Relationship between Self-esteem and Social Anxiety among

University Students
By
Memoona malik
Aamna Najaf Sultana
Alina Aslam
Siddiqa Bano
Summaries:

Group no. 2

Topic: Effects of emotional neglect on academic performance among children’s

Related article no. 1 “The effects of neglect on academic achievement and disciplinary

problems, a developmental perspective.”

Summary By:Aamna Najaf 1574

Child neglect is actually type of child maltreatment. Our lack of attention to this form

is referred as ‘neglect’. Children faces certain kinds of emotional neglects. This study has

described some ways and reasons for that neglect. It is any form of maltreatment by any adult

which is threatening or violent for the child, it can be emotional neglect or sexual

abuse.Childhood harassment refers to violent or other abusive actions by parents or other

caregivers, causing mental harm. It includes five aspects: emotional neglect, emotional abuse,

physical neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse.

The analysis with the 14 to 15 year olds revealed significant age byemotionalneglect status

interaction. Researchers hypothesized that emotional neglect led to learning deficits because

neglectful parents would be less likely to provide a stimulating environment for the child, read to

the child, supervise homework, and be involved in their child’s academic life. Neglect and

emotional abuse in junior high school students had the highest number of grade repetitions and

were significantly higher than either elementary school students for non-maltreated students, the

number of disciplinary referrals leveled off after junior high, but for neglected and abused/

neglected students, the number continued to increase through senior high. A main effect for

neglect status, indicated a significant difference in the number of suspensions for neglected in
each section, main effects are presented first, followed by findings for neglect status, and finally

the analyses for the split senior high groups.

Emotional Neglect has serious impact on children’s abilities to perform in school, whether it

occurs alone or in combination with other forms of maltreatment. Found that neglected students

in junior or senior high had many more suspensions than their non-maltreated counterparts.

Researchers concluded that neglected children had low self-esteem.

Summary by: Siddiqa Bano (1463)

Related article no 2: Relationship between Emotional Neglect of Parents and Children’s

Internalizing, Externalizing Behavior Problems and Academic Achievement

It is very important for every country and every society to nurture strong, intellectual and

healthy youth. It is now increasingly believed that parental emotional neglect leads to

internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in children and also delay in cognitive

development. According to a research by Positive Parenting Malaysia in 2014, it is claimed that

emotionally neglected children often exhibit some problematic or self-destructive social or

behavioral patterns such as anxiety and depression (internalizing behavior problems), temper

tantrums, destructive behavior, unwillingness to follow rules (externalizing behavior problems).

Research findings suggest that there is a very strong relationship between emotionally neglect of

parents and academic achievement of children. Children emotionally neglected by parents have

lowacademic achievement, have poor grades, more suspensions, more grade repetitions and this

all is linked with the behavior problems they face due to the emotional neglect.

Emotionally neglected children have difficulty paying attention in class because of the distorted

concentration which is caused by the emotional disturbance that they strugglewith and this
emotional pain due to the emotional neglect hampers their motivation to learn and gain

knowledge in the schooland this results in poor academic performance. In a study it is also found

that parental acceptance promotes high level of academic performance and parental rejection in

the form of emotional neglect promotes high level of externalizing behavior problems such as

aggression, impulsivity, criminality which further results in inability to focus properly in the

classroom in early adolescents. It is revealed through several studies that the more children are

emotionally neglected or the more they are deprived of parental care or warmth, the more lower

their academic performance becomes and it is because the intellectual development of children,

their capacity to learn new things, to gain and implement knowledge depends upon the quality of

interaction between the parent and child.

Topic: Effects of emotional neglect on academic performance among children.

Related article no 3: The impact of child Maltreatment on the educational and psychological

well-being of students.

Summary By: Alina Aslam 1456

Children maltreatment problems have been widely documented in the literature over the past

two decades. Millions of children from all over the world belonging from different

socioeconomic backgrounds of all ages, cultures, and religion are facing maltreatment each day

and many more are at risk. Child-maltreatment is a broad term which includes abuse or neglect

of children. In the United States, child maltreatment is considered as one of the country’s most

serious problems as it is responsible for mortality of many young children. This study focuses

that young children are more susceptible to child maltreatment as they are heavily dependent on

their caregivers. Research on the occurrence of child maladjustment is especially difficult when
school administration are unprepared to address such problems. Teachers are usually the first

persons to report such problems. Child maltreatment has negative impact on children in their all

areas of life including academic performance, psychological well-being.

Regarding educational performance child maltreatment has been linked with lower brain

functioning and academic achievement, lower level of school preparedness, and frequent

occurrence of problematic behavior in young children and adolescents. In this research, long

term academic achievement and intellectual outcomes of 413 children were examined who

remained the victim of child maltreatment were compared with 286 children from the control

group. The results showed that those children who were the victim of child maltreatment differ

significantly in IQ. In addition to this, many crucial differences were noted in their reading

abilities. Results have clearly shown that children who remained the victims of different types of

child maltreatment has shown even low achievement than a standardized national norm or

average performance.

Topic: Effects of emotional neglect on academic performance among children.

Related article no 3: Childhood Emotional Neglect and Adolescent Depression: Assessing the

Protective Role of Peer Social Support in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort

Link: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.681176/full

Summary By: Memoona Malik 1553

Childhood adversities have been shown to increase psychopathology risk, including

depression. However, the specific impact of childhood emotional neglect on later depression has
been understudied.At least one in five youth in the United States, the United Kingdom, and other

developed countries experience childhood adversities such as exposure to abuse, neglect, or other

major life stressors, which can considerably impact their socio-emotional, cognitive, and

physical development, while simultaneously increasing the long-term risk of mental health

difficulties.

Emotional neglect can be defined as caregivers' persistent disregard of children's emotional

needs, including failure to provide comfort when a child becomes scared or distressed. However,

few studies have focused specifically on childhood emotional neglect with regards to its impact

on depression risk in late adolescence, a vulnerable developmental stage when the risk of

developing depression is particularly high and when the prevalence of depression has increased

substantially over the past decade.

It was observed, higher levels of emotional neglect were associated with increased

depressive symptoms at 18. Conversely, strong peer social support was associated with reduced

depressive symptoms, though no significant interaction with emotional neglect was detected.

Although childhood emotional neglect is a risk factor for later depression, our results suggest

that strong peer social support at age 15 may generally reduce the risk of depressive symptoms

by the time children reach late adolescence. Fostering strong peer support in youth may help

offset depression risk for all youth, even among those who have experienced emotional neglect.

To date, limited research has focused specifically on the influences of childhood emotional

neglect on mental health outcomes. Emotional neglect is less overt than other forms of

maltreatment, such as physical abuse, making it a relatively challenging construct to assess.