S7jbib B en-US

Security information 1
Block parameters EN, ENO,

SAMPLE_T 2
Startup on S7-300 CPUs 3
SIMATIC CFC blocks 4
Logic blocks of the data type
BOOL 5
Process Control System PCS 7 Logic blocks of the data type
Help on CFC Elementary Blocks WORD and DWORD 6
Blocks for comparing two
input values of the same type 7
Blocks for converting data
Programming and Operating Manual types 8
Arithmetic blocks of the data
type REAL 9
Arithmetic blocks of the data
type INT and DINT 10
Flip-flop blocks 11
Shift blocks 12
Multiplexer blocks 13
Counter blocks 14
Blocks for generating or
processing pulses 15
Blocks for acquiring or
processing time intervals and 16
timebases
Control blocks 17
System function blocks
(SFBs) 18
Blocks for AS-wide
connections 19
"@SYSTEM" block family 20
Appendix 21
05/2017
A5E41367261-AA
Legal information
Warning notice system
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damage to property. The notices referring to your personal safety are highlighted in the manual by a safety alert
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graded according to the degree of danger.
DANGER
indicates that death or severe personal injury will result if proper precautions are not taken.
WARNING
indicates that death or severe personal injury may result if proper precautions are not taken.
CAUTION
indicates that minor personal injury can result if proper precautions are not taken.
NOTICE
indicates that property damage can result if proper precautions are not taken.
If more than one degree of danger is present, the warning notice representing the highest degree of danger will be
used. A notice warning of injury to persons with a safety alert symbol may also include a warning relating to property
damage.
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The product/system described in this documentation may be operated only by personnel qualified for the specific
task in accordance with the relevant documentation, in particular its warning notices and safety instructions. Qualified
personnel are those who, based on their training and experience, are capable of identifying risks and avoiding
potential hazards when working with these products/systems.
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Note the following:
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Since variance cannot be precluded entirely, we cannot guarantee full consistency. However, the information in
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Siemens AG A5E41367261-AA Copyright © Siemens AG 2017.

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Table of contents
1 Security information......................................................................................................................................9
2 Block parameters EN, ENO, SAMPLE_T...................................................................................................11
3 Startup on S7-300 CPUs............................................................................................................................13
4 CFC blocks.................................................................................................................................................15
5 Logic blocks of the data type BOOL...........................................................................................................17
5.1 BIT_LGC................................................................................................................................17
5.2 AND: AND operation..............................................................................................................18
5.3 OR: OR operation..................................................................................................................19
5.4 XOR: Exclusive-OR operation................................................................................................20
5.5 NAND: NAND operation.........................................................................................................21
5.6 NOR: NOR operation.............................................................................................................22
5.7 NOT: NOT operation..............................................................................................................23
6 Logic blocks of the data type WORD and DWORD....................................................................................25
6.1 WRD_LGC.............................................................................................................................25
6.2 WAND_W: Word AND operation............................................................................................26
6.3 WOR_W: Word OR operation................................................................................................27
6.4 WXOR_W: Word exclusive-OR operation..............................................................................28
6.5 WNAND_W: Word AND operation.........................................................................................29
6.6 WNOR_W: Word NOR operation...........................................................................................30
6.7 WNOT_W: Word NOT operation............................................................................................31
6.8 WAND_DW: Double word AND operation..............................................................................32
6.9 WOR_DW: Double word OR operation..................................................................................33
6.10 WXOR_DW: Double word exclusive-OR operation................................................................34
6.11 WNAND_DW: Double word NAND operation........................................................................35
6.12 WNOR_DW: Double word NOR operation.............................................................................36
6.13 WNOT_DW: Double word NOT operation..............................................................................37
7 Blocks for comparing two input values of the same type............................................................................39
7.1 COMPARE.............................................................................................................................39
7.2 CMP_I: Comparator for INT values........................................................................................40
7.3 CMP_DI: Comparator for DINT values...................................................................................41
7.4 CMP_R: Comparator for REAL values...................................................................................42
Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

Programming and Operating Manual, 05/2017, A5E41367261-AA 3
Table of contents
7.5 CMP_T: Comparator for TIME values....................................................................................43

8 Blocks for converting data types.................................................................................................................45
8.1 CONVERT..............................................................................................................................45
8.2 BY_DW...................................................................................................................................47
8.3 BY_W.....................................................................................................................................48
8.4 DI_DW....................................................................................................................................49
8.5 DI_I.........................................................................................................................................50
8.6 DI_R.......................................................................................................................................51
8.7 DW_DI....................................................................................................................................52
8.8 DW_R.....................................................................................................................................53
8.9 DW_W....................................................................................................................................54
8.10 I_DI.........................................................................................................................................55
8.11 I_DW......................................................................................................................................56
8.12 I_R..........................................................................................................................................57
8.13 I_W.........................................................................................................................................58
8.14 R_DI.......................................................................................................................................59
8.15 R_DW.....................................................................................................................................60
8.16 R_I..........................................................................................................................................61
8.17 W_BY.....................................................................................................................................62
8.18 W_DW....................................................................................................................................63
8.19 W_I.........................................................................................................................................64
8.20 BO_BY...................................................................................................................................65
8.21 BO_W.....................................................................................................................................66
8.22 BO_DW..................................................................................................................................67
8.23 BY_BO...................................................................................................................................68
8.24 W_BO.....................................................................................................................................69
8.25 DW_BO..................................................................................................................................70
9 Arithmetic blocks of the data type REAL....................................................................................................71
9.1 MATH_FP...............................................................................................................................71
9.2 ADD_R: Addition of REAL values..........................................................................................72
9.3 SUB_R: Subtraction of REAL values.....................................................................................73
9.4 MUL_R: Multiplication of REAL values...................................................................................74
9.5 DIV_R: Division of REAL values............................................................................................75
9.6 MAXn_R: Maximum of REAL values......................................................................................76
9.7 MINn_R: Minimum of REAL values........................................................................................77

4 Programming and Operating Manual, 05/2017, A5E41367261-AA
Table of contents
9.8 ABS_R: Absolute value of REAL values................................................................................78

9.9 SQRT: Square root................................................................................................................79
9.10 EXP: Exponential function......................................................................................................80
9.11 POW10: Power-of-10 function...............................................................................................81
9.12 LN: Natural logarithm.............................................................................................................82
9.13 LOG10: Base-10 logarithm....................................................................................................83
9.14 SIN: Sin function....................................................................................................................84
9.15 COS: Cos function.................................................................................................................85
9.16 TAN: Tan function..................................................................................................................86
9.17 ASIN: Arc sin function............................................................................................................87
9.18 ACOS: Arc cos function.........................................................................................................88
9.19 ATAN: Arc tan function...........................................................................................................89
9.20 NEG_R: Inverter for REAL values..........................................................................................90
9.21 LIM_R: Limiter of REAL values..............................................................................................91
9.22 EPS_R: Accuracy approximation...........................................................................................92
9.23 CADD_R: Controllable adder of REAL values.......................................................................93
9.24 POWXY: General power function...........................................................................................94
9.25 SAMP_AVE: Floating average value......................................................................................95
10 Arithmetic blocks of the data type INT and DINT.......................................................................................97
10.1 MATH_INT.............................................................................................................................97
10.2 ADD_I: Addition of INT values................................................................................................99
10.3 SUB_I: Subtraction of INT values.........................................................................................100
10.4 MUL_I: Multiplication of INT values......................................................................................101
10.5 DIV_I: Division of INT values................................................................................................102
10.6 MOD_I: Modulo function of INT values................................................................................103
10.7 MAXn_I: Maximum of INT values.........................................................................................104
10.8 MINn_I: Minimum of INT values...........................................................................................105
10.9 ABS_I Absolute value of INT values....................................................................................106
10.10 NEG_I: Inverter for INT values.............................................................................................107
10.11 LIM_I: Limiter for INT values................................................................................................108
10.12 EPS_I: Accuracy approximation of INT values.....................................................................109
10.13 CADD_I: Controllable adder of INT values...........................................................................110
10.14 ADD_DI: Addition of DINT values........................................................................................111
10.15 SUB_DI: Subtraction of DINT values...................................................................................112
10.16 MUL_DI: Multiplication of DINT............................................................................................113

Table of contents
10.17 DIV_DI: Division of DINT values..........................................................................................114

10.18 MOD_DI: Modulo function of DINT values...........................................................................115
10.19 MAXn_DI: Maximum of DINT values....................................................................................116
10.20 MINn_DI: Minimum of DINT values......................................................................................117
10.21 ABS_DI: Absolute value of DINT values..............................................................................118
10.22 NEG_DI: Inverter for DINT values........................................................................................119
10.23 LIM_DI: Limiter for DINT values...........................................................................................120
10.24 EPS_DI: Accuracy approximation of DINT values...............................................................121
10.25 CADD_DI: Controllable adder of DINT values.....................................................................122
11 Flip-flop blocks..........................................................................................................................................123
11.1 FLIPFLOP............................................................................................................................123
11.2 JK_FF: JK flip-flop................................................................................................................124
11.3 RS_FF: RS flip-flop, reset dominant.....................................................................................125
11.4 SR_FF: SR flip-flop, set dominant........................................................................................126
12 Shift blocks...............................................................................................................................................127
12.1 SHIFT...................................................................................................................................127
12.2 SHL_W: WORD shift left......................................................................................................128
12.3 SHL_DW: DWORD shift left.................................................................................................129
12.4 SHR_W: WORD shift right...................................................................................................130
12.5 SHR_DW: DWORD shift right..............................................................................................131
12.6 ROL_W: WORD rotate left...................................................................................................132
12.7 ROL_DW: DWORD rotate left..............................................................................................133
12.8 ROR_W: WORD rotate right................................................................................................134
12.9 ROR_DW: DWORD rotate right...........................................................................................135
13 Multiplexer blocks.....................................................................................................................................137
13.1 MULTIPLX............................................................................................................................137
13.2 MUXn_I: Multiplexer 1 of n for INT values............................................................................138
13.3 MUXn_DI: Multiplexer 1 of n for DINT values......................................................................139
13.4 MUXn_R: Multiplexer 1 of n for REAL values......................................................................140
13.5 MUXn_BO: Multiplexer 1 of n for BOOL values...................................................................141
13.6 SEL_BO: Multiplexer 1 of 2 for BOOL values......................................................................142
13.7 SEL_R: Multiplexer 1 of 2 for REAL values..........................................................................143
14 Counter blocks..........................................................................................................................................145
14.1 COUNTER...........................................................................................................................145
14.2 CTU: Up-counter..................................................................................................................146

Table of contents
14.3 CTD: Down-counter.............................................................................................................148

14.4 CTUD: Up/down-counter......................................................................................................149
15 Blocks for generating or processing pulses..............................................................................................151
15.1 PULSE.................................................................................................................................151
15.2 TIMER_P: Pulse generator..................................................................................................152
15.3 R_TRIG: Detection of the rising edge..................................................................................155
15.4 F_TRIG: Detection of the falling edge..................................................................................156
15.5 AFP: Clock...........................................................................................................................157
16 Blocks for acquiring or processing time intervals and timebases.............................................................159
16.1 TIME.....................................................................................................................................159
16.2 TIME: Measures the execution time.....................................................................................160
16.3 TIME_BEG: Outputs the current time of day........................................................................161
16.4 TIME_END: Compares the input time with the actual time..................................................162
17 Control blocks...........................................................................................................................................163
17.1 CONTROL............................................................................................................................163
17.2 CONT_C...............................................................................................................................164
17.2.1 CONT_C: Continuous-action controller................................................................................164
17.2.2 CONT_C: Block diagram......................................................................................................169
17.3 CONT_S...............................................................................................................................170
17.3.1 CONT_S: Step controller......................................................................................................170
17.3.2 CONT_S: Block diagram......................................................................................................174
17.4 PULSEGEN..........................................................................................................................175
17.4.1 PULSEGEN: Pulse duration modulation for PID controller..................................................175
17.4.2 PULSEGEN: Block diagram.................................................................................................180
17.4.3 PULSEGEN: Three-step control..........................................................................................180
17.4.4 PULSEGEN: Three-step control, asymmetrical...................................................................181
17.4.5 PULSEGEN: Two-step control.............................................................................................182
17.4.6 PULSEGEN: Manual operation in two- or three-step control...............................................182
18 System function blocks (SFBs).................................................................................................................185
18.1 EVENT: Start of the priority class.........................................................................................185
18.2 DELAY.................................................................................................................................186
18.3 DELAY: Delaying the start event..........................................................................................187
18.4 EDELAY: Enable signal for delayed start events.................................................................188
18.5 DISCARD: All arising start events are discarded.................................................................189
18.6 EDISCARD: Enable signal for all new start events..............................................................190
18.7 LASTERR: Determining the error code in DELAY, EDELAY, DISCARD,
EDISCARD,P_REASON......................................................................................................191
18.8 SYSTIME: Determines the system time...............................................................................192

Table of contents
18.9 P_REASON: Determining the cause of the process interrupt..............................................193

18.10 FRC_CFC: Internal Block.....................................................................................................194
19 Blocks for AS-wide connections...............................................................................................................195
19.1 IK_STATE............................................................................................................................195
19.2 IK_MANAG...........................................................................................................................197
19.3 IK_SEND..............................................................................................................................198
19.4 IK_RCV................................................................................................................................199
19.5 IK_CP_OU............................................................................................................................200
19.6 IK_CP_IN..............................................................................................................................201
19.7 IK_ALARM............................................................................................................................202
20 "@SYSTEM" block family.........................................................................................................................203
20.1 PA_CPU: Monitoring block for license information...............................................................203
21 Appendix...................................................................................................................................................205
21.1 Manual-value processing.....................................................................................................205
21.2 Pulse-duration modulation...................................................................................................206
21.3 Process variable branch.......................................................................................................207
21.4 Characteristic with bipolar range of manipulated values......................................................208
21.5 Characteristic with unipolar range of manipulated values....................................................209
21.6 PI step algorithm..................................................................................................................210
21.7 PID algorithm.......................................................................................................................211
21.8 Error signal...........................................................................................................................212
21.9 Setpoint branch....................................................................................................................213
21.10 Manipulated-value processing.............................................................................................214
21.11 Disturbance variable input....................................................................................................215
21.12 Symmetrical characteristic for three-step controller.............................................................216
21.13 Asymmetrical characteristic for three-step controller...........................................................217
Index.........................................................................................................................................................219

Security information 1
Siemens provides products and solutions with industrial security functions that support the
secure operation of plants, systems, machines, and networks.
In order to protect plants, systems, machines and networks against cyber threats, it is
necessary to implement – and continuously maintain – a holistic, state-of-the-art industrial
security concept. Siemens’ products and solutions only form one element of such a concept.
Customer is responsible to prevent unauthorized access to its plants, systems, machines and
networks. Systems, machines and components should only be connected to the enterprise
network or the internet if and to the extent necessary and with appropriate security measures
(e.g. use of firewalls and network segmentation) in place.
Additionally, Siemens’ guidance on appropriate security measures should be taken into
account. You can find more information about industrial security by visiting:
http://www.siemens.com/industrialsecurity.
Siemens’ products and solutions undergo continuous development to make them more secure.
Siemens strongly recommends to apply product updates as soon as available and to always
use the latest product versions. Use of product versions that are no longer supported, and
failure to apply latest updates may increase customer’s exposure to cyber threats.
To stay informed about product updates, subscribe to the Siemens Industrial Security RSS
Feed under
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Security information

Block parameters EN, ENO, SAMPLE_T 2
EN
EN (enable): Enable input.
The input exists only in the graphical interface of CFC however it is switched to hidden. You
can use the enable input to enable/disable block processing. It ensures that the block is only
called in the task code at AS level if it has been enabled via EN = 1.
ENO
ENO: ENO is the same as BR (Binary Result - refer to the STEP 7 documentation).
ENO = 1 shows a valid result as appropriate to the function. When the operating system and/
or the error-handling routine detects an error in the block program, ENO will be set to 0 to
indicate an invalid result. You can use this information in order to switch to other values (e.g.,
safety values) and to output messages to the OS as required.
If EN = FALSE, then ENO = FALSE.
SAMPLE_T
All blocks with the input parameter SAMPLE_T must be processed in temporally equidistant
tasks, e.g. OB 35: Watchdog interrupt 100 ms. If they are implemented in acyclic tasks, e.g.,
process alarms, these blocks will return incorrect results

Block parameters EN, ENO, SAMPLE_T

Startup on S7-300 CPUs 3
Startup
As it is not possible for S7-300 CPU restarts to be detected automatically, memory word 0
(MW0) is used as a startup bit memory word in startup blocks (blocks included in ELEM_300).
This memory word must not, therefore, be modified in the user program.
In order to ensure a proper restart, you must insert the RESTART (FC 70) function into a CFC
chart once for each S7-300 CPU.
Procedure:
1. Open the process editor with the menu command Edit > Process Sequence or via the icon
in the toolbar.
2. Position the RESTART block at the beginning of OB 100.
3. Delete the RESTART block in the cyclic task (default: OB 35)
the block will only still be called in OB 100.

Startup on S7-300 CPUs

CFC blocks 4
The following CFC block families are available:
Family Purpose
BIT_LGC (Page 17) Logic blocks of the data type BOOL
WRD_LGC Logic blocks of the data type WORD and DWORD
(Page 25)
COMPARE Blocks for comparing two input values of the same type
(Page 39)
CONVERT Blocks for converting data types
(Page 45)
MATH_FP (Page 71) Arithmetic blocks of the data type REAL
MATH_INT Arithmetic blocks of the data type INT and DINT
(Page 97)
FLIPFLOP Flip-flop blocks
(Page 123)
SHIFT (Page 127) Shift blocks
MULTIPLX Multiplexer blocks
(Page 137)
COUNTER Count blocks
(Page 145)
PULSE (Page 151) Blocks for generating or processing pulses
TIME (Page 159) Blocks for acquiring or processing time intervals and timebases
CONTROL Closed-loop-control blocks
(Page 163)
EVENT: Start of the Blocks for system functions
priority class
(Page 185)
Blocks for AS-wide Blocks for AS-wide connections
connections
(Page 195)
You will find information on the ALARM_8P, BSEND and BRCV blocks in the online help for
PCS 7 Standard Library.
Note
The initial value at the output of the CFC blocks is "1", regardless of the values at the inputs.
This means the following logic is supplied with "1" as long as the block is not processed.

CFC blocks

Logic blocks of the data type BOOL 5
5.1 BIT_LGC
CFC blocks of the "BIT_LGC" family

In this family we have implemented the following blocks with which logic combinations can be
implemented:
AND: AND operation AND operation

(Page 18)
OR: OR operation OR operation
(Page 19)
XOR: Exclusive-OR opera‐ Exclusive-OR operation
tion (Page 20)
NAND: NAND operation NAND operation
(Page 21)
NOR: NOR operation NOR operation
(Page 22)
NOT: NOT operation NOT operation
(Page 23)

Logic blocks of the data type BOOL
5.2 AND: AND operation
5.2 AND: AND operation
Function
This block generates logic AND operations at inputs. The output is 1 if all inputs are 1.
Otherwise, the output is 0. The number of "IN" inputs at the block can be modified.
Truth table (example of n = 2)
IN1 IN2 OUT

0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
I/Os
Name Data type Default setting

Inputs IN1 BOOL 1
IN2 BOOL 1
... ...
INn BOOL 1
Output OUT BOOL 1

5.3 OR: OR operation
5.3 OR: OR operation
Function
This block generates logic OR operations at inputs. The output is 1 if at least one input is 1. If
all inputs are 0, the output is 0. The number of "IN" inputs at the block can be modified.
IN1 IN2 OUT

0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
I/Os

Inputs IN1 BOOL 0
IN2 BOOL 0
... ...
INn BOOL 0
Output OUT BOOL 0

5.4 XOR: Exclusive-OR operation
5.4 XOR: Exclusive-OR operation
Function
This block generates logic exclusive-OR operations at inputs. The output is 0 if all inputs have
the same value. Otherwise, the output is 1. The number of "IN" inputs at the block can be
modified.
IN1 IN2 OUT

0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
I/Os

Inputs IN1 BOOL 0
IN2 BOOL 0
... ...
INn BOOL 0
Output OUT BOOL 0

5.5 NAND: NAND operation
5.5 NAND: NAND operation
Function
This block generates and inverts logic AND operations at inputs. The output is 0 if all inputs
are 1. The number of "IN" inputs at the block can be modified.
IN1 IN2 OUT

0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
I/Os

Inputs IN1 BOOL 1
IN2 BOOL 1
... ...
INn BOOL 1
Output OUT BOOL 0

5.6 NOR: NOR operation
5.6 NOR: NOR operation
Function
This block generates and inverts OR logic operations at inputs. The output is 1 if all inputs are
0. The number of "IN" inputs at the block can be modified.
IN1 IN2 OUT

0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
I/Os

Inputs IN1 BOOL 0
IN2 BOOL 0
... ...
INn BOOL 0
Output OUT BOOL 1

5.7 NOT: NOT operation
Function
This block inverts the input.
Truth table
IN OUT
0 1
1 0
I/Os

Input IN BOOL 0
Output OUT BOOL 1


Logic blocks of the data type WORD and DWORD 6
6.1 WRD_LGC
CFC blocks of the "WRD_LGC" family

This family contains the following word logic blocks for the data types WORD and DWORD:
WAND_W: Word AND opera‐ Word AND operation

tion (Page 26)
AUTOHOTSPOT Double word AND operation
WOR_W: Word OR operation Word OR operation
(Page 27)
AUTOHOTSPOT Double word OR operation
WXOR_W: Word exclusive- Word exclusive-OR operation
OR operation (Page 28)
AUTOHOTSPOT Double word exclusive-OR operation
WNAND_W: Word AND oper‐ Word NAND operation
ation (Page 29)
AUTOHOTSPOT Double word NAND operation
WNOR_W: Word NOR opera‐ Word NOR operation
tion (Page 30)
AUTOHOTSPOT Double word NOR operation
AUTOHOTSPOT Word NOT operation
WNOT_DW: Double word Double word NOT operation
NOT operation (Page 37)

Logic blocks of the data type WORD and DWORD
6.2 WAND_W: Word AND operation
6.2 WAND_W: Word AND operation
Function
This block generates word logic AND operations at inputs. All input bits of the same significance
are logically linked by AND; the result is written to the corresponding output bit. The number
of "IN" inputs at the block can be modified.
Example (two inputs)
IN1 2# 1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_1 1 0 1

IN2 2# 1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_0 0 1 1_0 0 0 0_0 0 1 1
OUT 2# 1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_0 0 1 1_0 0 0 0_0 0 0 1
I/Os

Inputs IN1 WORD 0
IN2 WORD 0
...
Output OUT WORD 0

6.3 WOR_W: Word OR operation
6.3 WOR_W: Word OR operation
Function
This block generates word logic OR operations at inputs. All input bits of the same significance
are logically linked by OR and the result is written to the corresponding output bit. The number
of "IN" inputs at the block can be modified.
IN1 2# 1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_1 1 0 1

IN2 2# 1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_0 0 1 1_0 0 0 0_0 0 1 1
OUT 2# 1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_1 1 1 1
I/Os

Inputs IN1 WORD 0
IN2 WORD 0
...
Output OUT WORD 0

6.4 WXOR_W: Word exclusive-OR operation
6.4 WXOR_W: Word exclusive-OR operation
Function
This block generates word logic exclusive-OR operations at inputs. All input bits of the same
significance are logically linked by exclusive-OR and the result is written to the corresponding
output bit. The bit is 0 if all input bits of the same significance have the same value. Otherwise
the bit is 1. The number of "IN" inputs at the block can be modified.
IN1 2# 1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_1 1 0 1

IN2 2# 1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_0 0 1 1_0 0 0 0_0 0 1 1
OUT 2# 0 0 0 0_0 0 0 0_1 1 0 0_0 0 0 0_1 1 1 0
I/Os

Inputs IN1 WORD 0
IN2 WORD 0
...
Output OUT WORD 0

6.5 WNAND_W: Word AND operation
6.5 WNAND_W: Word AND operation
Function
This block generates word logic NOT AND operations at inputs. All input bits of the same
significance are logically linked by AND, inverted and the result is written to the corresponding
output bit. The number of "IN" inputs at the block can be modified.
IN1 2# 1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_1 1 0 1

IN2 2# 1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_0 0 1 1_0 0 0 0_0 0 1 1
OUT 2# 0 0 0 0_1 1 1 1_1 1 0 0_1 1 1 1_1 1 1 0
I/Os

Inputs IN1 WORD 0
IN2 WORD 0
...
Output OUT WORD 0

6.6 WNOR_W: Word NOR operation
6.6 WNOR_W: Word NOR operation
Function
This block generates word logic NOT OR operations at inputs. All input bits of the same
significance are logically linked by OR. The result is then inverted and written to the
corresponding output bit. The number of "IN" inputs at the block can be modified.
IN1 2# 1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_1 1 0 1

IN2 2# 1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_0 0 1 1_0 0 0 0_0 0 1 1
OUT 2# 0 0 0 0_1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0
I/Os

Inputs IN1 WORD 0
IN2 WORD 0
Output OUT WORD 0

6.7 WNOT_W: Word NOT operation
6.7 WNOT_W: Word NOT operation
Function
This block inverts the input word. Each bit of the input is inverted and written to the output bit
of the corresponding significance.
Example
IN 2# 1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_1 1 0 1

OUT 2# 0 0 0 0_1 1 1 1_0 0 0 0_1 1 1 1_0 0 1 0
I/Os

Input IN WORD 0
Output OUT WORD 1

6.8 WAND_DW: Double word AND operation
6.8 WAND_DW: Double word AND operation
Function
This block generates DWORD logic AND operations at inputs. All input bits of the same
significance are logically linked by AND; the result is written to the corresponding output bit.
The number of "IN" inputs at the block can be modified.
Example (same as WAND_W, extended to 32 bits)
I/Os

Inputs IN1 DWORD 0
IN2 DWORD 0
Output OUT DWORD 0

6.9 WOR_DW: Double word OR operation
6.9 WOR_DW: Double word OR operation
Function
This block generates DWORD logic OR operations at inputs. All input bits of the same
significance are logically linked by OR and the result is written to the corresponding output bit.
The number of "IN" inputs at the block can be modified.
Example (same as WOR_W, extended to 32 bits)
I/Os

Inputs IN1 DWORD 0
IN2 DWORD 0
Output OUT DWORD 0

6.10 WXOR_DW: Double word exclusive-OR operation
6.10 WXOR_DW: Double word exclusive-OR operation
Function
This block generates DWORD logic exclusive-OR operations at inputs. All input bits of the
same significance are logically linked by exclusive-OR and the result is written to the
corresponding output bit. The bit is 0 if all input bits of the same significance have the same
value. Otherwise the bit is 1. The number of "IN" inputs at the block can be modified.
Example (same as WXOR_W, extended to 32 bits)
I/Os

Inputs IN1 DWORD 16#0
IN2 DWORD 16#0
Output OUT DWORD 16#00000000

6.11 WNAND_DW: Double word NAND operation
6.11 WNAND_DW: Double word NAND operation
Function
This block generates DWORD logic NOT AND operations at inputs. All input bits of the same
significance are logically linked by AND, inverted and the result is written to the corresponding
output bit. The number of "IN" inputs at the block can be modified.
Example (same as WNAND_W, extended to 32 bits)
I/Os

Inputs IN1 DWORD 0
IN2 DWORD 0
Output OUT DWORD 0

6.12 WNOR_DW: Double word NOR operation
6.12 WNOR_DW: Double word NOR operation
Function
This block generates DWORD logic NOT OR operations at inputs. All input bits of the same
significance are logically linked by OR. The result is then inverted and written to the
corresponding output bit. The number of "IN" inputs at the block can be modified.
Example (same as WNOR_W, extended to 32 bits)
I/Os

Inputs IN1 DWORD 0
IN2 DWORD 0
Output OUT DWORD 0

6.13 WNOT_DW: Double word NOT operation
Function
This block inverts the input word. Each bit of the input is inverted and written to the output bit
of the corresponding significance.
Example (same as WNOT_W, extended to 32 bits)
I/Os

Input IN DWORD 0
Output OUT DWORD 1


Blocks for comparing two input values of the same type 7
7.1 COMPARE
CFC blocks of the "COMPARE" family

This family contains blocks for comparing two input variables:
CMP_I: Comparator for Comparator for INT values

INT values (Page 40)
CMP_DI: Comparator Comparator for DINT values
for DINT values
(Page 41)
CMP_R: Comparator for Comparator for REAL values
REAL values (Page 42)
CMP_T: Comparator for Comparator for TIME values
TIME values (Page 43)

Blocks for comparing two input values of the same type
7.2 CMP_I: Comparator for INT values
7.2 CMP_I: Comparator for INT values
Function
This block compares two input variables and sets the outputs as follows:
GT = 1 if IN1 > IN2
GE = 1 if IN1 ≥ IN2,
EQ = 1 if IN1 = IN2
LE = 1 if IN1 ≤ IN2
LT = 1 if IN1 < IN2
I/Os
Name Data type Description Default setting

Inputs IN1 INT Input variable 1 0
IN2 INT Input variable 2 0
Outputs GT BOOL 1, IN1 > IN2 0
GE BOOL 1, IN1 ≥ IN2 0
EQ BOOL 1, IN1 = IN2 0
LE BOOL 1, IN1 ≤ IN2 0
LT BOOL 1, IN1 < IN2 0

7.3 CMP_DI: Comparator for DINT values
7.3 CMP_DI: Comparator for DINT values
Function
GT = 1 if IN1 > IN2
GE = 1 if IN1 ≥ IN2
EQ = 1 if IN1 = IN2
LT = 1 if IN1 < IN2
I/Os

Inputs IN1 DINT Input variable 1 0
IN2 DINT Input variable 2 0

7.4 CMP_R: Comparator for REAL values
7.4 CMP_R: Comparator for REAL values
Function
GT = 1 if IN1 > IN2
EQ = 1 if IN1 = IN2
LT = 1 if IN1 < IN2
The other four outputs are set to 0 in each case.
I/Os

Inputs IN1 REAL Input variable 1 0
IN2 REAL Input variable 2 0

7.5 CMP_T: Comparator for TIME values
Function
GT = 1 if IN1 > IN2
EQ = 1 if IN1 = IN2
LT = 1 if IN1 < IN2
I/Os

Inputs IN1 TIME Input variable 1 0
IN2 TIME Input variable 2 0


Blocks for converting data types 8
8.1 CONVERT
Introduction
CFC only allows the interconnection of block outputs (source type) to block inputs (target type)
if both data types are identical (e.g., REAL output <-> REAL input). Conversion blocks must
be used to allow the interconnection of different data types. The input and output data of the
block are of a different type, and it thus converts the input data type according to the data type
set at the output.
Conversion rules
The abbreviated name of the source and target data type, connected by means of an
underscore "_", form the type name.
The table below shows a brief description of conversion rules for specific blocks. If the IN input
value is not within the allowed range, the OUT output value becomes invalid and the test output
ENO = 0 is displayed.
You can evaluate ENO, for example, to provide a substitute/safety value for further processing.
The CONVERT library contains blocks you can use to convert n values of a data type to m
values of another data type (the values of m and n may be equal).
The following blocks convert one value of a data type into one value of another data type:
BY_DW (Page 47) Converts BYTE to DWORD

BY_W (Page 48) Converts BYTE to WORD
DI_DW (Page 49) Converts DINT to DWORD
DI_I (Page 50) Converts DINT to INT
DI_R (Page 51) Converts DINT to REAL
DW_DI (Page 52) Converts DWORD to DINT
DW_R (Page 53) Converts DWORD to REAL
DW_W (Page 54) Converts DWORD to WORD
I_DI (Page 55) Converts INT to DINT
I_DW (Page 56) Converts INT to DWORD
I_R (Page 57) Converts INT to REAL
I_W (Page 58) Converts INT to WORD
R_DI (Page 59) Converts REAL to DINT
R_DW (Page 60) Converts REAL to DWORD
R_I (Page 61) Converts REAL to INT
W_BY (Page 62) Converts WORD to BYTE
W_DW (Page 63) Converts WORD to DWORD
W_I (Page 64) Converts WORD to INT

Blocks for converting data types
8.1 CONVERT
The following blocks convert several BOOL type values into one BYTE, WORD or DWORD
type value:
BO_BY (Page 65) Converts BOOL to BYTE, 8 inputs

BO_W (Page 66) Converts BOOL to WORD, 16 inputs
BO_DW (Page 67) Converts BOOL to DWORD, 32 inputs
The following blocks convert one BYTE, WORD or DWORD type values into several BOOL
type values:
BY_BO (Page 68) Converts BYTE to BOOL, 8 outputs

W_BO (Page 69) Converts WORD to BOOL, 16 outputs
DW_BO (Page 70) Converts DWORD to BOOL, 32 outputs

8.2 BY_DW
8.2 BY_DW
Function
Copies the byte of IN to the low-byte of OUT and sets the high-bytes to 0.
Troubleshooting
n.a.
I/Os

Input IN BYTE 0
Output OUT DWORD 0

8.3 BY_W
8.3 BY_W
Function
Copies the byte of IN to the low-byte of OUT and sets the high-byte to 0.
Troubleshooting
n.a.
I/Os

Input IN BYTE 0
Output OUT WORD 0

8.4 DI_DW
8.4 DI_DW
Function
Copies the bit string of IN to OUT.
Troubleshooting
n.a.
I/Os

Input IN DINT Input value 0
Output OUT DWORD Output value 0

8.5 DI_I
8.5 DI_I
Function
Converts the IN bit string to INT and copies the result to OUT.
Troubleshooting
If the values of IN lie outside the range of -32 768 to 32 767, ENO = 0 and OUT is an invalid
value.
I/Os

Output OUT INT Output value 0

8.6 DI_R
8.6 DI_R
Function
Converts the value of IN to a REAL number and copies the result to OUT.
Troubleshooting
n.a.
I/Os

Input IN DINT 0
Output OUT REAL 0

8.7 DW_DI
8.7 DW_DI
Function
Troubleshooting
n.a.
I/Os

Input IN DWORD Input value 0
Output OUT DINT Output value 0

8.8 DW_R
8.8 DW_R
Method of operation
The block only forwards the bit string and does not change any values. To cause a value
change to REAL, you must use the DW_DI block and then the DI_R block.
Function
Troubleshooting
Not applicable
I/Os

Output OUT REAL Output value 0

8.9 DW_W
8.9 DW_W
Function
Copies the low-word of IN to the word of OUT.
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 if the IN high-word > 0
I/Os

Output OUT WORD Output value 0

8.10 I_DI
8.10 I_DI
Function
Copies the value of IN to OUT.
Troubleshooting
n.a.
I/Os

Input IN INT 0
Output OUT DINT 0

8.11 I_DW
8.11 I_DW
Function
Copies the bit string of IN to the low-word of OUT and sets the high-word to 0.
Troubleshooting
n.a.
I/Os

Input IN INT Input value 0
Output OUT DWORD Output value 0

8.12 I_R
8.12 I_R
Function
Copies the integer of IN to OUT.
Troubleshooting
n.a.
I/Os

Input IN INT 0
Output OUT REAL 0

8.13 I_W
8.13 I_W
Function
Troubleshooting
n.a.
I/Os

Output OUT WORD Output value 0

8.14 R_DI
8.14 R_DI
Function
Converts the REAL value of IN to OUT.
Troubleshooting
If the value of IN is outsidce the range -2.147483648e+09 und 2.147483647e+09, then ENO
= 0 and OUT is invalid.
I/Os

Input IN REAL 0
Output OUT DINT 0

8.15 R_DW
8.15 R_DW
Method of operation
The block only forwards the bit string and does not change any values. In order to convert
REAL to DWORD, you must use the R_TO_DW block (PCS 7 Library).
Function
Troubleshooting
Not applicable
I/Os

Input IN REAL 0
Output OUT DWORD 0

8.16 R_I
8.16 R_I
Function
The REAL number at input IN is converted to an INT number and output at output OUT. The
number is rounded as follows: 0.5 → 0, 1.5 → 2, 2.5 → 2, 3.5 → 4, etc.
Troubleshooting
If the value at IN is not in the range –32768 to 32767, then ENO = 0 and OUT is invalid.
I/Os

Input IN REAL 0
Output: OUT INT 0

8.17 W_BY
8.17 W_BY
Function
Copies the low-byte of IN to OUT.
Troubleshooting
If the high-byte > 0, then ENO = 0.
I/Os

Input IN WORD Input value 0
Output OUT BYTE Output value 0

8.18 W_DW
8.18 W_DW
Function
Copies the word of IN to the low-word of OUT.
Troubleshooting
n.a.
I/Os

Input IN WORD 0
Output OUT DWORD 0

8.19 W_I
8.19 W_I
Function
Troubleshooting
n.a.
I/Os

Input IN WORD Input value 0
Output OUT INT Output value 0

8.20 BO_BY
8.20 BO_BY
Function
This block converts the eight Boolean type input values to a BYTE type value and outputs the
result. 8 BOOL -> 1 BYTE conversions are performed as follows:
The i-th bit of the BYTE value is set to 0 (or 1) when the i-th input value is 0 (or 1). (i = 0 to 7).
Troubleshooting
Not applicable
I/Os

Inputs IN0 BOOL 0
... ...
IN7 BOOL 0
Output OUT BYTE 0

8.21 BO_W
8.21 BO_W
Function
This block converts the 16 Boolean type input values to a WORD type value and outputs the
result. 16 BOOL -> 1 WORD conversions are performed as follows:
The i-th bit of the WORD value is set to 0 (or 1) when the i-th input value is 0 (or 1) (i = 0 to
15).
Troubleshooting
Not applicable
I/Os

Inputs IN0 BOOL 0
... ...
IN15 BOOL 0
Output OUT WORD 0

8.22 BO_DW
8.22 BO_DW
Function
This block converts the 32 Boolean type input values to a DWORD type value and outputs the
result. 32 BOOL -> 1 DWORD conversions are performed as follows:
The i-th bit of the DWORD value is set to 0 (or 1) when the i-th input value is 0 (or 1) (i = 0 to
31).
Troubleshooting
Not applicable
I/Os

Inputs IN0 BOOL 0
... ...
IN31 BOOL 0
Output OUT DWORD 0

8.23 BY_BO
8.23 BY_BO
Function
This block converts the input value of data type BYTE to 8 values of data type BOOL and
outputs the result in 8 variables. IN bit0 is mapped to OUT0, IN bit1 to OUT1, etc.
Troubleshooting
n.a.
I/Os

Input IN BYTE 0
Outputs OUT0 BOOL 0
... ...
OUT7 BOOL 0

8.24 W_BO
8.24 W_BO
Function
This block converts the input value of the WORD data type in 16 values of the BOOL data
type, which are created at the 16 outputs. IN-Bit0 is then converted to OUT0, IN-Bit1 to OUT1
etc.
Troubleshooting
Not applicable
I/Os

Input IN WORD 0
Outputs OUT0 BOOL 0
... ...
OUT15 BOOL 0

8.25 DW_BO
8.25 DW_BO
Function
This block converts the input value of the DWORD data type in 32 values of the BOOL data
type, which are created at the 32 outputs. IN-Bit0 is then converted to OUT0, IN-Bit1 to OUT1
etc.
Troubleshooting
Not applicable
I/Os

Input IN DWORD 0
Outputs OUT0 BOOL 0
... ...
OUT31 BOOL 0

Arithmetic blocks of the data type REAL 9
9.1 MATH_FP
CFC blocks of the "MATH_FP" family

This family contains the following floating-point arithmetic blocks for data of the type REAL.:
ADD_R: Addition of REAL values (Page 72) Addition of REAL values

SUB_R: Subtraction of REAL values (Page 73) Subtraction of REAL values
MUL_R: Multiplication of REAL values (Page 74) Multiplication of REAL values
DIV_R: Division of REAL values (Page 75) Division of REAL values
ABS_R: Absolute value of REAL values (Page 78) Absolute value of REAL values
EPS_R: Accuracy approximation (Page 92) Precision; approximation
NEG_R: Inverter for REAL values (Page 90) Negation of REAL values
MAXn_R: Maximum of REAL values (Page 76) Maximum of REAL values
MINn_R: Minimum of REAL values (Page 77) Minimum of REAL values
LIM_R: Limiter of REAL values (Page 91) Limiter of REAL values
CADD_R: Controllable adder of REAL values (Page 93) Controllable adder of REAL values
SQRT: Square root (Page 79) Square root
EXP: Exponential function (Page 80) Exponential function
POW10: Power-of-10 function (Page 81) Power of ten
LN: Natural logarithm (Page 82) Natural logarithm
LOG10: Base-10 logarithm (Page 83) Logarithm to base 10
SIN: Sin function (Page 84) Sine function
COS: Cos function (Page 85) Cosine function
TAN: Tan function (Page 86) Tangent function
ASIN: Arc sin function (Page 87) Arc sine function
ACOS: Arc cos function (Page 88) Arc cosine function
ATAN: Arc tan function (Page 89) Arc tangent function
POWXY: General power function (Page 94) General power function
SAMP_AVE: Floating average value (Page 95) Variable average
Note
The value range of real numbers is:
-3.40282e^+38 ... -1.755e^-38 ... 0 ... 1.755e^-38 ... 3.40282e^+38

Arithmetic blocks of the data type REAL
9.2 ADD_R: Addition of REAL values
9.2 ADD_R: Addition of REAL values
Function
This block adds the values of inputs and outputs the sum.
OUT = IN1 + IN2
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 on overflow or underflow.
I/Os

Inputs IN1 REAL Addend 1 0.0
IN2 REAL Addend 2 0.0
Output OUT REAL Sum 0.0

9.3 SUB_R: Subtraction of REAL values
9.3 SUB_R: Subtraction of REAL values
Function
This block subtracts the value at input IN2 from input IN1 and outputs the difference.
OUT = IN1 - IN2
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 on overflow and underflow.
I/Os

Inputs IN1 REAL Minuend 0.0
IN2 REAL Subtrahend 0.0
Output OUT REAL Difference 0.0

9.4 MUL_R: Multiplication of REAL values
9.4 MUL_R: Multiplication of REAL values
Function
This block multiplies the inputs and outputs the product.
OUT = IN1 * IN2
Troubleshooting
I/Os

Inputs IN1 REAL Multiplicand 0.0
IN2 REAL Multiplier 0.0
Output OUT REAL Product 0.0

9.5 DIV_R: Division of REAL values
9.5 DIV_R: Division of REAL values
Function
This block divides the value at input IN1 by the value at input IN2 and outputs the quotient.
OUT = IN1 / IN2
Troubleshooting
ENO is set to 0 on divisions by 0, overflow and underflow.
I/Os

Inputs IN1 REAL Dividend 0.0
IN2 REAL Divisor 0.0
Output OUT REAL Quotient 0.0

9.6 MAXn_R: Maximum of REAL values
9.6 MAXn_R: Maximum of REAL values
Function
This block compares the inputs and outputs their maximum value.
OUT = MAX {IN1, ... , INn}
Blocks
Name Description
MAX2_R 2 inputs of type REAL
I/Os

Inputs IN1 REAL Input variable 1 0.0
...
INn REAL Input variable n 0.0
Output OUT REAL Maximum value 0.0

9.7 MINn_R: Minimum of REAL values
9.7 MINn_R: Minimum of REAL values
Function
This block compares the inputs and outputs their minimum value.
OUT = MIN {IN1, ... , INn}
Blocks
Name Description
MIN2_R 2 inputs of type REAL
I/Os

Inputs IN1 REAL Input variable 1 0.0
...
INn REAL Input variable n 0.0
Output OUT REAL Minimum value 0.0

9.8 ABS_R: Absolute value of REAL values
9.8 ABS_R: Absolute value of REAL values
Function
This block outputs the absolute value of the input.
OUT = | IN |
I/Os

Inputs IN REAL Input value 0.0
Output OUT REAL Absolute value 0.0

9.9 SQRT: Square root
9.9 SQRT: Square root
Function
This block calculates and outputs the square root of the input.
OUT = SQRT(IN)
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 and OUT = 0 if IN < 0.
I/Os

Input IN REAL Radicand 0.0
Output OUT REAL Square root 0.0

9.10 EXP: Exponential function
9.10 EXP: Exponential function
Function
This block calculates and outputs the exponential function of the input. In this equation, "e" is
Euler’s constant 2.71…, the base of the natural logarithm.
OUT = eÎN
Troubleshooting
I/Os

Input IN REAL Exponent 0.0
Output OUT REAL Exponential function 0.0

9.11 POW10: Power-of-10 function
9.11 POW10: Power-of-10 function
Function
This block calculates the power of 10IN of the input and send the result to the output.
OUT = 10ÎN
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 with IN1 < -37.9 and IN1 > 38.5
I/Os

Input IN REAL Exponent 0.0
Output OUT REAL Power of ten 0.0

9.12 LN: Natural logarithm
9.12 LN: Natural logarithm
Function
This block calculates and outputs the natural logarithm of the input.
OUT = LN (IN)
The variable at input IN must be positive.
Troubleshooting
I/Os

Input IN REAL Argument 0.0
Output OUT REAL nat. Logarithm 0.0

9.13 LOG10: Base-10 logarithm
9.13 LOG10: Base-10 logarithm
Function
This block calculates and outputs the base-10 logarithm value of the input.
OUT = LOG10(IN)
The variable at input IN must be positive.
Troubleshooting
I/Os

Output OUT REAL Logarithm 0.0

9.14 SIN: Sin function
9.14 SIN: Sin function
Function
This block calculates and outputs the sine of the input. The variable at IN must be a radian
value.
OUT = SIN(IN)
I/Os

Output OUT REAL Sine 0.0

9.15 COS: Cos function
9.15 COS: Cos function
Function
This block calculates and outputs the cosine of the input. The variable at IN must be a radian
value.
OUT = COS(IN)
I/Os

Output OUT REAL Cosine 0.0

9.16 TAN: Tan function
9.16 TAN: Tan function
Function
This block calculates and outputs the tangent of the input. The variable at IN must be a radian
value.
OUT = TAN(IN)
I/Os

Output OUT REAL Tangent 0.0

9.17 ASIN: Arc sin function
9.17 ASIN: Arc sin function
Function
This block calculates and outputs the arc sine of the input. The result is output as a radian
value between -π/2 and +π/2. The range of the function argument must be between 1 and +1.
OUT = ASIN(IN)
I/Os

Output OUT REAL Arc sine 0.0

9.18 ACOS: Arc cos function
9.18 ACOS: Arc cos function
Function
This block calculates and outputs the arc cosine of the input. The result is output as a radian
value between 0 and π. The range of the function argument must be between -1 and +1.
OUT = ACOS(IN)
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 at IN < -1 --> OUT = 3.14..
ENO = 0 at IN > 1 --> OUT = 0
I/Os

Output OUT REAL Arc cosine 0.0

9.19 ATAN: Arc tan function
9.19 ATAN: Arc tan function
Function
This block calculates and outputs the arc tangent of the input. The result is output as a radian
value between -π/2 and +π/2. The range of the function argument is the entire REAL number
range.
OUT = ATAN(IN)
I/Os

Output OUT REAL Arc tangent 0.0

9.20 NEG_R: Inverter for REAL values
9.20 NEG_R: Inverter for REAL values
Function
This block outputs the input variable with inverted sign.
I/Os

Input IN REAL Input variable 0.0
Output OUT REAL Output variable 0.0

9.21 LIM_R: Limiter of REAL values
9.21 LIM_R: Limiter of REAL values
Function
This block compares the input variables IN, MAX and MIN. It checks if IN is within or outside
the intervals limited by MIN and MAX. If the low limit MIN of the interval is greater than or equal
to the high limit MAX, the output OUT = MAX and the outputs OUTU and OUTL are set to 1.
IN > MAX represents a violation of the high limit, OUT = MAX, OUTU = 1 and OUTL = 0. IN <
MIN represents a violation of the low limit, OUT = MIN, OUTU = 0, OUTL = 1. If IN is between
MIN and MAX, OUT = IN, OUTU = 0, OUTL = 0 are set.
If the low limit MIN is equal to the high limit, the block behaves as follows:
IN < MAX: OUT = MAX; OUTU = 0; OUTL = 1
IN > MAX: OUT = MAX; OUTU = 1; OUTL = 0
I/Os

Inputs IN REAL Input variable 0.0
MIN REAL Low limit -100.0
MAX REAL High limit 100.0
Outputs OUT REAL Output variable 0
OUTU BOOL Out of high limits 0
OUTL BOOL Out of low limits 0

9.22 EPS_R: Accuracy approximation
9.22 EPS_R: Accuracy approximation
Function
This block compares the absolute values of the inputs. If the absolute value of input IN < than
the INTERVAL limit, output QA will be set to 1 and output QN to 0. In this case the input variable
IN is contained in the interval. Otherwise output QA is set to 0 and output QN is set to 1. The
input variable IN is then outside the interval.
I/Os

INTERVAL REAL Interval limit 0.0
Outputs QA BOOL Validation bit memory 0
QN BOOL Inverted validation bit memory 0

9.23 CADD_R: Controllable adder of REAL values
9.23 CADD_R: Controllable adder of REAL values
Function
This block adds input variable IN to output variable OUT, if input CI = 1 and inputs RI and SI
= 0. If RI = 1, OUT = 0. If SI = 1 and RI = 0, then OUT = IN.
Troubleshooting
Truth table
RI SI CI OUT ENO
1 X X 0 1
0 1 X IN 1
0 0 1 OUT* + IN 1
0 0 0 OUT* 1
X is a random value
OUT* is the old value from the previous cycle
I/Os

Inputs IN REAL Addend 0.0
RI BOOL Reset 0
SI BOOL Set 0
CI BOOL Count 0
Output OUT REAL Sum 0.0

9.24 POWXY: General power function
9.24 POWXY: General power function
Function
This block sends the input variable IN1 to the output, raised to the power of the input variable
IN2.
OUT = IN1ÎN2
Requirement: IN1 > 0
Troubleshooting
M7 goes to STOP with an overshoot or undershoot.
I/Os

Inputs IN1 REAL Base 0.0
IN2 REAL Exponent 0.0
Output OUT REAL Output variable 0.0

9.25 SAMP_AVE: Floating average value
Function
This block outputs the average value of the last N input values.
OUT = (Ink + Ink -1 + ... + Ink -n + 1) / N
where INk is the current input value. For the number of input values N the condition
0 < N < 33
must be satisfied.
Startup characteristics
During startup and initial run each element of the buffer for IN and OUT values is set to 0.
I/Os

N INT Number of input values consid‐ 1
ered
Output OUT REAL Average value 0.0


Arithmetic blocks of the data type INT and DINT 10
10.1 MATH_INT
CFC blocks of the "MATH_INT" family

This family contains the following blocks used for arithmetic operations with data of the INT
and DINT types:
ADD_I: Addition of INT Addition of INT values

values (Page 99)
ADD_DI: Addition of DINT Addition of DINT values
values (Page 111)
SUB_I: Subtraction of INT Subtraction of INT values
values (Page 100)
SUB_DI: Subtraction of Subtraction of DINT values
DINT values (Page 112)
MUL_I: Multiplication of Multiplication of INT values
MUL_DI: Multiplication of Multiplication of DINT values
DINT (Page 113)
DIV_I: Division of INT val‐ Division of INT values
ues (Page 102)
DIV_DI: Division of DINT Division of DINT values
values (Page 114)
ABS_I Absolute value of Absolute value of INT values
ABS_DI: Absolute value Absolute value of DINT values
of DINT values
(Page 118)
EPS_I: Accuracy approxi‐ Accuracy; approximation of INT values
mation of INT values
(Page 109)
EPS_DI: Accuracy ap‐ Accuracy; approximation of DINT values
proximation of DINT val‐
ues (Page 121)
NEG_I: Inverter for INT Inverter for INT values
values (Page 107)
NEG_DI: Inverter for Inverter for DINT values
MOD_I: Modulo function Modulo function of INT values
of INT values (Page 103)
MOD_DI: Modulo function Modulo function of DINT values
of DINT values
(Page 115)

Arithmetic blocks of the data type INT and DINT
10.1 MATH_INT
MAXn_I: Maximum of INT Maximum of INT values

values (Page 104)
MAXn_DI: Maximum of Maximum of DINT values
MINn_I: Minimum of INT Minimum of INT values
values (Page 105)
MINn_DI: Minimum of Minimum of DINT values
LIM_I: Limiter for INT val‐ Limiter for INT values
ues (Page 108)
LIM_DI: Limiter for DINT Limiter for DINT values
values (Page 120)
CADD_I: Controllable Controllable adder of INT values
adder of INT values
(Page 110)
CADD_DI: Controllable Controllable adder of DINT values
adder of DINT values
(Page 122)
Note
The value range of data types INT and DINT is
INT: -32 768 ... 32 767
DINT: -2 147 483 648 ... 2 147 483 647

10.2 ADD_I: Addition of INT values
10.2 ADD_I: Addition of INT values
Function
OUT = IN1 + IN2
Troubleshooting
I/Os

Inputs IN1 INT Addend 1 0
IN2 INT Addend 2 0
Output OUT INT Sum 0

10.3 SUB_I: Subtraction of INT values
10.3 SUB_I: Subtraction of INT values
Function
This block subtracts input IN2 from input IN1and outputs the difference.
OUT = IN1 - IN2
Troubleshooting
I/Os

Inputs IN1 INT Minuend 0
IN2 INT Subtrahend 0
Output OUT INT Difference 0

10.4 MUL_I: Multiplication of INT values
10.4 MUL_I: Multiplication of INT values
Function
OUT = IN1 * IN2
Troubleshooting
I/Os

Inputs IN1 INT Multiplicand 0
IN2 INT Multiplier 0
Output OUT INT Product 0

10.5 DIV_I: Division of INT values
10.5 DIV_I: Division of INT values
Function
OUT = IN1 / IN2
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 in the case of division by 0 and –32768 in the case of division by –1.
I/Os

Inputs IN1 INT Dividend 0
IN2 INT Divisor 0
Output OUT INT Quotient 0

10.6 MOD_I: Modulo function of INT values
10.6 MOD_I: Modulo function of INT values
Function
This block outputs the modulo of an integer division DIV_I (Page 102) of input IN1 by input IN2.
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 in the case of division by 0.
I/Os

Inputs IN1 INT Dividend 0
IN2 INT Divisor 1
Output OUT INT Remainder 0

10.7 MAXn_I: Maximum of INT values
10.7 MAXn_I: Maximum of INT values
Function
Blocks
Name Description
MAX2_I 2 inputs of the type INT
I/Os

...
INn INT Input variable n 0
Output OUT INT Maximum value 0

10.8 MINn_I: Minimum of INT values
10.8 MINn_I: Minimum of INT values
Function
Blocks
Name Description
MIN2_I 2 inputs of the type INT
I/Os

...
INn INT Input variable n 0
Output OUT INT Minimum value 0

10.9 ABS_I Absolute value of INT values
10.9 ABS_I Absolute value of INT values
Function
OUT = | IN |
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 if IN = -32 768
I/Os

Output OUT INT Absolute value 0

10.10 NEG_I: Inverter for INT values
10.10 NEG_I: Inverter for INT values
Function
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 if IN = -32 768
I/Os

Input IN INT Input variable 0
Output OUT INT Output variable 0

10.11 LIM_I: Limiter for INT values
10.11 LIM_I: Limiter for INT values
Function
the intervals limited by MIN and MAX.
If the low limit MIN of the interval is greater than the high limit MAX, the output OUT = MAX
and the outputs OUTU and OUTL are set to 1.
IN ≥ MAX represents a violation of the high limit, OUT = MAX, OUTU = 1 and OUTL = 0. IN
≤ MIN represents a violation of the low limit, OUT = MIN, OUTU = 0, OUTL = 1. If IN is between
MIN and MAX, OUT = IN, OUTU = 0, OUTL = 0 are set.
If MAX = MIN, the outputs OUTU and OUTL will depend on IN:
● OUTU = 1 with IN = MIN = MAX
● OUTL = 1 with IN < MIN = MAX
● OUTU = 1 with IN > Max = MAX
● In addition: OUT = MAX = MIN
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 with MIN > MAX --> OUT = MAX; OUTU = OUTL = 1
I/Os

Inputs MAX INT High limit 0
IN INT Input variable 0
MIN INT Low limit 0
Outputs OUTU BOOL Out of high limits 0
OUT INT Output variable 0

10.12 EPS_I: Accuracy approximation of INT values
10.12 EPS_I: Accuracy approximation of INT values
Function
This block compares the absolute value of the input IN with the value of the INTERVAL input.
If the absolute amount of input IN < than the INTERVAL limit, output QA will be set to 1 and
output QN to 0. In this case the input variable IN is contained in the interval. Otherwise output
QA is set to 0 and output QN is set to 1. The input variable IN is then outside the interval.
INTERVAL must have a positive value.
If INTERVAL ≤ 0, then QA = 0.
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 with IN = -32 768
I/Os

Inputs IN INT Input variable 0
INTERVAL INT Interval limit 0
QN BOOL Inverted validation bit memory 0

10.13 CADD_I: Controllable adder of INT values
10.13 CADD_I: Controllable adder of INT values
Function
This block adds the input variable IN to the output variable OUT when the CI input is set to 1
and the RI and SI inputs are set to 0. If RI = 1, the OUT output is set to 0. If SI = 1 and RI = 0,
then OUT = IN.
Troubleshooting
Truth table
RI SI CI OUT ENO
1 X X 0 1
0 1 X IN 1
0 0 1 OUT* + IN 1
0 0 0 OUT* 1
X is any value
OUT* is the old value from the last cycle
I/Os

Inputs IN INT Addend 0
RI BOOL Reset 0
SI BOOL Set 0
CI BOOL Count 0
Output OUT INT Sum 0

10.14 ADD_DI: Addition of DINT values
10.14 ADD_DI: Addition of DINT values
Function
OUT = IN1 + IN2
Troubleshooting
I/Os

Inputs IN1 DINT Addend 1 0
IN2 DINT Addend 2 0
Output OUT DINT Sum 0

10.15 SUB_DI: Subtraction of DINT values
10.15 SUB_DI: Subtraction of DINT values
Function
This block subtracts the value at input IN2 from input IN1 and outputs the difference.
OUT = IN1 - IN2
Troubleshooting
I/Os

Inputs IN1 DINT Minuend 0
IN2 DINT Subtrahend 0
Output OUT DINT Difference 0

10.16 MUL_DI: Multiplication of DINT
10.16 MUL_DI: Multiplication of DINT
Function
OUT = IN1 * IN2
Troubleshooting
I/Os

Inputs IN1 DINT Multiplicand 0
IN2 DINT Multiplier 0
Output OUT DINT Product 0

10.17 DIV_DI: Division of DINT values
10.17 DIV_DI: Division of DINT values
Function
OUT = IN1 / IN2
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 in the case of division by 0 and –2147483648 in the case of division by –1.
I/Os

Inputs IN1 DINT Dividend 0
IN2 DINT Divisor 0
Output OUT DINT Quotient 0

10.18 MOD_DI: Modulo function of DINT values
10.18 MOD_DI: Modulo function of DINT values
Function
This block outputs the modulo of an integer division DIV_DI (Page 114) of input IN1 by input
IN2.
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 in the case of division by 0.
I/Os

Inputs IN1 DINT Dividend 0
IN2 DINT Divisor 0
Output OUT DINT Remainder 0

10.19 MAXn_DI: Maximum of DINT values
10.19 MAXn_DI: Maximum of DINT values
Function
Blocks
Name Description
MAX2_DI 2 inputs of the type DINT
I/Os

...
INn DINT Input variable n 0
Output OUT DINT Maximum value 0

10.20 MINn_DI: Minimum of DINT values
10.20 MINn_DI: Minimum of DINT values
Function
Blocks
Name Description
MIN2_DI 2 inputs of the type DINT
I/Os

...
INn DINT Input variable n 0
Output OUT DINT Minimum value 0

10.21 ABS_DI: Absolute value of DINT values
10.21 ABS_DI: Absolute value of DINT values
Function
OUT = | IN |
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 if IN = -2 147 483 648 (smallest negative number)
I/Os

Output OUT DINT Absolute value 0

10.22 NEG_DI: Inverter for DINT values
10.22 NEG_DI: Inverter for DINT values
Function
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 if IN = -2 147 483 648
I/Os

Input IN DINT Input variable 0
Output OUT DINT Output variable 0

10.23 LIM_DI: Limiter for DINT values
10.23 LIM_DI: Limiter for DINT values
Function
the intervals limited by MIN and MAX.
If the low limit MIN of the interval is greater than the high limit MAX, the output OUT = MAX
and the outputs OUTU and OUTL are set to 1.
IN ≥ MAX represents a violation of the high limit, OUT = MAX, OUTU = 1 and OUTL = 0.
IN ≤ MIN represents a violation of the low limit, OUT = MIN, OUTU = 0, OUTL = 1. If IN is
between MIN and MAX, then OUT = IN, OUTU = 0, OUTL = 0 are set.
If MAX = MIN, the outputs OUTU and OUTL will depend on IN:
● OUTU = 1 with IN = MIN = MAX
● OUTL = 1 with IN < MIN = MAX
● OUTU = 1 with IN > Max = MAX
● In addition: OUT = MAX = MIN
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 with MIN > MAX --> OUT = MAX; OUTU = OUTL = 1
I/Os

Inputs MAX DINT High limit 0
IN DINT Input variable 0
MIN DINT Low limit 0
Outputs OUTU BOOL Out of high limits 0
OUT DINT Output variable 0

10.24 EPS_DI: Accuracy approximation of DINT values
10.24 EPS_DI: Accuracy approximation of DINT values
Function
This block compares the absolute value of the input IN with the value of the INTERVAL input.
If the absolute value of the IN input is less than the INTERVAL limit, the QA output is set to 1
and the QN output is set to 0. In this case the input variable IN is contained in the interval.
Otherwise output QA is set to 0 and output QN is set to 1. In this case the input variable IN is
outside of the range of the interval.
INTERVAL must have a positive value.
If INTERVAL is ≤ 0 , then QA = 0.
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 with IN = -2 147 483 648
I/Os

Inputs IN DINT Input variable 0
INTERVAL DINT Interval limit 0
QN BOOL Inverted validation bit 0
memory

10.25 CADD_DI: Controllable adder of DINT values
10.25 CADD_DI: Controllable adder of DINT values
Function
This block adds the input variable IN to the output variable OUT when the CI input is set to 1
and the RI and SI inputs are set to 0. If RI = 1, the OUT output is set to 0. If SI = 1 and RI = 0,
then OUT = IN.
Troubleshooting
Truth table
RI SI CI OUT ENO
1 X X 0 1
0 1 X IN 1
0 0 1 OUT* + IN 1
0 0 0 OUT* 1
X is any value
OUT* is the old value from the last cycle
I/Os

Inputs IN DINT Addend 0
RI BOOL Reset 0
SI BOOL Set 0
CI BOOL Count 0
Output OUT DINT Sum 0

Flip-flop blocks 11
11.1 FLIPFLOP
CFC blocks of the "FLIPFLOP" family

This family contains the following flip-flop blocks:
JK_FF: JK flip-flop JK flip-flop

(Page 124)
RS_FF: RS flip- RS flip-flop, reset dominant
flop, reset domi‐
nant (Page 125)
SR_FF: SR flip- SR flip-flop, set dominant
flop, set dominant
(Page 126)

Flip-flop blocks
11.2 JK_FF: JK flip-flop
11.2 JK_FF: JK flip-flop
Function
J K
0 0
0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1
*)
*) The outputs toggle the value in the cycle of the inserted tasks.
I/Os

Inputs J BOOL Set 0
K BOOL Reset 0
Outputs BOOL Output 0
BOOL Negated output 1

Flip-flop blocks
11.3 RS_FF: RS flip-flop, reset dominant
11.3 RS_FF: RS flip-flop, reset dominant
Function
R S
0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1
I/Os

Inputs R BOOL Reset 0
S BOOL Set 0

Flip-flop blocks
11.4 SR_FF: SR flip-flop, set dominant
11.4 SR_FF: SR flip-flop, set dominant
Function
R S
0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0
I/Os

Inputs R BOOL Reset 0
S BOOL Set 0

Shift blocks 12
12.1 SHIFT
CFC blocks of the "SHIFT" family

This family contains the following blocks to shift or rotate input-value bits and output the result:
SHL_W: WORD shift left WORD shift left

(Page 128)
SHL_DW: DWORD shift left DWORD shift left
(Page 129)
SHR_W: WORD shift right WORD shift right
(Page 130)
SHR_DW: DWORD shift right DWORD shift right
(Page 131)
ROL_W: WORD rotate left WORD rotate left
(Page 132)
ROL_DW: DWORD rotate left DWORD rotate left
(Page 133)
ROR_W: WORD rotate right WORD rotate right
(Page 134)
ROR_DW: DWORD rotate DWORD rotate right
right (Page 135)

Shift blocks
12.2 SHL_W: WORD shift left
12.2 SHL_W: WORD shift left
Function
The bits of input value IN are shifted left by the number of steps specified in input IN. The result
is displayed at the output.
I/Os

Inputs IN WORD Input value 0
N WORD Number of steps 0
Output OUT WORD Output 0

Shift blocks
12.3 SHL_DW: DWORD shift left
12.3 SHL_DW: DWORD shift left
Function
The bits of input value IN are shifted left by the number of steps specified in input IN. The result
is displayed at the output.
I/Os

Inputs IN DWORD Input value 0
Output OUT DWORD Output 0

Shift blocks
12.4 SHR_W: WORD shift right
12.4 SHR_W: WORD shift right
Function
The bits of input value IN are shifted right by the number of steps specified in input IN. The
result is displayed at the output.
I/Os


Shift blocks
12.5 SHR_DW: DWORD shift right
12.5 SHR_DW: DWORD shift right
Function
The bits of input value IN are shifted right by the number of steps specified in input IN. The
I/Os


Shift blocks
12.6 ROL_W: WORD rotate left
12.6 ROL_W: WORD rotate left
Function
The bits of input value IN are rotated left by the number of steps specified in input IN. The
I/Os

N WORD Number of rotations 0

Shift blocks
12.7 ROL_DW: DWORD rotate left
12.7 ROL_DW: DWORD rotate left
Function
The bits of input value IN are rotated left by the number of steps specified in input IN. The
I/Os


Shift blocks
12.8 ROR_W: WORD rotate right
12.8 ROR_W: WORD rotate right
Function
The bits of input value IN are rotated right by the number of steps specified in input IN. The
I/Os


Shift blocks
12.9 ROR_DW: DWORD rotate right
Function
The bits of input value IN are rotated right by the number of steps specified in input IN. The
I/Os


Shift blocks

Multiplexer blocks 13
13.1 MULTIPLX
CFC blocks of the "MULTIPLX" family

This family contains the following blocks used to set one of n inputs to the output, depending
on the value at a specific input:
MUXn_I: Multiplexer 1 of n for Multiplexer 1 of n for INT values (n = 2, 4, 8)

MUXn_DI: Multiplexer 1 of n for Multiplexer 1 of n for DINT values (n = 2, 4, 8)
MUXn_R: Multiplexer 1 of n for Multiplexer 1 of n for REAL values (n = 2, 4, 8)
MUXn_BO: Multiplexer 1 of n for Multiplexer 1 of n for BOOL values (n = 2, 4, 8)
BOOL values (Page 141)
SEL_BO: Multiplexer 1 of 2 for Multiplexer 1 of 2 for BOOL values
BOOL values (Page 142)
SEL_R: Multiplexer 1 of 2 for Multiplexer 1 of 2 for REAL values

Multiplexer blocks
13.2 MUXn_I: Multiplexer 1 of n for INT values
13.2 MUXn_I: Multiplexer 1 of n for INT values
Function
The block is a multiplexer 1 of n for INT values (n = 2, 4, 8). One of the inputs IN0...IN7 is set
to the output, depending on the value at selection input K.
Troubleshooting
ENO = 0 and OUT = 0, if k > (n-1) or k < 0.
Function table
Number of inputs
2 K: 0 1
OUT: IN0 IN1
4 K: 0 1 2 3
OUT: IN0 IN1 IN2 IN3
8 K: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
OUT: IN0 IN1 IN2 IN3 IN4 IN5 IN6 IN7
I/Os

Inputs K INT Selection input 0
IN0 INT Value 1 0
... ...
INm (n-1) INT Value n 0
Output OUT INT Output 0

Multiplexer blocks
13.3 MUXn_DI: Multiplexer 1 of n for DINT values
13.3 MUXn_DI: Multiplexer 1 of n for DINT values
Function
The block is a multiplexer 1 of n for DINT values (n = 2, 4, 8). One of the inputs IN0...IN7 is
set to the output, depending on the value at selection input K.
Troubleshooting
Function table
Number of inputs
2 K: 0 1
OUT: IN0 IN1
4 K: 0 1 2 3
8 K: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
I/Os

IN0 DINT Value 1 0
... ...
INm (n-1) DINT Value n 0
Output OUT DINT Output 0

Multiplexer blocks
13.4 MUXn_R: Multiplexer 1 of n for REAL values
13.4 MUXn_R: Multiplexer 1 of n for REAL values
Function
The block is a multiplexer 1 of n for REAL values (n = 2, 4, 8). One of the inputs IN0...IN7 is
Troubleshooting
Function table
Number of inputs
2 K: 0 1
OUT: IN0 IN1
4 K: 0 1 2 3
8 K: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
I/Os

IN1 REAL Value 1 0
... ...
INm REAL Value m (m=n-1) 0
Output OUT REAL Output 0

Multiplexer blocks
13.5 MUXn_BO: Multiplexer 1 of n for BOOL values
13.5 MUXn_BO: Multiplexer 1 of n for BOOL values
Function
The block is a multiplexer 1 of n for BOOL values (n = 2, 4, 8). One of the inputs IN0...IN7 is
Troubleshooting
Function table
Number of
inputs
2 K: 0 1
OUT: IN0 IN1
4 K: 0 1 2 3
8 K: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
I/Os

IN0 BOOL Value 1 0
... ...
INm (n-1) BOOL Value n 0
Output OUT BOOL Output 0

Multiplexer blocks
13.6 SEL_BO: Multiplexer 1 of 2 for BOOL values
13.6 SEL_BO: Multiplexer 1 of 2 for BOOL values
Function
This block sets the value of input IN0 (K = 1) or IN1 (K = 0) at the output, depending on the
value at input K.
I/Os

Inputs K BOOL 0
IN0 BOOL 0
IN1 BOOL 0
Output OUT BOOL 0

Multiplexer blocks
13.7 SEL_R: Multiplexer 1 of 2 for REAL values
Function
This block sets the value of input IN0 (K = 1) or IN1 (K = 0) at the output, depending on the
value at input K.
I/Os

Inputs K BOOL 0
IN0 REAL 0.0
IN1 REAL 0.0
Output OUT REAL 0.0

Multiplexer blocks

Counter blocks 14
14.1 COUNTER
CFC blocks of the "COUNTER" family

This family contains the following counter blocks:
CTU: Up-counter Up counter

(Page 146)
CTD: Down-counter Down counter
(Page 148)
CTUD: Up/down- Up/down counter
counter (Page 149)

Counter blocks
14.2 CTU: Up-counter
Function
This block is an edge-triggered up counter. In the case of a rising edge, the counter has the
default value PV at input S. A rising edge at input CU increments the counter. The counter
value is output at CV. The counter is stopped when the maximum INT value (32767) is reached.
A reset signal sets the counter to 0 and restarts the up count.
Q = 0, if CV = 0,
Q = 1 if CV > 0
The block's startup behavior is identical to its reset behavior (CV = 0).
Truth table
R CU CV ENO
1 X 0 1
0 1 CV*+1 1
0 0 CV* 1
X is a random value
CV* is the old value from the previous cycle
I/Os

Inputs CU BOOL Up-count pulse 0
R BOOL Reset 0
W BOOL Set (load) 0
PV INT Load value 1000
Outputs Q BOOL Overflow 0
CV INT Counter value 0
Note
This block exists twice: In the standard library as SFB0 and in the CFC elementary library as
FB24. Both blocks have different behavior:
● The SFB0 type possesses no preassigned value. The PV input is compared with the CV
output for reaching / exceeding. The Q output indicates whether the current counter value
is greater than or equal to PV.
● The FB24 has input PV as preassigned value. Counting starts as of this value. The output
Q is not evaluated.

Counter blocks

Counter blocks
14.3 CTD: Down-counter
14.3 CTD: Down-counter
Function
This block is an edge-triggered down-counter. On a rising edge at input S, the value PV is
written to the counter. A rising edge at input CD decrements the counter. The counter value
is output at CV. The counter is stopped when the minimum INT value is reached. A reset signal
sets the counter to 0.
Q = 0, if CV = 0
Q = 1 if CV > 0
The counter is stopped when CV = 0 is reached. There is no counting in the negative range.
Truth table
R CD CV ENO
1 X 0 1
0 1 CV*-1 1
0 0 CV* 1
X is a random value
I/Os

Inputs CD BOOL Down-count pulse 0
R BOOL Reset 0
W BOOL Set (load) 0
Outputs Q BOOL Underflow 0

Counter blocks
14.4 CTUD: Up/down-counter
Function
This block is an edge-triggered up/down counter. On a rising edge at input S, the value PV is
written to the counter. A rising edge at input CU increments the counter. A rising edge at input
CD decrements the counter. The counter value is output at CV. Outputs QU or QD can be
used to monitor the counter value. The counter is reset with R=1.
QU = 1, if CV < max. INT (32767)
QU = 0 if CV = max. INT (32767)
QD = 0 if CV = – max. INT (-32768)
QD = 1, if CV > - max. INT (-32768)
Truth table
R CU CD CV ENO
1 X X 0 1
0 1 0 CV*+1 1
0 0 1 CV*-1 1
0 0 0 CV* 1
0 1 1 CV* 1
X is a random value
I/Os

Inputs CU BOOL Up-count pulse 0
CD BOOL Down-count pulse 0
R BOOL Reset 0
W BOOL Set (load) 0
Outputs QU BOOL Counter at high limit 0
QD BOOL Counter at low limit 0

Counter blocks

Blocks for generating or processing pulses 15
15.1 PULSE
CFC blocks of the "PULSE" family

This family contains the following pulse-processing blocks:
TIMER_P: Pulse generator (Page 152) Pulse generator

R_TRIG: Detection of the rising edge Detection of the rising edge
(Page 155)
F_TRIG: Detection of the falling edge Detection of the falling edge
(Page 156)
AFP: Clock (Page 157) Clock

Blocks for generating or processing pulses
15.2 TIMER_P: Pulse generator
Function
The block starts the timer in the operating mode set by the value at the MODE input:
● Pulse generator
● Extended pulse
● ON delay
● ON delay with memory
● OFF delay
Operating modes
MODE Operating mode

0 Start pulse forming timer
1 Start extended pulse timer
2 Start ON delay timer
3 Start ON delay timer with memory
4 Start OFF delay timer
The block only applies the operating mode (MODE) on a rising edge at input I0. This edge
change is also necessary following a CPU restart. The timer counter PTIME is loaded with the
value TIME0 and decremented periodically by the sampling time SAMPLE_T. The status at
the output Q0 changes according to the set MODE once the time has expired. The values at
outputs Q0 = 0 and PTIME = 0 are output via RESET = 1.
Pulse diagrams
MODE=0 pulse
,
5(6(7
4
7 7
7 7,0( W
MODE=1 extended pulse

,
5(6(7
4
7 7 7 7
7 7,0( W
MODE=2 ON delay
,
5(6(7
4
7 7 7 7
7 7,0( W
MODE=3 ON delay with memory
,
5(6(7
4
7 7 7 7
7 7,0( W
MODE=4 OFF delay
,
5(6(7
4
7 7 7 7
7 7,0( W
Note the following when entering values:

● The sampling time (SAMPLE_T) must be less than the switching time (TIME0).
● The difference between TIME0 and SAMPLE_T may not be more than 10^7.

I/Os
Note
Cumulation of sampling time SAMPL_T
The TIMER_P block works internally with REAL values. Whenever the sampling time
SAMPL_T cannot be displayed exactly as a REAL number, inaccuracies occur in cumulation.
The sampling time can only be displayed exactly as a REAL number when the decimal places
of the sampling time occur through division by 2, 4, 8, 16 etc.
Examples of exact sampling times: x.5, x.25, x.125, x.0625 etc.
Examples of inexact sampling times: x.1, x.2
"x" represents a positive integer here.

Inputs SAMPLE_T REAL Task sampling time in s 1.0
TIME0 REAL Time in s 0.0
MODE INT Operating mode (see 0
above)
RESET BOOL Reset 0
I0 BOOL Input pulse 0
Outputs QERR BOOL Error 1
Q0 BOOL Output pulse 0
PTIME REAL Time-to-go 0.0

15.3 R_TRIG: Detection of the rising edge
15.3 R_TRIG: Detection of the rising edge
Note
In order to ensure proper operation of the R_TRIG block, it must be installed in a watchdog
interrupt (cyclic task).
Function
This block checks for a rising edge at the input variable and outputs the result. Output Q = 1
if a rising edge is detected at pulse input CLK.
The edge bit memory is set to 0 on startup.
Pulse diagram

,

W

4

I/Os

Input CLK BOOL Input pulse 0
Output Q BOOL Output pulse 0

15.4 F_TRIG: Detection of the falling edge
15.4 F_TRIG: Detection of the falling edge
Note
To operate correctly, the F_TRIG block must be installed in a cyclic interrupt (cyclic task).
Function
This block checks for a falling edge at the input variable and outputs the result. Output Q = 1
if a falling edge is detected at pulse input CLK.
The edge bit memory is set to 1 on startup.
Pulse diagram

,

W

4

I/Os

Input CLK BOOL Input pulse 0

15.5 AFP: Clock
15.5 AFP: Clock
Note
To operate correctly, the AFP block must be installed in a cyclic interrupt (cyclic task).
Function
Clock. This block generates pulses according to pulse/break ratio that is to be configured. This
ratio can be configured and is specified in ms units.
During startup, the counters and enable bits are set for the periods Q = 0 and Q = 1. Whereby
the enable bit for Q = 0 will be set to 1, the other values to 0.
Pulse diagram
(1
W

7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

If EN = 0, output Q remains in the current state. The expired time of T0 or T1 is stopped (T0(1)
or T1(1) in the diagram) and not reset.
If EN = 1, the remaining time runs from T0 or T1 (T0(2) or T1(2) in the diagram).
I/Os

Inputs SAMPLE_T REAL Task sampling time in s 1.0
T0 TIME Interpulse period T#0ms
T1 TIME Pulse duration T#0ms

15.5 AFP: Clock

Blocks for acquiring or processing time intervals and
timebases 16
16.1 TIME
CFC blocks of the family

This family contains the following timer blocks:
TIME: Measures the execu‐ Measures the execution time

tion time (Page 160)
TIME_BEG: Outputs the Outputs the current time of day
current time of day
(Page 161)
TIME_END: Compares the Compares the input time with the actual time
input time with the actual
time (Page 162)

Blocks for acquiring or processing time intervals and timebases
16.2 TIME: Measures the execution time
16.2 TIME: Measures the execution time
Function
This block measures the time between two calls (maximum: 2 147 483 647 ms).
Note
There must be no date change between the calls otherwise there would be a negative time
difference (00:00:00 – measured time).
I/Os

Inputs DIFF BOOL Difference measurement 1
ON
Output OUT TIME Time

16.3 TIME_BEG: Outputs the current time of day
16.3 TIME_BEG: Outputs the current time of day
Function
This block outputs the system time at which the block is called at output TM.
I/Os

Output TM TIME Current time T#0ms

16.4 TIME_END: Compares the input time with the actual time
16.4 TIME_END: Compares the input time with the actual time
Function
This block indicates the time difference between input TM and the actual system time at output
TM_DIFF. Input TM of this block can be interconnected to output TM of a TIME_BEG block in
order to determine the time between calls to those two blocks.
I/Os

Input TM TIME Input time in ms T#0ms
Output TM_DIFF TIME Time difference T#0ms

Control blocks 17
17.1 CONTROL
CFC blocks of the "CONTROL" family

This family contains the following blocks:
CONT_C: Continuous-action controller Continuous control (closed-loop)

(Page 164)
CONT_S: Step controller (Page 170) Step control
PULSEGEN: Pulse duration modula‐ Pulse generator
tion for PID controller (Page 175)

Control blocks
17.2 CONT_C
17.2 CONT_C
17.2.1 CONT_C: Continuous-action controller
Object name (type + number)

FB 1
Introduction
The CONT_C function block is used on SIMATIC S7 programmable logic controllers to control
technical processes with continuous input and output variables. By means of parameter
assignment you can activate or deactivate subfunctions of the PID controller to adapt the
controller to the controlled system.
Application
You can use the controller as a PID fixed-setpoint controller either alone or in multi-loop
feedback controls as a cascade, blending or ratio controller. The functions of the controller are
based on the PID control algorithm of the sampling controller with an analog output signal, if
necessary extended by including a pulse generator stage to generate pulse-duration
modulated output signals for two-step or three-step controllers with proportional final controlling
elements.
Description
Apart from the functions in the setpoint and process variable branches, the function block
implements a complete PID controller with continuous manipulated value output and the option
of influencing the manipulated value manually. The following subfunctions exist:
● Setpoint branch (Page 213)
● Process variable branch (Page 207)
● Error signal (Page 212)
● PID algorithm (Page 211)
● Manual-value processing (Page 205)
● Manipulated-value processing (Page 214)
● Disturbance variable input (Page 215)
Complete restart/Restart operating states

The CONT_C function block has a complete-restart routine.
During startup, the integrator is set internally to the initialization value I_ITVAL. When it is called
in a watchdog interrupt priority class, it continues to work starting at this value.
All other outputs are set to their default values.

Control blocks
17.2 CONT_C
Error information
The error-message word RET_VAL is not used.
Input parameters
Parameters Data Value range Default setting Description

type
MAN_ON BOOL TRUE MANUAL VALUE ON
If the "manual value on" input is set, the con‐
trol loop is interrupted. A manual value is set
as the manipulated value.
PVPER_ON BOOL FALSE PROCESS VARIABLE PERIPHERY ON
If the process variable is to be read in from
the I/Os, the PV_PER input must be inter‐
connected to the I/Os and the "process var‐
iable peripheral on" input must be set.
P_SEL BOOL TRUE PROPORTIONAL ACTION ON
The PID components can be activated or
deactivated individually in the PID algorithm.
The P component is on when the "propor‐
tional action on" input is set.
I_SEL BOOL TRUE INTEGRAL ACTION ON
The I component is on when the "integral
action on" input is set.
INT_HOLD BOOL FALSE INTEGRAL ACTION HOLD
The output of the integrator can be frozen.
by setting the "integral action hold" input.
I_ITL_ON BOOL FALSE INITIALIZATION OF THE INTEGRAL AC‐
TION
The output of the integrator can be set to the
I_ITL_VAL input. The "initialization of the in‐
tegral action" input must be set for this pur‐
pose.
D_SEL BOOL FALSE DERIVATIVE ACTION ON
The D component is on when the "derivative
action on" input is set.
SAMPLE_T REAL ≥ 0.001 s T#1s SAMPLE TIME
The time between block calls must be con‐
stant. The "sample time" input specifies the
time between block calls.
SP_INT REAL -100.0 ... 0.0 INTERNAL SETPOINT
+100.0% or The "internal setpoint" input is used to spec‐
phys. value ify a setpoint.

Control blocks
17.2 CONT_C

type
PV_IN REAL -100.0 ... 0.0 PROCESS VARIABLE IN
+100.0% or An initialization value can be set at the "proc‐
phys. value ess variable in" input or an external process
variable in floating point format can be con‐
nected.
PV_PER WORD W#16#0000 PROCESS VARIABLE PERIPHERAL
The process variable peripheral is intercon‐
nected to the controller at the "process vari‐
able peripheral" input.
MAN REAL -100.0 ... 0.0 MANUAL VALUE
+100.0% or The "manual value" input is used to set a
phys. value manual value using the operator control and
monitoring function.
GAIN REAL 2.0 PROPORTIONAL GAIN
The "proportional gain" input sets the con‐
troller gain.
TN TIME ≥ SAMPLE_T T#20s RESET TIME
The "reset time" input determines the time
response of the integrator.
TV TIME ≥ SAMPLE_T T#10s DERIVATIVE TIME
The "derivative time" input determines the
time response of the derivative unit.
TM_LAG TIME ≥ SAM‐ T#2s TIME LAG OF THE DERIVATIVE ACTION
PLE_T/2 The algorithm of the D component includes
a time lag that can be assigned at the "time
lag of the derivative action" input.
DEADB_W REAL ≥ 0.0% or 0.0 DEAD BAND WIDTH
phys. value A dead band is applied to the error signal.
The "dead band width" input determines the
size of the dead band.
LMN_HLM REAL LMN_LLM ... 100.0 MANIPULATED VALUE HIGH LIMIT
+100.0% or The manipulated value is always limited to
phys. value an upper and lower limit. The "manipulated
value high limit" input specifies the upper
limit.
LMN_LLM REAL -100.0 ... 0.0 MANIPULATED VALUE LOW LIMIT
LMN_HLM % The manipulated value is always limited to
or phys. value an upper and lower limit. The "manipulated
value low limit" input specifies the lower limit.
PV_FAC REAL 1.0 PROCESS VARIABLE FACTOR
The "process variable factor" input is multi‐
plied by the process variable. The input is
used to adapt the process variable range.
PV_OFF REAL 0.0 PROCESS VARIABLE OFFSET
The "process variable offset" input is added
to the process variable. The input is used to
adapt the process variable range.

Control blocks
17.2 CONT_C

type
LMN_FAC REAL 1.0 MANIPULATED VALUE FACTOR
The "manipulated value factor" input is mul‐
tiplied by the manipulated value. The input
is used to adapt the manipulated value
range.
LMN_OFF REAL 0.0 MANIPULATED VALUE OFFSET
The "manipulated value offset" is added to
the manipulated value. The input is used to
adapt the manipulated value range.
I_ITLVAL REAL -100.0 ... 0.0 INITIALIZATION VALUE OF THE INTE‐
+100.0% or GRAL ACTION
phys. value The output of the integrator can be set at the
I_ITL_ON input. The initialization value is
applied to the "initialization value of the inte‐
gral action" input.
DISV REAL -100.0 ... 0.0 DISTURBANCE VARIABLE
+100.0% or For feedforward control, the disturbance var‐
phys. value iable is connected to the "disturbance varia‐
ble" input.
Output parameters

type
LMN REAL 0.0 MANIPULATED VALUE
The effective manipulated value is output in
floating point format at the "manipulated val‐
ue" output.
LMN_PER WORD W#16#0000 MANIPULATED VALUE PERIPHERY
The manipulated value periphery is connec‐
ted to the controller at the "manipulated val‐
ue periphery" output.
QLMN_HLM BOOL FALSE HIGH LIMIT OF MANIPULATED VALUE
REACHED
The manipulated value is always limited to
an upper and lower limit. The "high limit of
manipulated value reached" output indi‐
cates that the upper limit has been excee‐
ded.
QLMN_LLM BOOL FALSE LOW LIMIT OF MANIPULATED VALUE
REACHED
The manipulated value is always limited to
an upper and lower limit. The "low limit of
manipulated value reached" output indi‐
cates that the lower limit has been under‐
shot.

Control blocks
17.2 CONT_C

type
LMN_P REAL 0.0 PROPORTIONALITY COMPONENT
The "proportional component" output con‐
tains the proportional component of the ma‐
nipulated value.
LMN_I REAL 0.0 INTEGRAL COMPONENT
The "integral component" output contains
the integral component of the manipulated
value.
LMN_D REAL 0.0 DERIVATIVE COMPONENT
The "derivative component" output contains
the derivative component of the manipu‐
lated value.
PV REAL 0.0 PROCESS VARIABLE
The effective process variable is output at
the "process variable" output.
ER REAL 0.0 ERROR SIGNAL
The effective error signal is output at the "er‐
ror signal" output.
Additional information
For more information, refer to the section:
CONT_C: Block diagram (Page 169)

Control blocks
17.2 CONT_C
17.2.2 CONT_C: Block diagram

Control blocks
17.3 CONT_S
17.3 CONT_S
17.3.1 CONT_S: Step controller

FB 2
Introduction
The CONT_S function block is used on SIMATIC S7 programmable logic controllers to control
technical processes with binary manipulated-value output signals for integrating final
controlling elements. By means of parameter assignment you can activate or deactivate
subfunctions of the PI step controller to adapt the controller to the process.
Application
You can use the controller as a PI fixed-setpoint controller or in secondary control loops in
cascade, blending or ratio controllers, but not as the master controller. The functions of the
controller are based on the PI control algorithm of the sampling controller supplemented by
the functions for generating the binary output signal from the analog actuating signal.
The I component of the controller can be closed with TN = T#0ms. In this way the block can
be used as a P controller.
So that the controller can work without repeated manipulated value, the manipulated value
calculated internally does not match the final controlling element position. A comparison is
made if the manipulated value (ER * GAIN) is negative. The controller then sets the output
manipulated-value signal down (QLMNDN) until the low limit signal of the repeated
manipulated value (LMNR_LS) is set.
The controller can also be used in a controller cascade as a subordinate position controller.
The final controlling element position is set with the setpoint input SP_INT. In this case the
process-variable input and the integration time parameter (TN) have to be set to zero. A
possible application would be a temperature controller with heating-capacity control via
interpulse period control and cooling-capacity control via a butterfly valve.
In order to close the valve completely, the manipulated value (ER * GAIN) should be negative.
Description
In addition to the functions in the process-variable branch, the function block implements a
complete PI controller with a binary manipulated-value output and the option of influencing the
manipulated value manually. The step controller operates without repeated manipulated value.
The following subfunctions exist:
● Setpoint branch (Page 213)
● Process variable branch (Page 207)
● Error signal (Page 212)

Control blocks
17.3 CONT_S
● PI step algorithm (Page 210)

● Disturbance variable input (Page 215)

The CONT_S function block has a complete-restart routine.
All outputs are set to their default values.
Error information
Input parameters
Parame‐ Data Value range Default setting Description

ters type
LMNR_HS BOOL FALSE HIGH LIMIT SIGNAL OF REPEATED MANIP‐
ULATED VALUE
The "control valve at upper limit stop" signal
is connected to the "high limit signal of repea‐
ted manipulated value" input. LMNR_HS =
TRUE means: That the control valve is at the
upper limit stop.
LMNR_LS BOOL FALSE LOW LIMIT SIGNAL OF REPEATED MANIP‐
ULATED VALUE
The "control valve at lower limit stop" signal is
connected to the "low limit signal of repeated
manipulated value" input. LMNR_LS = TRUE
means: that the control valve is at the lower
limit stop.
LMNS_O BOOL TRUE MANIPULATED SIGNALS ON
N Manipulated-value signal processing is
switched to manual at the "manipulated sig‐
nals on" input.
LMNUP BOOL FALSE MANIPULATED SIGNALS UP
When manipulated-value signal processing is
switched to manual, the output signal
QLMNUP is set at the "manipulated signals
up" input.
LMNDN BOOL FALSE MANIPULATED SIGNALS DOWN
When manipulated-value signal processing is
switched to manual, the output signal
QLMNDN is set at the "manipulated signals
down" input.
PVPER_O BOOL FALSE PROCESS VARIABLE PERIPHERY ON
N If the process variable is to be read in from the
I/Os, the PV_VER input must be interconnec‐
ted to the I/Os and the "process variable pe‐
riphery on" input must be set.

Control blocks
17.3 CONT_S

ters type
SAM‐ REAL ≥ 0.001s T#1s SAMPLE TIME
PLE_T The time between block calls must be con‐
stant. The "sample time" input specifies the
time between block calls.
SP_INT REAL -100.0 ... 0.0 INTERNAL SETPOINT
+100.0% or The "internal setpoint" input is used to specify
phys. value a setpoint.
PV_IN REAL -100.0 ... 0.0 PROCESS VARIABLE IN
+100.0% or An initialization value can be set at the "proc‐
phys. value ess variable in" input or an external process
variable in floating point format can be con‐
nected.
PV_PER WORD W#16#0000 PROCESS VARIABLE PERIPHERAL
The process variable peripheral is intercon‐
nected to the controller at the "process varia‐
ble peripheral" input.
GAIN REAL 2.0 PROPORTIONAL GAIN
The "proportional gain" input sets the control‐
ler gain.
TN TIME ≥ SAMPLE_T T#20s RESET TIME
The "reset time" input determines the time re‐
sponse of the integrator.
DEADB_ REAL ≥ 0.0% or 0.0 DEAD BAND WIDTH
W phys. value A dead band is applied to the error signal. The
"dead band width" input determines the size
of the dead band.
PV_FAC REAL 1.0 PROCESS VARIABLE FACTOR
The "process variable factor" input is multi‐
plied by the process variable. The input is
used to adapt the process variable range.
PV_OFF REAL 0.0 PROCESS VARIABLE OFFSET
The "process variable offset" input is added to
the process variable. The input is used to
adapt the process variable range.
PULSE_T TIME ≥ SAMPLE_T T#3s MINIMUM PULSE TIME
M A minimum pulse width can be set at the "min‐
imum pulse time" parameter.
BREAK_T TIME ≥ SAMPLE_T T#3s MINIMUM BREAK TIME
M A minimum break duration can be set at the
"minimum break time" parameter.

Control blocks
17.3 CONT_S

ters type
MTR_TM TIME ≥ SAMPLE_T T#30s MOTOR MANIPULATED VALUE
The time required by the control valve to move
from limit stop to limit stop is entered at the
"motor manipulated value" parameter.
DISV REAL -100.0 ... 0.0 DISTURBANCE VARIABLE
+100.0% or For feedforward control, the disturbance vari‐
phys. value able is connected to the "disturbance variable"
input.
Output parameters
Parameters Data type Value range Default setting Description

QLMNUP BOOL FALSE MANIPULATED SIGNAL UP
If the "manipulated signal up" output
is set, the control valve should be
opened.
QLMNDN BOOL FALSE MANIPULATED SIGNAL DOWN
If the "manipulated signal down" out‐
put is set, the control valve should be
closed.
PV REAL 0.0 PROCESS VARIABLE
The effective process variable is out‐
put at the "process variable" output.
ER REAL 0.0 ERROR SIGNAL
The effective error signal is output at
the "error signal" output.
For more information, refer to the section:
CONT_S: Block diagram (Page 174)

Control blocks
17.3 CONT_S
17.3.2 CONT_S: Block diagram

Control blocks
17.4 PULSEGEN
17.4 PULSEGEN
17.4.1 PULSEGEN: Pulse duration modulation for PID controller

FB 3
Introduction
The PULSEGEN function block is used to structure a PID controller with pulse output for
proportional final controlling elements.
Application
PID two-step or three-step controllers with pulse-duration modulation can be configured with
the PULSEGEN function block. The function is normally used in conjunction with the
continuous controller CONT_C (Page 164).
&217B& 38/6(*(1
/01 ,19
Description
The PULSEGEN function transforms the input variable INV (=LMN of the PID controller) by
modulating the pulse duration in a pulse train with constant period time. It corresponds to the
cycle time used to update the input variable and must be parameterized in PER_TM.
The duration of a pulse per period time is proportional to the input variable. The cycle assigned
to PER_TM is not identical to the processing cycle of the PULSEGEN function block. Rather,
a PER_TM cycle consists of several PULSEGEN function block processing cycles. In this
context, the number of PULSEGEN calls per PER_TM cycle provides a measure of the
accuracy of the pulse-duration modulation.
You will find more information on pulse duration modulation under: Pulse-duration
modulation (Page 206)
An input variable of 30% and 10 PULSEGEN calls per PER_TM means:
● "One" at the QPOS output for the first three calls of PULSEGEN (30% of 10 calls)
● "Zero" at the QPOS output for seven further PULSEGEN calls (70% of 10 calls)
The pulse width is recalculated at the beginning of each period.

Control blocks
17.4 PULSEGEN
Accuracy of manipulated value

At a "sample ratio" of 1:10 (CONT_C calls to PULSEGEN calls) the accuracy of the manipulated
value is restricted to 10% in this example. Default input values INV can only be mapped to a
pulse width at the QPOS output with a tolerance of 10%.
Accuracy will, therefore, increase accordingly as the number of PULSEGEN calls per CONT_C
call increases.
If PULSEGEN is called, for example, 100 times more often than CONT_C, a resolution of 1%
of the manipulated value range is achieved.
Note
The call frequency must be programmed by the user.
Automatic synchronization
It is possible to synchronize the pulse output automatically with the block that updates the input
variable INV (for example, CONT_C). This ensures that a changing input variable is output as
quickly as possible as a pulse.
The pulse generator always evaluates the input variable INV at intervals corresponding to the
period time PER_TM and converts the value into a pulse signal of corresponding length. Since,
however, INV is usually calculated in a slower cyclic interrupt, the pulse generator should start
the conversion of the discrete value into a pulse signal as soon as possible after the updating
of INV.
To allow this, the block can synchronize the start of the period itself using the following
procedure:
If INV changes and if the block call is not in the first or last two call cycles of a period,
synchronization is performed. The pulse width is recalculated and is output in the next cycle
with a new period.
Automatic synchronization can be disabled by setting the "SYN_ON" input to FALSE.
Note
When a new period starts, the old value of INV (in other words of LMN) will be simulated in
the pulse signal more or less inaccurately following synchronization.
Operating modes
Depending on the parameters assigned to the pulse generator, PID controllers with a three-
step output or with a bipolar or unipolar two-step output can be configured. The following table
illustrates the setting of the switch combinations for the possible modes.
Operating mode Switch

MAN_ON STEP3_ ST2BI_ON
ON
Three-step control FALSE TRUE Any

Control blocks
17.4 PULSEGEN
Operating mode Switch

Two-step control with bipolar control range (-100% ... +100%) FALSE FALSE TRUE
Two-step control with monopolar control range (0% ... +100%) FALSE FALSE FALSE
Manual operation TRUE Any Any
Input parameters

ters type
INV REAL -100.0 ... +100.0% 0.0 INPUT VARIABLE
An analog manipulated value is connec‐
ted to the "input variable" input parame‐
ter.
PER_TM TIME ≥ 20 * SAMPLE_T T#1s PERIOD TIME
The constant period time of the pulse
width modulation is specified at the "Pe‐
riod time" input parameter. This corre‐
sponds to the sample time of the control‐
ler. The ratio between the sample time
of the pulse generator and the sample
time of the controller determines the ac‐
curacy of the pulse-duration modulation.
P_B_TM TIME ≥ SAMPLE_T T#0ms MINIMUM PULSE/BREAK TIME
A minimum pulse or minimum break time
can be assigned at the "minimum pulse/
break time" input parameter.
RATIO‐ REAL 0.1 ... 10.0 1.0 RATIO FACTOR
FAC The "ratio factor" input parameter can be
used to change the ratio of the duration
of negative to positive pulses. In a ther‐
mal process, this would, for example, al‐
low different time constants for heating
and cooling to be compensated (for ex‐
ample, in a process with electrical heat‐
ing and water cooling).
STEP3_O BOOL TRUE THREE STEP CONTROL ON
N The "three step control on" input param‐
eter activates this mode. In three-step
control, both output signals are active.
ST2BI_O BOOL FALSE TWO STEP CONTROL FOR BIPOLAR
N MANIPULATED VALUE RANGE ON
The "two step control for bipolar manip‐
ulated value range on" input parameter
can be used to select between the "two-
step control for bipolar manipulated val‐
ue" and "two-step control for unipolar
manipulated value range" modes. The
STEP3_ON parameter must be set to
FALSE.

Control blocks
17.4 PULSEGEN

ters type
MAN_ON BOOL FALSE MANUAL MODE ON
By setting the input parameter "manual
mode on", the output signals can be set
manually.
POS_P_O BOOL FALSE POSITIVE PULSE ON
N In manual operation with three-step con‐
trol, the QPOS_P output signal can be
set at the "positive pulse on" input pa‐
rameter. In manual operation with two-
step control, QNEG_P is always set in‐
versely to QPOS_P.
NEG_P_O BOOL FALSE NEGATIVE PULSE ON
N In manual operation with three-step con‐
trol, the QNEG_P output signal can be
set at the "negative pulse on" input pa‐
rameter. In manual operation with two-
step control, QNEG_P is always set in‐
versely to QPOS_P.
SYN_ON BOOL TRUE SYNCHRONISATION ON
The "synchronization on" input parame‐
ter can be set in order to synchronize the
pulse output automatically with the block
that updates the INV input variable. This
ensures that a changing input variable is
output as quickly as possible as a pulse.
SAM‐ REAL ≥ 0.001s 1 SAMPLE TIME [s]
PLE_T The time between block calls must be
constant. The "sample time" input speci‐
fies the time between block calls.
Note
The values of the input parameters are not limited in the block. There is no parameter check.

Control blocks
17.4 PULSEGEN
Output parameters

ters type
QPOS_P BOOL FALSE OUTPUT POSITIVE PULSE
The "output positive pulse" output parameter
is set when a pulse is to be output. In three-
step control, this is always the positive pulse.
In two-step control, QNEG_P is always set in‐
versely to QPOS_P.
QNEG_P BOOL FALSE OUTPUT NEGATIVE PULSE
The "output negative pulse" output parameter
is set when a pulse is to be output. In three-
step control, this is the negative pulse. In two-
step control, QNEG_P is always set inversely
to QPOS_P.

During a complete restart, all the signal outputs are set to zero.
Error information
You can find additional information in the following sections:
PULSEGEN: Block diagram (Page 180)
PULSEGEN: Three-step control (Page 180)
PULSEGEN: Three-step control, asymmetrical (Page 181)
PULSEGEN: Two-step control (Page 182)
PULSEGEN: Manual operation in two- or three-step control (Page 182)

Control blocks
17.4 PULSEGEN
17.4.2 PULSEGEN: Block diagram
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17.4.3 PULSEGEN: Three-step control
Description
In "three-step control" mode, the actuating signal can adopt three states. The values of the
binary output signals QPOS_P and QNEG_P are assigned to the relevant statuses of the final
controlling element. The table shows the example of a temperature control:
Final controlling element

Output signal Heat Off Cool
QPOS_P TRUE FALSE FALSE
QNEG_P FALSE FALSE TRUE
Based on the input variable, a characteristic curve is used to calculate a pulse width. The form
of the characteristic curve is defined by the minimum pulse or minimum break time and the
ratio factor. The normal value for the ratio factor is 1.
The "doglegs" in the curves are caused by the minimum pulse or minimum break times. You
will find more information on characteristic curves under:
Symmetrical characteristic for three-step controller (Page 216)
Minimum pulse or minimum break time

A correctly assigned minimum pulse or minimum break time P_B_TM can prevent short on/off
times that reduce the working life of switching elements and actuators.

Control blocks
17.4 PULSEGEN
Note
Small absolute values at the input variable LMN that would generate a pulse width shorter than
P_B_TM are suppressed. Large input values that would generate a pulse width longer than
(PER_TM - P_B_TM) are set to 100% or -100%.
The duration of the positive or negative pulses is calculated from the input variable (in %)
multiplied by the period time. Pulse width = INV/100 * PER_TM
17.4.4 PULSEGEN: Three-step control, asymmetrical
Description
The ratio factor RATIOFAC can be used to change the ratio of the duration of positive to
negative pulses. In a thermal process, for example, this would allow different system time
constants for heating and cooling.
The ratio factor also affects the minimum pulse time or period time. A ratio factor < 1 means
that the threshold value for negative pulses is multiplied by the ratio factor.
Ratio factor < 1

The pulse width at the negative pulse output calculated from the input variable multiplied by
the period time is reduced by the ratio factor:
Positive pulse width = INV/100 * PER_TM
Negative pulse width = INV/100 * PER_TM + RATIOFAC
Ratio factor > 1

The pulse width at the positive pulse output calculated from the input variable multiplied by the
period time is reduced by the ratio factor:
Positive pulse width = INV/100 + PER_TM
Negative pulse width = INV/100 * PER_TM/RATIOFAC
Asymmetrical characteristic for three-step controller (Page 217)

Control blocks
17.4 PULSEGEN

17.4.5 PULSEGEN: Two-step control
Description
In two-step control, only the positive pulse output QPOS_P of PULSEGEN is connected to the
on/off final controlling element. Depending on the manipulated-value range being used, the
two-step controller will have a bipolar or a unipolar manipulated-value range.
The negated output signal is available at QNEG_P if the interconnection of the two-step
controller in the control loop requires a logically-inverted binary signal for the actuating pulses.
Pulse Final cont. el. on Final cont. el. off

QPOS_P TRUE FALSE
QNEG_P FALSE TRUE
Characteristic with bipolar range of manipulated values (Page 208)
Characteristic with unipolar range of manipulated values (Page 209)
17.4.6 PULSEGEN: Manual operation in two- or three-step control
Description
In manual operation (MAN_ON = TRUE), the binary outputs of the three-step or two-step
controller can be set using the POS_P_ON and NEG_P_ON signals regardless of INV.
POS_P_ON NEG_P_ON QPOS_P QNEG_P

Three-step control FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE
FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE
TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE

Control blocks
17.4 PULSEGEN
POS_P_ON NEG_P_ON QPOS_P QNEG_P

Two-step control FALSE Any FALSE TRUE
TRUE Any TRUE FALSE

Control blocks
17.4 PULSEGEN

System function blocks (SFBs) 18
18.1 EVENT: Start of the priority class
CFC blocks of the "SYSTEM" family

This family contains the following system calls provided by the M7-300/400 run-time system:
DELAY Generation of a software interrupt whose name is forwarded as a parameter

(Page 186)
DELAY: Delay‐ Delay for all start events until processing is enabled
ing the start
event (Page 187)
EDELAY: Ena‐ Enable signal for delayed start events
ble signal for de‐
layed start
events
(Page 188)
DISCARD: All Discards all (not yet started) start events, in order to run the called task
arising start without interruption
events are dis‐
carded
(Page 189)
EDISCARD: En‐ Enable signal for all new start events
able signal for all
new start events
(Page 190)
LASTERR: De‐ Determines the error code of the I/O error and errors in the SFBs
termining the er‐ DELAY, EDELAY, DISCARD, EDISCARD, P_REASON
ror code in DE‐
LAY, EDELAY,
DISCARD, EDIS‐
CARD,P_REA‐
SON (Page 191)
SYSTIME: Deter‐ Determines the system time
mines the sys‐
tem time
(Page 192)
P_REASON: De‐ Determines the cause of process interrupts
termining the
cause of the
process interrupt
(Page 193)

System function blocks (SFBs)
18.2 DELAY
18.2 DELAY
Note
The block can only be used for M7-300/400 run-time systems!
Function
The block generates a software interrupt. It starts the task whose name is set at the TN input.
If a name is specified to which no task has been assigned, an error will be reported during
compilation and consistency checking.
I/Os

Input TN TASK Task name 0

18.3 DELAY: Delaying the start event
18.3 DELAY: Delaying the start event
Note
Function
This block enables the operation of a calling task without interruptions by other tasks. All
queued start events are delayed either until processing is enabled (via the EDELAY block) or
until the task currently being executed has been completed.
All queued start events are then executed.
Any errors that occur during task processing can be queried via the LASTERR block.
Information on the EDELAY and LASTERR blocks is contained in the following sections:
● EDELAY: Enable signal for delayed start events (Page 188)
● LASTERR: Determining the error code in DELAY, EDELAY, DISCARD,
EDISCARD,P_REASON (Page 191)

18.4 EDELAY: Enable signal for delayed start events
18.4 EDELAY: Enable signal for delayed start events
Note
Function
This block enables delayed start events. These events must have been delayed initially via
the DELAY block.
Information on the DELAY and LASTERR blocks is contained in the following sections:
● DELAY: Delaying the start event (Page 187)

18.5 DISCARD: All arising start events are discarded
18.5 DISCARD: All arising start events are discarded
Note
Function
This block enables the operation of a calling task without interruptions by other tasks. All
queued start events are discarded, i.e., the tasks are not started. Events already registered
(delayed) are processed. Process interrupts are acknowledged immediately.
All queued start events are discarded either until processing is enabled (via the EDISCARD
block) or until the task currently being executed has been completed.
Information on the EDISCARD and LASTERR blocks is contained in the following sections:
● EDISCARD: Enable signal for all new start events (Page 190)

18.6 EDISCARD: Enable signal for all new start events
18.6 EDISCARD: Enable signal for all new start events
Note
Function
This block enables queued start events. These events must have been discarded initially via
the DISCARD block.
Information on the DISCARD and LASTERR blocks is contained in the following sections:
● DISCARD: All arising start events are discarded (Page 189)

18.7 LASTERR: Determining the error code in DELAY, EDELAY, DISCARD, EDISCARD,P_REASON
18.7 LASTERR: Determining the error code in DELAY, EDELAY,

DISCARD, EDISCARD,P_REASON
Note
Function
This block returns the error code of the last error that occurred for the following error classes:
● I/O errors
● Errors in the system blocks:
– DELAY: Delaying the start event (Page 187),
– EDELAY: Enable signal for delayed start events (Page 188),
– DISCARD: All arising start events are discarded (Page 189),
– EDISCARD: Enable signal for all new start events (Page 190),
– P_REASON: Determining the cause of the process interrupt (Page 193)
The possible values represent a subset of M7 system software error codes. For additional
information, refer to file M7API.H or to the M7 system software documentation.
I/Os

Output ERR DINT Error code 0

18.8 SYSTIME: Determines the system time
18.8 SYSTIME: Determines the system time
Note
Function
This block can be used to determine the system time and display it in TIME format at its output.
I/Os

Output TIME TIME System time 0

18.9 P_REASON: Determining the cause of the process interrupt
18.9 P_REASON: Determining the cause of the process interrupt
Function
This block can be used to locate the cause of a process interrupt.
The name of the task required is specified at input TN. The block will not have any effect if this
task is not a process interrupt.
Additional information the process alarm had output during its last call is written to the STATE
output. This additional information refers to specific modules and its byte sequence is,
therefore, returned in INTEL format.
The MASK output also returns the interrupt mask configured in CFC for this process-interrupt
task.
You can find additional information on the LASTERR block in the section: LASTERR:
Determining the error code in DELAY, EDELAY, DISCARD, EDISCARD,P_REASON
(Page 191)
I/Os

Input TN TASK Task name 0
Outputs STATE STATE Alarm state 0
MASK DWORD Alarm mask 0

18.10 FRC_CFC: Internal Block
18.10 FRC_CFC: Internal Block

FB 136
This block is a system block and is only used internally. There is therefore no help available
for it.

Blocks for AS-wide connections 19
19.1 IK_STATE
IK_STATE: Display status of an AS-wide connection

FC 157
Application
The block is used in a CFC chart when AS-wide connections are used and when the error
status of these connections is to be evaluated in the user program.
Insert one instance of the block in the CFC chart on the sending and receiving end for each
AS-wide connection.
Remove the instances when you have deleted the AS-wide connection.
Function
The block will output the error status of the AS-wide connection whose ID was configured at
the NETPRO_ID input.
The block outputs a separate bit for each error. A group error is also available. An error will
also be issued if the specified NETPRO_ID does not exist.
Troubleshooting
The return value RET_VAL is not used.
Input parameters
Parameter Data type Default setting Description

NETPRO_ID INT 0 NETPRO_ID of the connection
MasterDB INT 0 DB number of the Master DB. Automatically entered
by the CFC

Blocks for AS-wide connections
19.1 IK_STATE
Output parameters
Parameter Data type Default setting Description

SendErr BOOL FALSE Send error
Display in BSEND
RcvErr BOOL FALSE Receive error
Display in BRCV
SendOvl BOOL FALSE Sender overload
This error can be created when processing of the in‐
termediate send buffers is too slow.
RcvOv BOOL FALSE Receiver overload
This error can be created when processing of the in‐
termediate receive buffers is too slow.
RcvChg BOOL FALSE Inconsistent change at receiver
1. The AS-wide connection has been reconfigured at
the receiver end, which also has an effect on the
sender. This could not be reached at that time.
2. The AS-wide connection has been reconfigured at
the sender end, which also has an effect on the re‐
ceiver. This could not be reached at that time.
3. Sender and receiver have different AS-wide data
structures due to different charging states.
RcvTmout BOOL FALSE Receiver timeout
Possible reasons:
1. STOP the sending AS
2. Sender has not loaded BSEND (yet)
SysErr BOOL FALSE System error
AS-wide data block does not exist, for example
GroupErr BOOL FALSE Group error of the 8 errors above
ConnNA BOOL FALSE Configured NETPRO_ID does not exist
Additional information on AS-wide connection is available in the help "CFC for SIMATIC S7 >
Creating runtime structures > Creating and working with interconnections > Creating AS-wide
interconnections".

19.2 IK_MANAG
19.2 IK_MANAG
IK_MANAG
Object name (type+number)

FC152
Application
The "IK_MANAG block is part of the runtime system to support the AS-wide interconnections;
it is copied during initial creation of an AS-wide interconnection to the block folder of the S7
program.
Therefore this block will not be described in detail.
interconnections".

19.3 IK_SEND
19.3 IK_SEND
IK_SEND

FC155
Application
The "IK_SEND block is part of the runtime system to support the AS-wide interconnections; it
is copied during initial creation of an AS-wide interconnection to the block folder of the S7
program.
interconnections".

19.4 IK_RCV
19.4 IK_RCV
IK_RCV

FC156
Application
The "IK_RCV block is part of the runtime system to support the AS-wide interconnections; it
program.
interconnections".

19.5 IK_CP_OU
19.5 IK_CP_OU
IK_CP_OU

FC154
Application
The "IK_CP_OU block is part of the runtime system to support the AS-wide interconnections;
program.
interconnections".

19.6 IK_CP_IN
19.6 IK_CP_IN
IK_CP_IN

FC153
Application
The "IK_CP_IN block is part of the runtime system to support the AS-wide interconnections; it
program.
interconnections".

19.7 IK_ALARM
19.7 IK_ALARM
IK_ALARM

FB244
Application
The "IK_ALARM block is part of the runtime system to support the AS-wide interconnections;
program.
interconnections".

"@SYSTEM" block family 20
20.1 PA_CPU: Monitoring block for license information
Function
This block compares during runtime the number of process objects (POs) that are recorded
under the "AS RT PO" license with the number of POs that are loaded in the CPU 410-5H
Process Automation ("CPU 410-5H PA").
The block is automatically inserted in CFC "@PA-CPU" during compilation and this CFC is
installed in OB1. The block and CFC are loaded in the "CPU 410-5H PA" during the download
to the AS.
If the number of recorded licenses for POs in the Automation License Manager is lower than
the number of POs that are loaded in the AS, insufficient licensing is indicated by:
● An entry in the diagnostics buffer of the CPU
● Cyclic triggering of a corresponding message in SIMATIC WinCC.
The message is always triggered immediately during the loading process for which
insufficient licensing is detected and when the difference is changed by the loading process.
Afterwards, the message is triggered in intervals of 6 hours.
When the process objects are sufficiently licensed once again, for example, due to a
reduction of the POs required in the AS program or the purchase of additional licenses, the
message is no longer triggered. No "OUTGOING" message is generated.
Note
For the "CPU 410-5H PA", the maximum number of loadable POs are licensed by the
hardware. It is not possible to download a greater number of POs than is licensed by the
hardware into the AS. However, this limit is not relevant for the comparison in block "PA-CPU".

"@SYSTEM" block family
20.1 PA_CPU: Monitoring block for license information

Appendix 21
21.1 Manual-value processing
It is possible to switch between manual and automatic operation. In the case of manual
operation the manipulated variable is corrected to a manual value.
The integrator (INT) is set internally to LMN - LMN_P - DISV and the differentiator (DIF) to 0,
and then adjusted internally. This means that switching over to automatic operation will be
smooth.

Appendix
21.2 Pulse-duration modulation
21.2 Pulse-duration modulation
Pulse-duration modulation

,19
/01

W
4326B3

W

3(5B70
Key
1 PULSEGEN cycle
2 Cycle CONT_C

Appendix
21.3 Process variable branch
21.3 Process variable branch
The process variable can be read in as a peripheral or floating-point value. The function
CRP_IN converts the peripheral value PV_PER into a floating-point format from -100 to +100%
in accordance with the following rule:
Output of CPR_IN = PV_PER * 100/27648
The function PV_NORM normalizes the output of CRP_IN in accordance with the following
rule:
Output of PV_NORM = (output of CRP_IN) * PV_FAC + PV_OFF
The default value of PV_FAC is 1 and that of PV_OFF is 0.

Appendix
21.4 Characteristic with bipolar range of manipulated values
21.4 Characteristic with bipolar range of manipulated values
Characteristic with bipolar range of manipulated values

Range of manipulated values -100% to 100%

3(5B70
3(5B703B%B70

3B%B70

Key
1 Continuous "Off"
2 Duration of the positive pulse
3 Continuous "On"

Appendix
21.5 Characteristic with unipolar range of manipulated values
21.5 Characteristic with unipolar range of manipulated values
Characteristic with unipolar range of manipulated values

Range of manipulated values 0% to 100%
3(5B70
3(5B703B%B70
3B%B70

Key

Appendix
21.6 PI step algorithm
21.6 PI step algorithm
This function block runs without a repeated manipulated value. The I component of the PI
algorithm and the assumed repeated manipulated value are calculated in one integrator (INT)
and compared as a feedback value with the remaining P component. The difference then goes
to a three-step element (THREE_ST) and to a pulse generator (PULSEOUT), which generates
the pulses for the control valve. The switching frequency of the controller is reduced by adapting
the response threshold of the three-step element.

Appendix
21.7 PID algorithm
21.7 PID algorithm
The PID algorithm functions as a manipulated variable algorithm. The proportional, integral
(INT) and differential (DIF) components are connected in parallel and can be switched in or
out individually. In this way P, PI, PD and PID controllers and even pure I and D controllers
can be configured,

Appendix
21.8 Error signal
21.8 Error signal
The difference between setpoint value and process variable constitutes the error signal. In
order to suppress a minor sustained oscillation due to quantization of manipulated values (for
example, in the case of pulse duration modulation with PULSEGEN or limited resolution of the
manipulated value by the control valve) the error signal is routed via a dead zone
(DEADBAND). When DEADB_W = 0 the dead band is switched out.

Appendix
21.9 Setpoint branch
21.9 Setpoint branch
The setpoint branch is input at input SP_INT in floating-point format.

Appendix
21.10 Manipulated-value processing
21.10 Manipulated-value processing
The manipulated value is limited to pre-definable values using the LMNLIMIT function.
Signaling bits are set whenever the limits are exceeded.
The function LMN_NORM normalizes the output of LMNLIMIT in accordance with the following
rule:
LMN = (output of LMNLIMIT) * LMN_FAC + LMN_OFF
The default value of LMN_FAC is 1 and that of LMN_OFF is 0.
The manipulated value is also available in periphery format. The function CRP_OUT converts
the floating-point value LMN into a peripheral value in accordance with the following rule:
LMN_PER = LMN * 27648/100

Appendix
21.11 Disturbance variable input
21.11 Disturbance variable input
A disturbance variable can be feedforward-controlled additively at the DISV input.

Appendix
21.12 Symmetrical characteristic for three-step controller
21.12 Symmetrical characteristic for three-step controller
Symmetrical characteristic for three-step controller

Ratio factor = 1

3(5B70
3(5B703B%B70
3B%B70

Key
2 Continuous "On"
3 Continuous "Off"
4 Duration of the negative pulse

Appendix
21.13 Asymmetrical characteristic for three-step controller
Asymmetrical characteristic for three-step controller

Ratio factor = 0.5
3(5B70
3(5B703B%B70
3B%B70

3B%B70

3(5B703B%B70
3(5B70
Key
2 Duration of the negative pulse

Appendix

Index
CADD_I, 110
CADD_R, 93
A CFC blocks, 15
Clock, 157
ABS_DI, 118
CMP_DI, 41
ABS_I, 106
CMP_I, 40
ABS_R, 78
CMP_R, 42
Absolute value, DINT, 118
CMP_T, 43
Absolute value, INT, 106
Comparator, DINT, 41
Absolute value, REAL, 78
Comparator, INT, 40
ACOS, 88
Comparator, REAL, 42
ADD_DI, 111
Comparator, TIME, 43
ADD_I, 99
COMPARE, 39
ADD_R, 72
Comparing, 162
Adder, controllable, DINT, 122
input time with the actual time, 162
Adder, controllable, INT, 110
CONT_C, 164
Adder, controllable, REAL, 93
Block diagram, 169
Adder, DINT, 111
CONT_S, 170
Adder, INT, 99
Block diagram, 174
Adder, REAL, 72
CONTROL, 163
AFP, 157
Conversion, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,
AND, 18
58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70
AND operation, 18
16 BOOL -> WORD, 66
AND operation, WORD, 26
32 BOOL -> DWORD, 67
AND operations, generic, DWORD, 32
8 BOOL -> BYTE, 65
Arc cosine, REAL, 88
BYTE -> 8 BOOL, 68
Arc sine, REAL, 87
BYTE -> DWORD, 47
Arc tangent, REAL, 89
BYTE -> WORD, 48
Arithmetic blocks, 97
DINT -> DWORD, 49
ASIN, 87
DINT -> INT, 50
ATAN, 89
DINT -> REAL, 51
Average value, floating, REAL, 95
DWORD -> 32 BOOL, 70
DWORD -> DINT, 52
DWORD -> REAL, 53
B DWORD -> WORD, 54
Base-10 logarithm, REAL, 83 INT -> DINT, 55
BIT logic blocks, 17 INT -> DWORD, 56
BIT_LGC, 17 INT -> REAL, 57
Block parameters EN, ENO, SAMPLE_T, 11 INT -> WORD, 58
BO_BY, 65 REAL -> DINT, 59
BO_DW, 67 REAL -> DWORD, 60
BO_W, 66 REAL -> INT, 61
BY_BO, 68 WORD -> 16 BOOL, 69
BY_DW, 47 WORD -> BYTE, 62
BY_W, 48 WORD -> DWORD, 63
WORD -> INT, 64
Conversion blocks, 45
C COS, 85
Cosine, REAL, 85
CADD_DI, 122

Index
COUNTER, 145
CPU 410-5H PA, 203
CTD, 148 F
CTU, 146
F_TRIG, 156
CTUD, 149
Falling edge, 156
Current time, 161
Detection, 156
reading out, 161
Flip-flop, 123
Flip-flop, reset dominant, 125
Flip-flop, set dominant, 126
D Floating point arithmetic blocks, 71
DELAY, 187 FRC_CFC, 194
Description of Description, 194
FRC_CFC, 194
Detection, 155, 156
of the falling edge, 156 I
of the rising edge, 155
I_DI, 55
DI_DW, 49
I_DW, 56
DI_I, 50
I_R, 57
DI_R, 51
I_W, 58
DISCARD, 189
Input time, 162
DIV_DI, 114
comparing with the actual time, 162
DIV_I, 102
Interval, INT, 109
DIV_R, 75
Interval, REAL, 92
Divider, DINT, 114
Interval, symmetrical, DINT, 121
Divider, INT, 102
Inverter, 23
Divider, REAL, 75
Inverter, DINT, 119
Double word logic, 25
Inverter, DWORD, 37
Down counter, 148
Inverter, INT, 107
DW_BO, 70
Inverter, REAL, 90
DW_DI, 52
Inverter, WORD, 31
DW_R, 53
DW_W, 54
J
E JK flip-flop, 124
JK_FF, 124
EDELAY, 188
EDISCARD, 190
EPS_DI, 121
EPS_I, 109
L
EPS_R, 92 LASTERR, 191
EVENT, 186 LIM_DI, 120
Exclusive-OR operation, 20 LIM_I, 108
Exclusive-OR operation, generic, DWORD, 34 LIM_R, 91
Exclusive-OR operation, WORD, 28 Limiter, asymmetrical, DINT, 120
Execution time, 160 Limiter, asymmetrical, INT, 108
measuring time, 160 Limiter, asymmetrical, REAL, 91
EXP, 80 LN, 82
Exponential function, REAL, 80 LOG10, 83
Extended pulse, 152

Index
NEG_I, 107
NEG_R, 90
M NOR, 22
NOR operation, 22
M7 task, 186
NOR operation, generic, DWORD, 36
Start, 186
NOR operation, WORD, 30
MATH_FP, 71
NOT, 23
MATH_INT, 97
Maximum, DINT, 116
Maximum, INT, 104
Maximum, REAL, 76
O
MAXn_DI, 116 OFF delay, 152
MAXn_I, 104 ON delay, 152
MAXn_R, 76 ON delay with memory, 152
Measuring, 160 OR, 19
Execution time, 160 OR operation, 19
Memory word 0, 13 OR operation, generic, DWORD, 33
Minimum, DINT, 117 OR operation, WORD, 27
Minimum, INT, 105
Minimum, REAL, 77
MINn_DI, 117 P
MINn_I, 105
P_REASON, 193
MINn_R, 77
PA-CPU, (See CPU 410-5H PA)
MOD_DI, 115
POW10, 81
MOD_I, 103
Power of 10, REAL, 81
Modulo, DINT, 115
Power of, general, REAL, 94
Modulo, INT, 103
POWXY, 94
MUL_DI, 113
PULSE, 151
MUL_I, 101
Pulse duration modulation, 175
MUL_R, 74
Pulse generator, 152
Multiplexer, BOOL, 141
Pulse generator for proportional final control
Multiplexer, DINT, 139
elements, 175
Multiplexer, INT, 138
PULSEGEN, 175
Multiplexer, REAL, 140
Block diagram,
Multiplier, DINT, 113
Manual operation, 182
Multiplier, INT, 101
Three-step control, 180
Multiplier, REAL, 74
Three-step control asymmetrical, 181
MULTIPLX, 137
Two-step control, 182
MUXn_BO, 141
MUXn_DI, 139
MUXn_I, 138
MUXn_R, 140
R
MW0, 13 R_DI, 59
R_DW, 60
R_I, 61
N R_TRIG, 155
Reading out, 161
NAND, 21
Current time, 161
NAND operation, 21
Rising edge, 155
NAND operation, generic, DWORD, 35
Detection, 155
NAND operation, WORD, 29
ROL_DW, 133
Natural logarithm, REAL, 82
ROL_W, 132
NEG_DI, 119
ROR_DW, 135

Index
ROR_W, 134
Rotate, left, DWORD, 133
Rotate, left, WORD, 132 U
Rotate, right, DWORD, 135
Up counter, 146
Rotate, right, WORD, 134
Up/down counter, 149
RS_FF, 125
W
S
W_BO, 69
SAMP_AVE, 95
W_BY, 62
SEL_BO, 142
W_DW, 63
SEL_R, 143
W_I, 64
SHIFT, 127
WAND_DW, 32
Shift, left, DWORD, 129
WAND_W, 26
Shift, left, WORD, 128
WNAND_DW, 35
Shift, right, DWORD, 131
WNAND_W, 29
Shift, right, WORD, 130
WNOR_DW, 36
SHL_DW, 129
WNOR_W, 30
SHL_W, 128
WNOT_DW, 37
SHR_DW, 131
WNOT_W, 31
SHR_W, 130
WOR_DW, 33
SIN, 84
WOR_W, 27
Sine, REAL, 84
Word logic, 25
SQRT, 79
WRD_LGC, 25
Square root, REAL, 79
WXOR_DW, 34
SR_FF, 126
WXOR_W, 28
Start, 186
M7 task, 186
Startup on S7-300 CPUs, 13
Step control, 170
X
SUB_DI, 112 XOR, 20
SUB_I, 100
SUB_R, 73
Subtractor, DINT, 112
Subtractor, INT, 100
Subtractor, REAL, 73
SYSTEM, 185
SYSTIME, 192
T
TAN, 86
Tangent, REAL, 86
TIME, 160
TIME, group, 159
TIME_BEG, 161
TIME_END, 162
TIMER_P, 152


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Block parameters EN, ENO,

Siemens AG A5E41367261-AA Copyright © Siemens AG 2017.

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

7.5 CMP_T: Comparator for TIME values....................................................................................43

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

9.8 ABS_R: Absolute value of REAL values................................................................................78

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

10.17 DIV_DI: Division of DINT values..........................................................................................114

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

14.3 CTD: Down-counter.............................................................................................................148

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

18.9 P_REASON: Determining the cause of the process interrupt..............................................193

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

CFC blocks of the "BIT_LGC" family

AND: AND operation AND operation

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

5.2 AND: AND operation

Truth table (example of n = 2)

IN1 IN2 OUT

Name Data type Default setting

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

5.3 OR: OR operation

Truth table (example of n = 2)

IN1 IN2 OUT

Name Data type Default setting

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

5.4 XOR: Exclusive-OR operation

Truth table (example of n = 2)

IN1 IN2 OUT

Name Data type Default setting

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

5.5 NAND: NAND operation

Truth table (example of n = 2)

IN1 IN2 OUT

Name Data type Default setting

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

5.6 NOR: NOR operation

Truth table (example of n = 2)

IN1 IN2 OUT

Name Data type Default setting

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

5.7 NOT: NOT operation

Name Data type Default setting

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

CFC blocks of the "WRD_LGC" family

WAND_W: Word AND opera‐ Word AND operation

Help on CFC Elementary Blocks

6.2 WAND_W: Word AND operation

Example (two inputs)