcano believed to be
million years ago. It is 150 meters across
and is located 18,000 m. on Mount
Bannong, teems with Japanese eels. It
was named after the “charao” plants that
abound in the lake. The lake can be
reached after a 4-hour hike along the
Tabia river. The jungle along the way has
wild orchids and other wild flowers.
2. Guinaang Village History Historic This village has its historical importance
& Monume to Kalinga as the retreat haven of
Culture nts President Aguinaldo. This is where the
headquarters were located and the
campsite.
3. Bummag Rice Terraces This is situated in the high elevation of

Bummag just below the dormant Volcano.
This is the Rice Granary of the Balatoc
people where tons of “UNOYS /RED
RICE” are produced and planted with
several varieties like CHONG-AK which
is the aromatic and the most delicious Red
Rice.
4.Kabunyan Spring This natural landmark is found in

Galdang. It is called Kabunyan spring
because the gushing water comes out from
a solid rock punctured naturally on its
base.
68
Province of Kalinga
5. Sulfur Hill Located in Batong Buhay, the whole hill is

full of sulfur in the middle portion
secreting white vapors and thick white
smokes that gave additional beauty.
6. Finasaran and Anga-ang Falls One can see three different forms of
waterfalls less than an hour interval.
Complementing the falls are the
surrounding green sceneries and the
challenging trails for waterfalls
enthusiasts.
7. Aguinaldo Trail This is the trail of Gen. Aguinaldo during

his stay in Pasil. It is potential for
mountain climbing and trekking.
69
Province of Kalinga
8. Kissin and Tabuyan solid rock The natural rock wall formation is about
wall formation 12, 000 ft. high and 18,000 feet long at the
base forming a deep gorge along the Pasil
River. Also Potential for gorge climbing.
9. Pasil River Potential for Kayaking
10. Balatoc and Colayo Hot The romantic site is found beside TUY-
spring Bathing Pond OB. These are two layered falls where the
hot spring is mixed with cool fresh waters
from a creek. The mixture becomes warm
water ideal for bathing; they say constant
bathing in the pond gives healing wonders
for arthritis and rheumatism. This hot
springs are sparsely distributed hot springs
along Pasil River ideal for bathing and
picnic campsite
TANUDAN
1. Mount Binaratan Nature Mountain The 1,800 meters high fabled mountain, in
Dacalan (Southeast of Tanudan), near the
Tanudan River, is a legendary hunting
ground of the Kalinga god Kabunian who
was said to have not heard the barking of
his hunting dogs due to the deafening
songs of the birds, because of this the god
cast a spell that not a single chirping bird
will be heard again inside the mysterious
mountain. This mountain was also the
entry point of General Emilio Aguinaldo
70
Province of Kalinga
during his retreat to Kalinga.
2. Tiga aran aran Kabunian Nature Unique This area is located above Barangay Lubo
Land at the source of Gaburao Creek. It has a
Formatio cave at its side where the villagers
n and believed the Kalinga god “Kabunian”
stayed while sawing logs for his house. A
Landscap
pile of log-like stone slabs are found in the
e area.
3.Lubo & Mangali Rice Nature Mountain Occupy a whole mountain range and
Terraces surround the old village of Lubo and
Tanudan river. Both are best viewed from
Alli Viewpoint during the planting and
harvesting season.
RIZAL
1. Elephant Hill This is located in Rizal and is a site of an
archeological digging where the fossil of
an elephant – pre historic family of
elephant was found.
The fossil is a molar of Stegodon. The
specimen is almost a complete right upper
first molar having 7 ridges. The ridge was
purposely cut into halves to study its core.
The size of the molar is 16.74 cm. x 6.63
cm. x 8.51 cm. and has a weight of 1
kilogram.
Stegodon belongs to Family
Stegodontidae of Order Proboscidae,
where the elephant family also belongs.
The most distinguishing external feature
of this order is the elongated, flexible and
muscular trunk or proboscis (a great
elongation of the nose). Stegodon had a
larger skull and lower-crowned teeth than
present-day elephants.
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Province of Kalinga
Mr. Sylvio M. Lopez, a paleontologist in

the National Museum, collected the molar.
It was found in a Middle Pleistocene
tuffaceous sediments called Awidon Mesa
Formation near the boundaries of Solana,
Cagayan and Rizal, Kalinga Apayao in
August 1973 which is now called the
elephant hill
2. Pinikpikan Festival Yearly traditional Festival of the
Municipality of Rizal, Celebrated from
March 27-28 featuring the traditional way
of cooking duck, a favorite native delicacy
of Kalinga “Pinikpikan”.
3. Rizal Sports Center A state of the art sports Center of Rizal

where important events / programs /
indoor sports are held
KALINGA PROVINCE
1. Ullalim Festival Culture Festivals The Ullalim Festival is a tourism and
& industry promotional event of the
Tradition provincial government showcasing the
s rich cultural heritage of the people and
their bountiful natural resources. The
event is a cultural performance to
immortalize the pomp, pageantry and
grandeur of the Kalinga cultural arts,
crafts and cuisine. It also provides a venue
for the promotion and marketing of
Kalinga products.
The Ullalim Festival was first held in

February 14, 1996 in celebration of the
first anniversary of the province of
Kalinga after its separation from the
former province of Kalinga-Apayao. Since
then, it was institutionalized as a yearly
activity in celebration of the Foundation
Day of the province.
Lately, the 2014 Ullalim Festival featured
72
Province of Kalinga
the “The Sounds of a Thousand Gong” or

Awong chi Gangsa where one thousand
gongs was simultaneously played by
contingents from the seven municipalities
and Tabuk City at the Kalinga Sports
Center forming the battle cry of Kalinga
“KALINGA SHINES”
2. Mountain Trekking Sports & Nature Trekking at the mountains of Tanudan,
Recreati trail & Lubuagan, Balbalan and Pinukpuk
on path
3. Chico River White Water Sports & Water Rafting starting from Tinglayan,
Rafting Recreati passing to Lubuagan & Pasil & finally
on Tabuk.
Considering that most of these potential tourism resources are nature-based, they
are highly vulnerable to disaster such as landslides and climate change impact like
drought. Although there is no available record of damages on these tourism resources, it
is imperative that appropriate mitigation measures be considered as part of this plan.
V. LAND USE POTENTIALS AND CONSTRAINTS
1. Land Classification
PD No. 705 known as the “Revised Forestry Reform Code of the Philippines,”
classifies lands 18 percent in slope and over as under the forestland category and those
below 18 percent as alienable and disposable lands (A&D). Based on this land
classification, Kalinga has a total of 44,096 hectares of alienable and disposable lands or
14.35 percent of the total land area and 263,004 hectares or 58.65 percent of forestlands
as of 2003. It should be noted, however, that PD 705 should be reconciled with RA 8371
or the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA) because the IPRA recognizes the rights of
the Indigenous Peoples over their lands as ancestral domain or ancestral lands even
73
Province of Kalinga
beyond the 18 percent in slope. As such, production and settlement areas are situated in
areas above 18 percnt which are classified as public forest under PD 705.
Gleaned from the Table below and from the Land Classification map, Tabuk gets
the biggest share of the total A&D lands in the province with 22,793 hectares or 51.68
percent. On the other hand, Pinukpuk gets the biggest share in terms of forestlands with
57,136 or 21.72 percent of the total forestlands. At the regional level, Kalinga shares 16.1
percent of the total A & D lands and almost 17 percent of the total forestlands in CAR.
Table 25
Land Classification Percentage Share to the Province
CERTIFIED A&D FORESTLAND

MUNICIPALITY TOTAL
Area % Share Area % Share
Balbalan 80 0,18 51,820 19.70 51,900
Lubuagan 1,568 3.55 13,252 5.03 14,820
Pasil 600 1.36 18,300 6.95 18,900
Pinukpuk 12,064 27.35 57,136 21.72 69,200
Rizal 4,701 10.66 18,399 6.99 23,100
Tabuk 22,793 51.68 41,407 15.74 64,200
Tanudan 1,990 4.51 34,710 13.19 36,700
Tinglayan 300 0.68 29,300 11.14 29,600
TOTAL 44,096 100.00 263,004 100.00 307,100
Source:DENR,
74
Province of Kalinga
Map 12
75
Province of Kalinga
Map 13
76
Province of Kalinga
2. Land Suitability
By definition, land suitability is a classification of land into categories based on the
degree to which the characteristics of the land can satisfy the environmental requirements of
specific crops without deterioration. Based on this definition and as projected in the GIS
generated map, the land suitability is directly influenced by the slope classification. As
projected on the Land Suitability Map, all the lower portions with slopes of 0-8 percent
within Tabuk, Pinukpuk and whole of Rizal to include isolated valleys along rivers and
streams are suitable for irrigated rice and cultivated annual crops. Meanwhile, lands suitable
for perennial tree crops, forestry plantations, production forest and pasture is noted in all the
municipalities in areas above 18 percent slope. These areas are located in upper
municipalities like Tinglayan, Tanudan, Pasil Balbalan, and Pasil and Lubuagan.
 Protection Areas
The protection areas in the province include the National Integrated Protected Area
System (NIPAS) such as the existing Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park located on the
stretch from Balbalan Proper to Balbalasang, Balbalan, non-NIPAS, severely eroded areas
(SEA and the Network of Protected Areas for Agricultural Development (NPAAD). These
areas should be restricted for conversion to other uses. While there are already existing
activities that are inconflict such as crop cultivation within NPAS areas, these should be
regulated.
Likewise, the Network of Protected Agricultural Development (NPAAD) areas are
also highly restricted to be protected against any form of irreversible conversion such as
urban uses. The purpose of such protection is to keep and preserve the highly suitable
agricultural lands for long term food security of the province. Most of the NPAAD areas are
located within Tabuk , Rizal , Pinukpuk and Lower Tanudan and some portions are in the
upland municipalities of Balbalan, Tinglayan, Pasil and Lubuagan which include the rice
terraces along mountainsides.
On the basis of vegetation, mossy forest and old growth dipterocarp are automatically
considered as protection forest regardless of slope and elevation. Similarly, all areas within
national parks and forest reservations regardless of slope and elevation are classified within
protection areas by virtue of presidential proclamation.
 Existing Land Use and Trends

Based on available data from the DENR, the existing land use in Kalinga is
dominated by forest use which includes the mossy, pine, old growth and residual forests. It
comprises almost 35 percent of the total land area. These forms of land use are predominant
in Tanudan, Tinglayan, Pasil, Lubuagan and Balbalan. On the other hand, agricultural and
77
Province of Kalinga
other land uses are mostly located in Tabuk City, Rizal and Pinukpuk. The built-up
areas are mostly
concentrated within alienable and disposable lands but these are also present in areas that are
classified as forestlands by virtue of PD 705 especially in the upland municipalities. On the
other hand, agricultural land uses are predominant in the Tabuk City, Rizal & Pinukpuk but
these are also present within the forestlands especially in the upper municipalities. These are
the rice terraces that were carved along mountain sides and isolated kaingin farms.
The grasslands are mostly located in Tabuk & Tanudan while the brush lands are
predominant in Tabuk and Balbalan. These areas are presently being utilized as pasturelands.
Table 26
Existing Land Use (hectares), Kalinga 2013
No. of Total
Munici- No. of Brgys. Commer- Industrial/ Declared
Residential Agricultural Institutional Forestland
pality Brgys. Tax cial Mining Areas
Kalinga 152 Mapped
136 2,159.8741 79.9687 105,519.7955 14,022.5975 (hectares)
31.3100 29,209.6772 151,023.2366
Balbalan 14 14 62..7879 0 .5675 13,845.4475 9,563.9183 17,203.1612 40,675.8838
Lubuagan 9 2 31.6206 0. 1268 2,425.7459 25.7683 2,483.2618
Pasil 14 14 27.8926 1,605.0189 46.2938 31.3100 2,053.0388 3,763.5555
Pinukpuk 23 23 191.8652 0. 9641 32,249.3146 3,655.0742 443.4698 36,540.6902
Rizal 14 14 754.3352 2.1485 8,770.0778 73.7193 193.8468 9,794.1290
Tabuk City 42 42 72.4.9260 30.6226 36,280.4854 483.4527 2,583.6214 40,102.4789
Tanudan 16 16 318.2281 9,205.4733 75.8779 3,421.8292 13,021.4101
Tinglayan 20 11 48.519 45.5392 1,138.2321 98.4930 3,310.7100 4,641.8273
Source: DENR & Provincial Assessor’s Office Updated area situation and uses
As discussed in the previous section, land suitability classification was basically

established to determine the area intended for irrigated rice, cultivated annual crops,
perennial tree crops, pastures and production forest. Likewise, PD No. 705 known as the
“Revised Forestry Reform Code of the Philippines,” classifies lands 18% in slope and over as
under the forestland category and those below 18% as alienable and disposable lands (A&D).
Comparing the existing land use with the land suitability, it is observed that there are
some conflicts particularly the presence of cultivated annual crops within areas suited for tree
plantations and pastures. Crop production is also present in watershed areas which resulted to
the decline of water discharge for irrigation and domestic use.
78
Province of Kalinga
It is also noted that as population increases, agricultural areas tends to encroach into
protection forests. This scenario has resulted to the denudation of forest areas especially in
the upper municipalities. On the other hand, there is rampant conversion of prime agricultural
lands particularly in Tabuk and Rizal due to increasing demand for built-up purposes.
79
Province of Kalinga
Map 14
80
Province of Kalinga
3. HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION
The geographical features of the province, makes it vulnerable to hazards like
typhoon, flooding, and landslides which are mostly caused by continuous heavy rains to
include triggering factors like deforestation, denudation, earthquake and illegal human
activities such as quarrying, small-scale mining and shifting cultivation or commonly known
as “Kaingin System”. The effects to the community include delayed economic activities; and
damages on infrastructure facilities, farmlands, and dwelling units.
In addition to these hazards are epidemics and fire/forest fires, which are mostly
caused by people’s negligence. Effects also include drying up of watershed areas, casualties
and homeless families.
These hazards are usually related to hydrometeorogical characteristics and geologic
feature based on data/informattion that was generated by concerned agencies to include
PAGASA, PHIVOLCS and DOST.
1. Hydrometeorological Hazards
a. Typhoons
Based on historical records from PAG-ASA in 1948-2009, there were 106 tropical
cyclones that crossed the province of Kalinga within 50 kilometers from its boundaries.
These includes 16 tropical depressions with a maximum sustained winds of 45 to 63 kph, 38-
tropical storms with a maximum winds from 64 to 118 kph and 52 - typhoons with a
maximum sustained winds greater than 118 kph.
Records of the Office on Civil Defense in Kalinga shows that there were Eight (8)
typhoons that actually affected the province from 2007 to 2016. Three of these were
classified as Super Typoons. These include typhoons Mina and Pepeng which have caused
total estimated damages of P445.190 Million with a death toll of 27 persons. On October
18, 2010, super typhoon Juan also hit Kalinga and has affected 37,057 families, killed one
person with a total damages of P513.733 Million worth of government infrastructures,
agricultural crops and private properties. In 2011, typhoons Pedring (International Name:
Nesat) and Quiel (International Name: Nalgae) have brought great damages not only to the
province of Kalinga but the entire Cordillera Region in both socio-economic and physical
terms. In 2015, Typhoon Ineng and Lando heavily hit the province leaving a total damaged
of The biggest damages brought by these typhoons were on the agriculture and infrastructure
sectors. The strongest typhoon that devastated the province was Super Typhoon Lawin
“Haima” with signal number 5. It brought a total damage of P2,088,379,970.71. Bulk of this
damages was on Infrastructures.
81
Province of Kalinga
Table 27
Disaster Incidence in Kalinga, 2007- 2016
No. of Total Amount of
No. Families
Dead Injured Barangays Damages
Affected
Affected
Typhoon Mina (2007) 23 13 7,967 86 382,000,000
Super Typhoon Pepeng (2009) 4 5 30,808 149 6,319,000
Super Typhoon Juan (2010) 1 10 37,057 153 513,733,000
Typhoon Pedring (2011) 4,099 94
10,423,700,000
Typhoon Quiel (2011) 749 17
Monsoon Rains 2 1
Typhoon Ineng (2015) 1 3 1,030 49 266,698,035
Typhoon Lando (2015) 2,139 77 363,175,295
Super Typhoon Lawin (2016) 8 1 40,904 153 2,088,379,970.71
Source: Office of the Civil Defense, Bulanao, Tabuk, Kalinga
b. Rain Induced Landslide (RIL)

Based on records of the MGB, Kalinga is affected only by rain-induced landslide which
usually occurs during heavy rainfall due to monsoon rains and typhoons. The following map
from DENR-MGB indicates that the western section of Kalinga, covering approximately 50
percent of the province’s land area, is highly vulnerable to rain-induced landslides. This is
due to the combined effect of steep slopes, rapid state of deforestation, intense material
weathering, presence of open land fractures and high intensity rainfall. Under threat from this
hazard are five of eight municipalities in the province with Balbalan registering a highly
susceptible area of 72.89 percent, Pasil-97.96 percent, Lubuagan-85.72 percent, Tinglayan-
79.73 percent and Tanudan-72.86 percent Meanwhile, low to moderate RIL susceptibility is
indicated in the municipalities of Pinukpuk, Rizal and the City of Tabuk since these areas lie
on relatively stable ground combined with flat to rolling terrain.
 Impact of Rain-Induced Landslide (RIL) on population.

While almost 73.76 percent of the total land area of the province is highly
susceptible to landslide, only 33.96 percent of the provincial population is highly susceptible.
These are the residents of slopes in Tinglayan, Balbalan, Lubuagan and Pasil which may
endanger residents from the threat of erosion with continuous high intensity rainfall. On the
other hand, the residents of Tabuk and lower Tanudan are relatively safe from landslide
82
Province of Kalinga
because of its generally flat terrain and much more in the case of Rizal and Pinukpuk which
are not affected at all.
In terms of affected population, it is generally moderate to low since only about one
third (33.96%) of the total population especially those living along mountain sides with steep
slope are highly exposed to risk, 32,35 percent are moderately affected and 33.69 percent
are not affected at all .
Table 28
Total Population and area affected by landslide
TotaL
Total Area
Percentage Population Percentage
Affected
Affected
Low 61,019.90 9.02% 67,786.36 33.69%
Moderate 116,495.41 17.22% 65,087.42 32.35%
High 499,060.52 73.76% 68,339.05 33.96%
TOTAL 676,575.84 201,212.83
Source: GIS generated based on MGD landslide and Population data
83
Province of Kalinga
Map 15
84
Province of Kalinga
 Impact of Rain Induced Landslide (RIL) on Built-up Areas

Most built-up and settlement areas especially those located in Tabuk, Rizal and
Pinukpuk where there are large concentration of built-up areas along flat lands are generally
not susceptible to landslide. In terms of the magnitude of affected areas, more than 50
percent of the built-up areas have low susceptibility, 10.77 percent is moderately susceptible
and only 12.58 percent is highly susceptible. Highly susceptible areas are mostly located in
Balbalan, Pasil, Lubuagan and Tinglayan
Rain induced landslide in the province usually happens along major national road to
include the Kalinga-Mt. Province road and Kalinga – Abra road which traverse mountains
with steep slopes. As indicated on the following map and its attribute table, the effect of rain
induced landslide on built-up areas is very high in the municipalities of Balbalan, Pasil,
Tinglayan and Lubuagan. On the other hand, the effect is considered high to moderate in
Tanudan and Pinukpuk while it is moderate to low in upper Tabuk and lower portions of
Pinukpuk given the relatively rolling terrain in the area. In the case of Rizal and lower parts
of Tabuk, almost all residents are safe from landslide because of its generally flat terrain.
Table 29
Built-up Areas Affected by Landslide
By Municipality, Kalinga
Exposure Exposure
Exposure
Exposed Built- Exposed Built-Up Percentage Percentage
Exposed Built-Up Percentage
Up Areas Within Areas Within Within Within
MUNCIPALITY Area in Has Areas Within Low Within High
High Susceptible Moderate Moderate Low
Susceptible Areas Susceptible
Areas Susceptible Areas Susceptible Susceptible
Areas
Areas Areas
Balbalan 363.32529584000 184.89194400000 101.47409900000 76.47648200000 0.50888817 0.27929269 0.21049039
Balbalan 363.32529584000 184.89194400000 101.47409900000 76.47648200000 0.50888817 0.27929269 0.21049039
Lubuagan 72.69828828370 14.57315800000 42.84469800000 15.28043500000 0.20046081 0.58934947 0.21018975
Pasil 105.82454777400 77.56296400000 19.79228500000 8.46929800000 0.73293924 0.18702924 0.08003151
Pinukpuk 587.28023401100 24.15389800000 80.31586600000 267.46189000000 0.04112840 0.13675901 0.45542464
Rizal 509.49247673200 0.00000000000 8.74767900000 306.05366600000 0.00000000 0.01716940 0.60070301
Tabuk City 1232.61416025000 13.29465000000 12.27434500000 1010.90662500000 0.01078574 0.00995798 0.82013225
Source: GIS generated
85
Province of Kalinga
Map 16
86
Province of Kalinga
 Impact of Rain Induced Landslide (RIL) on Social Infrastructure

Facilities/Buildings
The province recently conducted ground mapping of the actual location of all social
infrastructure buildings such as schools, health facilities, municipal and barangay halls,
multi-purpose buildings and churches in the various municipalities. The result map was
overlayed with the landslide map and as indicated on the attribute table below, it was noted
that 71 buildings out of the 456 facilities are highly susceptible to rain induced land slide, 78
moderately susceptible, 271 low susceptible and 11 no risk at all. The highly susceptible
buildings are mostly located in Balbalan (17), Pasil (12), Tanudan(15) and Tinglayan(11).
Due to the high steep slopes and terrain in these upland municipalities, practically all
of the infrastructure facilities located in Pasil are 57.14% highly susceptible and 42.86%
moderately susceptible followed by Balbalan with 48.57% highly susceptible, 22.86%
moderately and 28.57% low susceptible, Tinglayan with 39.29% highly susceptible, 32.14%
moderately and 28.57% low susceptible, Tanudan with 37.50% highly, 27.50% moderately
and 35% low susceptible and Lubuagan with 15.79% highly, 60.53% moderately and 23.68%
low susceptible to rain induced landslides.
Table 30
Social Infrastructure Buildings Affected by Landslide
By Municipality, Kalinga 2015
% of
% of % of % of
Exposure
Total # of Exposure Exposure Exposure
Municipalities Highly Moderate Low No w/in
facilities w/in High w/in low with no
Susceptible Susceptible Susceptible Risk Moderate
Susceptible Susceptible Risk
Susceptible
Balbalan 35 17 8 10 0 48.57 22.86 28.57 0.00
Lubuagan 38 6 23 9 0 15.79 60.53 23.68 0.00
Pasil 21 12 9 0 0 57.14 42.86 0.00 0.00
Pinukpuk 44 7 9 20 8 15.91 20.45 45.45 18.18
Rizal 27 0 1 19 7 0.00 3.70 70.37 25.93
Tabuk City 223 3 8 191 21 1.35 3.59 85.65 9.42
Tanudan 40 15 11 14 0 37.50 27.50 35.00 0.00
Tinglayan 28 11 9 8 0 39.29 32.14 28.57 0.00
KALINGA 456 71 78 271 36 15.57 17.11 59.43 7.89
PPDO-TWG, NAMRIA, NEDA, HLURB
87
Province of Kalinga
Map 17
88
Province of Kalinga
c. Flooding
As a consequence of the improper waste disposal at the upper stream and
encroachment of the river channel which constricts the flow of the flood waters, it is very
obvious that the existing river channels are now silted. The continuous deposition of eroded
sand, gravel and boulders from the highlands of Mt. Province and Kalinga has been causing
the river channels to become shallow thus diverting the flow to the low lying and loose fertile
soil along the banks of the rivers
As shown in the MGB Map, flooding is experienced in the low lying areas of the
province particularly in the City of Tabuk and the municipality of Pinukpuk. However, by
simulations of 0-8 percent slope combined with major rivers, it shows that the areas
susceptible to flooding include the low lying areas of the municipality of Rizal, Tabuk and
Pinukpuk especially along major rivers such as the Chico River, Saltan river, Mabaca River
and Andarayan creek.
During heavy rainfall, the farmlands along the Chico River banks in Tabuk City are
continuously scoured from floods wherein about half of 10,700 hectares of irrigated rice
lands at the floor of the valley are susceptible to flooding. Some farmlands in Rizal along the
Andarayan creek also experience moderate flooding when there is heavy rainfall.
89
Province of Kalinga
Map 18
90
Province of Kalinga
d. Erosion
Owing to the topographic features of the province, erosion is present in almost all the
municipalities especially along mountainsides with steep to very steep slopes. Severe erosion
occurs mostly in rolling cultivated croplands, hilly and mountainous areas with no vegetation
and along streams and riverbanks. This is aggravated by increasing agricultural activities and
settlement expansion towards forestlands.
Gleaned on the following table 30, Kalinga is more inclined to slight erosion with a
total affected area of 85,234.80 hectares which is 2.73 percent of the total provincial area and
severe to moderae soil erosion covers a total area of 97,000 hectares or 3.11 percent. The
magnitude of erosion is greatly influenced by the slope structure thus it is noted that severe
to moderate soil erosion is prevalent in the municipalities of Balbalan, Pasil, Tinglayan
Pinukpuk and upper Tabuk. Other factors includes road construction, improper land use
and poor soil and farm management practices. The occurence of soil erosion is pronouced
during high rainfall intensities. These contribute much to the depletion of soil nutrients of
upland farms and river siltation.
This condition would justify an agressive watershed rehabilitation through soil
erosion control measures with the combination of structural and vegetative measures to
improve upland farming practices such as land terracing and sloping agricultural land
technology are highly recommended on erosion prone production areas. There is also a need
to continuously conduct reforestation activities in open and denuded areas in order to restore
forest cover .
Table 31
Soil Erosion Category, By Municipality (Has)
Severe Moderate Slight No Aparrent

Municipality Erosion Erosion Erosion Erosion Unclassified
Balbalan 9,790.28 11.44 41,549.32 583.54
Lubuagan 4,127.94 1,640.82 7,037.65 1,758.81
Pasil 11,106.78 541.32 11,014.43
Pinukpuk 7,635.02 13,176.12 6,982.82 11,783.04 1,701.10
Rizal 20.14 1,572.00 19.26 154.58
Tabuk 11,017.52 22,276.87 7,602.30 11,887.59 2,457.83
Tanudan 1,171.07 101.93 1,483.15 17,112.82 68.40
Tinglayan 12,639.07 252.46 9,545.87 5,201.54 719.89
KALINGA 57,507.82 39,572.96 85,234.80 48,481.92 4,947.22
Source: Chico River Watershed Master Plan
91
Province of Kalinga
B. Geologic Hazards
1. Faultlines
Northern Luzon including Kalinga is traversed by numerous faults. The most

dominant of these are the splays of the Philippine Fault Zone that includes Digdig Fault on
the southern portion and a complementary set of north lineaments of Bangui Fault. The Abra
River Fault splays strike traversing the western side of northern Luzon where Kalinga is
located. These Fault lines traverse almost all the municipalities except Rizal longitudinally
towards Apayao where it joins Bangui Fault, another suspected strike-slip fault. Large
earthquakes (e.g. from 1923 to 1990) are associated with these faults although Kalinga was
fortunate that it was spared from destruction that devastated other provinces in the country.
Based on the data generated using the Rapid Earthquake Damage assessment System
(REDAS) through scenario simulations, there are 25 epicenters identified within the
territorial jurisdiction of Kalinga. An epicenter is a point of the earth surface that is directly
above the hypocenter or focus where an earthquake or underground eruption originates. In
case of earthquake, the epicenter is directly above the point where the fault begins to rupture
and in most cases, it is the area of greatest damage. The identification of these epicenters
was based on the different seismic historical events and fault lines that traverse the province
which was generated by DOST and PHIVOLCS. The presence of these epicenters and fault
lines within the province may reactivate and amplify ground shaking, earthquake induced
landslide and liquefaction.
92
Province of Kalinga
Map 19
DOST & PHIVOLCS
93
Province of Kalinga
Map 20
94
Province of Kalinga
2. Liquefaction
This is a phenomenon whereby a saturated or partially saturated soil substantially

loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress usually earthquake shaking or
other sudden changes in stress condition, causing it to behave like a liquid. The phenomenon
is most observed in saturated, lose or uncompacted sandy soils. Based on experiences in
other countries, liquefaction was a major factor of destruction and damages in residential
properties. Due to these experiences, the building codes in many developed countries require
engineers to consider the effects of soil liquefaction in the design of new buildings and
infrastructures such as bridges, embankment dams and retaining structures.
In Kalinga, this phenomenon is noted only in Tabuk City, Rizal & Pinukpuk along the
areas traversed by fault lines especially near existing rivers. Although the magnitude of
affected area and population (14%) is considered minimal as indicated in the following Table
and Map, this condition should be fully understand by the affected community and concerned
agencies involved in construction activities .
Table 32
Population and Area Exposed to Liquefaction
By Municipality
Percentage
Population Prone Population
MUNICIPALITY Population Area (Ha) of Exposed
Density Areas Exposed
Population
Balbalan 12082 52528.66 0.23001 0 0 0.00%
City Of Tabuk 103912 74811.753 1.38898 16000 22220 21.38%
Lubuagan 9369 25892.361 0.36184 0 0 0.00%
Pasil 9626 22247.034 0.43269 0 0 0.00%
Pinukpuk 29596 47711.256 0.62031 5020 3114 10.52%
Rizal (Liwan) 15942 18790.236 0.84842 2986 2533 15.89%
Tanudan 8529 31112.826 0.27413 0 0 0.00%
Tinglayan 12557 16687.84 0.75246 0 0 0.00%
TOTAL 201613 289781.966 24006 27867 14%
Source: GIS generated based on MGB map
95
Province of Kalinga
Map 21
96
Province of Kalinga
VI. ECONOMY
1. Economic Structure
The economy of Kalinga is basically agriculture-dominated. As such, the bulk of
employment is found in the agriculture, forestry and fishery sector. As reflected on
Table, almost 66.74% of the total number of gainful workers 15 years and over are
employed under the agriculture sector although the nature of employment is
considered seasonal.
Table 33
Gainful Workers by Major Kind of Business or Industry, Province of Kalinga
By Age Group and Sex, 2011-16
Total Gainful
Percentage
Major Kind of Business or Industry Workers 15 Years
Distribution
Old and Over
Both Sexes - Total 72,059 99.97
Agriculture Forestry and Fishing 48,093 66.74
Mining of Quarrying 782 1.09
Manufacturing 1,016 1.41
Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 29 0.04
Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities 11 0.02
Construction 2,247 3.12
Wholesale and Retail Trade; and Repair of Motor Vehicles and
3,798 5.27
Motorcycles
Transportation and Storage 2,996 4.16
Accommodation Food Service Activities 211 0.29
Information and Communication 163 0.23
Other Occupation Not Elsewhere Classified 139 0.19
Real Estate Activities 10 0.01
Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities 145 0.20
Administrative and Support Service Activities 259 0.36
Public Administrative and Defense; Compulsory Social Security 5,509 7.65
Education 2,665 3.70
Human Health and Social Work Activities 608 0.84
Arts, Entertainment and Recreation 32 0.04
Other Service Activities 3,314 4.60
Activities of Households as Employers and Undifferentiated Goods and
22
Services and Producing Activities of Households for Own Use
Not Reported 11 0.02
Source: NSO ,POPCEN 2015
97
Province of Kalinga
2. Potentials for Contributing to Local Economic Growth
a. Economic Based Industries
Agriculture plays a significant role in the province in the attainment of its role as
the rice granary in the region. Agricultural activities are located in all municipalities of
the province but largely located in Tabuk City, Rizal and Pinukpuk wherein agricultural
production is largely on commercial scale.
The province also has the capability for mining operation however responsible
mining should be applied so that it would not become destructive to the environment. At
present there are existing small scale community –based mining activities in Pasil and
Balbalan.
Geothermal energy production is another potential economic activity for the

province as source of local energy. The water resources are also potential for the
development of mini and micro hydro power for energy generation.
Considering that the province is endowed with potential nature and culture-base
tourism resources, tourism industry could bring in sustainable economic activities for
the various communities especially where the tourists attractions are located.
1. Crop Production
The province is the primary producer of palay and coffee contributing 35 percent and 65
percent to the CAR’s production of palay and coffee respectively. It stands second to Ifugao in
terms of corn production.
During the period 2014-2016, it was noted that there is not much increase in terms of crop
area devoted for rice due to the cut-off of the irrigation form the National Irrigation
Administration and the impact of typhoons that visited the province. However, there was a
remarkable increase in total area in hectares with an average annual growth rate of 132.15percent,
and production of 45.85 percent in metric tons especially in rainfed crop areas.
98
Province of Kalinga
Table 34
Palay Production (in Metric Tons)
Cordillera Administrative Region, 2014-2016
Particulars 2014 2015 2016 GR (%)
Area 18,905.70 32,196.5 33,569.90 4.26
Irrigated Prod'n 110,666.45 174,813.25 158,388.17 -9.39
Yield 5.65 5.43 4.72 -13.10
Area 1,182.00 479.00 1,112.00 132.15
Rainfed Prod'n 5,900.44 1,368.50 1,996.00 45.85
Yield 4.99 2.86 1.79 -37.17
Area 688.86 1,294.00 1,905.70 47.27
Prod'n 2,139.67 3,150.50 3,728.90 18.36
Upland
Yield 3.11 2.43 1.96 -19.63
Source: Office on Agricultural Services
Across municpality in 2016, Tabuk City has the the highest in terms of area
devoted to palay, production and yield per hectare for irriagted and rainfed followed by
Rizal and Pinukpuk for irrigated. On the hand Tanudan is the highest interms of
production of upland rice with 1,261.5 metrict ton followed by Pinukpuk with 1,000.00
metric ton and Tabuk City with 811.5 metric ton.
Table 35
Palay Production, Area Harvested & Average Yield
Province of Kalinga, by Municipality, 2016
Municipality irrigated Rainfed Upland
Area Prod'n Yield Area Prod'n Yield Area Prod'n Yield
Kalinga 33,569.90 158,388.17 4.72 913.00 1,112.00 1.79 1,905.70 3,728.90 1.96%
3.58
Balbalan 1,352.70 3,550.48 2.62 40.00 88.00 2.20%
Lubuagan 745.80 2,207.84 2.96 25.00 2.60 25.00 62.50 2.50%
Pasil 404.00 731.81 1.81 24.00 19.00 2.50 147.70 372.40 2.52%
Pinukpuk 2,728.90 8,468.01 3.10 139.00 201.00 1.50 400.00 1,000.00 2.50%
Rizal 4,290.00 22,146.95 5.16 45.00 1.50 48.00 103.00 2.15%
Tabuk City 20,766.50 110,972.53 5.34 670.00 780.00 1.81 629.00 811.50 1.29%
Tanudan 1,700.00 5,510.55 3.24 80.00 30.00 2.67 600.00 1,261.5 2.10%
Tinglayan 1,582.00 4,800.00 3.03 12.00 1.75 16.00 30.00 1.88%
Source: Office on Agricultural Services, 2016
99
Province of Kalinga
 Rice Supply Situation

Equating the total rice production with the total consumption requirement of the
populace, the total production of the province is more than enough to cover the total
consumption requirement of the province. Overall, the province reflected a total surplus
of 119,893.84 metric tons or a sufficiency rate of 621.66 percent. Among the
municipalities, Tabuk City accounted for 73.60% of the total provincial production
followed by Rizal (10.37%) then Pinukpuk.(8.34%). Meanwhile, the municipalities of
Pasil and Lubuagan has the least production given the limited production area.
Table 36
Rice Sufficiency Index, Province of Kalinga, 2013
Palay Consumption
Clear Rice Surplus/ Sufficiency
Municipality Production Requirement
Production(mt) (Deficit) Rate
(mt) (mt)
Kalinga 219,811.41 142,877.38 22,983.54 119,893.84 621.66
Balbalan 3,416.00 2,220.40 1377.35 843.05 161.21
Lubuagan 1,392.00 904.80 1068.07 (163.27) 84.71
Pasil 1,000.00 650.00 1097.02 (447.02) 59.25
Pinukpuk 18,345.78 11,924.75 3373.94 8,550.81 353.44
Rizal 22,810.13 14,826.58 1817.39 13,009.19 815.82
Tabuk City 161,801.32 105,170.85 11845.97 93,324.88 887.82
Tanudan 7,060.52 4,589.33 972.31 3,617.02 472.00
Tinglayan 3,985.66 2,590.67 1431.5 1,159.17 180.98
Source: PPDO computation
 Area Devoted to Corn Production
For the last three years (2014-2016), the areas planted to corn have
reflected an increasing trend with an average annual growth rate of 0.58% for white
corn but has a decreasing trend with an average annual growth rate of neagative
0.01% for yellow corn.
The total corn area as of 2016 for yellow corn is 15,322.80 hectares and
white corn is 1,592.50 hectares. These corn areas are mostly located in Pinukpuk,
Tabuk, Rizal and Tanudan.
100
Province of Kalinga
Table 37
Corn Production, Area Harvested & Yield
Province of Kalinga, 2014-2016
Particulars 2014 2015 2016 AAGR

Area(Has) 14,569.00 15,552.70 15,322.80 -0.01%
Yellow Prod'n 73,136.38 84,057.76 74,009.12 -0.11%
Corn Yield 5.02 5.40 4.83 -0.10%
Area(Has) 1,004.40 1,003.00 1,592.50 0.58%
White Prod'n 2,479.23 2,426.42 4,363.45 0.79%
Corn Yield 2.47 2.42 2.74 0.13%
Source: Office on agricultural Services, Kalinga
Table 38
Corn Area, Production & Yield
Province of Kalinga, By Municipality, 2016
Municipality Yellow Corn White Corn Total

Area Prod'n Yield Area Prod'n Yield Corn area
Kalinga 7,782.00 58,351.52 4.53 431.00 1,684.95 2.42 8,213.00
Balbalan 15.00 5.00 55.88 2.20 20.00
Lubuagan 95.00 1.32 2.32 15.00 33.82 2.65 115.00
Pasil 40.00 20.00 15.40 2.20 60.00
Pinukpuk 2,748.00 24,731.64 4.66 70.00 874.40 1.94 2818.00
Rizal 1,677.00 15,816.14 4.86 18.00 242.32 2.76 1695.00
Tabuk City 2,287.00 11,453.90 5.70 110.00 185.60 3.32 2397.00
Tanudan 870.00 6,348.52 5.01 163.00 277.53 2.34 1033.00
Tinglayan 50.00 30.00 80.00
Source: OAS
 Area Planted with High Value Crops using Value Chain Analysis and e-VSA
Through the Value Chains Analysis of High Value Crops for agricultural
development in the province and using the tool of Expanded Vulnerability and Suitability
Analsyis (e-VSA), to prioritize areas for target locations for interventions, the priority
commodity for the province and the priority areas were identified. The priority
commodities emerged for the province are the Robusta Coffee and Aromatic Pigmented
Rice/Unoy Rice.
101
Province of Kalinga
At present, the province of Kalinga is ranked sixth in terms of production volume

among the coffee producing provinces nationwide and consistently ranked number one
among the provinces in the Cordillera Administrative Region in terms of Robusta Coffee
producing 68 percent of the regions’s Robusta Coffee production .
Table 39
Dried Coffee Berries Production (MT) by Province
Philippines 2009-2013
PROVINCES 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 ’13/’09

Sultan Kudarat 22,411 22,789 22,355 22,709 23,562 5.1%
Sulu 4,911 5,051 5,187 4,985 4,911 -0.0%
Davao del Sur 5,088 4,760 4,804 4,831 4,855 -4.6%
Bukidnon 4,691 4,625 4,562 3,948 4,100 -12.6%
Cavite 7,218 7,000 4,022 7,086 3,999 -44.6%
Kalinga 3,852 3,803 3,857 3,899 3,699 -4.0%
Maguindanao 3,370 3,364 3,355 3,369 3,359 -0.3%
Iloilo 3,394 3,153 3,368 3,199 3,082 -9.2%
North Cotabato 2,748 2,670 2,636 2,734 2,821 2.7%
Compostela Valley 11,764 11,614 9,867 8,597 2,211 -81.2%
South Cotabato 1,867 1,781 1,897 1,886 1,957 4.8%
Basilan 2,032 1,981 1,939 1,879 1,827 -10.1%
Davao Oriental 1,569 1,547 1,522 1,481 1,437 -8.4%
Surigao del Sur 1,941 1,703 1,639 1,454 1,359 -30.0%
Capiz 1,700 1,696 1,803 1,804 1,134 -33.3%
Davao del Norte 1,131 1,135 1,144 1,156 1,134 0.2%
Bulacan 1,136 1,190 1,119 1,091 1,119 -1.5%
Ifugao 1,091 1,076 1,054 1,061 1,052 -3.6%
Batangas 1,245 1,203 1,028 995 754 -39.5%
Zamboanga del Norte 868 846 713 714 713 -17.8%
Negros Occidental 750 725 696 646 677 -9.7%
Nueva Vizcaya 947 907 905 721 664 -29.9%
Misamis Oriental 666 686 674 678 649 -2.5%
Sarangani 528 521 535 540 551 4.3%
Lanao del Norte 615 601 577 555 541 -12.1%
Benguet 485 488 487 492 501 3.4%

Source: Coffee Development Value Chain, Department of Agriculture
102
Province of Kalinga
Table 40
Dried Robusta Berries Production (MT) in CAR,
by Province 2009-2012
Province 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 % Share ’13/’09

CAR (dried berries) 5,700 5,608 5,627 5,674 5,465 100% -4.1%
Abra 54 54 54 54 52 1.0% -3.7%
Apayao 16 14 13 13 16 0.3% 0.0%
Benguet 485 488 487 492 501 9.2% 3.3%
Ifugao 1,091 1,076 1,054 1,061 1,052 19.2% -3.6%
Kalinga 3,852 3,803 3,857 3,899 3,699 67.7% -4.0%
Mountain Province 202 173 162 155 145 2.7% -28.2%
CAR (Robusta) 4,863 4,772 4,974 5,013 4,817 100% -0.9%
In terms of coffee plantation, the province reflected a total production area of

7,449.40 hectares which is 7.31 percent of the total agricultural area in the province and
an average yield of 300 kilos per hectare. Table 41 shows that more than 50 percent of
the total coffee area is located in Tanudan with 3,957.hectares. The data on production
was derived from interviews from coffee farmers which were estimated at an average of
300 kgs green beans per hectare in 2012. With the result of the eVSA, the municipality of
Tanudan ranks first in terms of priority area for interventions having the widest coffee
area and highest production which incidentally having the highest poverty incidence as of
2013 (See Map 22 and table 42 below.)
Table 41
Coffee Area and Production
Arabica Coffee Robusta Coffee Total Prod'n.
Municipality Area (Has) Area (has) Total Area (Metric Tons)
Kalinga 31.70 7,417.70 7,449.40 2,234.70
Balbalan 2.00 632.00 634.00 190.20
Lubuagan 6.10 436.30 442.40 132.60
Pasil 4.00 296.00 300.00 90.00
Pinukpuk 10.00 1,168.00 1,178.00 353.40
Tabuk City 1.00 807.00 808.00 242.40
Tanudan 3.00 3,954.00 3,957.00 1,187.10
Tinglayan 5.60 124.40 130.00 39.00
Average Production per hectare is 0.300 mt/ha
Source: Office of Municipal Agriculturist, 2013
103
Province of Kalinga
Map 22
Expanded Vulnerability and
Suitability Analysis/Map
Robusta Coffee, Kalinga
Pinukpuk
Balbalan Rizal
Tabuk City
Pasil Rank 1 -Tanudan
Rank 2 -Tabuk
Lubuagan Tanudan
Rank 3 -Pinukpuk
Tinglayan
Rank 4 Rizal
Rank 5 -Balbalan
PCIP TWG
104
Province of Kalinga
Table 42
Old and New Rank Results of the eVSA, Kalinga
PRODUC POVERT
PRODUC OLD
TION_VO Y_INCID OLD_CO NEW_CO
TION_AR RANK NEW
MUNICIPALITY LUME_A ENCE_AC MPOSITE MPOSITE
EA_ACTU VSA RANK
CTUAL_D TUAL_DA _INDEX _INDEX
AL_DATA Result
ATA TA
TANUDAN 3954 1187 40.7 0.30182 7 0.45212 1
TABUK 807 242 8.8 0.44778 2 0.28413 2
PINUKPUK 1168 353 31.9 0.38778 3 0.23502 3
RIZAL 0 0 9.1 0.4985 1 0.22716 4
LUBUAGAN 436 133 26.1 0.3118 5 0.13701 5
BALBALAN 632 190 33.9 0.3039 6 0.13365 6
TINGLAYAN 124 39 26.4 0.2979 8 0.09771 7
PASIL 296 90 41.2 0.3332 4 0.09673 8
Based on data from the Management Information Division of the Department of

Agriculture, the province of Kalinga ranked as third among the Aromatic and Pigmented
Rice provinces in the Cordillera Administrative Region with an average yield of 2.77
metric tons per hectare (see table below).
Table 43
Top Producing Aromatic and Pigmented Rice Provinces
In Cordillera Administrative Region, 2014
Province/ Area Estimated Ave Yield/ha

Municipality (in ha) Production (in MT) (in MT)
Benguet 747 1,558 2.09
Ifugao 5,141 16,060 3.12
Kalinga 2,373 6,572 2.77
Mt Province 4,105 12,445 3.03
Source: Department of Agriculture – Management Information Division
The Aromatic and Pigmented Rice (Heirloom Rice) has gained recognition from
the American and Europe. It is noted that since 1997, Kalinga Unoy red rice reached
markets in Montana, USA through Revitalized Indigenous Cordillera Entrepreneurs,
Inc. (RICE, Inc.) and continues to invade the international markets because of its
rapidly increasing demand as a result of its lasting aroma which is part of the likes of
foreigners consuming the locally produced rice variety.
Table presents the data on the total area planted with Unoy Rice, average harvest
and number of farmers engaged. The estimated potential area for Unoy Rice paddies is
105
Province of Kalinga
2,373 hectares situated in the highland areas of Tinglayan, Lubuagan, Pasil, Pinukpuk,
Tanudan and Tabuk City.
Table 44
Heirloom Rice Production
Province of Kalinga, 2015
Area in has. Production in metric Average Yield

Municipality
(LGU Data) tons (LGU Data) per hectare
Balbalan 345 909.00 2.6
Lubuagan 380 1,330.00 3.5
Pasil 210 526.00 2.5
Pinukpuk 150 375.00 2.5
Rizal 25 63.75 2.55
Tabuk 89 284.00 3.19
Tanudan 300 900.00 3.0
Tinglayan 874 2,185.00 2.5
2.77
TOTAL 2,373 6,572.75
Source: Municipal Agriculturist Office
Using the eVSA as a tool for prioritization for target location, the result shows
that the municipality of Tinglayan ranks first in terms of priority area for Heirloom Rice.
Table 45
Old and New Rank Results of the eVSA
Kalinga
Access
To
Produc Prodn
Nation
Poverty tion Volum Old New_Com
al Old New
Municipality Incidenc Real e Composite posite_
Highw Rank Rank
e Actual Actual Index Index
ays
Data Data
Actual
Data
TINGLAYAN 26.4 0.2 820 2050 0.2979 8 0.49303 1
TANUDAN 40.7 0.19 440.4 1101 0.3022 7 0.39201 2
PASIL 41.2 0 334 835 0.3332 4 0.3888 3
LUBUAGAN 26.1 0.44 380 1330 0.3118 5 0.34208 4
BALBALAN 33.9 0.57 345 909 0.3039 6 0.30685 5
PINUKPUK 31.9 0.74 150 375 0.3749 3 0.24576 6
TABUK 8.8 0.93 89 284 0.4484 2 0.18962 7
RIZAL 9.1 1 25 63.75 0.4734 1 0.16803 8
106
Province of Kalinga
107
Province of Kalinga
 Area Planted with Other High Value Crops
The other high value crops produced in the province includes banana, coconut,
mango and hotpepper. The fruits from these crops are usually sold in volume in local
public markets during harvest season. In the case of banana, there are existing traders who
consolidates produced of individual farmers and delivers them to market outlet outside
Kalinga. Meanwhile produced from the minor crops are basically used for household
consumption.
Table 46
Other High Value Crops, Area and Production, Type of Crop
Province of Kalinga, 2011 – 2013
2014 2015 2016

COMMODITY Area Production Area Production Area Production
(Has.) (MT) (Has.) (MT) (Has.) (MT)
Permanent/Industrial Crops
Coffee Arabica* 31.70 9.6 31.70 12.363 33.7 12.363
Coffee Robusta* 7,417.70 2,207.50 7417.70 2,892.63 756.70 2,894.97
Coconut 484.00 968.00 492.00 988.00
Calamansi 8.00 10.05 5.35 7.20 6.20 7.50
Mango 84.00 79.65 808.65 3,356.00 813.65 3,522.89
Pineapple 18.00 38.75 9.30 19.90 10.00 21.50
Banana 296.00 1,329.35 3,220.50 22,427.40 3,352.29 17,430.20
Sugarcane 843.80 1,198.80 843.80 1,198.80
Cacao 8.00 34.60 7.00 39.50 7.50
ROOTS CROPS
Sweet Potato 18.00 200.10 10.72 156.80
Ubi/Tugui 4.00 7.50 0.14 19.00 0.70 10.50
SPICES
Ginger 5.00 29.65 12.82 76.10 25.64 152.05
Pepper/Sili 2.00 0.54 5.00 11.30 8.90 15.50
Garlic 8.00 14.45 2.00 1.90 1.64 2.13
Source: Consolidated 2012 data from the Offices on Municipal Agriculturists through the office
on Provincial Agricultural Service (OPAS)
2. Livestock and Poultry Production

In 2013, the Office on Veterinary Services has inventoried a total of 334,880
various kinds of livestock and fowls. Of these total population, chicken accounted for 51
percent with a total population of 171,044 heads followed by hogs which are commonly
raised by every household with 54,055, ducks (46,835) and dogs (27,521). Large cattles
108
Province of Kalinga
toinclude cattle and carabao have a combined population of 26,357 heads and these are
usually raised in communal and private pasture lands.
In terms of meat supply, it is noted that pork and beef supply from these animals are
basically enough for local consumption within the province. However, in the case of
poultry products, the present production is very much insufficient to meet the consumption
requirement of the populace as evidenced by the entry of truckloads of broiler, layer culls
and eggs from poultry farms outside Kalinga.
Table 47
Livestock & Poultry Inventory, Province of Kalinga,
by Municipality, 2013
Municipality Carabao Cattle Goats Hogs Chicken Ducks Turkey Sheep Horse Dogs
Kalinga 13,549 12,808 5,740 54,055 171,044 46,835 2,244 261 823 27,521
Balbalan 656 329 78 2,853 12,987 1,893 462 86 2,287
Lubuagan 517 604 111 6,748 13,745 481 28 33 12 1,127
Pasil 373 410 224 2,344 9,796 2,804 313 18 1,272
Pinukpuk 4,368 3,689 1,036 6,897 11,374 4,763 287 62 362 4,339
Rizal 846 1,112 893 4,241 34,536 6,315 166 40 24 4,073
Tabuk 4,622 5,532 2,944 24,165 66,740 27,332 693 126 228 11,470
Tanudan 820 918 367 2,354 9,783 2,624 143 93 1,460
Tinglayan 1,347 214 87 4,453 12,083 623 152 1,493
Source: Veterinary Office
 Animal Breeding Stations

At present, there are only four (4) government operated breeding stations in the
province; two is under the provincial government which is located in Bulanao within the
DA compound and the other one in Rizal, Kalinga. The one operated by the City
Government of Tabuk is situated in the Tabuk Agro Food & Research Development Center
which is located in barangay Balong. Likewise, the breeding center in Balbalan is located
within the Municipal Nursery compound in Balantoy, Balbalan.
Services extended by these stations include artificial and natural insemination
especially for swine. There are also some private swine raisers offering natural
inseminationservices within their community as source of additional income.
3. Agri-Infrastruture Support Facilities
 Irrigation
Per records from the Provincial Irrigation Office, there are 25,825.49 hectares
irrigated rice lands as of 2016 which is 58.44 percent of the total potential irrigable areas in
the province. These areas are being irrigated through existing irrigation facilities to include
109
Province of Kalinga
the national Irrigation system, communal and private irrigation systems and water pumps.
Gleaned on the table below, most of the irrigated areas are located in the major rice
producing municipalities to include Pinukpuk, Rizal and the Tabuk City. Based on the total
potential irrigable areas of 44,190 hectares, there are still lots of areas waiting to be
irrigated with a total area of 18,364.51 hectares which are mostly located in Tabuk City,
Pinukpuk and Rizal.
Table 48
Status of Irrigation Coverage
Province of Kalinga, By Administration, 2016
Original Service Area (Has.) Remaini

Total ng
Potential Communal Irrigation System Percent
Original Areas
Irrigable National of
Municipality Assited Service for
Area Irrigation NIA Assisted devep
by Other Area Develop
(Has.) System Private Total ment
Gov't (Has.) ment
Gravity Pump Total Agencies (Has.)
Balbalan 2,350.00 582.43 14.00 596.43 324.70 768.83 1,689.96 1,689.96 71.91 660.04
Lubuagan 2,733.00 1,328.70 9.00 1,337.70 127.00 504.00 1,968.70 1,968.70 72.03 764.30
Pasil 1,792.00 16.00 918.29 96.00 1,014.29 26.00 406.00 1,446.29 1,462.29 81.60 329.71
Pinukpuk 5,330.00 563.00 831.20 9.00 840.20 73.90 738.57 1,652.67 2,215.67 41.57 3,114.33
Rizal 8,025.00 24.00 1,176.80 378.50 1,555.30 125.00 1,033.50 2,713.80 2,737.80 34.12 5,287.20
Tabuk City 17,116.00 7,496.00 2,305.08 9.50 2,314.58 33.00 704.53 3,052.11 10,548.11 61.63 6,567.89
Tanudan 2,775.00 852.23 78.50 930.73 56.00 926.50 1,913.23 1,913.23 68.95 861.77
Tinglayan 4,069.00 31.00 1,343.80 15.00 1,358.80 364.23 1,535.70 3,258.73 3,289.73 80.85 779.27
KALINGA 44,190.00 8,130.00 9,338.53 609.50 9,948.03 1,129.83 6,617.63 17,695.49 25,825.49 58.44 18,364.51
Source: NIA-PIO, Bulanao, Tabuk
Other major infra-support facilities inlude farm to market roads, solar driers and
ware houses. All facilities are jointly provided through the various programs of the
Department of Agiculture, provincial and municipal local government units.
4. Agricultural Areas Succeptibility to Rain Induced Landslide

In the province, the agricultural sector is mostly affected during typhoons and
drought. As shown in the Map 12 below, most of the agricultural areas in the
municipalities of Balbalan, Tinglayan and Pasil are highly susceptible to landslide
especially when there is continuous heavy rainfall. Mostly affected areas are those located
along mountain sides with steep slopes planted with annual crops which are prone to
erosion. Meanwhile, the effect of landslide in the crop areas in Pinukpuk, Tabuk & Rizal
ranges from moderate to low due to the relatively flat to rolling topography.
110
Province of Kalinga
In terms of magnitude of affected agricultural areas, it is noted that only 4.14

percent of the total area is highly susceptible to landslide and these areas are most located
in Pasil (36.51%), Balbalan (22.89%), Tanudan (18-82%), Lubuagan (15.57%)
andTinglayan (14.48%).
Table 49
Agricultural Area Susceptible to Landslide
By Municipality, Kalinga
Exposed
Agricultural
Exposure Percentage
Agricultural Areas within
Municipal Name Within High Susceptible
Areas in Ha High
Areas
Susceptible
Areas
Balbalan 10302 2358 22.89
City Of Tabuk 121590 72.9 0.06
Lubuagan 6015 924.8 15.37
Pasil 7162 2615 36.51
Pinukpuk 40050 32.3 0.08
Rizal (Liwan) 22332 0 0
Tanudan 3123 587.6 18.82
Tinglayan 19796 2965 14.98
Total Areas 230,370 9,555.6039 4.1449
Source: GIS Generated based on MGB Hazard map & Land use map
111
Province of Kalinga
Map 24
Map 22
112
Province of Kalinga
3. Vulnerability of Agriculture Sector to Climate Change Impacts

The assessment was primarily focussed on crop production which is highly
sensitive to hazards like typhoons and climate change impacts such as drought and
incidence of pest and diseases which will result to crop damages and lossess on the part
of the farmers. It was noted that the exposure to these hazards is considered low since
there were no recorded incidence of these calamities during the last three years.
Although, the exposure is considered low, there are existing mitigation programs being
implemented by concerned agencies and the municipal government to lessen the effects
of these hazards. These includes integrated pest and diseases management and sloping
agricultural land technology and crop protection program. The coverage of the crop
protection program however is limited to rice and corn farmers. Based on the generated
vulnerability index. the sector is moderately vulnerable to hazards and climate change
impacts.
Table 50
Crop Production Vulnerability Index
Adaptive
Sensitivity Exposure Vul Index
Municipalities Capacity Haz Code
Value
Sense_SWR AgEx_SWR CPAC_SWR
City Of Tabuk 0.33250 0.20250 0.74050 0.45670 Moderate
Lubuagan 0.37100 0.20000 0.97350 0.56070 Moderate
Pasil 0.36450 0.20000 0.97350 0.55875 Moderate
Tanudan 0.36550 0.20000 0.85750 0.51265 Moderate
Low Very Low Low
113
Province of Kalinga
Map 25
114
Province of Kalinga
VII. Tourism
Being blessed with natural panoramic sceneries and rich cultural heritage as
indicated on Table 23, tourism industry is considered as an emerging economic
activitiy in Kalinga. This is manifested by the increasing tourist arrivals as indicated on
Table 43.
The declaration of Kalinga as a Tourism Development Area (TDA) and the
provision of fund thereof in May 17, 2013 by virtue of Republic Act 10561 gave the
province strong policy mandate to develop its tourism potentials. It also sets the general
direction in harnessing the area’s tourism potentials that capitalizes on the unique assets
of each component locality to enable it to specialize in certain forms of sustainable
tourism while staying true to a distinct Kalinga brand of tourism: Tinglayan’s kalinga
tatoo art and land is life battle cry; Lubuagan’s tapestry of colors and as the cultural
capital of Kalinga; Pasil’s gold encrusted mountains; Tabuk as the City of life and the
provincial tourism service center; Balbalan as the land of living waters; Pinukpuk’s
healing waters; Tanudan’s legacy rice terraces and Rizal’s archeological treasures.
a. Accommodation
The table below is the list of accomodation facilities with restaurant. Three of
which are DOT accredited.
Table 51
Accommodation Facilities, Province of Kalinga, 2016
No. of
Establishment/Classification Address Type of Room
Rooms
Conference room 5
Davidson Hotel & Restaurant Bulanao, Tabuk City
Double, Private 23
(DOT Accredited)
Family
Golden Berries Hotel & Restaurant Conference rooms 3
San Juan, Tabuk City
(DOT Accredited) Rooms 36
Conference Room 1
Grandzion Garden Resort Hotel, Inc. Bulanao, Tabuk City
Rooms 19
EDNL Diocesan Center Bulanao, Tabuk Private/ Double 8
Laoagan Inn Conference 1
Bulanao, Tabuk
(DOT Accredited) Single/ Double 14
Conference 1
Bilza Resort & Lodge Dagupan, Tabuk
Single/Double 12
Las Vegas Hotel and Music Lounge Pobl. West, Tabuk Rooms 24
Conference Hall 3
TAMPCO Training Center Appas, Tabuk
Rooms 18
Conference 2
Tabuk Pastoral Center Bulanao, Tabuk Rooms: Private & 15
Dorm type
Mahseypahn Lodge Dagupan, Tabuk City Pension House 12
115
Province of Kalinga
Sandy Uy Lodge Dagupan, Tabuk City Rooms 8

Conference Rooms 2
M Hotel Appas, Tabuk City
Rooms 18
Balbalan Hostel Poblacion, Balbalan Rooms 5
Balbalasang Guest House Balbalan Rooms 5
Advent Episcopal Church Guest
Balbalan Rooms 4
House
Jeffrey L. Dongui-is Homestay Balbalan Rooms 3
Balbalan Agro-Industrial School
Balantoy, Balbalan Rooms 4
Principal’s Cottage
JBC Inn & Restaurant Poblacion, Lubuagan Rooms 5
Henrich Homestay Lubuagan Rooms 5
Awichon Cottages Awichon, Lubuagan Rooms 4
Mother M-K Homestay Lubuagan Rooms 4
Tandayu Homestay Lubuagan Rooms 3
Lutgarda’s Homestay Lubuagan Rooms 3
Inga’s Homestay Lubuagan Rooms 4
Baltao Homestay Lubuagan Rooms 3
San Francico Homestay Lubuagan Rooms 3
Guina-angm Homestay Pasil Rooms 4
Colayo Homestay Pasil Rooms 3
Balatoc Homestay Pasil Rooms 6
Municipal Townsite Pasil Rooms 4
Dangiw Homestay Pasil Rooms 4
Batalao Homestay Pasil Rooms 3
Malannag Homestay Pasil Rooms 2
Taga Homestay Pinukpuk Rooms 8
Mina’s Residence Pinukpuk Rooms 3
Dao-ayan Homestay Pinukpuk Rooms 2
Lagayon Homestay Pinukpuk Rooms 2
Mangwag Homestay Pinukpuk Rooms 2
Charity Mangwag’s Hmestay Pinukpuk Rooms 2
Corazon Baggas Homestay Pinukpuk Rooms 2
Lumawig Homestay Pinukpuk Rooms 2
Bersamin Homestay Pinukpuk Rooms 2
Langkit Homestay Pinukpuk Rooms 4
Dela Cruz Homestay Rizal Rooms 2
Jambaro Homestay Rizal Rooms 2
DA Research Outreach Station Rizal Rooms 5
Renato Vicente Homestay Rizal Rooms 2
Depalog Homestay Rizal Rooms 2
Tanudan Home Stay Tanudan Rooms 12
Buscalan Homestay Tinglayan Room 8
Sleeping Beauty Inn Tinglayan, Kalinga Double 9
Lup-lupa Riverside Inn Lup-lupa, Tinglayan Double 8
Tulgao Homestay Tulgao, Tinglayan Room 4
Whang-od Oggay Homestay Tinglayan Room 1
116
Province of Kalinga
Source: Tourism Office
b. Tourist Arrivals
In the period 2015 and 2016, there was a very significant increase in the number
of visitors coming to the province with an average annual growth rate of 98.70 percent.
This huge increase in tourist arrivals can be attributed to the continuous conduct of
cultural festivals and events in the province and in the various municipalities. The white
water rafting adventure along the Chico River from Tinglayan to Tabuk being managed
by the Chico River Quest, Inc. has also attracted a number of foreign and domestic
tourists to the province especially during the months of June to December when the water
level in the Chico River is relatively high. Lately, more tourists’ arrivals are also recorded
in Tinglayan primarily to visit the 93 year old Kalinga woman tattoo artist. Foremost is
the implementation the R.A. 10561 declaring Kalinga as a Tourism Development Areas
and the providing funding for tourism activities.
By place of origin the bulk of the visitors are domestic tourist which is 87.70
percent of the total tourist arrivals 2016. The foreign tourist comprises only 12.30 percent
percent and majority are coming from the countries in Europe, East Asia and North
America.
Table 52
Tourist Arrivals, Province of Kalinga, 2014-2016
YEAR DOMESTIC/LOCAL FOREIGN TOTAL

2014 77,094 9,222 86,316
2015 70,588 13,921 84,509
2016 147,290 20,652 167,942
Average Annual
108.60% 32.59% 98.70%
Growth Rate (%)
Source: Office on Tourism services, Kalinga
Table 54
Tourist Arrivals, Province of Kalinga, By Place of Origin, 2016
%
Country of Residence Number of Visitors
Distribution
ASEAN
SOUTH EAST ASIA
Indonesia 64
Thailand 209
Vietnam 267
Singapore 255
Malaysia 140
Cambodia 20
Myanmar 34
117
Province of Kalinga
Laos 31
Brunei 13
Sub-Total 1,033 5.00%
EAST ASIA
China 960
Hongkong 184
Japan 709
Korea 1,614
Taiwan 458
Sub-Total 3,925 19.00%
SOUTH ASIA
India 322
Bangladesh 28
Nepal 230
Sri Lanka 56
Pakistan 163
Sub-Total 799 3.87%
MIDDLE EAST
UAE 157
Egypt 95
Israel 1,276
Iran 162
Saudi Arabia 209
Bahrain 79
Jordan 75
Kuwait 74
Sub-Total 2,127 10.30
EURASIA
Commonweatlh of
108
Independent State Europe
Russia 84
Sub-Total 192 0.93%
NORTH AMERICA
Canada 1,438
U.S.A 2,385
Mexico 96
Sub-Total 3,919 18.98%
SOUTH AMERICA
Argentina 157
Brazil 185
Colombia 250
Venezuela 251
Peru 150
Sub-Total 993 4.81%
OCEANA
Guam 64
118
Province of Kalinga
Australia 853
New Zealand 295
Papua New Guinea 57
Nauro 29
Sub-Total 1,298 6.29%
EUROPE
Luxembourg 73
Austria 353
Belgium 412
Finland 187
France 484
Germany 243
Greece 138
Poland 276
Italy 339
Netherlands 357
Norway 242
Spain 384
Sweden 401
Switzerland 490
United Kingdom 588
Union of Serbia & Montenegro 69
Portugal 394
Ireland 203
Denmark 398
Sub-Total 6,031 29.20%
AFRICA
South Africa 57
Nigeria 278
Sub-Total 335 1.62%
Total Foreign Visitors 20,652 12.30%
Total Domestic Visitors 147,290 87.70%

TOTAL 167,942
Source: Provincial Tourism Office
VIII. TRANSPORTATION, ACCESS AND CIRCULATION
The province has a total road network of 1,261.77 kilometers. As to classification,

barangay roads accounted the biggest share with 45.61 percent followed by national roads
with 31.57 percent while provincial and municipal roads accounted 15.76 percent and
7.03 percent respectively.
119
Province of Kalinga
Among the municipalities, Tabuk being the capital town of the province
accounted for the highest percentage share of 62.69% of the total road length followed by
Pinukpuk with 20.38 percent and Rizal with 10.97 percent. The remaining 5.96% is
hared by the upland municipalities. Given the total road length of 1,261.77 kilometers, the
road density is only 0.385 kilometers per square kilometer which implies that there is
really scarsity of roads in the province. At present, there are still 38 out of the 153
barangays that are not accessible to vehicular road.
Of the total road network in the province, only 360.70 kilometers (28.59%) are
concrete, the bulk of which are national roads with 244.11 kilometers. Gravel roads
accounted for a total of 514.20 kilometers (40.75%) and earth roads totaled to 386.88
kilometers. Generally, these earth roads are hardly passable duirng during rainy season.
 External Linkages
Kalinga is linked with the province of Cagayan by the Kalinga – Cagayan- Abbut
Road, connected to Isabela and Mt. Province by Mt. Province Boundary-Calanan-Abbut
Road and Abra by through the Kalinga- Abra Road.
The Manila to Kalinga route is served by four main transport groups, the Victory
Liner, Auto Bus, Florida and Dangwa Liner while route to Baguio is served by Dangwa,
GL Trans and commuter vans. Internal circulation are provied by public utility jeepneys,
mini-buses, multi-cabs and tricycles.
Tuguegarao Airport of Cagayan Valley serves as the nearest access for air
transportation in the province. There is also an existing airport in Cauyan, Isabela
which is about two hours drive from Tabuk City.
 Internal Circulation
The province has a total of 38 provincial roads with a total kilometerage of 198.94
which are linked to the national highways then connects to municipal and barangay
road networks. These road netwrok plays a vital role in the socio-economic activities in
the province as these will facilitate delivary/transport of goods and services to the various
communities.
120
Province of Kalinga
Table 55
Road Kilometerage by Classification, By Municipality, Kalinga 2013
Total % of Road
Mun. Nat’l Prov’l. Mun. Brgy. Land
Road Distri- Density
Roads Road Road Road Roads Area
Length bution Km/sq.Km
Balbalan 63.26 9.96 2.37 30.48 106.07 8.41 546.44 0.195
Lubuagan 35.03 1.69 1.70 6.00 44.42 3.52 674.90 0.116
Pasil 22.43 11.85 18.00 7.80 60.08 4.76 155.83 0.292
Pinukpuk 56.35 43.13 49.66 108.12 257.26 20.39 199.00 0.345
Rizal 33.30 3.00 5.97 96.25 138.52 10.98 728.60 0.836
Tabuk 118.13 79.92 5.29 293.54 496.88 39.38 242.16 0.752
Tanudan 37.63 28.72 5.50 12.00 83.85 6.64 386.41 0.212
Tinglayan 32.33 20.67 0.30 21.40 74.70 5.92 297.96 0.299
Kalinga 398.46 198.94 88.79 575.58 1,261.77 100.00 3,231.30 0.385
Source: PEO, DPWH, MDP, PPDO
Table 56
Road Kilometerage by type of Surface, Kalinga 2013
Type of Surface
Road Classification
Concrete Gravel Earth Total % Dist.
National 244.11 152.06 2.29 398.46 31.58
Provincial 31.01 90.49 77.44 198.94 15.77
Municipal 2.68 26.46 59.65 88.79 7.04
Barangay 82.90 245.19 247.49 575.58 45.61
Total 360.70 514.20 386.88 1,261.77 100.00
% Distribution 28.59 40.75 30.66 100.00
Source: DPWH, PEO & Municipalities * - Total road length does not include bridge
As of 2013, the province has a total length of 2,215.34 linear meters of bridges
which are mostly located along national roads. In terms of structure, 47.31 percent are
made of concrete, 36.45 percent steel and only 17.86 percent are partially made of
wooden slabs and steel truss or considered as Bailey bridge. It is noted however that there
are numerous existing foot bridges in the different municipalities and barangays which
are not included in this report.
During the onslaught of the recent typhoons Ineng and Lando, lots of barangay,
municipal, provincial and national roads and bridges had been destroyed, damaged and
closed due to landslides. Most of these road are located in the upper municipalities of
Balbalan, Pasil, Tinglayan, Lubuagan, Tanudan and part of Pinukpuk, Rizal and Tabuk
City which isolated some barangays.
121
Province of Kalinga
As per record from the Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
(PDRRMC), the damage was roughly estimated to Php 64,900,000.00 during typhoon
Ineng and Php 70,342,505.00.
122
Province of Kalinga
Map 26
123
Province of Kalinga
Kalinga being a landlocked province has no ports; however, there are some
barangays along the Chico River that use boat to cross the river particularly in Gawidan,
Malin-awa, Amlao and Suyang within Tabuk City. Likewise, residents of Catabbogan,
Pinukpuk also use banca to cross the Chico River towards Pinococ while barangays
Magaogao and Sucbot across the Aliog river..
Among the 153 barangays of the province, forty eight (38) are still inaccessible by
transport vehicles especially during wet seasons thus routes to these barangays should be
given top priority.
Table 57
Road Accessibility of Barangays, Kalinga Province by Municipality, 2013
Municipality No. of Barangays Accessible Inaccessible
Balbalan 14 9 5
Lubuagan 9 7 2
Pasil 14 9 5
Pinukpuk 23 17 6
Rizal 15 15 0
Tabuk 43 2 2
Tanudan 16 6 10
Tinglayan 20 12 8
Kalinga 153 116 38
 Land Transport System

Traversing the province’s road network is a total of 2,829 transport vehicles as
registered by the Land Transportation Office. Of the total number of registered vehicles,
1,974 or 69.77 percent are private vehicles, 766 or 27.07 percent are for hire and only 89
or 3.14 percent are government-owned vehicles. Bulk of the registered vehicles is located
in Tabuk sharing 97% while Tanudan has the least number of registered vehicles.
Equating the total number of utility vehicles with the total population, the ratio is
computed at 1:75. This implies that the existing number of passenger vehicles could
hardly accommodate the commuting public. It has also been observed that during summer
vacation and yuletide seasons, public utility vehicles are inadequate to accommodate the
volume of passengers thus some passengers are forced to alight on top of the passenger
jeeps at their own risk.
 Susceptibility of Road Network to Landslide
As indicated on the following Map and Table, a total of 160 kilometers or 36%
of the total road kilometrage are highly susceptible to landslides especially during heavy
rainfall which are mostly national roads leading to the adjacent provinces of Mountain
124
Province of Kalinga
Province and Abra. Meanwhile, only 14% of the provincial roads are highly susceptible,
25% moderate and majority with 46% have low susceptibility. Gleaned from Map 25,
roads located along flat lands in Pinukpuk, Tabuk & Rizal are actually not affected
with landslides.
Table 58
Road Network affected by Landslide
Exposed Exposure Exposure
Exposed Exposed Exposure
Road Percentage of Percentage
Road Length Road Percentage of
Length Road Length of Road
Road Within Length Road Length
ROAD_CLASS Within Within Length
Length_KM Highly Within Low Within Highly
Moderately Moderately Within Low
Susceptible Susceptible Susceptible
Susceptible Susceptible Susceptible
Areas Areas Areas
Areas Areas Areas
National Road 360.9715138 147.2988734 51.0577535 133.699968 41% 14% 37%
Provincial Road 89.60626861 12.7910976 22.4754408 41.0989866 14% 25% 46%
TOTAL 450.5777824 160.089971 73.5331944 174.798955 36% 16% 39%
125
Province of Kalinga
Map 27
126
Province of Kalinga
IX. Income, Employment, Service Access and Figure 6.1.2 Employment Rate by Province, CAR: CY 2003
Poverty Figure
(Source: NSO) 7
97.5
Employed persons consist of persons in the
94.74 94.44
labor force that is reported either at work or with a 93.75
92.4 92.47
job or business although not at work. The labor force
89.8
or the economically active population refers to
population 15 years old and over who are either
employed or unemployed. Persons at work are those
who did some work, even for an hour during the
CAR Abra Apayao Benguet Ifugao Kalinga Mt.
reference period. Province
Unemployed persons on the other hand consist of all persons 15 years old and
over who did not work or had no job or business during the reference period and are
reportedly looking for work. Also included are persons who are not looking for work
because of the belief that no work is available or because of temporary illness, bad
weather or other reasons.
Figure 8
Based on available employment data with provincial breakdown from the NSO
in 2003, Kalinga’s employment rate of 94.44% is the Figure 6.6.3 Share of Provinces to Total Number of Persons in
3rd highest in CAR. It is noted however that high the Labor Force, CAR: 2003 (Source: NSO)
employment is mostly agriculture-base hence

seasonal in nature. 13.2 15.35 Abra
Apayao
In terms of labor force (population 15-65 years 11.88
6.6
Benguet
old), Kalinga shared 15.35% of the total labor force in
Ifugao
CAR and ranks 3rd place. The province of Benguet 12.54
Kalinga
got the highest share with 40.43% while the province 40.43 Mt. Province
of Apayao got the least share with 6.6 percent (Figure
10)
 Family Income
Based on the 2006 - 2009 Family Income and Expenditure Survey, the average
annual family income in Kalinga was Php126,761.00 and Php170,385.00 respectively
second to Benguet being the highest with Php 279,727.00 and Php303,525.00 although it
is lower than the regional average of Php148,786.33. and 172,911.33. During the same
year, the average family expenditure was Php101,691 and Php109,649 with the average
family savings was Php30,754.67 and Php32,208.33
Disasters and climate change have great impact on family income since it directly
affect economic activities especially that the province’s economy is generally
agriculture-base. When typhoons and heavy rains or draught occur as an effect of climate
change, these brings damages and destruction of palay, corn, banana and other crop
127
Province of Kalinga
production that will result to loss farmers’ income. Recently, the onslaught of Typhoon
Ineng and Lando brought an estimated lost in supposedly income of the farmers in the
total amount of Php152,345,246.84. This is being aggravated by the closure of the Upper
Chico Irrigation System (UCRIS) which was washed out by typhoon Lando.
Table 59
Average Annual Family Income and Expenditure
Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) by Province
2006 and 2009
2006 2009
Provinces
Income Expenditure Saving Income Expenditure Saving
CAR 892,718 708,190 184,528 1,037,468 844,218 193,250
Abra 112,344 99,168 13,176 133,688 111,176 22,512
Apayao 110,984 81,344 29,640 158,732 114,332 44,400
Benguet 279,727 213,878 65,849 303,525 235,220 68,305
Ifugao 126,621 101,378 25,243 149,062 123,221 25,841
Kalinga 126,761 110,731 16,030 170,385 150,620 19,765
Mountain Province 136,281 101,691 34,590 122,076 109,649 12,427
Source: PSA
Using mean per capita income as released by NSCB, Kalinga posted considerable
increases of income from CY 2000 to CY 2006. In 2006, Kalinga ranked 3rd highest
among the other provinces in CAR with a mean per capita income of P28,000 although it
is lower as compared with the regional and national level Php39,989 ad Php35,788
respectively. It is noted however that these increases in income did not necessarily reduce
the poverty incidence in the province.
Table 60
Mean Per Capita Income of CAR Provinces: CY 2000, 2003, 2006
Province Mean Per Capita Mean Per Capita Mean Per Capita
Income 2000 Income 2003 Income 2006
Philippines 30,767 35,788
CAR 31,260 39,989
Abra 22,311 24,444 23,775
Apayao 18,873 20,425 21,982
Benguet 36,045 43,381 57,503
Ifugao 15,648 24,979 27,714
Kalinga 18,822 19,416 28,000
Mt. Province 20,521 19,666 29,232
Source: NSCB
128
Province of Kalinga
X. Social Services
1. Health Facilities and Manpower

At present, the province has thirteen hospitals, 11, rural health units and 98
barangay health stations catering to the health needs of the province’s populace. Of the 11
hospitals six of which are government while five (5) are private hospitals/clinics which
are all located at the capital center of Tabuk City. These health facilities are indicated on
Map 25.
Of the six (6) government hospitals, five are considered under the primary level
and are found in Balbalan, Lubuagan, Pinukpuk, Rizal and the unfinished hospital in
Tanudan. The Kalinga Provincial Hospital, a secondary level (level2 ) is the core referral
hospital in the province.
The six government hospitals totaled to 235 and 85 for the seven private operated
hospitals or clinics. With an estimated population of 188,292 in 2009 the hospital bed to
population ratio is reflected at 1:801 or one bed for every 801 population which means
that the province is still within the standard ratio of one bed for every 1,000 population
but this does not mean however that hospital facilities are already enough to cater to all
the areas, In fact, Pasil and Tinglayan still avail hospital services outside or nearby
hospital facilities.
On the other hand, field health services or public health is being provided by the
eleven (11) rural health units, of which, 7 are accredited as Sentrong Sigla and barangay
health stations. Field health providers consist of 11 physicians, 22 nurses, 6 medical
technologists, 6 dentists with 2 dental aides, 15 sanitarians, 103 midwives and 920
barangay health workers. Map 61 shows the location of these facilities in the various
barangays.
Table No. 61
Number of Health Facilities, Kalinga by Municipality, 2015
Hospitals/ Medical Barangay Rural Health Centers
Province/Municipality Clinics Health Health accredited as
Public Private Total Stations Units Sentrong Sigla
Kalinga 6 5 11 98 11 9
Balbalan 1 - 1 13 1 1
Lubuagan 1 - 1 4 1 1
Pasil - - - 11 1 1
Pinukpuk 1 - 1 18 2 1
Rizal 1 - 1 10 1 1
Tabuk City 1 5 6 19 3 3
Tanudan 1 - 1 12 1 -
Tinglayan - - - 12 1 1
Source: Annual Reports of the Office on Health Services
129
Province of Kalinga
In times of disasters, health facilities plays a very important and crucial role . The
hospitals, rural health stations and barangay health stations have been used for emergency
hab for those who are victims and needing immediate medical assistance .The Kalinga
Provincial Hospital (KPH) serves as referral. Other facilities like ambulance were
utilized as rescue vehicles for victims.
Based on planning standard requirements on public health manpower, the

province has adequate public health workers except for barangay health workers (BHWs)
which showed a shortage of 867 using the ratio of one BHW for every 20 households.
However, the geographical terrain of the province that is generally mountainous caused
the scattered location of houses coupled with the poor roads condition make health
services still inadequate in these areas as public workers have wide area of coverage.
Table 62
Manpower in Rural Health Units, Kalinga by Municipality, 2014
Tabuk City
Tinglayan
Lubuagan
Pinukpuk
Balbalan
Tanudan
Kalinga
Province/
Municipality
Rizal
Pasil
Kalinga 1,384 123 73 102 242 150 404 84 206

Physician 11 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 1
Nurses 20 1 1 1 6 1 7 1 2
Midwives 135 14 5 12 23 8 42 19 12
Medical Technologist 8 1 0 1 2 0 3 0 1
Sanitary Inspector 11 1 1 1 3 0 3 1 1
Dentist 6 1 1 1 0 0 3 0 0
Dental Aide 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
Barangay Health Workers 1,191 105 64 85 206 140 340 62 189
Source: Office on Health Services, Bulanao, Tabuk, Kalinga
 Crude Birth and Crude Death Rates
The province had a total 3,113 registered births in 2016 or a crude birth rate
(CBR) of 24.47. Across municipalities, Tabuk having the largest population accounted
the highest in CBR with 36.21 per 1,000 population followed by Rizal with 17.68 and
Pinukpuk with 9.61. On the other hand, Pasil had the lowest CBR with only 5.17 per
1,000 population. Contributory factor to the increasing CBR is the decrease in
contraceptive prevalence rate as adverse effect of the total phase out of foreign donated
family planning supplies and the non-compliance of some local government units on the
Contraceptive Reliance Strategy.
130
Province of Kalinga
Crude death rate (CDR) stood at 3.36 per 1,000 population in 2016. This showed a
slight decrease compared to 2015 of 3.80. Lubuagan had the highest with a rate of 4.25
while Pasil had the lowest with only 1.86.
Of the 5,390 total births in 2016, 5.36 per cent were below the minimum birth
weight of 2,500 grams at birth. Underweight is higher among female infants registering
5.7 %.
Low birth weight is high at Rizal with 11.39% followed by Tabuk City with
11.43%. The municipalities of Balbalan, Pasil and Tinglayan had no low birth weight
among newborn.
Figure 9
Source: PHO Annual Reports
131
Province of Kalinga
Figure 10
Source: PHO Annual Reports
Table 63
Percent of Newborns with Low Birth Weight (<2500 grams), Kalinga by
Municipality, 2016
No. of Low Birth

No. of Births Percentage
Weight
Province/ Both Both Both
Municipality Sexes Male Female Sexes Male Female Sexes Male Female
KALINGA 5390 2789 2602 289 140 149 5.36 5.02 5.7
Balbalan 80 34 46 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lubuagan 79 49 30 1 1 0 1.26 2.04 0
Pasil 50 27 23 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pinukpuk 303 151 152 9 5 4 2.97 3.31 2.63
Rizal 306 152 154 35 18 17 11.43 11.84 11.04
Tabuk 2132 1068 1064 243 116 127 11.39 10.86 11.93
Tanudan 64 34 30 1 0 1 1.56 0 3.33
Tinglayan 99 50 49 0 0 0 0 0 0
Source: 2016 PHO Annual Report
As of 2016, infant deaths totaled to 49 reflecting therefore an infant mortality

rate(IMR) of 9.09 per 1,000 livebirths. These decreased by19% from 2014 of 11.32
132
Province of Kalinga
Among the municipalities, Pasil registered zero infant death while Tabuk City had the
highest number with 38, of which 14 occurred at the Kalinga Provincial Hospital.
There were only two(2) maternal death registered in 2016 manifesting a maternal
mortality rate of 37.11. Deaths incurred in the City of Tabuk.
On the other hand, under five deaths totaled to 54 in 2016 or a rate of 10.02 per
one thousand livebirths. This had decreased by 28 percent compared to 2014 data of
11.32. Only Pasil municipality had no deaths with ages below five years old.
133
Province of Kalinga
Map 28
134
Province of Kalinga
Table 64
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 LB), Province of Kalinga
By Municipality, 2014-2016
Infant Deaths
Province/ Number of Births
Municipality 2014 2015 2016
2014 2015 2016 Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate
6093 4432 5390
KALINGA 68 11.32 57 12.86 49 9.09
111 86 80
Balbalan 0 0 2 23.26 1 12.50
94 87 79
Lubuagan 0 0 0 0 2 25.32
93 49 50
Pasil 0 0 0 0 0 0
460 344 303
Pinukpuk 9 19.57 1 2.91 2 6.60
308 333 306
Rizal 4 12.99 0 0 1 3.27
Tabuk 4769 3309 2132 55 11.53 50 4.60 38 8.62
153 117 64
Tanudan 0 0 2 17.09 3 46.88
106 107 99
Tinglayan 1 9.52 2 18.69 2 20.20
Source: 2016 Annual Health Report, Tabuk, Kalinga
Table 65
Maternal Mortality Rates, Kalinga by Municipality, 2014-2016
No. of Births Maternal Deaths

Province/
2014 2015 2016
Municipality
2014 2015 2016 No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate
KALINGA 6093 4432 5390 2 32.82 2 45.13 2 37.11
Balbalan 111 86 80 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lubuagan 94 87 79 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pasil 93 49 50 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pinukpuk 460 344 303 1 217.39 0 0 0 0
Rizal 308 333 306 1 324.68 0 0 0 0
Tabuk 4769 3309 2132 0 0 2 60.98 2 45.36
Tanudan 153 117 64 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tinglayan 106 107 99 0 0 0 0 0 0
Source: PHO Annual Health Reports, Tabuk, Kalinga
135
Province of Kalinga
Table 66
Under Five Mortality Rates, Kalinga by Municipality, 2014-2016
No. of Births Under Five Deaths

Province/
2014 2015 2015
Municipality
2014 2015 2016 No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate
KALINGA 6093 4432 5390 85 13.97 73 16.47 54 10.02
Balbalan 111 86 80 0 0 2 23.26 1 12.50
Lubuagan 94 87 79 1 10.64 1 11.49 2 25.32
Pasil 93 49 50 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pinukpuk 460 344 303 11 23.91 2 5.81 2 6.60
Rizal 308 333 306 5 16.23 1 3.00 5 16.34
Tabuk 4769 3309 2132 65 13.63 62 11.95 38 8.62
Tanudan 153 117 64 0 0 2 17.09 3 46.88
Tinglayan 106 107 99 3 28.57 3 28.04 4 40.40
Table 67
Leading Causes of Under Five Deaths (Rate per 100,000 LB)
Province of Kalinga, 2014-2016
2014 2015 2016
Causes
No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate
Pneumonia 12 2.66 12 2.47 5 1.11
Prematurity 7 1.55 3 0.62 4 0.89
Congestive heart Disease 6 1.33 4 0.89
Congenstive Anomaly 4 0.89
Dengue 3 0.67
SIDS 3 0.67 5 1.03 1 0.22
Meninggitis 1 0.22
AGE/Diarrhea 1 0.22 1 0.22
Accidents, all forms 1 0.22 2 0.41 2 0.44
Septicimia 1 0.22
Sepsis 6 1.24 1 0.22
Cardiovascular Vascular Disease 14 2.89
Congenital Intestinal Obstruction 1 0.21
Hypoxic Encephalopathy 2 0.41
Congenital Hydrocephaly 2 0.41% 2 0.44%
Renal Failure 1 0.22%
Malnutrition 2 0.44%
Respiratory Distress Syndrome 1 0.22% 1 0.22%
Severe dehydration 1 0.21%
Fetal Distress 2 0.41%
136
Province of Kalinga
Aplastic Anemia 1 0.21%

Billiary Atresia 1 0.22%
Drowning 1 0.21%
Undetermined 8 1.65%
Office on Health Services, Bulanao, Tabuk, Kalinga
 Morbidity and Mortality

Acute Upper Respiratory Infection (AURI) remained as the number one cause of
illnesses affecting 35,180 in 2016 or a rate of 162.02 a slight decrease from 2015 data of
163.26. The decrease could have been brought by the improved diagnosis by field health
service providers due to related trainings on respiratory management.
Diarrhea and gastroenteritis that are water and poor environmental related diseases
also remained among the top ten leading causes of diseases.
Table 68
Leading Causes of Illnesses, Klainga,2014-2016
2014 2015 2016
Causes
Acute Upper Resperatory Infection
27046 126.34 35454 163.28 35180 162.02
(AURI)
Hypertension 4347 20.31 5335 24.57 3956 18.22
Acute Febrile Illness/Fever 4137 19.33 4810 22.15 2004 9.23
Arthritis 3507 16.38 2482 11.43 1899 8.75
Acute Bronchitis` 2661 12.43 2209 10.17 1671 7.70
Anemia 2093 9.78 1977 9.10 1636 7.53
Pneumonia 1806 8.44 1945 8.96 1558 7.18
Diarrhea, Acute watery 1668 7.79 1600 7.37 1552 7.15
Acute Gastroenteristis (AGE) 1595 7.45 1570 7.23 1083 4.99
Allergy/Hypersensitivity 1318 6.16 1534 7.06 1057 4.87
Impetigo 1254 5.86 1449 6.67 925 4.26
Trauma 1244 5.81 1448 6.67 796 3.67
Headache 1210 5.65 1181 5.44 787 3.62
Gastritis 1204 5.62 1094 5.04 684 3.15
Hypoglecemia 1093 5.03 663 3.05
On the other hand, cardiovascular diseases,cancer and pneumonia occupied the

top three among the leading causes of deaths in 2016.
137
Province of Kalinga
Table 69
Leading Causes of Deaths, Kalinga, 2014-2016
2014 2015 2016

Causes
Cardiovascular Diseases 124 57.93 91 41.91 110 49.94
Cancer (all forms) 115 53.72 88 40.53 68 30.87
Pneumonia 75 35.04 88 40.53 53 24.06
End Stage of Renal Disease 38 17.75 48 22.11 31 14.07
Senility 35 16.35 45 20.72 27 12.26
Hypertension 21 9.81 41 18.88 22 9.99
Diabetes Mellitus 18 8.41 23 10.59 21 9.53
Traumatic Brain Injury 17 7.94 17 7.83 18 8.17
Acute Myocardial Infarction 13 6.07 16 7.37 17 7.72
Cerebro Vascular Accident 10 4.67 14 6.45 17 7.72
Gunshot wound 1 5.07 17 7.72
Tuberculosis 1 5.07 15 6.81
Source: Office on Health Services, Bulanao, Tabuk, Kalinga
 Proportion of children 0-6 years old who are moderately and severely
underweight
Based on the 2008 National Nutrition Survey conducted by the Food and Nutrition
Research Institute and the Department of Science and Technology, Kalinga ranked
second on underweight children with ages ranging from 0-10 years old, thin children (0-5
years old) and under height adolescents (11-19 years old), third in under height (0-5 years
old) and chronic energy deficient among adults, and fourth in overweight and obese
adults (20 years old) in the Cordillera provinces.
The 2009 Operation Timbang results man ifested a decrease of 12.15% from
9.54 of 2008 to 8.38 on combined very low and low below normal weight preschool
children. The improvement was brought by the rationing of rice to day care children in all
day care centers in the province. Tinglayan maintained the last seat in terms of ranking.
Lubuagan, Rizal and Pinukpuk occupied the top 3 occupying first, second and third in that
order on malnourished preschoolers
138
Province of Kalinga
Table 70
Prevalence of Malnutrion among 0-17 months Children,by Province,
Cordillera Administrative Region, 2016
Rate
Mt. Baguio Tabuk
Particulars / CAR Abra Apayao Benguet Ifugao Kalinga
Prov. City City
Rank
Rate 3.71 8.64 6.52 1.53 1.82 5.61 4.22 1.15 6.65
Underweight Rank 1 3 7 6 4 5 8 2
Rate 2.51 5.72 5.19 0.73 1.67 3.65 2.09 1.53 4.39
Wasting Rank 1 2 8 6 4 5 7 3
Rate 12.66 16.88 22.16 8.99 13.44 18.79 20.01 4.71 16.34
Stunting Rank
Rate 0.78 1.34 2.33 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.77 0.39 1.16
Overweght Rank
Source: NNC-CAR
On the other hand, nutritional status among school children improved from
10.95% compared the 16.07% in 2006 to 10.95% in 2008 is found to be below normal
weight.
Pinukpuk District remained as the number one in terms of malnourished school
children with a rate of 22.64 or 1,171 individuals. The improvement is due the school
feeding program for all Grades I pupils.
 Proportion of Fully Immunized Children
Fully immunized children stood at 78.88% in 2016. Tabuk City and Rizal had the
highest with 84.86% and 78.52% respectively. Pasil had the lowest with 52.89 percent.
Table 71
Proportion of Fully Immunized Children, Kalinga by Municipality, 2016
Percentage of Fully Immunized

Province/
Eligible Population Fully Immunized Children Children
Municipality
2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016
KALINGA 5780 5863 5947 4587 4712 4691 79.36 80.37 78.88
Balbalan 325 325 322 193 195 217 59.38 60.03 66.90
Lubuagan 246 244 242 199 175 183 80.89 71.84 75.73
Pasil 261 261 261 157 163 138 60.15 62.47 52.89
Pinukpuk 835 843 851 637 621 640 76.29 73.64 75.16
Rizal 456 461 467 389 363 367 85.31 78.66 78.52
Tabuk 3126 3206 3288 2589 2792 2790 82.82 87.08 84.86
Tanudan 211 207 203 189 184 128 89.57 88.91 63.18
Tinglayan 320 315 311 236 219 228 73.75 69.47 73.40
139
Province of Kalinga
 Health Sector
For this sector, the assessment was focussed on the susceptibility of water and
vector borne diseases to climate change impact and environmental conditions in the
communities. Thus, the level of vulnerabilty index differ in every municipality
depending on the level of sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity of the communities
to these climate change related diseases. As such, it was noted that areas with high
percentage of households without access to potable water and sanitation facilities are
highly susceptible to water-borne diseases such as cholera, acute gastroentiritis, typhoid
and diarrhea.
Based on the records of the Office on Health Services, 84.78% of the households
in the province have no access to safe water especially in Balbalan, Lubuagan, Pinukpuk
and Tanudan. Meanwhile 37.05% of the total households have no access to sanitation
facilities mostly from Tanudan (42%), Lubuagan (46%) and Pinukpuk41%). Although
there were incidence of water and vector borne diseases in the various municipalities,
these are considered minimal and as per available records, water and vector borne
diseases are not included among the ten leading causes of morbidity and mortality. This
can be attributed to the continuous advocacy and interventions implemented by the
health services sector.
Gleaned from the GIS generated map and table, the municiality of Lubuagan,
Tinglayan, Tanudan & Tabuk City are highly vulnenrable to water and vector borne
diseases. On the other hand, Pasil, Balbalan, Pinukpuk & Rizal are moderately
vulnerable.
Table 72
Health Sector Vulnerability Assesment (Water and Vector Borne Diseases)
Adaptive
Sensitivity Exposure Vul Index
Municipalities Capacity Haz Code
Value
HSSH_SWR HSEH_SWR HSAC_WR
City Of Tabuk 0.58200 0.79300 0.54800 0.63170 High
Lubuagan 0.43900 0.77500 0.63600 0.61860 High
Pasil 0.44400 0.68000 0.63300 0.59040 Modrate
Tanudan 0.42900 0.64400 0.74900 0.62150 High
Tinglayan 0.44400 0.79100 0.70800 0.65370 High
Low Low Moderate
140
Province of Kalinga
Map 29
141
Province of Kalinga
2. Education
Preschool services is being catered by 315 institutions, of which, 238 are day care
centers, 77 schools of which are either established through the Social Reform Agenda,
Parents-Teachers Association, Service Contracting Scheme and Local Government Units
and 14 are privately operated ones
Two hundred sixty five (265) schools cater formal education in the province, 235
elementary, 47 high schools and six colleges. Tertiary education is only provided in the
municipality of Rizal (1) and Tabuk (5).
During incidence of disasters, these school buildings are being utilized as

evacuation centers for affected populace. In particular, the People’s Gymnasium in
Dagupan Centro of Tabuk City, Tabuk City National High School, Tabuk City Central
School, and other elementary schools were used by the evacuees of Sucbot, Pinukpuk,
Cabaruan, Laya West, Balong, Dagupan Weste, Magsaysay and nearby barangays who
wre affected by flooding due to the swelling of run-off waters from the Chico River.
Record from the Department of Education revealed that during the onslaught of
typhoon Ineng and Lando, the total damaged school buildings and other facilities was
estimated to Php8,450,798.94.
Table 74
Province of Kalinga by Municipality, SY 2014-215
Total Number of
Total Number of Total Number of Teacher-
Municipality Day Care
Day Care Workers Children Served Pupil Ratio
Centers
KALINGA 298 303 7,168 1:24
Balbalan 29 29 504 1:16
Lubuagan 19 19 452 1:24
Pasil 23 23 389 1:17
Pinukpuk 46 46 1,669 1:36
Rizal 17 17 530 1:31
Tabuk 114 117 2,777 1:24
Tanudan 26 26 323 1:13
Tinglayan 24 24 524 1:22
Source: Provincial Social Welfare & Development Office, Kalinga
Legend: SRA/PTCA – Social Reform Agenda (DepEd) & Parents Teachers Association
SCS – Service Contracting Scheme (Region)
LGU - Local Government Unit
DCC – Day Care Center HY NHB G X11
142
Province of Kalinga
Table 75
Number of Schools by Level of Education by Sector
by Municipality, SY 2015-2016
Secondary
Total Elementary Tertiary
Province/ General Vocational Total
Municipality
Pub
Pub
Pub
Pub
Pub
Pub
Tot.
Tot.
Tot.
Tot
Pri
Pri
Pri
Pri
Pri
Pri
Kalinga 293 27 318 245 12 257 44 13 4 0 53 11 54 1 5 6
Balbalan 32 2 34 29 0 29 2 2 1 0 3 2 5 0 0 0
Lubuagan 16 2 18 15 0 15 1 2 0 0 1 2 3 0 0 0
Pasil 22 0 22 19 0 19 3 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0
Pinukpuk 46 1 47 36 0 36 9 1 1 0 10 1 11 0 0 0
N. Pin 20 1 21 16 0 16 4 1 0 0 6 0 6 0 0 0
S. Pin 26 0 26 20 0 20 5 0 1 0 4 1 5 0 0 0
Rizal 21 1 22 17 0 17 3 1 0 0 5 1 4 0 1 1
Tabuk 102 20 122 85 12 97 16 5 1 0 22 4 18 1 4 5
ETD 23 3 26 3
NTD 16 5 21 2
STD 20 4 24 5
WTD 26 0 26 6
Tanudan 27 0 27 22 0 6 1 1 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
L. Tan 13 0 13 11 0 11 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 0
U.Tan 14 0 14 11 0 11 4 1 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0
Tinglayan 27 1 26 22 0 22 4 1 0 0 4 1 5 0 0 0
Source: Kalinga Schools Division Office & Tabuk City Schools Division DepEd, Bulanao, Tabuk, Kalinga
143
Province of Kalinga
Map 30
144
Province of Kalinga
2
Map 2
 Literacy Rates
The 2000 census defines simple literacy as the ability to read and write a simple
message in any language or dialect. Given this definition, the province has recorded a
literacy rate of 87.69 percent out of the total household population of 172,187 with ages
10 years old and over. This is lower than the national and CAR figures of 93.4 and 90.51
respectively. This rate was higher by 1.39 as compared to the 1990 data which is 86.3
percent. Among provinces and city in the cordillera region, the province ranks fourth in
terms of literacy rates among 10 years old and over.
The proportion of literates was higher for males (88.41) than for females (86.92
percent). By age group, the highest proportion of literate was recorded at the age group
15-19 years with 95.15 percent and the lowest rate was noted at the age group 70 and
over with 58.29 percent.
Table 76
Simple Literacy Rate of Population 10 Years Old and Over, Kalinga
By Sex, 1980, 1990 & 2000
Sex 1980 1990 2000
Both Sexes 74.6 86.2 87.69
Male 77.3 88.3 88.41
Female 71.7 84.1 86.92
Source: National Statistics Office
Table 77
Comparative Literacy Rate of Population 10 Years Old and Over, CAR
by Province, 2000
Area Total Literate Illiterate Literacy Rate Rank
Philippines 93.4
CAR 1,020,455 923,623 96,832 90.51
Abra 161,337 150,872 10,465 93.51 2
Apayao 71,491 62,656 8,835 87.64 5
Baguio 193,005 189,663 3,242 98.26 1
Benguet 246,411 224,594 21,817 91.14 3
Ifugao 117,528 94,970 22,558 80.80 7
Kalinga 126,160 110,624 15,536 87.69 4
Mt. Province 104,523 90,244 14,279 86.34 6
Source: National Statistics Office
145
Province of Kalinga
Table 78
Literacy Rate of Household Population 10 years Old and Above
By Age Group and By Sex, Kalinga, 2000 ( For updating)
Age Group HH Population Literacy Rate
10 Years Old and Over Male Female Both Sexes
10 – 14 23,396 88.63 89.22 88.92
15 – 19 18,946 93.05 97.33 95.15
20 – 24 15,743 92.91 94.48 93.68
25 – 29 13,043 92.31 93.21 92.75
30 – 34 11,410 90.35 90.59 90.46
35 -39 10,024 88.89 88.71 88.81
40 – 44 8,610 88.66 85.32 86.99
45 – 49 6,496 85.05 80.18 82.75
50 – 54 5,292 84.04 75.28 79.71
55 – 59 4,213 80.95 64.76 73.01
60 – 64 3,681 77.98 59.91 68.92
65 – 69 2,605 76.72 58.76 67.79
70 & Over 3,728 60.61 56.05 58.29
Kalinga 127,187 88.41 86.92 87.69
Source: NSO- 2000
Among the municipalities, the highest literacy rate was recorded in Rizal with
92.76 percent, followed by Tabuk with 90.80 percent and the lowest rate was recorded in
Tinglayan with 72.26 percent. It is observed that the absence of schools especially in
remote areas and poverty are some contributory factors to the low literacy rate in the
upper municipalities.
Table 79
Literacy Rate of Household Population 10 Years Old and Over
By Municipality, By Sex, Kalinga, 2000
HH Population 10 yrs Old &
Number of Literate Literacy Rate (%)
Province/ Over
Municipality Both Both
Male Female Both Sexes Male Female Male Female
Sexes Sexes
Kalinga 126,160 64,539 61,621 110,624 57,061 53,563 87.69 88.41 86.92
Balbalan 8,943 4,710 4,233 8,072 4,203 3,869 90.26 89.23 91.40
Lubuagan 7,229 3,787 3,442 5,663 3,068 2,595 78.33 81.01 75.39
Pasil 7,011 3,577 3,434 6,281 3,215 3,066 89.58 89.87 89.28
Pinukpuk 18,800 9,713 9,087 16,156 8,278 7,878 85.93 85.22 86.69
Rizal 10,134 5,223 4,911 9,401 4,864 4,537 92.76 93.12 92.38
Tabuk 56,483 28,667 27,816 51,289 26,152 25,137 90.80 91.22 90.36
Tanudan 7,403 3,786 3,617 6,117 3,252 2,865 82.62 85.89 79.20
Tinglayan 10,157 5,076 5,081 7,645 4,029 3,616 72.26 79.37 71.16
NSO-2000
146
Province of Kalinga
 Education Performance Indicators
As of SY 2007-2008, Kalinga has a higher elementary participation rate with

74.96 compared to the regional data of 71.20 and second to Apayao having the highest
with 80.06%. However in secondary level only more than 2/5(40.36%) of the school
going age population enrolled and is next to Baguio with 52.78% but higher than the
regional data of 38.38%.
In terms of cohort survival rates (CSR), Kalinga is fourth with 75.95 with Abra as
the highest in CAR in the elementary level. It is sad to note that Kalinga is second to the
last seat in CAR on secondary survival rate with only 68.13 and even lower in the
regional average of 68.53.
Though dropout rate is low in the elementary level at 0.32, the data in high
schools is high at 5.5, next to Apayao with 6.16 but higher than the regional figure of
5.05.
Table 80
Performance Indicators in Government Elementary and Secondary Schools,
CAR, by Province/City, SY 2007-2008
Province
Benguet
Kalinga
Apayao
Baguio
Ifugao
Indicators
Abra
CAR
Mt.
ELEMENTARY
Participation Rate 71.20 74.41 80.06 67.93 66.43 71.48 74.96 71.70
Retention Rate 92.98 85.46 93.04 96.97 93.76 89.25 90.59 91.09
Cohort Survival 77.19 88.85 82.57 70.67 76.58 71.55 75.95 77.07
Rate
Completion Rate 62.23 80.05 67.52 56.48 62.19 53.57 59.24 62.05
Drop-out Rate 0.52 0.13 0.62 1.20 0.14 1.38 0.35 0.06
Transition Rate 96.28 96.31 99.52 99.49 97.66 90.45 95.37 95.59
SECONDARY
Participation Rate 38.38 36.45 33.40 52.78 31.92 31.99 40.36 41.62
Retention Rate 86.37 91.36 89.70 84.42 87.14 82.51 87.56 84.19
Cohort Survival 68.53 81.82 71.81 61.68 69.68 70.16 68.13 63.13
Rate
Completion Rate 54.07 72.54 60.55 46.99 54.41 52.25 54.05 48.7
Drop-out Rate 5.05 4.72 6.16 5.21 4.70 5.14 5.51 4.49
Transition Rate 84.48 70.47 86.90 117.8 75.92 72.83 85.68 89.28
2
Source: 2009 Regional Social & Economic Trends, CAR
147
Province of Kalinga
 Classroom-pupil ratio and teacher-pupil/student Ratio
Generally, basing on the national standard ratio of one teacher and class for every
forty pupils in elementary, Kalinga has the ideal at 1:41. Contributory factor to the ideal
rates is the opening of schools even in areas with few enrollees as houses are widely
scattered due to geographical terrain of the area that is generally mountainous in order to
provide basic education in these areas.
Table 81
Enrollment, Teacher-student and Classroom Ratio in Public and Private
Secondary School, Province of Kalinga,By Municipality, SY 2013 – 2014
Teacher- Classroom-
Number of Number of
Provinc Enrolment Student Studentl
Teachers Classroom
e/ Ratio Ratio
Munici
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Public
Public
pality
Public
Public
Public
Total
Total
KALIN
13,236 4,560 17,796 576 160 736 1:23 1:29 324 1:41
GA
Balbalan 676 358 1,034 31 15 46 1:22 1:23 15 1:45
Lubuaga 186 492 678 9 18 27 1:21 1:27 5 1:37
n
Pasil 511 0 511 22 0 22 1:23 0.00 14 1:37
Pinukpuk 1,965 581 2,546 105 20 125 1:19 1:29 49 1:40
Rizal 1,267 233 1,500 55 9 64 1:23 1:26 41 1:31
Tabuk 7,270 2,54 9,817 270 87 357 1:28 1:29 154 1:47
Tanudan 700 70 700 50 0 50.0 1:14 0.00 21 1:33
Tinglaya 661 349 1010 34 11 450 1:19 1:32 25 1:26
n
Source: Source: DepED, Kalinga Division
From the 5,678 pupils who enrolled Grade I in 2008-2009, 4,700 reached Grade
VI in 2013-2014 reflecting a cohort survival rate of 82.78%. It is observed that there are
more female students who finished high school as reflected in the rating of 88.54%
compared to male with 77.87% cohort survival. As shown in the following table, the
municipality of Tinglayan has the highest cohort survival rate with 119.10%, followed by
Balbalan with 118.18% while Pinukpuk has the lowest cohort survival with 75.06%.
148
Province of Kalinga
Table 82
Cohort Survival Rate in Public Elementary, Province of Kalinga
by Sex, By Municipality, SY 2013-2014
BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE
Province/ Grade VI Grade I Grade VI Grade I Grade VI Grade I
Municipali Enrollment Enrollment Survival Enrollment Enrollment Survival Enrollment Enrollment Survival
ty SY SY Rate SY SY Rate SY SY Rate
2013-2014 2008-2009 2013-2014 2013-2014 2013-2014 2013-2014
KALINGA 4,700 5,678 82.78% 2,389 3,068 77.87% 2,311 2,610 88.54%
Balbalan 302 291 103.78% 159 170 93.53% 143 121 118.18%
Lubuagan 203 216 93.98% 103 112 91.96% 100 104 96.15%
Pasil 234 250 93.60% 123 129 95.35% 111 121 91.74%
Pinukpuk 729 934 78.05% 398 493 80.73% 331 441 75.06%
Rizal 332 491 67.62% 157 258 60.85% 175 233 75.11%
Tabuk City 2193 2748 79.80% 1077 1487 72.43% 1116 1261 88.50%
Tanudan 271 306 88.56% 148 155 95.48% 123 151 81.46%
Tinglayan 436 442 98.64% 224 264 84.85% 212 178 119.10%
Source:DepEd, Kalinga Division
Out of the 3,601 first year students in the public school in SY 2010-2011, 2,939
reached fourth year in SY 2013-2014 indicating a cohort survival rate of 81.62%. This
showed a significant improvement of4.86% as compared to the 2006 rate of 72.53%
which can be attributed to the free tuition fee for secondary education.
Table 83
Cohort Survival Rate in Public Secondary Schools, Province of Kalinga
by Sex, by Municipality, SY 2013-2014
Both Sexes Male Female
Province/ First Yr. First Yr. First Yr.
Fourth Yr. Fourth Yr. Fourth Yr.
Enrollment Enrollme Enrollme
Municipal Enrollment Survival Enrollment Survival Enrollment Survival
SY. 2010- nt SY. nt SY.
ity SY. 2013-
2011
Rate SY. 2013-
2010-2011
Rate SY. 2013-
2010-2011
Rate
2014 2014 2014
Kalinga 2,939 3,601 81.62% 1,379 1,867 73.86% 1,560 1,734 89.97%
Balbalan 156 171 91.23% 85 95 89.47% 71 76 93.42%
Lubuagan 40 58 68.97% 20 29 68.97% 20 29 68.97%
Pasil 112 145 77.24% 52 72 72.22% 60 73 82.19%
Pinukpuk 402 528 76.14% 181 278 65.11% 221 250 88.40%
Rizal 312 354 88.14% 148 187 79.14% 164 167 98.20%
Tabuk 1,629 1,933 84.27% 755 983 76.81% 874 950 92.00%
Tanudan 153 219 69.86% 80 120 66.67% 73 99 73.74%
Tinglayan 135 193 69.95% 58 103 56.31% 77 90 85.56%
Source: Source: DepED, Kalinga Division
149
Province of Kalinga
3. Housing
 Housing by Type of Building & Construction Materials
Almost 98.28% of the residential buildings in Kalinga are single house and the
rest are duplex (378), multi-unit residential (187) and commercial buildings (121). By
type of
construction materials of the outer walls. Table 64 shows that 14,656 (37.78%) houses are
made of concrete, brick/stone, 10,453 (25.51%) wood, 6,895 (16.83%)
bamboo/sawali/cogon/nipa, and 6,539 (15.96%) half concrete/half wood. For the roofing
materials, most of the houses in the province have galvanized/aluminum roofings
although there are some houses especially in remote barangays which made of cogon,
nipa or anahaw that are readily available in the locality.
 Occupied Housing Unit by Type of Tenure Status

In terms of tenure status, 90.15 % of the total households owned their housing
units, 6.66% are occupying houses rent-free with consent of owner and only 2.82% or
782 households are renting. It is noted that rented housing uints are located in urban
centers and these are mostly occupied by workers and students who comes from other
municipalities or provinces .
 Distribution of occupied housing units by construction materials and conditions

of the buildings
On the other hand, almost ¾ (74.82%) of the occupied housing units were made of
strong materials, a little bit lower than the CAR data of 75.73%. As to the construction
materials, 14.84% had roofs made of cogon/nip/anahaw and walls made of bamboo/
sawali/cogon or nipa while 4.32% used galvanized iron and or aluminum for both walls
and roofs.
About 18.61% of the total occupied housing units need major repair aside from
the one hundred sixty six or 0.55 percent that are no longer safe to be occupied as these
are either dilapidated and or condemned.
If the annual average growth of 0.635 continues in the years to come, the province
will need additional housing units of 10,730 in 2016.
150
Province of Kalinga
Table 84
Concrete, Half Galvanized Bamboo/ Makeshift/
Type of Building/ Asbes
Total Brick/ Wood Concrete/ Iron/ Sawali/ Glass Salvaged/ Oth
House tos
stone Half wood Aluminum Cogon/Nipa Improvised
KALINGA 40,970 14,656 10,453 6,539 2,019 6,895 11 1 211
Single House 40,265 14,189 10,408 6,408 1,988 6,894 11 1 211
Duplex 378 25 0 22 72 19 0 0 0 0
Multi-unit Residential 187 116 17 44 7 0 0 0 0
Commercial/Industrial/ Agricultural 121 95 6 15 4 1 0 0 0
Institutional Living Quarter 7 6 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Other Housing Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Type of Building/House, Province of Kalinga, By Construction Materials of the Outer Walls
Table 85
Type of Building/House, Province of Kalinga, By Construction Materials of the Roof
Construction Materials of the Roof

Type of Building/House
Total Galvanized Iron/ Tile Concrete/ Half Galvanized Wood Cogon/Nipa/
Aluminum Clay Tile Iron and Half Anahaw
KALINGA 40,970 35,141 752 Concrete 690 874 3,284
Single House 40,265 34,499 712 681 873 3,271
Duplex 378 358 14 6 0 0
Multi-unit Residential 187 173 14 0 0 0
Commercial/Industrial/ Agricultural 121 104 12 3 1 1
Institutional Living Quarter 7 7 0 0 0 0
Other Housing Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0
Not Reported 12 0 0 0 0 12
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
151
Province of Kalinga
Table 86
Households in Occupied Housing Units, Province of Kalinga
By Tenure Status of the Housing Unit, By Municipality: 2010
Tenure Status of the Housing Unit
Total Rent-free
City/ Rent-free with
Number of without Not
Municipality Owned/being Rented consent of
Households consent of Applicable
amortized owner
owner
KALINGA 38,642 34,836 782 2,574 242 207
Balbalan 2,137 2,014 52 65 5 -
Lubuagan 1,823 1,641 - 167 10 5
Pasil 1,683 1,589 4 85 4 -
Pinukpuk 5,512 5,202 15 220 35 40
Rizal 3,433 3,251 15 128 15 25
Tabuk City 20,335 17,678 687 1,743 132 94
Tanudan 1,414 1,301 5 92 17 -
Tinglayan 2,305 2,160 5 73 24 43
(Figures are based on 20-percent sample households. Details may not add up to total due to rounding off.)
Source: National Statistics Office, 2010 Census of Population and Housing
 Households by type of Fuel for Lighting & Cooking

Based on the latest NSO survey, majority of the households (73.88%) are using
electricity for lighting, 23.83% or 9,209 households use kerosene and the remaining
2.22% use LPG and other local resources like wood and bamboo. It is noted that most
households in remote barangays are not yet reached by electricity thus they still depend
on alternate fuel for lighting purposes.
On the other hand, most households (73.03%) use wood for cooking followed by
LPG (23.91%) and kerosene (1.40%). Other households use electricity and charcoal or a
combination of 2 or more kind of fuel.
152
Province of Kalinga
Table 87
Households, Province of Kalinga
By Kind of Fuel for Lighting by City/Municipality, 2010
Fuel for Lighting
Total Number
City/ Liquified Oil (vegetable
of Kerosene
Municipality Electricity Petroleum animal and Others None
Households (gaas)
Gas (LPG) others)
KALINGA 38,642 28,552 9,209 126 86 644 26
Balbalan 2,137 874 1,103 - - 160 -
Lubuagan 1,823 1,085 696 36 - 5 -
Pasil 1,683 524 1,091 5 - 58 5
Pinukpuk 5,512 2,783 2,430 14 65 209 11
Rizal 3,433 3,008 420 5 - - -
Tabuk City 20,335 17,927 2,299 60 5 39 5
Tanudan 1,414 484 752 5 - 167 6
Tinglayan 2,305 1,866 418 - 15 5 -
Table 88
Households, Province of Kalinga,
By Kind of Fuel for Cooking and City/Municipality, 2010
Fuel for Cooking
Total
City/ Liquified
Number of Kerosene
Municipality Electricity Petroleum Charcoal Wood Others
Households (gaas)
Gas (LPG)
KALINGA 38,642 367 539 9,240 242 28,220 34
Balbalan 2,137 6 42 163 63 1,859 5
Lubuagan 1,823 20 35 330 - 1,438 -
Pasil 1,683 5 11 41 - 1,627 -
Pinukpuk 5,512 25 119 121 10 5,233 5
Rizal 3,433 28 20 526 5 2,854 -
Tabuk City 20,335 268 271 7,650 164 11,956 25
Tanudan 1,414 - 15 37 - 1,362 -
Tinglayan 2,305 16 26 373 - 1,891 -
153
Province of Kalinga
As per PSA record, 76.91% of the houses in the province were made of half
concrete/half wood with galvanized/aluminum roofing materials, bamboo/sawali/
cogon/nipa, most especially in the remote barangays. Furthermore, some houses needs
repair due to delapidition. Considering this situation, it is expected that these houses are
at high risk when disasters come.
4. Public Order and Safety
a. Peace and Order
 Crime Rate by Type
As of 2016, the province exhibits a total of 1,727 crimes. Of the total, 37.17
percent or 642 are categorized as index crimes while 62.83 % are non-index crimes.
Across municipality, Tabuk City being the most populated town in the province
recorded the highest volume of crimes accounting 77.7%. As to crime classification,
index crime is highest in the Tabuk City sharing 83.02% followed by Rizal with 40 while
Tinglayan recorded only three (3). In like manner Tabuk City ranked first in terms of
non-index crimes statistics with 881 or 81.19% followed by Rizal with 98 and Balbalan
has the lowest with 5 cases.
Of the 1,727 total crimes committed during the year, only 1,192 were solved
reflecting a crime solution efficiency rate of 69.02 while more than ¾ were cleared with a
clearance rate of 75.97.
The province has a total police force of 528 protecting a total populace of 212,680
reflecting a police to population ratio of 1:402 and is lower than the national standard
ratio of one police for every 500 population.
On the other hand, 13 outposts are strategically established manifesting a ratio of

one outpost for every 16,360 populace.
154
Province of Kalinga
Table 89
Incidence of Crime And Non-Index Crimes, Kalinga by Municipality, 2016
Province/ Index Crimes Non-Index Crimes Total

Municipality No. % No. % No. %
KALINGA 642 100 1085 100 1727 100.00
Balbalan 13 2.02 5 0.46 18 1.04
Lubuagan 6 0.93 14 1.29 20 1.16
Pasil 9 1.40 12 1.11 21 1.22
Pinukpuk 29 4.52 48 4.42 77 4.46
Rizal 40 6.23 98 9.03 138 7.99
Tabuk 533 83.02 881 81.20 1,414 81.88
Tanudan 9 1.40 20 1.84 29 1.68
Tinglayan 3 0.47 7 0.65 10 0.58
Crimes Solved 1,192 69.02

Crimes Cleared 1,312 75.97
Source: PNP, Kalinga Provincial Office
Table 90
Incidence of Index Crimes, Kalinga by Municipality, 2016
VEHICULAR
AGAINST PERSONS AGAINST PROPERTY TRAFFIC
CRIME CLEARED ACCIDENTS
INDEX CRIMES
PROVINCE/
CARNA-PING
MUNICIPALITY
HOMICIDE
HOMICIDE
INJURIES
MURDER
PYSICAL
CATTLE
CRIMES
TOTAL
TOTAL
THEFT
INDEX
INDEX
TOTAL
SOLVED
RAPE
ROB
Balbalan 0 0 9 2 11 1 0 1 0 2 13 9 8 0
Lubuagan 1 0 4 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 6 1 1 0
Pasil 0 0 4 1 5 1 3 0 0 4 9 3 3 0
Pinukpuk 3 1 9 3 16 4 7 0 2 13 29 22 18 1
Rizal 2 0 23 1 26 4 8 1 1 14 40 32 26 5
Tabuk City 8 0 198 23 229 63 185 55 1 304 533 370 327 10
Tanudan 0 0 1 1 2 3 3 0 1 7 9 5 4 0
Tinglayan 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 3 2 1 0
KALINGA 15 1 249 31 296 76 208 57 5 346 642 444 388 16
Source: PNP
155
Province of Kalinga
Table 91
Incidence of Non-Index Crimes, Kalinga by Municipality, 2016
Violence to Other Total Total
Province/ Physical Damage to
Homicide Special Non- Non- Non-Index
Municipality Injuries Property
Laws Index Index Cleared
Balbalan 0 1 1 1 2 5 3
Lubuagan 0 2 4 0 8 14 11
Pasil 0 3 3 1 5 12 13
Rizal 1 19 6 7 15 48 32
Pinukpuk 5 28 20 13 32 98 77
Tabuk City 10 247 190 112 322 881 707
Tanudan 0 6 0 6 8 20 18
Tinglayan 0 1 0 0 6 7 7
Total 16 307 224 140 398 1085 868
Source: PNP
b. Police force
In 2016, the province has a total police force of 528. This police force is deployed
in the various municipalities, provincial head quarter and provincial mobile group. With
the standard police to population ratio of 1:1,000, the existing ratio of 1:402 implies that
the current police force is just enough to serve the total populace.
Among the 8 municipalities Tabuk being the capital town with 42 barangays
shared the most number of police with 104 policemen with a ratio of 1:1,063 while
Lubuagan has the lowest ratio of 1:301. It should be noted however that rugged terrain
and inaccessibility of some barangays coupled with the inadequacy of mobility and
communication facilities hinders the immediate response of the police if ever there
services is needed.
156
Province of Kalinga
Table 92
Number of Police Force by Municipality
Province of Kalinga, 2016
Municipality No. of % Distribution 2015 Police to Non-uniform

Policemen Population Population Ratio Police
Balbalan 26 4.92 12,195 1:469 4
Lubuagan 29 5.49 8,733 1:301 4
Pasil 27 5.11 9,644 1:357 4
Pinukpuk 30 5.68 32,026 1:1,067 4
Rizal 28 5.30 17,038 1:608 4
Tabuk City 104 19.69 110,642 1:1,063 3
Tanudan 25 4.73 9,534 1:381 4
Tinglayan 26 4.92 12,868 1:494 4
Provincial 37 7.00 37
Headquarter
PHAU 1 0.18
PPSC 195 36.93
Total 528 212,680 1:402
Source: PNP, Kalinga Provincial Office
c. Police Facilities
Of the eight municipalities of the province, Pasil, Pinukpuk and Tanudan do not
have separate police station as these are temporarily based at the municipal halls of said
towns. The police force are backed up with fifty seven(57) communication equipment and
twenty six (26) motor vehicles distributed to all police stations, provincial headquarter
and the Provincial Mobile Group.
Table 93
Number and Type of Existing Facilities and Equipment, 2008
Type of Facilities & Location Number

Equipment
Bungalow type Bldg Camp Juan M. Duyan, Provincial Headquarter
 PD’s quarter Bulanao, Tabuk, Kalinga
 Officer’s quarter
 Motor pool 7
 Multipurpose Hall
 Pre-Fab
 Conference Hall &
 Coop
Communication Equipment All Police Station/PHQ/PMG 57
Motor Vehicles Distributed to all Police Stations/PHQ/PMG 26
157
Province of Kalinga
KPPO Building Camp Juan M. Duyan, Bulanao, Tabuk 1

KPPMG Building Camp Juan M. Duyan Bulanao, Tabuk 1
Support Unit Camp Juan M. Duyan, Bulanao, Tabuk 1
Balbalan Police Station Balbalan 1
Lubuagan Police Station Lubuagan 1
Rizal Police Station Rizal 1
Tabuk Police Station Tabuk 1
Tinglayan Police Station Tinglayan 1
Source: PNP, Kalinga
5. Jail Services
There are only three (3) jails in the province namely the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP), the provincial jail at Bulanao and the municipal jail
at Tabuk. These are all located at Tabuk.
c. Public Safety
 Fire Protection Services

As of CY 2013, there are only 6 fire trucks and 58 firefighters province wide. This
resulted to a ratio of 1 fire truck per 37,039 populations and 1 firefighter per 4,629
population, both higher than the national standards of 1 fire truck for every 28,000
population and 1 firefighter for every 2,000 population respectively.
As revealed in the table below, the ratio of facilities and personnel versus
population suggest inadequacy therefore there is a need to acquire more facilities and to
hire more personnel considering their great role in times of disaster not only on fire
figthing but even during typhoon, earthquake and climate change related calamities since
they also help in the rescue activities.
158
Province of Kalinga
Table 94
Number of Fire Protection Personnel & Existing Equipment, Kalinga, 2013
Fireman to Firetruck to
Size of Fire Population
Location Population Population
Force Trucks 2010
Ratio Ratio
KALINGA 58 6 185,198 1:4629 1:37,039
Balbalan 1 12,023 1:12,023
Lubuagan
Pasil 1
Pinukpuk 6 1 28,159 1:4,693
Rizal 10 1 14,836 1:2,119 1:14,836
Tabuk City 21 3 89,788 1:5,985 1:44,894
Tanudan 1
Tinglayan 4 1 11,735 1:11735
Provincial Office 14
Source: Bureau of Fire Protection, Bulanao, Tabuk, Kalinga
XI. Utility / Infrastructure Services
1. Water, Sanitation and Solid Waste Management
a. Water
As gleaned in the graph below, the proportion of households to safe water supply
indicates an increasing trend. Household with access to level I increased from 33.56% in
2012 to 38.24% in 2013. Households with access to level II also increased from 40.71%
in 2012 to 42.00% in 2013 while those with access to level III had a very minimal
increase of .03% in 2013. This is attributed to the construction and rehabilitation of water
facilities and the presence of the Tabuk Urban Water Utility (TUWU) which serves most
of the household’s barangays in Bulanao towards Dagupan areas.
159
Province of Kalinga
Figure 12
Percentage of Households with Access to Safe Water
Province of Kalinga per Level, 2012-2013
Source: Provincial Health Office
On the other hand, in terms of sanitation situation Figure 4 showed a decreasing

trend in the households with access to sanitary toilets for the past three years from 2010 to
2012. However in 2013 sudden increase was noted at 64.28% compared to 59.00% in
2012. This calls for the continuous advocacy on the importance of sanitary toilets
especially in areas which have low percentage.
Figure 11
Percentage of Households with Access to Sanitary Toilets
Province of Kalinga per Level, 2012-2013
Source: Provincial Health Office
160
Province of Kalinga
Table 96
By Kind of Toilet Facility, By City/Municipality, 2010
Kind of Toilet Facility

Water- Water-
Total Water-
sealed sealed Water-
City/ Numbe sealed Others
sewer other sealed other
Municipalit r of sewer septic (pail
septic tank depository depository Close Open
y Househ tank used system None
shared used shared with d Pit Pit
olds exclusively and
with other exclusivel other
by others)
household y by households
household
s household
KALINGA 38,642 12,886 4,168 3,093 2,774 5,687 6,174 155 3,706
Balbalan 2,137 776 329 107 176 246 498 - 5
Lubuagan 1,823 253 157 91 326 235 504 16 242
Pasil 1,683 474 467 92 315 50 225 5 56
Pinukpuk 5,512 1,254 210 412 203 2,103 1,306 - 24
Rizal 3,433 1,143 272 811 512 481 130 - 83
Tabuk City 20,335 8,548 2,434 1,424 1,157 2,331 2,154 134 2,154
Tanudan 1,414 86 21 54 50 124 700 - 378
Tinglayan 2,305 351 278 102 36 118 657 - 763
As indicated on the table 72, 32,810 households or 84.90% of the total households
dispose their garbage particularly plant/vegetable wastage and kitchen left overs by
feeding to animals, 2,145 households or 5.55% dumped their garbage in individual pit and
1,467 households (3.79%) burn their garbage. In urban barangays, there are 930
households whose garbage are picked-up by garbage truck and disposed in designated
dumping site within the municipality.
Fortunately, there are some 899 households that practice composting of their
garbage to be used as fertilizers in their backyard gardens and some 230 households bury
their garbage within their backyards.
161
Province of Kalinga
Table 97
Households, Province of Kalinga, By Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal
and City/Municipality, 2010
Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal

Dumpin
Total Picked g in
City/ Feeding
Number of up by individu Other
Municipality Burning Composting Burying to
Households garbage al pit s
animals
truck (not
burned)
KALINGA 38,642 930 2,145 1,467 899 230 32,810 161
Balbalan 2,137 - 196 20 26 10 1,885 -
Lubuagan 1,823 280 148 46 135 10 1,205 -
Pasil 1,683 22 274 20 35 - 1,328 4
Pinukpuk 5,512 16 304 344 62 36 4,750 -
Rizal 3,433 - 64 180 40 35 3,113 -
Tabuk City 20,335 595 1,108 777 514 129 17,099 113
Tanudan 1,414 - 23 35 86 10 1,217 44
Tinglayan 2,305 17 29 45 - - 2,214 -
Tabuk is the only town that collects household garbage but limited to its two
urban barangays namely Bulanao and Dagupan.
Generally, households with complete basic sanitary facilities (safe water, sanitary
toilets and basic sanitary garbage disposal) were recorded at 53.42%, Rizal having the
highest at 98.68%. It is however disgusting to note that the municipalities of Pasil,
Tinglayan and Tanudan registered below 10% with 2.30%, 7.33% and 9.35%
respectively.
162
Province of Kalinga
Table 98
By Kind of Toilet Facility, By City/Municipality, 2010
Kind of Toilet Facility

Water-
Total Water- Water-
sealed Water-
Numbe sealed sealed other Others
City/ sewer sealed other
r of sewer depository (pail
Municipality septic tank depository Closed Open
Househ septic tank used system None
used shared with Pit Pit
olds shared exclusively and
exclusively other
with other by others)
by households
households household
household
KALINGA 38,642 12,886 4,168 3,093 2,774 5,687 6,174 155 3,706
Balbalan 2,137 776 329 107 176 246 498 - 5
Lubuagan 1,823 253 157 91 326 235 504 16 242
Pasil 1,683 474 467 92 315 50 225 5 56
Pinukpuk 5,512 1,254 210 412 203 2,103 1,306 - 24
Rizal 3,433 1,143 272 811 512 481 130 - 83
Tabuk City 20,335 8,548 2,434 1,424 1,157 2,331 2,154 134 2,154
Tanudan 1,414 86 21 54 50 124 700 - 378
Tinglayan 2,305 351 278 102 36 118 657 - 763
 Domestic Water Utilities
As of 2009, there are 5,758 various existing water supply facilities (level I II &
III) in the province serving the total of 35,741 households in Kalinga. This means that
95.52 percent of the total households in the province have access to potable water supply
and the remaining 4.48 percent still draw their water supply from doubtful sources.
163
Province of Kalinga
Table 99
Status of Domestic Water Supply, Kalinga, 2009
Municipality/ City
Level 1 Level 11 Level 111 Total
HH Served
HH Served
HH Served
HH Served
2009 HHS
Province/
#Fts
#Fts
#Fts
#Fts
%
%
KALINGA 35741 4622 12836 35.91 1148 15578 43.589 420 5725 16.02 5758 34139 95.52
Balbalan 2099 95 164 7.81 65 1357 64.65 2 527 25.11 162 2048 97.57
Lubuagan 2034 48 845 41.54 27 953 46.85 20 180 8.85 95 1978 97.24
Pasil 1732 1 0 0 7 1216 70.21 3 516 29.79 11 1732 100.00
Pinukpuk 5811 421 1296 22.30 27 3467 59.66 10 247 4.25 458 5010 86.21
Rizal 3268 464 2402 73.50 17 708 21.66 28 153 4.68 509 3263 99.84
Tabuk 16970 3118 8031 47.32 930 4947 29.15 282 3507 20.67 4330 16485 97.14
Tanudan 1508 42 74 4.90 27 1143 75.80 27 87 5.77 96 1304 86.47
Tinglayan 2319 1 24 1.03 48 1787 77.06 48 508 21.91 97 2319 100
Source: 2009 OHS annual Report
Note: Level I – Dug wells, shallow wells, deep wells, point source development & rain collector
Level II – Spring Development with Communal faucet, Deep well/shallow well & point
source with electric water pump & elevated tank w/ communal faucet
Level III – Any source with household connection or individual faucets
With the operation of the Tabuk Water, most of the households of Bulanao and
Dagupan of Tabuk that were formerly served by level II and level I facilities were already
connected with the level III water supply. As of October, 2008, some 2,366 households
are served by the Tabuk water.
b. Sanitation and Solid Waste Management
 Households By Manner of Garbage Disposal
As indicated on the table below, 32,810 households or 84.90% of the total

households dispose their garbage particularly plant/vegetable wastage and kitchen left
overs by feeding to animals, 2,145 households or 5.55% dumped their garbage in
individual pit and 1,467 households (3.79%) burn their garbage. In urban barangays, there
are 930 households whose garbage are picked-up by garbage truck and disposed in
designated dumping site within the municipality.
Fortunately, there are some 899 households that practice composting of their
garbage to be used as fertilizers in their backyard gardens and some 230 households bury
their garbage within their backyards.
164
Province of Kalinga
Table 100
Households, Province of Kalinga,By Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal
and City/Municipality,2010
Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal
Total Dumping
City/ Picked
Number of in Feeding
up by
Municipality Households individual Burning Composting Burning to Others
garbag
pit (not animals
e truck
burned)
KALINGA 38,642 930 2,145 1,467 899 230 32,810 161

Balbalan 2,137 - 196 20 26 10 1,885 -
Lubuagan 1,823 280 148 46 135 10 1,205 -
Pasil 1,683 22 274 20 35 - 1,328 4
Pinukpuk 5,512 16 304 344 62 36 4,750 -
Rizal 3,433 - 64 180 40 35 3,113 -
Tabuk City 20,335 595 1,108 777 514 129 17,099 113
Tanudan 1,414 - 23 35 86 10 1,217 44
Tinglayan 2,305 17 29 45 - - 2,214 -
 Drainage and Flood Control
The province is inadequate on drainage and flood control facilities. At present,

only Bulanao of Tabuk has big drainage canal without cover. Flooding is being
experienced along the low lying areas of Tabuk, Rizal and Pinukpuk. Few flood controls
are also found along the stretch of Chico River specifically in San Juan and Cabaruan of
Tabuk.
This call for the studies of the drainage and sewerage system shall be concurrent
with the land use plan; normally associated with the road networks. Flood prone areas
should also be taken into consideration.
c. Status of Rural Electrification
As of 2013, there are 143 barangays energized which is 93.46% out of the 153
barangays in the province. This means that 10 barangays are still waiting to be energized.
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Province of Kalinga
Total household connections are 30,717 or 69.30% of the total households. It is

noted that most of the unserved households are located in far flung barangays or sitios
that are not accessible by existing road network.
The province is energized by the National Transmission Corporation (NTC)

through the Kalinga Electric Cooperative (KAELCO) which covers the municipalities of
Balbalan, Pasil, Lubuagan, Rizal, Pinukpuk, Tabuk and Tanudan. The municipality of
Tinglayan is serviced through the Mountain Province Electric Cooperative (MOPRECO)
with total household connections of 1,571. There are also some barangays with micro-
hydro power but with limited household connections particularly in Balbalan, Pasil &
Tanudan. It is also noted that some households availed of solar panels primarily for
lighting purposes during night time.
The province is however endowed with water resources that are potential for micro-
hydro. These are potential mini-hydro resources that could generate needed power supply
for the province
Table 101
Status of Electrification
Conventional Micro-Hydro Total
Total of No. of No. of
Municipality # of HHs No. of Brgys. # of HHs
HHs 2013 Brgy. Brgy.
Energized Energized Energized
Energized Energized
Kalinga 44,323 129 30,717 9 143 30,717
Balbalan 2,416 6 747 8 14 747
Lubuagan 1,874 9 1,480 9 1,480
Pasil 1,925 12 856 1 12 856
Pinukpuk 5,919 22 3,493 22 3,493
Rizal 3,188 14 2,617 14 2,617
Tabuk City 24,783 42 19,381 42 19,381
Tanudan 1,706 4 572 1 10 572
20 1,571
Tinglayan 2,512 20 1,571
Source: KAELCO
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Province of Kalinga
d. Communication
 Communication Facilities
At present, the province’s communication network is being serviced by smart,

globe, and sun cellular companies servicing almost all the municipalities. Although some
far flung barangays are still unreachable due to their distance to the existing cell sites.
On the other hand, the use of the telegraph and postal services in the province has
been significantly affected by the increasing use of cell phones. Nonetheless, they are still
operating with at least one postal office per municipality except for Tabuk which has two
that are located in Bulanao and Poblacion.
There are Five (5) cable television networks operating in Kalinga, the Northern
Star and Cordillera which are mainly operating in Tabuk and the Dream, G-Sat, Cignal
Cable that are serving some parts of Tabuk, Pinukpuk, Balbalan, Lubuagan, Tinglayan,
Pasil and Rizal. The two radio stations (Radyo ng Bayan & Radyo Natin) are also located
in Tabuk, although, all the municipalities can be reached by Radyo ng Bayan while
Radyo Natin can only serve Tabuk and nearby barangays of the adjacent municipalities.
For print media, there is only one existing local papers in the province, the
GURU Press, which is a private newspaper.
 Information-Technology Facilities
Since 2002, the province particularly Tabuk is connected with the internet. At
present, almost all government offices have access to the internet and there are now
numerous internet shops in the commercial areas in Bulanao and Dagupan areas. Most
households have also opted to be connected for their private use. Nonetheless there is still
a public demand for the establishment of landline telephone system especially from the
business sector
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Province of Kalinga
Table 102
Existing Communication System, Kalinga Province 2016
Communication Facilities Location

A. Telephone System Tabuk, Pinukpuk, Lubuagan, Balbalan,
 Smart Tanudan, Pasil
 Globe Tabuk, Balbalan
 Sun Cellular Tabuk, Pinukpuk
 PLDT wireless phone
B. Cable Network (Television)
 Northern Star
 Cordillera Dream Satellite Tabuk
 Dream, G-Sat, Cignal Tabuk
Cable Tabuk, Balbalan, Lubuaga, Pinupuk, Pasil,
C. Radio Stations Rizal, Tinglayan
 Radyo Natin Tabuk
 Radyo ng Bayan Tabuk
D. Post Office All Municipalities
E. Internet Shops & Cafes Tabuk
Globe Tattoo & Smart Municipalities that have strong smart & globe
Broad Band signal
Source: 2008 Kalinga Provincial Socio-economic Profile
168
Province of Kalinga
Map 31
169
Province of Kalinga
XII. Other Services and Facilities
1. Social Welfare Services

Social welfare services is being served by the Social Welfare and development
Offices (MSWDOs) of the municipalities and the Provincial Social Welfare and
Development Office (PSWDO). The province has one building for the Senior Citizens,
and Child and Women Friendly Room. On the other hand there 238 day care centers
serving the day care services in the province.
2. Poverty Stationers
Based on Republic Act 8425 otherwise known as the Social Reform and Poverty
Alleviation Act of 1997, the “poor” refers to individuals or families whose income falls
below the poverty threshold. Poverty threshold refers to the annual per capita required or
the amount to be spent to satisfy basic food requirements and other non-food basic needs.
With an estimated annual per capita poverty threshold of P9,732 in 2012, the
poverty incidence in Kalinga has improved from 45.80 in 2006 to 29.40% in 2012. It
ranked 2rd to Benguet/Baguio. It is noted however that the province’s poverty status is
much better than the other provinces of the Region.
Table 103
First Semester Per Capita threshold and Poverty Incidence,
CAR: 2006, 2009 & 20012
First Semester per Capita Poverty

Poverty Incidence among Families
Province Threshold
2006 2009 2012 2006 2009 2012
Abra 7,273 8,753 17,900 41.60 41.80 34.40
Apayao 6,835 8,210 17,837 51.30 43.90 59.80
Benguet 6,744 8,096 17,483 6.10 7.00 4.30
Ifugao 7,183 8,647 15,556 32.80 28.10 47.50
Kalinga 6,518 7,843 15,031 43.60 25.80 29.40
Mt. Province 7,598 9,129 16,785 40.20 42.60 34.80
CAR 7,031 8,492 16,810 25.60 25.80 22.60
PHILIPPINES 6,703 8,448 15,077 23.40 22.90 22.30
Source: NSCB
Related to the high poverty incidence in Kalinga, the province was also
considered among food poor provinces based on the results of the 2003 Food & Income
expenditure Survey (FIES). Food poor means that the level of family income is not
sufficient to buy basic food needs which is 100% of calorie requirements and 80% of
170
Province of Kalinga
other nutrients required for the day. As a result, it is included among the target provinces
for the Accelerated Hunger Mitigation Program.
In terms of magnitude, the 16,113 families considered poor in CY 2006 translates
to a total of 94,995 poor populations which comprise 19 percent of the total poor
populations in CAR and 0.34 percent in the country.
Table 104
Magnitude of Poor Families and Poor Population, CAR: 2000, 2003 & 2006
Province Magnitude of Poor Families Magnitude of Poor Population

2000 2003 2006 2000 2003 2006
Abra 18,798 17,339 22,484 113,326 100,013 128,614
Apayao 4,543 3,313 12,128 28,770 22,815 67,907
Benguet 17,620 13,472 10,990 122,178 89,132 71,190
Ifugao 18,140 9,069 11,082 113,719 60,226 69,605
Kalinga 12,140 15,151 16,113 83,844 93,693 94,995
Mt. Province 13,476 13,740 14,254 76,137 79,157 74,512
CAR 84,717 72,084 87,050 537,975 445,036 506,823
PHILIPPINES 4,146,663 4,022,695 4,677,305 2,5472,782 2,3836,104 27,616,888
Source: NSCB
Figure 8 presents the magnitude of poor population in CAR in CY 2006 and the
provinces’ share in the number of poor population. It can be glimpsed that Kalinga has a
higher number of poor population than Apayao, Ifugao, Benguet, and Mountain Province,
although it is much lower than Abra. Figure 12
Figure 6.6.2 Magnitude of Poor Population, CAR: CY 2006
The Annual Per Capita poverty Threshold in the

province which is 15,031 is the lowest among the CAR
provinces and also lower than the regional average of Mt. Province
74,512
Abra
128,614
P16,810 and the country’s average of 15,077 in 2006. 15% 25%
This implies that the cost of living in the province is Kalinga

94,995
considered a little bit cheaper than the cost of living in 19%
Apayao
67,907
other provinces in CAR. Ifugao
13%
Benguet
69,605 71,190
In 2003, small area poverty estimates conducted 14% 14%
by NSCB reveals that Tanudan has the highest poverty

incidence with 88.06% in Kalinga , followed by Tinglayan(82.14% ) and Pasil
(70.01)while Tabuk has lowest with 26.11% . At the national level, Tanudan was ranked
second, Tinglayan was number twelve and Pasil was number seventy six among the
poorest municipalities in the country. This poverty situation can be attributed to the
limited economic activities and inadequacy of support programs and services especially
in the remote barangays of said municipalities.
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Province of Kalinga
Table 105
Municipal Small Area Poverty Estimates, 2003
Province/
Poverty Gap
(Poorest =1)
of variation
Municipality
Magnitude
Population
Coefficient
Severity of
error (SE)
Incidence
Standard
Poverty
Poverty
of Poor
Rank
(CV)
SE
SE
BALBALAN 49.54 5.24 10.6 416 5,599 16.76 2.44 7.59 1.38
LUBUAGAN 50.37 6.09 12.1 393 5,072 16.46 2.80 7.21 1.59
PASIL 70.01 5.84 8.3 76 6,950 27.37 4.30 13.52 2.88
PINUKPUK 52.16 4.56 8.7 356 13,675 18.34 2.42 8.51 1.43
RIZAL 34.91 4.53 13.0 902 4,934 10.41 1.77 4.31 0.90
TABUK 28.11 3.77 13.4 1105 22,668 8.08 1.34 3.28 0.66
TANUDAN 88.06 4.23 4.8 2 6,407 43.87 5.06 25.54 4.09
TINGLAYAN 82.14 5.77 7.0 12 9,465 37.89 5.32 20.96 4.04
Source: RSET, NSCB-CAR
Table 106
Proposed Hierarchy of Urban Centers
Levels in Urban Urban Centers Urban Centers in

Hierarchy Hierarchy in 2016 Hierarchy
Large Town Tabuk City
Medium Town Tabuk City Pinukpuk, Rizal
Small Town Rizal, Pinukpuk Lubuagan
Village Tinglayan, Lubuagan Tinglayan, Balbalan
Balbalan Tanudan
The expected higher level of urbanization in all municipalities will be made

possible with the promotion and development/establishment of preferred economic
activities/ industries based on their comparative advantages, through the provision of
higher levels of urban services and facilities. Table 92 shows the specific roles and
preferred economic activities of each of the municipalities which is expected to be
pursued towards the attainment of the vision.
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Province of Kalinga
XIII. LOCAL GOVERNANCE
1. Local Government Income and

Expenditures
The main source of the

provincial government income
comes from the province’s share
from the Internal Revenue Allotment
(IRA). For the last three years (2014-
2016) the Internal Revenue
Allotment of the province has
consistently accounted for 84.45%,
82.63% & 83.76% respectively of
the total income
which means that income from local
sources barely accounts for about 15
- 18 percent only. Looking into the
trend for the past three years the
local income of the province is
significantly improving.
The State of Local

Government Report for 20016,
revealed that the province runs
almost parallel with the other 3rd
income class provinces in terms of
dependency on the Internal Revenue
Allotment.
Based on Figure 9, the total

income indicated a growth rate of
25.20%. The Non-Tax Revenue
shared a significant growth rate of
31.45%, although the province
consistently relied from its Internal
Revenue Allotment the growth rate
is minimal at 24.18% percent for the
last 3 Fiscal Years.
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Province of Kalinga
On the other hand, expenditures made by the provincial government for the last 3
Fiscal Years posted a growth rate of 25.01 percent which is a bit lower than the
province’s income growth rate of 25.20%.
This implies that the minimal income of the province has been utilized for its
development programs in which surplus for the same period were treated as continuing
allotment for ongoing projects at the end of every calendar year, still the locally generated
revenue is low.
During the same period, the total income of the various municipal governments
reflected an average annual growth rate of 12.49%. Across municipalities, Tabuk has
consistently shared the highest income. Fopr the past 3 years from 2014-2016, Pasil, a 5th
class municipality has the highest average annual growth rate of 69.51% which is higher
than the 12.49% average annual growth rate of all municipalities.
Balbalan as a 3rd class municipality placed second in income annual average

growth rate of 23.02% followed by Tanudan at 3.54% then Rizal and Tabuk City with
Average Annual Growth Rate of 3.48% and 2.04% respectively with, Tinglayan,
Pinukpuk and Lubuagan posting negative at -26.76%, -10.37% and -8.33% respectively.
Table 108
Municipal Government Income, Province of Kalinga
Ave. Annual
Growth Rate
KALINGA 107,325,313.04 149,913,694.71 139,457,491.32 12.49%
Balbalan 3,239,994.97 2,726,409.51 4,613,686.25 23.02%
Lubuagan 806,454.98 553,405.74 693,208.47 -8.33%
Pasil 494,780.91 421,123.86 1,131,413.01 69.51%
Pinukpuk 1,932,700.86 1,472,829.73 1,579,621.01 -10.37%
Rizal 4,006,497.94 4,370,515.60 4,298,436.76 3.48%
Tabuk 40,582,698.34 46,689,378.21 42,360,201.21 2.04%
Tanudan 313,840.94 2,472,839.87 412,411.08 3.54%
Tinglayan 1,342,078.30 654,295.70 807,908.83 -26.76%
Source: Provincial Treasury Office
Expenditure made by the municipal government of the province for the period
(CY 2014-2016) showed increasing trend others. Pasil Shared the highest average annual
growth rate of 14.26%, followed by Balbalan with 10.78%, Rizal with 10.54%, Tanudan
with 10.17%, Pinukpuk with 8.09%, Tabuk City and Lubuagan with 6.73% & 2.50%
respectively. While Tinglayan posted a negative annual growth rate of -0.05%
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Province of Kalinga
Table 109
Municipal Government Expenditure, Province of Kalinga
Annual Ave.
Growth Rate
KALINGA 498,265,086.05 647,356,264.11 684,450,983.16 16.25%
Balbalan 58,151,311.31 67,238,924.69 71,670,528.67 10.78%
Lubuagan 41,091,272.08 49,181,190.42 43,344,402.48 2.50%
Pasil 43,913,196.02 46,017,029.79 56,740,622.77 14.26%
Pinukpuk 84,486,837.81 101,838,461.46 99,555,204.55 8.09%
Rizal 53,427,175.87 49,948,461.46 64,321,320.53 10.54%
Tabuk 507,221,895.89 662,505,528.42 585,958,828.31 6.73%
Tanudan 51,080,979.71 57,305,237.50 62,099,793.48 10.17%
Tinglayan 52,863,183.19 63,071,044.82 52,801,800.26 -0.05%
Source: Treasury Office
2. Development Administration
Along the area of development management and administration, the efforts will be
directed to enhance LGU capability, improve program implementation, strengthen
coordination among service providers, improve information mechanism and enhance
private sector and community participation in the development effort.
Over the past years, LGU staff has participated in various trainings in
development planning, financial management, manpower development, computer
literacy, supervisory skills, internal auditing and other technical skills enhancement. The
organization development program has been revived in the provincial government starting
with customer skills enhancement. Investments were also made in terms of procurement
of equipments and mobility support to further improve capability of LGUs in service
delivery.
Along development planning, the issuance of JMC1 by NEDA, DILG, DBM and
DOF emphasized the importance of synchronization and harmonization of development
efforts to ensure consistency of plans and priorities. This has paved the way for the start
of the preparation of the Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan (PDPFP)
and the Provincial Development Investment Program (PDIP) which gave emphasis to
budget and planning linkage.
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Province of Kalinga
Relevant policy supports are also in placed as manifested by the enactment of the
following: Revenue Code, Children’s Code, and Environment Code etc.
Information mechanisms are needed to effect better interaction among

stakeholders. The proliferation of cellular phone signals and internet hook-ups paved the
way for faster, easier and more effective communication. Local newspapers like the
Kalinga Advocate and Guru Press remains in circulation. Various information education
campaigns have been conducted also by the different agencies. A need to have a
centralized management information system is seen.
XIV. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR DRR AND CCA
1. Organization and Structure
In compliance to RA 10121, the Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Council (PDRRMC) in Kalinga was reorganized. It is composed of the
Provincial Governor as Chairman, the Provincial Director of the PNP as Vice-Chairman,
12 provincial officials, 14 national officials working at the provincial level and 5 NGOs
as members.
The Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office was also created
to serve as the main agency for coordinating DRRM activities under the supervision of
the Provincial Governor and is composed of a Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Officer (DRRMO). At present, the DRRMO is still by designation. This
office is in charge of Administration and Training, Operations and Warning, Planning and
Research. The Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office is the Action
Office and Secretariat of the Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Council.
The Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Operations Center

(PDRRMOC) is a physical facility where the PDRRMO holds office. This serves as the
center for alert and monitoring, multi-agency and multi-level operational coordination,
response and resource mobilization and information management. It also serves as
command post during disaster operations, venue of meetings for action groups and
headquarters of the PDRRMC secretariat.
Each member agency has also specific assigned roles consistent with their
mandate and specialization. The presence of the Philippine National Red Cross Chapter
in the province is viewed as a very important milestone in disaster management in the
province.
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Province of Kalinga
2. Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (PDRRMF)
Republic Act No. 10121, Rule 18, Section 1 or the Utilization of the Local
Disaster Risk Reduction Fund (LDRRMF) states that “the present Local Calamity Fund
shall henceforth be known as the Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Fund (PDRRMF) and that not less than five percent (5%) of the estimated revenue from
regular sources shall be set aside as the PDRRMF to support disaster risk management
activities such as, but not limited to, pre-disaster preparedness, Prevention & mitigation
and Rehabilitation & recovery programs including training, purchasing life-saving rescue
equipment, supplies and medicines, for post-disaster activities, for the payment of
premiums on calamity insurance and construction of evacuation centers. The PDRRMC
shall monitor and evaluate the use and disbursement of the PDRRMF based on the
DRRMP as incorporated in the local development plans and annual work and financial
plan.”
Of the amount appropriated for PDRRMF, thirty percent (30%) shall be allocated
as Quick Response Fund (QRF) or stand-by fund for relief and recovery programs in
order that situation and living conditions of people in communities or areas stricken by
disasters, calamities, epidemics, or complex emergencies, may be normalized as quickly
as possible.
Funds not utilized after five (5) years shall be reverted to the General Fund which
can be used for other social services to be identified by the Sanggunian Panlalawigan.
However, since most projects in the regular and 20% development fund are geared
towards poverty reduction and the provision of livelihood for households, such can be
treated as available funds to increase resiliency of population and decrease their
vulnerability to disasters and climate change.
3. Resources Available
The province was able to procure some support equipments such as dump trucks,
pay loader, bulldozers for clearing landslides and rescue/emergencies facilities to include
rubberized boats and gadgets.
On policies, the province has enacted the Provincial Environment Code as a major
policy for environmental management. Its implementation at the municipal and Barangay
level has yet to be cascaded. There is also available trained manpower in the province on
rescue and quick response as a result of the various training conducted by PDRRMC.
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Province of Kalinga
4. DRR/CCA Local Policies
There is a need to fastrack the integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change
adaptation strategies, programs and zoning ordinances in the updating of Comprehensive
Land Use Plans (CLUPs) of the seven municipalities and one city in development plan in
moderate to high risk areas. While a Provincial Environment Code has been passed in
2011, its implementation has yet to be cascaded in the municipal and barangay level.
XV. SUMMARY OF TRENDS AND SCENARIOS
The relationship among population, land use, and environment builds on the
perspective that social, cultural, and institutional factors play mediating roles. Population
growth and changes in lifestyle, consumption, institutions, and industrialization all
contribute to land use and climate change.
Human population growth influences long-term patterns of land use which is a

major force behind environmental changes. Since the household is a basic socio-
economic unit and each household occupies a specific land area, consumes natural
resources, and produces wastes, it is therefore essential to understand the effects of
household dynamics on the environment.
Household numbers have been increasing same as population size increases. This
implies that for every increase in the number of households it would mean additional
space requirement for settlement and spaces for making a living. The demand for basic
services requires additional space for the needed facilities and utilities. Based on the
2010-2015 figures, the province is growing at an annual average growth rate of 1.80
percent. If the current trend will continue, the province’s population will double comes
year 2030.
Settlement pattern in the province of Kalinga is influenced by two major factors:
the traditional lifestyle wherein people especially in the upland areas prefer to live in
villages in the mountainsides and along river banks, and the trend pattern which is being
dictated by the developmental scenario wherein population converge in areas along roads
and intersections and in areas where economic opportunities are abundant.
In urban areas like Tabuk, it is apparently observed that urban growth starts
leading to problems, such as, clustered settlements, conversion, traffic and environmental
degradation. In rural areas especially in the uplands where there is limited suitable space
for living and making a living, it is also noted that some settlements are located in
unsuitable or risk areas and are performing economic activities which may lead to the
depletion of the natural resources thereby causing the degradation of the environmental
quality. As per mapping, the settlement, residents in the slopes in Tinglayan, Balbalan,
Lubuagan and Pasil are highly susceptible on landslides during rainy season.
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Province of Kalinga
The province’s economy is basically resource-based, however, production is still

very low considering the total potentials of available resources. The province manifested
a marginal increase in the agricultural crop production. Taking for instance the province
being ranked as seventh as producer of Robusta Coffee and ranked third producers for
heirloom rice in the Cordillera Region for year 2012, the production is dwindling due to
the under-utilization of available resources and the low productiveness of the resources
that were put to productive use coupled with the inadequacy of investment opportunities
for industrialization. The province’s comparative advantage on agricultural crops was not
optimized.
There is also the deteriorating quality and diminishing quantity of physical

resources. As of _____, only ___ percent of the total land area of Kalinga is forested or
___ percent below the recommended land balance ratio of 60 percent forest and 40
percent other uses. This problem signifies stress on the environment. These are due to
forest destruction, indiscriminate cutting of trees or timber pouching, kaingin or the slash
and burn method of agriculture, excessive fuel wood gathering and encroachment of
settlements to protected areas.
Degradation of water resources is another factor. The Chico River which is the
main source of irrigation is polluted due to improper waste disposal at the upper stream.
River siltation is prevalent along the Chico River as a consequence to the boom in the
construction industry and soil erosions due to poor forest protection and management
programs. Unregulated extraction of sand and gravel and quarrying are rampant. Another
contributory factor is the non-implementation of the Solid Waste Management Act by the
municipal governments. Most people dispose their garbage along river banks or
elsewhere that contaminates waterways and causes water and air pollution. There are also
the effects of piggery and poultry operations as well as excessive use of pesticides in
agricultural farms.
There are also unregulated extraction of mineral resources in the municipalities of

Pasil and Balbalan wherein the people are engaged in small scale mining. These people
cut trees for their mining activities which cause depletion of the forest cover. Likewise,
the improper disposal of waste from their mining activities affects not only fresh water
resources but also the health of the people.
Pollution of water resources are evident especially the Chico River and other
tributaries due to irresponsible dumping of waste and illegal fishing. There is also the
potential problem on air pollution due to smoke belching, burning of wastes and the
operation of rice mills within urban areas.
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Province of Kalinga
CHAPTER III
LAND USE AND PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK
This section integrates the various components of land uses (settlements,

production, protection, transport/and other infrastructure) and provides an analytical basis
for future physical developments to include the proper location of programs and projects.
1. Settlement Component
Based on the analysis of the existing settlement pattern, the functional hierarchy
of urban centers in the province shall be transformed such that Tabuk will be elevated to
large town given all opportunities as a component city and being the major education and
commercial center in Kalinga. Tabuk will also be developed as a major service center for
eco-tourism. Rizal and Pinukpuk shall likewise be promoted as medium town considering
their strategic location and accessibility to Tuguegarao City. These municipalities will be
also developed as expansion areas for settlement and production purposes. Lubuagan will
be transformed into a small town to be developed as a secondary service center for eco-
tourism given its strategic location towards potential tourist destinations in Tinglayan,
Balbalan & Pasil. The municipalities of Balbalan, and Tinglayan, will remain as village
particularly in their poblacion centers due to the limited area for urban expansion.
Besides, there is a need to preserve the pristine and fragile environment of these
areas for ecological reasons. Meanwhile, Tanudan and Pasil will be promoted as
production areas for high value crops like coffee and organic rice. The table below shows
the proposed hierarchy of urban centers.
Table 106
Proposed Hierarchy of Urban Centers
Levels in Urban Urban Centers Urban Centers in

Hierarchy Hierarchy in 2016 Hierarchy in 2022
Large Town Tabuk City
Medium Town Tabuk City Pinukpuk, Rizal
Small Town Rizal, Pinukpuk Lubuagan
Village Tinglayan, Lubuagan Tinglayan, Balbalan
Balbalan Tanudan
The expected higher level of urbanization in all municipalities will be made

possible with the promotion and development/establishment of preferred economic
activities/ industries based on their comparative advantages, through the provision of
higher levels of urban services and facilities. Table 92 shows the specific roles and
180
Province of Kalinga
preferred economic activities of each of the municipalities which is expected to be

pursued towards the attainment of the vision.
181
Province of Kalinga
Map 32
182
Province of Kalinga
Table 107
PROPOSED URBAN SERVICE CENTER, DESIGNATED ROLES AND
PREFERRED ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
USCs Roles & Preferred Economic Activities

 Primary Urban Service Center
 Primary Service center for eco-tourism(hotels & restaurant, recreation)
 Eco-tourism attractions & activities( Matambong Falls, white water
rafting, Matagoan Festival)
TABUK
 Seat of Governance, Commerce, Private Institutions and Health
CITY
Services
 Tertiary, vocational education & recreation services
 Primary Agri-Industrial center (rice, corn, coffee & fruit production
and processing)
 Secondary Urban Service Centers
 Gateway to Tuguegarao City
RIZAL &
 Expansion areas for settlement and production purposes
PINUKPUK
 Agro Industrial Center (Rice/corn production, Fruits, vegetables and
Tilapia production and feed processing
 Secondary Service Center for Eco-tourism(Hotel, Restaurant, souvenir shop)
 Heritage Site and eco- Tourism Destination/Attractions (Lumina-Awa Festival)
LUBUAGAN  Tertiary Urban Service Center
 Agro-Industrial activities (Tiger grass production and handicraft)
 Eco-tourism destination/Attractions ( Buaya & Tawang Caves, Uguid sub-
terenean river, Manchatchatog Festival)
 Source of electricity (Mini-hydro dam)
 White water rafting along Saltan River
BALBALAN
 Kalinga Orange(Gayunan) and coffee production
 Tiger grass production and handicraft industry
 Community-based small scale mining
 Tertiary urban center (village level)
 Eco-tourism destination/Attractions (Steeping Beauty Mountain, Palan- ah
falls and hot spring, White water rafting and kayaking, mountain trekking,
Unoy Festival)
TINGLAYAN  Hotels and restaurants
 Coffee production
 Tiger grass production and handicraft
 Tertiary urban center (village level)
 Eco-Tourism Destination/Attractions ( Kabunian Bridge & spring, Padcharao
Lake, rice terraces, mountain trekking, Salip Festival)
PASIL
 High Value crops production(vegetables, Coffee, Gayunan, Tiger Grass}
 Small scale mining activities
 Eco tourism destination (Mt Binratan, Lubo Rice terraces,)
TANUDAN  High value crops production ( coffee, corn, rice & vegstables)
 Expansion area for settlement
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Province of Kalinga
While the present employment structure is basically agriculture-led, it is

envisioned that there will be a gradual shift of employment to the industry and services
sectors especially in the identified urban growth centers/areas. The development of the
industry and services sectors will significantly improve the province’s economic status by
providing alterative employment for those employed in the agriculture sector thus
improving their labor productivity. On the other hand, the agriculture sector should make
strong efforts to improve its productivity by embarking in capital-intensive production
technologies in order to sustain raw materials for the processing industry. This will also
allow the transfer of surplus labor from the agriculture sector to the industry and/or
services sectors.
With the establishment of above stated preferred economic activities in every

municipality, it is expected that population growth will be fairly distributed across the
municipalities. Although, faster urban growth is encouraged in the urban centers of
Tabuk, Rizal & Pinukpuk in as much as they have adequate land area suitable for urban
expansion. Urbanization in the other municipalities however would be regulated due to
limited expansion areas for settlement.
As projected in the map, the province has a total of 554.31 sq.kms proposed for
settlement areas representing 18.06 percent of the total land area. These are located within
the alienable and disposable lands (areas within slopes of 0-18%). Map 29 shows that the
settlement areas are concentrated in Tabuk, Pinukpuk and Rizal. As envisioned in this
plan, these municipalities will be the target for settlement expansion .
Table 108
Additional Land Required for Settlement
2007-2016
2007-2016
Municipality Additional Land Required for
Additional Population
Settlement(In Sq. Km.)
Balbalan 906 39.90
Lubuagan 682 10.17
Pasil 1174 82.15
Pinukpuk 3709 92.72
Rizal 2195 34.29
Tabuk 20581 150.22
Tanudan 768 34.90
Tinglayan 1059 25.82
KALINGA 30074 509.72
Source: PPDO Computation
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Province of Kalinga
Towards the end of the plan period, a total of 509.72 sq. kms. of additional lands
will be required for settlement purposes for the growing population. These areas will be
located within alienable and disposable lands that are not presently developed. Gleaned
from the Table 93, it is noted that Tabuk will consistently get the biggest share in
population growth and additional lands required for settlement.
1. Protection Component
This component of the PDPFP seeks to ensure protection and conservation of

identified protected areas in Kalinga which covers a total area of 1,368.95 sq. kms. or
44.60% of the provincial land area. These areas include all identified portions of land and
water set aside by reason of their unique physical and biological significance which
should be managed to enhance biological diversity and protected against destructive
human exploitation. Specifically, the areas to be protected shall include the following
categories as shown on the Map.
a. National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS). This refers to the
classification and administration of all designated protected areas to maintain
essential ecological processes and life support systems, to preserve genetic
diversity, to ensure sustainable use of natural resources and to maintain their
natural condition to the greatest extent possible. The NIPAS areas in Kalinga are
the old growth forests in Tanudan,, lubuagan & upper Tabuk and the mossy
forest in Tinglayan and Pasil and the Balbalasang National Park in Balbalan.
b. Non-NIPAS areas include all areas with elevation greater than 1,000 meters
above sea level (ASL), areas located above 50% slope. These areas also cover
the second growth forests that are present considered as the primary watershed
including the existing flora and fauna.
c. Buffer strips along rivers -buffer strips located in the forestlands and A&D lands
are measured at a width of 40 meters and 20 meters respectively on both sides of
the riverbed. These areas need to be protected to avoid siltation in the major
rivers and to preserve freshwater resources.
d. Severely Eroded Areas (SEA) - these areas covers portion of the province land
area where soil formation was severely disturbed which can cause destruction to
life and properties. Based on the erosion map, severely eroded areas covers an
estimated 44,826 hectares and most of these are found in Pinukpuk, Tabuk, Pasil
& Balbalan.
Based on the existing land use, there are some portions where their actual use is in
conflict with the functional value of such protection areas. These include the agricultural
and settlement areas within the Balbalasang National Park. Some portions of the non-
NIPAS areas are traditionally devoted to irrigated rice and cultivated annual crops.
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Province of Kalinga
Likewise, it is also observed that some portions of the supposed buffer strips along the
major rivers are presently being utilized for crop production and settlement purposes.
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Province of Kalinga
Map 33
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Province of Kalinga
Considering that this situation already existed since time in memorial and the
increasing population continuous to cause pressure to these areas, there is a need to
properly manage population movement to discourage further encroachment towards
protected areas. This will be done by strengthening the involvement of the indigenous
peoples and adoption of the Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices (IKSP) in
forest management.
2. Production Component
As projected on Map 31, the production area in the province covers a total area of
608.88 sq. kms. or 19% of the total land area. This area was generated by assessing the
existing land cover, slope, and erosion and protection areas. Being an agricultural-base
province, the production lands in Kalinga include all areas under the Network of
Protected Agricultural Areas/Network of Areas for Agricultural Development
(NPAA/NPAAD). These are the areas of good quality agricultural land that are traditional
sources of food and cash crops that are restricted from conversion to non-agricultural
forms of use. It also includes all irrigated and rain-fed rice lands, efficient diversified
croplands and all areas located on level alluvial plains and gently sloping lands and
highlands which are presently planted to or have the potential for the production of high
value and semi-temperate crops. The NPAA areas in the province cover a significant
portion of the total production areas with 418.16 sq. kms. or 68.67 percent and these are
mostly located in Tabuk City, Pinukpuk and lower Tanudan. Existing production areas
within slopes of 50 percent shall be maintained as production areas provided there will be
no further expansion.
As population increases, the intensity of land use also increases so most likely
some portions of these production lands will be converted for residential and commercial
purposes. This scenario is already happening especially in the urban centers of Tabuk
City, Rizal & Pinukpuk although there is no actual data on the rate of land conversion.
To optimize the production and productivity level of the identified production

areas efforts shall be focused for the provision of adequate and efficient agri - support
services and facilities.
On the other hand, there is also a need to rationalize conversion of prime agricultural
lands to sustain the food requirements and supply of raw materials for economic
industries.
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Province of Kalinga
Map 34
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Province of Kalinga
3. TRANSPORT/INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENT
Development in the province is ultimately tied to the provision of an integrated

and efficient transportation network. The province remains poor and undeveloped
because of its general inaccessibility. Construction, rehabilitation and improvement of its
road networks, therefore, need to be immediately addressed to promote provincial
integration for economic growth.
Such transportation network has to be carefully planned and properly

implemented as it has a great impact on land use, population movement, and the
environment. When improperly planned and implemented, the road system destroys the
fragile environment, causes incessant landslides and eventually siltation of the province’s
farmlands, distorts land use plans, and causes encroachment into critical watersheds and
forest lands. Incorporation of road auxiliary facilities (e.g. drainage, slope protection) is
an important concern to be considered in every road construction and maintenance
projects. Sacrificing these facilities will certainly result to faster deterioration of such
roads due to landslides
The provisions of other infra support facilities and utilities such as

communication, power, water etc. is also necessary to boost social and economic
development. Map 32 reflects the existing major infrastructure facilities needed to propel
socio-economic development in the province.
Transport planning in the province has to be consciously tied with land use and
environmental planning. Such necessitates the use of alternative transport schemes (e.g.
cable tramlines) and appropriate planning standards.
The provisions of other infra support facilities and utilities such as

communication, power, water etc. is also necessary to boost social and economic
development. The map reflects the existing major infrastructure facilities needed to propel
socio-economic development in the province.
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Province of Kalinga
Map 33
Map 35
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Province of Kalinga
4. Overall Physical Framework
The overall physical framework or structure plan indicates the, production

protection areas and major growth centers that are expected to be developed during the
plan period. It also indicates the major road networks that are in place and proposed for
improvement and order to facilitate the development of the identified growth centers and
potential production areas in Tabuk City, Rizal, Pinukpuk and Tanudan. At the same
time, efforts will be focused for the protection and conservation of the remaining forest
cover and restoration of degraded identified protection areas that are mostly located in the
municipalities of Lubuagan, Tinglayan, Pasil and Balbalan.
It is therefore envisioned in this plan that an integrated approach will be

considered in the development and management of the province’s physical resources in
order to generate maximum benefits and at the same time ensure the preservation of
identified protection areas with critical environmental values.
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Province of Kalinga
Map 36
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Province of Kalinga
CHAPTER IV
PROVINCIAL DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
1. DEVELOPMENT VISION
“Kalinga as an agri industrialized and eco-tourism destination with empowered,

self-reliant and resilient communities proud of their cultural heritage living in a safe
environment.”
The vision statement serves as the driving force that moves the entire province
and stakeholders towards the achievement of the Kalinga’s shared development direction.
Presented is the province’s role in regional and national development as agro-
industrialized province and eco-tourism destination in CAR and the entire country as
well. Agriculture and eco-tourism potentials to be fully harnessed providing for a
dynamic and vibrant provincial economy.
2. MISSION STATEMENT:
To improve the quality of life of the Kalingas and make them resilient to climate
change and natural disasters by institutionalizing DRRM and CCA measures at all levels.
3. DEVELOPMENT GOALS
For the plan period, the province shall pursue the realization of the following
development goals and continue to sustain its battle cry “Kalinga SHINES”
3.1 Sustainable Eco-tourism and Industry Development
In support to Republic Act 10561 “Declaring the province of Kalinga in the

Cordillera Region as a Tourism Development Area and providing funds therefor, the
province shall pursue an aggressive development , promotion and marketing of the
province’s potential tourist destinations and products through networking and
partnership with concerned stakeholders. The goal also seeks to promote the
development of community-based tourism related enterprises that will generate
investment and employment for the residents within the communities.
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Province of Kalinga
3.2 Higher Level and Sustained Socio-economic Growth
The goal seeks to improve agricultural production and productivity in order to increase
farmers’ income and sustain availability of raw materials for processing. This will be done
through the provision of adequate and efficient infra support and post - harvest facilities
coupled with an aggressive extension services to encourage farmers to adopt
improved farming technologies and following approaches and tools like the Value Chain
Analysis and the Expanded Vulnerability and Suitability Assessment (eVSA).
In terms of social development, the main concern is the upgrading of provincial

hospital facilities and services in order to meet the requirements for accreditation into
secondary or tertiary level and the five district hospitals to primary level. Alongside, there
is also a need to sustain or increase Phil Health coverage to enable the marginalized
families to avail of free health services. Increased access to better community
welfare , education and sports development will also be considered under this concern to
include operationalization of the PAG-ASA and Women’s Crisis Center to cater to
children in conflict with law and victims of violence against women and children.
Support services to the education sector is also provided through scholarship

programs for indigent but deserving students and improvement of school facilities.
3.3 Improved Peace & Order, Public Safety and Security

This goal includes an aggressive anti- drug and anti-criminality campaign, through
a more efficient judicial and traditional law enforcement administration. The installation
of street lights and CCTVs in strategic areas shall also be considered under this concern.
This concern will be done in coordination with the city government and the Kalinga
Electric Cooperative (KAELCO).
On disaster risk reduction and management, the provincial government shall
consider the improvement of the existing PDRRM Center to include provision for a
secured stockroom, conference hall and information area and to strengthen its operation
through closer coordination and collaboration with stakeholders.
3.4 Natural Resources Sustainability and Environmental Quality

The province will continue to intensify reforestation of denuded forest areas and at
the same time to protect critical watershed areas and remaining forest resources. This will
be done in coordination with concerned stakeholders.
In addition, the province will pursue the promotion of clean and healthy
environment through massive information and education the establishment of an efficient
solid waste management system to include establishment of a centralized sanitary land
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Province of Kalinga
fill. Establishment of Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) will also be encouraged at the
barangay level and at the provincial hospital and district hospitals.
3.5 Efficient and Reliable Infrastructures and Utilities

Efficient internal and external linkages shall be the main concern under this goal
through improvement/upgrading and expansion of road network and communication
services and facilities. In compliance to the Accessibility Law, the province shall
consider gender responsive and user friendly public facilities in the designing of such
facilities. The development of renewable energy sources and expansion of electric service
coverage shall also be considered during the plan period.
3.6 Stable and Efficient Development Administration and Fiscal Management
This aims to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in development administration

and management at all levels by establishing a constant communication and coordination
system for the harmonization and synchronization of plans and priorities.
The province will also continue to intensify local revenue generation through
the conduct of massive tax awareness campaign in coordination with the
city/municipalities. Improvement/upgrading of income generating facilities/services to
include the provincial and district hospitals will also be given priority attention.
Likewise, fund sourcing activities through preparaton of project proposals/feasibility
studies and provision of required counterpart for special projects like PRDP, CHARMP,
CMGP will be considered.
All local government units shall be encouraged to continue complying with the
requirements for the Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) for the welfare of their
repective constituents. Likewise, human resource development will also be given
priority attention for the enhancement of personnel performance.
4. DEVELOPMENT APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES
The realization of the development goals calls for the adoption of the following
spatial and socio-economic strategies. The implementation of these strategies that are
mutually reinforcing is envisioned to facilitate development of the comparative
advantages of the province for the improvement of the quality of life of the Kalingas
people
4.1 Spatial Development Strategies
In the development process, we pursue the concept of inclusive development
following the best alternative use on the province’s natural resources. This will be
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Province of Kalinga
operationalized under a Provincial Zonification Approach wherein the development

zones are identified based on the designated roles, comparative advantage and available
resources in the locality. This approach will consider the development of primary urban
growth center or major settlement areas (space for living), production areas (space for
making a living) and provision for life support system through the preservation and
maintenance of protected areas.
The provision of apropriate infrastructure support facilities will also be
considered to improve access and mobility within settlement areas and potential
production areas. On the other hand, road opeing towards critical protection areas should
be discouraged since this will promote fast degradation that might lead to socio-
economic disaster .
4.1.1 Primary Urban Growth Areas
Tabuk City will remain to be main growth service center in the province being
the provincial capital and center of government services, educational institutions, tertiary
health services and commercial activities.
The municipalities of Rizal and Pinukpuk are categorized as secondary growth

service centers considering their proximity to Tuguegarao City and lower Cagayan
province. These areas are also identified for settlement expansion. Lubuagan shall be the
tertiary growth center and will also serve as secondary tourism service center for
Tinglayan, Pasil & Balbalan considering its strategic location.
This settlement framework is consistent with the proposed regional spatial

strategy which considers Tabuk City, Pinukpuk and Rizal as the northern growth node in
the cordillera region given the wide expanse of potential areas for agricultural production
and settlement purposes. Lubuagan will continue to be the secondary tourism service
center for Pasil, Balbalan and Tinglayan.
The realization of these settlement framework calls for the provision and
establishment of needed facilities and amenities for higher level of urbanization and
population growth.
4.1.2 Production Areas
These are areas delineated to provide sustainable supply of resources for

theindustry sector. It includes all existing crop lands and potential production areas
within 30 percent to 50 percent slope with an estimated total area of 106,600 hectares.
Major agricultural crops like rice and corn will still be promoted in Tabuk, Rizal,
Pinukpuk and Tanudan. Meanwhile, coffee, banana, legumes, unoy rice, root crops,
sugar cane and other high value crops will still be produced in all the municipalities
including Tabuk City.
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Province of Kalinga
Pasil and Balbalan are specifically identified for mineral resource production and
geothermal exploration. There are also potential water resources for mini/micro hydro
development in Balbalan, Pasil, Tinglayan, Tanudan, Lubuagan, Pinukpuk and Tabuk.
The provision of adequate and efficient infrastructure support and post harvest
facilities will be considered to promote development and optimal use of these production
areas. Promotion of appropriate technology like the Sloping Agricultural Land
Technology in areas within 50 percent slopes is encouraged.
Likewise, conversion of prime agricultural lands should be regulated for food

security and to sustain supply of raw materials in support to food processing industries.
With this, strict implementation of zoning ordinances is urged to ensure proper potential
uses of land to maximize, regulate and direct their use and development in accordance
with the Comprehensive Land Use Plans.
4.1.3 Protection and/or Resource Areas

These are areas identified and delineated for watersheds that must be protected
and preserved. A total of 87 percent of the total Chico River Watershed is in Kalinga and
the province is hosts to seven big tributary rivers to the Chico River. This puts Kalinga a
significant role in the CAR’s function as watershed cradle of the north. Included are the
Network of Protected Areas (NIPAS), and other protected areas such as the Balbalasang
National Park, the Maling Sub-terranean River, Sleeping Beauty Mountain, Silent
Mountain of Binaratan, and fault line areas at Tinglayan, Pasil, Tabuk and Balbalan. In
addition are Non-NIPAs which are the second growth forests.
Within these protected areas, however, are spots of production areas especially for
forest products, minerals and high value crops which are occupied by indigenous groups.
The protection of these areas therefore lies primarily on involvement of the indigenous
people through the promotion and adoption of indigenous knowledge, systems and
practices coupled with government support in terms of reforestation programs and strict
implementation of forestry laws.
4.2 Socio-Economic Development Strategies

4.2.1 Social preparation
Building a strong and vibrant Kalinga society is the ultimate development
direction There is need to empower the people culturally, socially and economically
through their involvement in development planning processes. This can be done through
effective and efficient governance at all levels, and the civil society actively involved in
the democratic processes of governance. The five pillars of justice working effectively
and efficiently in the promotion of peace and order in order to ensure a conducive
environment for soci-economic growth.
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Province of Kalinga
Parallel to this approach is the preservation and enhancement of the indigenous

knowledge, systems and practices of the people. The creation of community awareness
on disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation will also be considered as a
priority concern in all levels of local government units.
4.1.2 Resource development/wealth creation
Development opportunities and potentials of the province in tourism, agriculture,

forestry, minerals shall be harnessed and developed and its uses are maximized.
Necessary physical facilities and integrated support services shall be provided in order to
facilitate the development of these resources that will redowned to the growth of a
vibrant economic enterprises.
For agricultural crop development process of the province , agricultural

resources be utilized for economic activities through the Value Chain Analysis
Approach. The Value Chain Analysis Approach provides a more focused and
comprehensive assessment of the potentials, constraints and opportunities for each
segment along the value chain of priority commodities of the provinces specifically the
Robusta Coffee, Heirloom Rice and Banana of which the province has a comparative
advantage over the other province in the region. Parallel with the Value Chain Approach
is the utilization of the Expanded Vulnerability and Sustainability Assessment as a tool
for project interventions especially on target areas. This is in the context of preserving
and sustaining the environment for the future generations of Kalinga.
4.1.3 Income and revenue generation
The people shall be afforded with employment and livelihood opportunities and
conducive climate for business environment for the promotion and marketing of products.
At the same time, the provincial government and component LGUs shall vigorously
undertake local revenue generation and not only depend on the IRA share in the
implementation of its development programs. Fund sourcing from local and foreign
financial institutions shall be strengthened and required counterpart for special projects
shall be given priority consideration by local government units. In support to local tax
generation, cadastral surveys, tax mapping shall be undertaken to update taxable lands as
basis for tax collection.
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Province of Kalinga
CHAPTER IV
SECTORALDEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES, GOALS, OBJECTIVES &

TARGETS
1. DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES
1.1 Slow paced economic growth

The province is manifesting low agricultural production. The absence of
aggressive promotion and the linkage between technology and the beneficiaries and to
some extent the inefficiency of some agricultural technicians contributes to the low yield
of production. There is inadequate know-how skills as well as poor access to technical
support and low acceptance and indifference of farmers to adopt the technologies which
may be due to customs and traditions and financial capability. The inadequacy of well-
equipped demonstration centers for effective technology likewise causes the low crops
productions.
The abrupt changes in temperature and rainfall pattern gives directly negative
impact on the growth of plants and animals. The impacts of climate change include
incidence or outbreak of diseases and shortage/excess of water supply in the production
areas. It is also noted that most farmers are at lost due to crop damages during incidence
of typhoons. This situation is aggravated by the destruction of irrigation facilities and
farm to market roads as reported during the past years of which some were not yet
rehabilitated due to lack of funds.
Except for vegetable, there are surpluses in rice, corn, fruits, legumes, root crops
and coffee. These crops can compete in the market in terms of quality. But despite the
gross surpluses, the amount of surplus is not enough to make the province an exporter
because the production could not yet meet the quota required in terms of production and
packaging in order to qualify the product in the competitive market.
With the Robusta Coffee and Heirloom Rice as the priority crops of which the
province has a comparative advantage over the other provinces, value chain analysis on
each of crops had been conducted and based on the results, the constraints to the
development of coffee and heirloom rice industries are the following:
a. Robusta Coffee
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Province of Kalinga
The Coffee production despite being ranked seventh nationwide in terms of

Robusta Coffee is dwindling and production is not at its optimum due to constraints in
the different coffee value chain segments:
Input Provision Segment - Lack of skills and knowledge on nursery management

and plant propagation and lack of quality planting
materials in the locality
Production Segment - poor accessibility to existing and potential production

areas
- low productivity yield due to aging trees, poor

plantation maintenance, depletion of soil fertility
- lack of irrigation
- conversion of coffee areas to other crops and
- underutilized production areas.
Field Processing - predominance of dry processing and

- few are offering premium price for good quality of
green coffee beans
Consolidation Segment - there is the high cost of hauling due to poor farm to
market road conditions
- lack of grading skills, lack/declining supply of green

coffee beans
On Roasting Segment - There are underutilized roasters
- inconsistent quality of GCB, no sorting
- roasting facilities not GMP compliant
- traditional roasting facilities producing poor quality

coffee
- lack of service providers on roasting, cupping, no

standards and quality control system
Enabling Environment - Unfair marketing practices
- Unstable price of coffee beans
- Insufficient information on market opportunities
- Inadequate skills on coffee packaging and branding
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Province of Kalinga
b. Aromatic and Pigmented Rice (Heirloom Rice/Unoy Rice)
The province ranked third in the Cordillera Administrative Region in producing

Heirloom Rice, but the production is considered low. Result of the value chain analysis
of the heirloom rice sector are:
Input Supply - Lack of sources of good quality seed

- Lack of technical skills and know-how to manage health of
seeds and preserve genetic purity
- Poor seed storage conditions at the farm household level
- Increasing cost of chemical fertilizer and other inputs
- Lack of access to soil analysis services/ Lack of technical
- know-how on proper fertilizer management and application
- Unstable supply of water/ Decreasing availability of water
- Poor state of irrigation facilities/ Lack of irrigation facilities
- Lack of technical know-how on management strategies and
technologies to reduce water input
Farming - Limited outreach of existing providers/existing extension

services
- Low adoption/ uptake of improved science-based climate smart
rice farming practices/technologies and Good Agricultural
Practices
- Lack of draft animals and appropriate machineries for farm
production in upland and terrace based areas
Post Harvest centers - Lack of access to proper storage facilities and collection
- Lack of access to drying facilities
- Lack of access to milling facilities designed specifically for
production of specialty rice
- Lack of access to three-phase power distribution network
Trading/Distribution - High Cost Of Transaction Due To Poor Farm To Market Road

- Upland Areas Isolated From Road Network Because Of
Ravines, Rivers, And Dense Vegetation
- Weak Vertical Linkages
- Remoteness Of Communities From The Markets/Lack Of
Access To Market Information And To Buyers
Enabling Environment - Degradation of watershed areas due to unregulated conversion

of forest areas to aromatic farm lands/kaingin practice.
While there are available potential inland bodies of water for fish production, the
fishery sector was not given priority attention in terms of financial support. The lack of
skills on proper fishpond management also contributed to the under development of
fishery industry despite abundant water resources .
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Province of Kalinga
On livestock and poultry, the prevalence of pest and disease is due to absence of
animal quarantine checkpoints and non-compliance of meat safety and regulations that
would prevent the entry of infected animals and by products in the province. The
province likewise manifested low production of large animals and small ruminants and
insufficient poultry and egg production. Other challenges being encountered by the
livestock subsector includes limited agri-processing activities and limited market outlet .
Cooperative sector is recognized as a movement for community development,

however, there is still a need to institionalize cooperative some cooperatives established
and organized were not sustained. The unsustainability of cooperatives is brought about
by inadequate social preparation of cooperatives organized. Other challenges included
limited entrepreneurial, management and financial skills and low appreciation on
cooperative trainings.
Agri-infrastructure support like farm to market access, irrigation and market

facilities are still inadequate. These facilities if adequately available will surely boost the
agricultural development in the province.
The province is also endowed with mineral and tourism potentials which up to
now still remained untapped and undeveloped coupled with the need to strengthen the
micro-small and medium enterprises.
1.2 Inadequate and inefficient circulation and access

Along with the problems on economic and social development is the problem on
internal and external linkages. The flow of economic and social services is very much
affected by the inadequacy and inefficiency of transport and communication system to
include other infra-support facilities.
Road linkages is still very much inadequate as shown by the road density of .36
kms./sq. km. of the land area which means that the ratio of .36 road kilometerage to
surface area of 1 sq. km. is still behind in providing the road network requirement of the
province based on the standard rural road requirement of 1.5 kms./sq. km. of arable land.
Added to this inadequacy is the vulnerability of most major trunk lines to
landslide which makes them inaccessible during incidence of heavy rainfall. Based on
the hazard map from the MGB, it was noted that 160 kilometers or 36% of the total
national and provincial roads are prone to landslide particularly those located in Balbalan,
Tinglayan, Pasil and Tinglayan. Likewise, data from the PHILVOCS would reveal that
most of the major roads are also traversed by fault lines which mean that these roads will
be affected in case there is earthquake.
External transport linkages to other provinces like Abra, Apayao and Mt. Province
are still in bad condition. Internal road linkages within the province are still much to be
desired.
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Province of Kalinga
There are no other communication networks within the province except for areas
reached by the globe and smart signals.
1.3 Low levels of social development

Social development in the province is still considered low as manifested by the
major social indices like health & nutrition, education and social welfare. This could be
attributed to the high incidence of poverty which stood at 45.80 in 2006. The high poverty
incidence stemmed from the limited economic activities and inadequacy of support
programs and services especially in the remote barangays.
1.3.1 Health and Nutrition

Health services is still considered poor as manifested by the vital health indices.
Crude birth rate and crude death rates are increasing and still considered high at 19.31 and
3.13 respectively. Though maternal and child situation improved, magnitude is still high
at 8 and 27 registered maternal and infant deaths. Aside, malnutrition among preschoolers
still remains a health concern with a high rate at 8.38 or a total 2, 232 preschoolers that
are combined very low and low below normal weight.
On the other hand, pneumonia which is preventable persists to be among the top
five causes on infant, under five deaths and leading causes of diseases with rates of 63.45,
16.19 1nd 43.55 in that order. Likewise water-borne and sanitation related disease and
lifestyle and or degenerated diseases are also in the list of the leading causes of illnesses
in the province.
Sanitation situation is still considered poor as almost ½ (47%) or 6,648
households have no basic sanitary facilities (sanitary toilet and garbage disposal). Despite
the high proportion of households with access to safe water, still 4.43% or 1,602
households draw their water supply from doubtful sources like rivers and streams.
While it was noted that the overall vulnerability of the health sector in relation to
the impact of climate change is generally low in all the municipalities in the province,
there is a need to sustain the present interventions that is being implemented by
concerned agencies most especially on the preventive measures to include
environmental sanitation and community awareness on proper health care.
1.4.2 Education Services
The province exhibits a high literacy rate of 87.69, however education

performance show that education quality is still considered low. Cohort survival rate was
recorded at 59 and 56 in elementary and secondary respectively. This denotes that only 56
for every 100 who entered First Year have completed the secondary curriculum.Drop-out
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in secondary is also high at 5percent. Based on education planning service standard,

Kalinga is adequate on teacher and clasroom requirements but some public schools in
urban areas like Tabuk have big classes accommodating as high as 70 students in a class.
In addition, many schools still lack support facilities like libraries and information
technology equipment.
1.4.3 Housing
In terms of housing, the province has a housing backlog of 344 in 2000 based on
the standard ratio of one dwelling unit for every household. Also, 18.61% or 5,603
occupied housing units need major repair aside form the 166 (0.55%) dilapidated and
condemned ones.
1.4.4 Peace and Security
On incidence of crime and disorder, there were 2,597 drug personalities reported as of
October 2016. This problem of the society when not attended would result to the increase of
criminality, dysfunctional families and would even result to the increase of mental and physical
illnesses.
On Incidence of Physical Injurie, Data on criminality shows that physical injuries against
person stood at 249 while physical injuries on non-index crimes was 307. It has been observed
that injuries are often times due to drunkenness and under the influence of illegal drugs that
resulted to vehicular accidents. Consequences if not addressed would be increasing number of
physical injuries, traumatized and or fear among community populace and ultimately increase the
number of physical injuries.
Incidence of carnapping is seen at the municipalities of Balbalan, Rizal and Tabuk

City. It has been observed that this concern exists due to the presence of stolen
motorcycles/parts. Poverty and easy money are some causes of this issue. It is expected
that carnapping will increase if not attended.
There is reported incidence of rape in the province reaching to 31 cases as of

October 2016. These cases or rape occurred in five municipalities and the city of Tabuk
except in Lubuagan and Tinglayan. Most of the rape cases were found out to be under the
influence of illegal drugs and alcohol. In like manner, rape cases would increase and fear
among community populace when ignored.
Squatting, Land grabbing and presence of informal settlers. This problem is true in
all municipalities. Various reasons include greediness, hostile tribes, influx o to urban
centers overlapping of claims, abuse authority of some government officials, illegal
business, professional squatters and non-enforcement of zoning ordinance. This calls for
immediate attention of the concerned entities to halt this common problem.
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Other observed crimes include theft and robbery, cattle rustling and presence of
children in conflict with the law.
On conflict, there is a fear of retaliation due to incidence of tribal

conflict/unsettled tribal/clan disputes. While in the past years there is no occurrence of
tribal conflicts, there are still isolated unsettled tribal/clan conflicts. The consequence
where there are unresolved tribal/clan conflict would be that there is fear that at anytime
conflicts will be revived resulting to loss of lives and properties.
Presence of Insurgengy (For Updating)
a. Recruitment of Youth, Indigenous Peoples for Lawless Elements
While the insurgency issues in the province had been neutralized and with the
thrust of ceasefire with the rebel group, the possibility of insurgency related
attacks cannot be discounted because of misinformation and brainwashing where
the youth and indigenous peoples especially in the far flung areas maybe recruited
purposely to launch engagement against the government troops or to sow fears or
to agitate the populace.
1.4.5 Gender and Development Concerns (For Updating)
Organization-Focused
R.A. No. 7192 and Executive Order (E.O.) No. 273 mandate agencies, including
LGUs to institutionalize GAD in government by incorporating the GAD concerns in their
planning, programming and budgeting process but despite this mandate there are still
gender issues and concerns that seemed have not yet been addressed.. This is because of
the difficulty to generate and establish a sex disaggregated data base as basis in coming
out with a comprehensive analysis on Gender and Development.
The absence of this information is actually the main reason which caused the
failure of some LGUs/stakeholders to mainstream and institutionalize gad concerns,
problems/issues into their respective plans and budgets.
Aside, some stakeholders/service providers are not yet gender sensitive. More so,
some offices/workplaces are not yet gender-friendly in terms of facilities as revealed by
the non-observance of a separate comfort and/ or dressing rooms for men and women, no
breastfeeding room for nursing employees, child minding center, conjugal private room
for prisoners, absence of fully equipped crises center for women and children, separate
investigation room for women and children.
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It has also been observed that there is limited representation of women in existing
special bodies to include peace advocates/mediators and student councils.
Client-focused
As of April 2009 data, unemployment rate among females at 12.5 is higher than
that of male which is 6.3. This is attributed to the limited skills among women to engage
in income generating projects coupled with the stringent requirements of lending
institutions.
Multiple roles among women still prevail in the locality despite the continuing
efforts on the promotion of gender equality especially the concept of shared responsibility
in household management and in the entire development process.
In Kalinga most women are still confined to household chores and other extension
jobs like farming that in most cases are reasons on the low participation/representation of
women in decision making and community development resulting further to low self-
esteem.
The 2009 state of the local government report of Kalinga revealed that various
forms of violence against women exist in the province which includes two (2) children
engaged in prostitution, one maltreated and one rape victim.
Health statistics in 2009 reveal that there were more deaths among men than
women which recorded 435 and 298 respectively. Most of the recorded causes of deaths
among men are related to lifestyle diseases such as cardio vascular diseases, cancer,
hypertension, renal failure and /or kidney diseases. Death due to gunshot wounds is one
of the top leading causes of death. However, of the total deaths on women, eight were
related to child births. Contributory factor to this is the low compliance to either prenatal
(AP) or post natal (PP) care. Only 50.2% of the pregnant mothers visited the health
facilities for at least twice during their pregnancy while 68% post-partum women had
only one visit after giving birth. For the succeeding visits, they rather use their time for
any labor to augment the family’s daily needs.
The proportion of literates was higher among males (88.41) than for females
(86.92 percent). This could be attributed by the Kalinga culture that men are the bread
winner of the family thus men are given priority to pursue education.
1.5 Disaster and climate change threat and impact on spatial development:
1.5.1 Settlement/Built-up areas
1. Heavy rains in many areas will create flooding affecting economic activities,
damages to physical assets and even fatalities, injuries and illnesses.
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2. Decrease in rainfall will result to water shortage for domestic purposes

especially in urban areas
3. Drainage problem during heavy rains especially in lower parts of Tabuk City
and Rizal
4. Settlements constructed within slide, flood prone and along road right of ways
are prone to accidents
1.5.2 Production Areas

1. Incidence of pest and diseases due to changes in temperature and rainfall
2. Reduction in rainfall during the summer season will result in water
shortage/scarcity of irrigation water
3. Changes in temperature and rainfall intensity, frequency and distribution will
affect the growth and yield of climate sensitive crops and fruit trees.
4. Floods and strong winds brought by typhoons will damage crops and affect
their production
5. Drought will seriously affect crop production while heat stress will increase
mortality of poultry and livestock.
6. Changes in temperature and rainfall will trigger the spread of pests and
diseases of both plants and animals.
1.6 Need to improve development administration and management
1.6.1 Poor Revenue Generation
The province has a very limited revenue base and is very much dependent on its
IRA share to implement its development programs. Record shows that for the past four
years, 95 percent of the total income comes from IRA and only five percent is generated
from local source. The tax code is adopted and is operationalized but not strictly enforced.
Comparing the potential source of income versus the actual collections, it is generally
low. Real property taxes are low compared to the volume of real property assessment.
Sand and gravel and other quarry resources are not strictly monitored and taxed.
Businesses are not properly documented and monitored for taxation purposes. There are
untapped tourism potentials as sources of income. Fund sourcing is another area that the
province must pursue specially to fund projects requiring big budgets.
There is lack and weak enforcement of necessary laws, policies and ordinances to
enable and backed-up collections of all sources. The Provincial Revenue Code has been
adopted but not yet fully operationalized and enforced to effect proper charges/fees and
collection programs. The Provincial Environment Code has yet to be adopted as bases in
the collection of fees and charges in the extraction and utilization of quarry and other
natural resources. The Provincial Tourism Code is still on the process of amendment.
This is supposed to be for the management and administration of tourism potentials not
only for tax purposes but for the promotion of industry. The Administrative Code is yet to
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be prepared to govern accountable officers and improve the performance of collecting

officers. There are established standard systems and procedures however, they are not
properly implemented and enforced.
1.6.2 Weak Linkage of Approved Local Development Investments Plan to Budget
Planning and budgeting have been institutionalized in the province. They follow
very long rigorous and tedious process of prioritization by the different sectors. The
present practice however, deviate priorities from approved investment plans that at the
end of the planning period, assessment shows a very minimal accomplishments. Projects
or programs of greater economic impacts are sacrificed through re-alignments for reasons
of lack of funds and for political priorities. Walk-in resolutions are still prevalent and are
being accommodated due to political indebtedness. Supplemental budgeting does not
follow the normal planning process.
1.6.3 The Need to Enhance Efficiency and Effectiveness in Public Institutions.
There are structural flaws in the existing organization set up that affect the
performance of employees; hence great need to effect organizational re-structuring and
re-engineering of the province. Some offices are over-staffed while others are
undermanned. There are also structural flaws in the existing organization set up that
affect the performance of employees coupled with inadequate training, improper
placement and attitudinal differences.
There is also the existence of cultures and traditions which have an effect in the
kalinga way of life that has to be integrated to the formal system.
Information technology development is another area of concern. There were

initiatives in the past to install and establish the e-LGU to improve data banking in real
property assessment and tax collection; the e-Community Center to provide information
access for the public within and outside the province, the same did not prosper because
the education and training needed were not sustained.
Vertical and horizontal networking in all levels of government must be vigorously

pursued for convergence of programs and resources.
The province has a very limited revenue base and is very much dependent on its
IRA share to implement its development programs. Record shows that for the past three
years, almost 85 percent of the total income comes from IRA and only 15 percent is
generated from local sources. Comparing the potential source of income versus the actual
collections, it is generally low. Real property taxes are low compared to the volume of
real property assessment. Sand and gravel and other quarry resources are not strictly
monitored and taxed. Businesses are not properly documented and monitored for taxation
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purposes. There are untapped tourism potentials as sources of income. Fund sourcing is
another area that the province must pursue specially to fund projects requiring big budget.
1.7 Slow Recognition of Ancestral Domains/Lands of Indigenous Peoples of

Kalinga.
Ninety five (95) percent of the entire population of the province are Indigenous
peoples and occupy the majority portion of the entire land area of the province. Up to this
time these IPs are squatters in the land they are occupying. They are only given a
declaration paper for the use of land but no document of ownership of their lands.
Another challenge that affects the daily dynamics of economic and social
activities of the people is the issue on peace and order as we know that economic growth
flourish in a peaceful and conducive environment.
Peace and order condition in the province is affected by the culture-related

conflict, insurgency, squatting and incidence of common crimes.
1.8 Need to strengthen Institutional Capacity on Climate Change Adaption and

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
While the province has already organized its Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Council (PDRRMC) and was able to procure some support
equipments and rescue facilities, there is a need to strengthen coordination and
collaboration among the various stakeholders in order to maximize efforts and facilitate
implementation of interventions related disaater preparedness, mitigation and
rehabilitation measures.
On support policies, the province has enacted the Provincial Environment Code as
a major policy for environmental management however; its implementation at the
municipal and Barangay level has yet to be cascaded. The formulation of the Provincial
Tourism Code is also considered under this strategy inoder protect and safeguard the
development of potential tourism resources in the province.
There is also a need to fastrack the integration of disaster risk reduction and
climate change adaptation strategies, programs and zoning ordinances in the updating of
Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs) of 8 municipalities. As such, these zoning
ordinances should be strictly considered in the implementation of development projects
in moderate to high risk areas.
2 DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS
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2.1 Sustainable and proper use of land and resources
Specific Objectives:
1. To protect existing settlements from hazards
2. To restrict population movements to unsuitable areas
3. To address the concerns of local communities/IPs over tenure and
access to resources.
2.2 Improved environmental quality and sustainable supply of natural physical

resources.
1. To restore the provincial land balance ratio to standard level (60-forest,
40 other land uses.)
2. To restore quality of water bodies to standard level
3. To maintain air quality
2.3 Reduced adverse impacts damages due to climate change and natural
calamities
1. To establish communities resilient to calamities and climate change
2. To institutionalize policies and measures for the implementation of
disaster risk reduction and preparedness
2.4 Accelerated economic growth with diversified sources
1. To increase productivity levels in all productive sectors
2. To increase crop production, particularly, the Kalinga Coffee industry
to increase production volume of coffee green and the Heirloom Rice
industry to produce sufficient volume not only for domestic
consumption but for exportation
3. To increase market share of local products and services especially the
Robusta Coffee and Heirloom Rice being the identified priority
commodities in the province;
4. To improve agricultural-infra support and services facilities
5. To create a conducive environment for investment promotion
6. To develop and improve, promote eco-tourism potentials/products
7. To develop and mobilize idle lands for production
8. To increase viability of cooperatives
9. To improve business investment enabling and environment
10. To create employment and investment
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2.5 Efficient internal and external linkages/access
1. To improve internal and external transportation linkage
2. To provide and develop internal and external communication system
2.6 Improved levels of social development

1. Improved accessibility and availability of basic and essential health care
services for the people
2. Decreased infant deaths from 13.54 percent to 0 percent per 1000 live births
and maternal deaths from 45.13% to 0 percent per 100,000 livebirths
3. Improved nutritional status among preschoolers and schoolers
4. Decreased incidence of infectious, lifestyle and waterborne diseases
5. Improved environmental sanitation
- Increased proportion of households with access to safe water to 90 percent
- Increased proportion of households with access to sanitary toilets to 90
percent
6. Quality departmentalized hospitals
7. Improved education performance in elementary, junior high and senior high
schools including alternative learning systems (ALS)
8. Improved quality of child development services
9. To reduce the incidence of VAWC cases
10. To reduce the incidence of children in conflict with the law
11. Increased income among families
2.7 Good Governance

1. To harmonize planning, investment programming, budgeting and
expenditure management
2. To improve efficiency & effectiveness of all functionaries & strengthen
their inter relationships
3. Increase local revenues
2.8 Peace and Order and Public Safety
Specific Objectives
1. To reduce illegal drug pushers, users, peddlers and marijuana cultivators
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2. To reduce incidence of crime

3. To neutralize insurgency
4. To create employment
CHAPTER V
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, PROGRAMS, PROJECTS

AND ACTIVITIES
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1. SECTORAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
1.1 Intensification, diversification and integration of agricultural production
The low levels of agricultural productivity shall be addressed by increasing the

production yields per hectare through the promotion of sustainable technologies on
farming practices such as multi-cropping, contour farming, multi-layer cropping or
establishment of hedge rows of close growing crops, and composting of warm waste and
residues. The adaption of these sustainable farming practices will not only increase
production but will also help arrest soil degradation and erosion especially for sloping
areas.
This strategy also involves the expansion of production areas with the provision
of resource multipliers such as irrigation, farm to market roads and other infra support
facilities. Where it is applicable, Small Water Impounding Project (SWIP) and Small
Farm Reservoirs (SFR) will be established to provide irrigation water for agricultural
production especially in times of drought.
The province shall also aggressively promote the diversification of its agricultural
products into high value crops with potentials for processing. Likewise, efforts towards
the establishment of more agri-processing activities shall be pursued for value addition
and to generate employment opportunities.
With the objective of improving the Kalinga Coffee Industry and the Heirloom
Rice in the province, aggressive efforts to increase production of these priority
commodities, hence, the following strategies shall be pursued:
a) Increasing investment on quality high yielding coffee seedlings

b) Promotion of improved coffee production technology
c) Provision of entrepreneurial, financial management,and organizational
management trainings to organized coffee growers associations
d) Provision of support, technical assistance on processing, packaging and
branding
e) Strengthening local capacity to produce good and supply quality of heirloom
rice seeds at the right quantity, variety and time needed
f) Improvement of fertilizer management and application
g) Access to water resources and water management and saving technologies on
heirloom rice production
h) Enhance flow and quality of extension services and wider adoption of
sustainable and climate smart farming technologies and practices on heirloom
rice production
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i) Improve and upgrading of physical/infrastructure linkages to input,

production, processing and marketing segments of both the Robusta Coffee
and Heirloom Rice value chain development
j) Increasing the access to post harvest facilities specifically designed for
production of Robusta Coffee and Heirloom Rice
1.2 Institutionalization of crop insurance system as an important risk sharing

mechanism and to implement weather based insurance system
This is the ability to respond to the crop losses due to extreme weather events
attributed either to drought/lack of rain or excess of moisture/rainfall which are common
phenomenon in agriculture.
Crop insurance system shall be institutionalized and financed as public-private
partnership between the government, farmers and insurance industry. Government to
provide legal framework defining agricultural insurance as part of local agricultural
policy, co-financing the risk premium and administrative costs, risk carrier for
catastrophic losses. Farmers: financing part of the risk (insurance premium), retaining
part of the risk in form of a deductible or as a basis risk and applying site-specific and
sustainable production methods and techniques in order to minimize production risks and
for the Insurance industry as risk carrier, marketing and administration of insurance
policies, portfolio and product development, loss adjustment.
1.3 Development, Protection and Conservation of the Environment and Resources
A critical factor in the development of the province is water and its availability is
determined by the presence of trees in the forests. This strategy shall address the need to
preserve the existing forest cover and provide for an aggressive reforestation of denuded
areas.
This strategy also aims to establish new plantations of productive species on all
suitable forestry sites in the province. In view of the increasing frequency of extreme
phenomena, the shallow-rooted species shall be replaced by fast-growing, more resilient,
deeply rooted genotypes.
There is also a need to build linkages with peoples’ organizations similarly
concerned with environmental management, protection and development. Establishing
alliances and linkages with them will fortify the position of the people against the wanton
destruction of their natural resources base.
Critical to the strategy is the level of awareness of the vulnerable sectors on their
role on environmental protection and conservation. Educating them on their responsibility
in preserving the environment becomes important, it being an integral part of their way of
life. This can be pursued by using indigenous know-how alongside modern methods.
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Province of Kalinga
Responsible and judicious exploration and development of mineral, quarry and

renewable energy resources must be given a great deal. The IPRA provision of Free, Prior
and Informed Consent (FPIC) should always be followed in all development initiatives
relative to minerals, quarry and energy resources. Consultations in all government levels
should also be done and mitigation measures relative negative effects of mining should be
in place.
Provision of policies restricting settlement migration to watershed, protected and
hazardous areas must be strictly enforced.
1.4 Development and Promotion of Eco-Tourism Destination

This strategy will take off with the identification and packaging of potential
tourism products or destinations in coordination with the concerned community and local
government unit and with technical guidance from the DOT. In order to ensure
regulations for the development and promotion of tourism products, the province will also
consider the formulation and implementation of a tourism code. Likewise, IEC and
advocacy activities will be undertaken to create community awareness.
1.5 Promotion of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Hand in hand with the development and promotion of eco-tourism destination, is

the aggressive creation of a viable investment haven through strengthening access of
MSMEs to managerial, technological and financial support and partnership and
coordination with the MSMEs.
1.6 Expand, intensify and strengthen the delivery of basic social services
The province shall broaden the scope of the delivery of social services especially
to the marginalized sectors of the province and to the underserved or poorly served areas.
This shall include the provision and upgrading of the required social services support and
facilities. These can be materialized by the following initiatives:
1. Advocacy and social mobilization, public information is the best tool in letting the
authorities listen to people and let people listen to other people. Through this
approach, commitment and support from leaders could be generated as well as
motivates people involvement in community development.
2. Collaboration of efforts between and among all stakeholders to include
government entities, private sectors, community based organizations, the
community people, funding institutions from planning, programming to
monitoring and evaluation on related social services;
3. Optimum utilization of resources both financial and manpower through
convergence policy approach;
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4. Continuous upgrading of capabilities of health service providers that includes

recruitment and capacitation of manpower, strengthening community health
teams and barangay health workers
5. Provisision and upgrading of basic social welfare services facilities and
equipment with emphasis on the functionality of day care services to meet the
compliance to standard day care service at the same time strengthen the Violence
Against Women and Children (VAWC) Councils
6. Provision of quality education services through upgrading of education facilties
and equipment as well as continuous upgrading competencies among education
serve providers at the same time enhance child protection policy and anti-bullying
policy
7. Intensify nutrition education, diseases prevention and control
8. Provision of mental health services especially on rehabilitation centers for the
recovery drug dependents, victims of abuse
9. Provision of livelihood opportunities and creating job networks;
10. Gender and Development mainstreaming and institutionalization;
1.7 Institutionalization of Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation
1.Strengthening of the LGU capabilities on disaster management and strengthening

partnership with NGOs CSOs, POS and business sectors
2. Integrate disaster risk reduction into the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)
and
land use planning in all levels of local government units
3. Continuous advocacy on the impact of climate change and natural man-made
disters
1.8 Enhancement of people’s capability for local governance and administration

This strategy includes a capacity building for LGUs and promotion of people’s
participation in development planning and management. It also involves the
improvements on local revenue generation as well as adherence to to public management
guidelines.
1.9. Preservation of the Indigenous Cultural heritage

The traditional culture of the kalingas shall be preserved and enhanced not only
through the process of mainstreaming this culture in all aspect of local governance and
development, but also through its codification.
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1.10 Provision and improvement of Infrastructure Facilities and Utilities

To hasten the socio-economic growth of the province will continue to give priority
attention and invest massively on the expansion and improvement of high impact physical
infrastructures like roads and bridges, energization and communication development
projects.
Physical integration of all the barangays into the major road network,
interconnection of all the municipalities within the province, and with its neighboring
provinces in CAR and other regions shall be one of the major concerns to be pursued.
Stabilize road banks through engineering and vegetative methods and improve
drainage facilities shall be taken up.
1.11 Development of the identified urban growth centers

Aside from the City of Tabuk as the primary growth center, the municipalities of
Rizal and Pinukpuk should also be developed as secondary growth centers. This will
promote
dispersal of settlements and economic activities that are at present concentrated in Tabuk
City.
1.12 Ensure, preserve peace and security
Supporting the national thrust, the province will pursue for aggressive anti-drug
and and anti-insurgency campaign. Together with the unique Bodong System as a peace
mechanism, the five pillars of the justice system shall work hand in hand for an efficient
law enforcement administration,
2. DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS/PROJECTS
The overarching development program under the plan is “Project Pumiyaan”- a

poverty reduction program that aims to lead the province to graduate from the club of 20
poorest provinces in the country. It is a convergence approach in the delivery of services
and resources at the same time an approach in the prioritization of investment
programming and budgeting.
2.1 Agricultural Productivity Development
This program aims to enhance production and productivity level of resource-based

products of the province. It involves enhancement of agricultural extension services,
marketing system and provision of adequate and efficient agri-infra support facilities.
Specific programs include the following:
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Province of Kalinga
1. Crop Production Program

2. Livestock Production Program
3. Fishery Production Program
4. Cooperative Development Program
5. Agri-infra Support Facilities Program
6. Crop Insurance Coverage Program
2.2. Environment Protection and Natural Resources Development
This program involves community-based forest management, watershed

protection, flood control, water management, and natural resource management.
1. Reforestation/Agro Reforestation Program
2. Forest Management Program
3. Watershed Development Program
4. Mineral Resources Development Program
5. Waste Management Program
2.3 Human Resource Development

These are programs that cater to the delivery of the following services: health and
nutrition, education, social welfare services, water and sanitation and public employment
services. It includes the provision of adequate social infra facilities and gender and
development.
1. Health and Nutrition Program
2. Education Program
3. Social Welfare and Development Program
4. Gender and Development Program
2.4 Eco-Tourism and Cultural Development

This involves development of potential physical tourist attractions, promotion and
marketing, and provision of infra support facilities/services. The rich cultural heritage of
the province shall be harnessed for development purposes. Existing tourism activities like
the white water rafting, kayaking and trekking shall be strengthened.
1. Development of Tourist Attractions and Facilities Program

2. Cultural Enhancement Program
3. Promotion and Marketing Program
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Province of Kalinga
2.5 Resource-based Industry Development
Strengthening the One-Town-One-Product (OTOP) program and development of

rural industries like SMEs shall take place simultaneously with product development,
promotion and marketing
1. Product Development Program
2. Promotion and Marketing Program
3. Technology and Livelihood Development Program
2.6 Public Order and Safety

These are programs to provide a conducive environment for economic activities,
social services and other endeavors to take place. It includes the prevention and
management of common crimes, tribal related conflicts, juvenile delinquency,
insurgency, drugs, squatting and .
1. Anti-Illegal Campaign Program
2. Crime Prevention Program
3. Anti-Insurgency Programm
4. Bodong Enhancement Program
5. Livelihood Program
2.7 Infrastructure Development

Physical integration is the primarily aim of this program to ensure efficient
internal and external transportation and communication linkages.
1. Roads and Bridges
2. Communication development
3.
2.8 Institutional Development

This program includes revenue generation and fiscal management, capability
building in development administration, data and information management and
monitoring a\nd evaluation, organizational development and institutional infrastructures
support.
1. Oganizational Development
2. Revenue Generation and Fiscal Management
3. Planning and Budgeting
4. Data Information Management System
5. Local Economic Enterprise
6. Networking and Linkaging
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2.9 Power and Energy Development

The development of non-conventional sources of energy shall be pursued.
Expansion of power lines to un-energized areas and upgrading of existing distribution
lines to respond to the increasing demand for energy. In the long term is the establishment
of a local power corporation.
1. Mini and Micro hydro Development
2. Rural Electrification
3. Non-Conventional Energy Development
2.10 Livelihood and Technology Development Program.
The center of information for livelihood and technology programs shall be the
KTLDC. It will cater for livelihood assistance in terms of trainings and financial
assistance; product development and promotion, and marketing. This will include
networking and linkaging with national line agencies and offices involved in livelihood
programs.
2.11 Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Management Programs

This aims to strengthen institutional capacities of local disaster management
systems in the province and reduce the vulnerability of at risk communities and minimize
the loss of life, injury, human suffering and damage to property caused by natural
disasters.
Proposed interventions will include the following activities on Prevention and

Mitigation, Preparedness, Relief and Response and Rehabilitation and Recovery
2.11.1 Prevention and Mitigation
1. Conduct of risk assessment, vulnerability analysis, and other science-based
technology and methodology to enhance MLGU ecological profile, sectoral
studies and mainstream Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Activities/Climate Change Adaptation in Comprehensive Land Use Program
(CLUP) and Comprehensive Development Program (CDP) of 11
municipalities;
2. Consolidation, evaluation and integration of CBMS results (CCA part) into the
hazard maps and DRRM/CCA monitoring & evaluation system of the MLGUs;
3. Capability building (train, equip, organize, provide funding, sustain) on
mainstreaming DRRM/CCA in development planning, investment
programming/financing, and project evaluation and development;
4. Review and integrate DRRM/CCA into various environmental policies/local
ordinances, sectoral plans, programs and projects;
221
Province of Kalinga
5. Conduct of vulnerability analysis and risk assessment for critical facilities and
infrastructure at the municipality and barangay levels; and
6. Construction of mini-dams or embankments that will reduce/mitigate flood
risks;
7. Encourage LGU to consider preparation of Local Shelter Plan to address
housing needs due to population growth displaced household due to hazards
and calamities.
2.11.2 Preparedness
1. Conduct trainings on disaster preparedness and response, search, rescue and

retrieval operations;
2. Conduct simulation exercises at various levels to test plans and skills;
3. Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaign and information
sharing between LGUs/communities and the national government;
4. Development of standard operations manual for provincial and municipal
disaster operation centers;
5. Development and implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for
deployment, evacuation and coordination with rapid assessment teams;
6. Development and institutionalization of Early Warning System (EWS);
7. Development and conduct of regular review of contingency plans; and
8. Stockpiling and pre-positioning of basic emergency supplies.
2.11.3 Relief and Response
1. Provision of alternative livelihood relief or assistance to victims of disasters;

2. Provision of tents and other temporary shelter facilities;
3. Provision of food subsistence or relief goods to disaster victims; and
4. Emergency operations and Damage and Needs Assessment (DANA).
2.11.4 Rehabilitation and Recovery
1. Formulation of designs for the reconstruction of disaster-resilient houses and

facilities;
2. Construction/rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure and facilities and
construction and equipping of evacuation centers;
3. Conduct of trainings for social preparation of host communities and those that
will be relocated; and
4. Conduct of post conflict analysis and psycho-social rehabilitation to disaster
victims.
222

Kalinga PDPFP 2017-2022 - 1st Draft

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Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan (PDPFP), 2017-2022

1. Brief historical background of the province

2. Bases of the PDPFP and its Context

2.1 Objectives of the PDPFP

Specifically, it aims to achieve the following considerations:

 clear understanding of existing conditions in the province (SWOT) indicating

 a mutually reinforcing development program packages that will serve as inputs

 An integrated development framework for all local and sectoral development

2.2 Context of the PDPFP

2.2.1 Hierarchy of plans and linkages

The framework shown in Figure 1 illustrates the hierarchy of development plans,

Initial Screening and

The first column illustrates the hierarchy of development plans from

2.2.2 Planning Process

The PDPFP preparation follows JMC No. 2007-1 guidelines promoting

Proj ect Ev aluation

2.2.3 Key Policies and Legislative Mandates of the plan

Joint Memorandum Circular signed on 8 March 2007 harmonizes and

As an offshoot of the Circular, the National Economic & Development Authority

3. Coverage of the plan

3.1 Historical Coverage

The medium-term Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan

 provide an avenue to harmonize the incumbent’s and incoming local

3.2 Geographical coverage

3.3 Sectoral Coverage

Core Element Sector

4. Outline of the plan

The Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan outlines the

4.2 Planning Environment – provides analytical bases in the identification of

I. LOCATION, LAND AREA AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISION

II. POPULATION AND SETTLEMENTS

1. Population: Regional and National Context

APGR APGR Pop Pop

2. Provincial Population Size, Distribution

 Density and Urbanization

Area Estimated Estimated Add’l Popn

 Existing Settlement Pattern

It is observed however that as population increases, these dispersed settlement pattern

Kalinga 131 1,616 433 102,637 14,781 1 115,456 90,196

Kalinga 131 1,658 358 103,079 12,842 1 112,924 205,900

 Existing Hierarchy of Urban Centers

 Trend Hierarchy of Urban Centers

Pipe Water System

Fine Dining Restaurant

Agricultural Supplies Store

Water Delivery Service

News Publisher (Even Local)

Mobile Phone Connection

III. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1. Topography and Slope

Elevation (meters above sea level) Area (sq. km) % Distribution

 Geologic and Soil Features

Based on the Updated Climate Map

The dry season extends from

 Historical and Projected

Based on PAGASA data from 1971-

 Historical and Projected Rainfall

IV. NATURAL RESOURCES

Station Number ug/L mg/L Station Identification

Station Number mg/L Station Identification