Workplace Hazards PDF

“Anything - (material/substance, infective agent,
machine, methods, matters, situation or condition)

in the workplace that has the potential to cause
occupational injury or illness.”
Slips, Trips And Falls
Struck By Vehicle
Hostile Environment
Electrical And Hot Works
Cuts And Crushing Injuries
Extreme Weather And Environmental Conditions
Manual And Equipment Handling
Working At Heights/Falling Objects
Material And Chemical Use
Workplace Stress, Bullying And Long Hours
Substance Abuse
Waste Disposal
13A(1) every employer shall make a suitable and
sufficient annual assessment of –
The risk to safety and health of his employees to which
they are exposed while at work; and
The risk to health and safety of persons not in his

employment arising out of or in connection with the
environmental; impact of his undertaking
Part 2: 6 (2)b –use, handling, storage, and transport

of equipment, machinery, articles and substances
and to provide them with information and training in
relation to the safe use of chemicals in the workplace.
To provide a level of
understanding to the importance
of practicing safe actions and
creating safe conditions in a one’s
workspace, workplace and the
environment to prevent or reduce
accident.
It provides a satisfactory level of safety
and health protection in areas that
involves any combination of tasks.
It’s identification ensure safe practices

and creating safe conditions in
workplace.
It’s operations plays an important part in

preventing or reducing accident and ill-
health.
“Anything or condition with the potential
to cause harm”
“The potential of a substance, person,

activity or process to cause harm (injury or
illness)”
“Anything (material/substance, machine,

methods or matters) in the workplace that
has the potential to cause harm”
Anything or condition that can cause
physical injury, ill-health or fatality.
Any infective agent, substance,

situation or condition that directly
attacks the body tissues or organs
causing occupational illness or
fatality.
ROUTES OF ENTRY
1. Inhalation – taken into the body
through the lungs
2. Absorption - taken into the body
through the skin
3. Ingestion - taken into the body orally
4. Injection (direct entry) - taken into the
body through broken skin
The most common route of entry is
inhalation
Hazards that cause immediate harm such as

an injury from an accident are termed
“acute”.
Hazards where the harm is not experienced

immediately due to prolong exposure to the
health hazards are termed “chronic”.
Any pollution, waste including noise
in any form or quantity that impairs
the quality of the working
environment, such as dust, smoke,
gases, radioactivity , odors etc...
The reaction by a person subjected to

specific conditions of work and
materials which result in physical
harm (health and injury).
“How people behave at work can create hazardous
conditions”.
“Putting everything in its right
place and discarding the waste
safely”
Good housekeeping helps

prevent workplace accidents
and illnesses.
MESS
AND
CLUTTER
BURNS AND SPILLS
Having your desk
equipment set up
incorrectly may
increase the
chance of
developing safety
and health
problems.
Fire is a huge risk to any
business, no matter
what industry it is in. So
it is important for
business owners to do
what they can to reduce
the risk of a fire.
Objects should not be

stacked directly below
sprinklers as this can
reduce their
effectiveness.
Using electrical equipment
at work is a risk of injury.
To reduce the risk of
injury, make sure that only
one extension cord is used.
at a time.
Running wires across
the office floor creates
a trip hazard. Wires
should be kept away
from thoroughfares.
Discards must be disposed of in a way that
will not harm people or negatively affect the
environment.
Type Of Chemical.
Specific Hazards
Health Effects.
Physical Effects
Hazard Warnings and Instructions.
Environmental Hazards (Safe Disposal)
Protection For The User

All storage must be at least
50feet from fire sources
Flammable and combustible

liquids are potential fuel
sources for fires and are
present in almost every
workplace.
Storage refers to the storage of
hazardous substances in chemical
stores, chemical cabinets or similar.
When incompatible chemicals are stored very
closely, it may result in violent reactions such as
fires, explosions and toxic release.
Incorrect storage of incompatible chemicals is one

of the most common causes of chemical accidents.
“The movement of a load by human effort
alone”
It may involve;
 Pushing.
 Pulling.
 Carrying.
 Moving using bodily force.
 Straightforward lifting.
These can be applied directly or indirectly

using a rope or a lever.
Make It Easy on Your Back
Incorrect manual handling

is one of the most common
causes of injury in the
workplace.
It causes work-related
musculoskeletal disorders
(MSDs) which account for
over a third of all
workplace injuries.
The use of alcohol and other drugs can have
a harmful effect on the health, safety and
wellbeing of individuals, either within or
outside a work environment.
The use of alcohol and other drugs, even in

small amounts, can impair our performance,
judgement, coordination, concentration and
alertness.
NEVER WORK OR DRIVE UNDER THE

INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL OR DRUGS
CONSEQUENCE
1. IDENTIFICATION
Look for the hazard
2. ASSESSMENT and EVALUATION

Decide who might be harmed, how and to what
extent
3. CONTROLS
Decide whether the existing precautions are
adequate or more should be done
4. MONITORING and REVIEWING

Periodic checking for continuous improvement
CONTROLS
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
“Removing the hazard from the
worker”
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
“Removing the worker from the
hazard”
Management Spills with routine and spot cleaning
Keep aisles and stairways clear.
Installing warning signs and mirrors to help improve

sight lines in blind corners.
Have regular workspace and workplace inspections.
Maintenance schedules.
Keep walkways clear.
Objects that cannot be moved, be highlight

 Supervision
 Instruction and Training
 Signage and Posters
 Notices and Reporting
 Labeling
 Material Safety Data Sheet
 Safe Systems Of Work

a) As regards any duty or requirement imposed on his
employer to cooperate with him so far as necessary
to ensure that that duty or requirement is
performed or complied with.
b) To report to his employer, any contravention under

this Act or any regulations made thereunder, the
existence of which he knows;
All unsafe acts or unsafe conditions created by

individuals must be immediately reported to
management or supervisors (a part of in-house
accident prevention program)
1) Be Aware Of Your Surroundings
Know the particular hazards of your job or
workplace.
2) Keep Correct Posture To Protect Your Back

When lifting, use correct postures and techniques
so your back doesn’t get hurt.
3) Take Regular Breaks

Many work-related injuries and illnesses occur
because a worker is tired, burned out and not
alert to their surroundings.
4) Use Tools And Equipment Properly
Take the proper precautions when using tools, and
never take shortcuts. Using tools and equipment
the right way greatly reduces the chance of
workplace injury.
5) Keep Emergency Exits Easily Accessible

In case of an emergency, you’ll need quick, easy
access to the exits.
6) Report Unsafe Conditions To Your Supervisor

Your supervisor needs to be informed about any
workplace safety hazards or risks.
7) Use Mechanical Aids Whenever Possible
Instead of attempting to carry or lift something that’s
really heavy in an attempt to save time.
8) Stay Sober
Around three percent of workplace fatalities occur due to
alcohol and drug use.
9) Reduce Workplace Stress

Stress can lead to depression and concentration problems.
Take your concerns about workplace stress to your
supervisor to see how they might help you address them.
10) Wear The Correct Safety Equipment

If you’re not wearing the correct safety equipment for a
task, you may get injured.
Information and Awareness Training.
Supervision and Instruction.
Personal Protective Equipment.
Job Resources.
Positive Safety Culture.
Employer / Employee Commitment.
Reporting and Investigation.
SUMMARY
Prevention is the first and safest and also the

most effective measure of control for safety,
health and environment hazards.
What controls should be
implemented to prevent an accident
Questions
Comments
Suggestions

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“Anything - (material/substance, infective agent,

machine, methods, matters, situation or condition)

The risk to health and safety of persons not in his

Part 2: 6 (2)b –use, handling, storage, and transport

It’s identification ensure safe practices

It’s operations plays an important part in

“The potential of a substance, person,

“Anything (material/substance, machine,

Any infective agent, substance,

Hazards that cause immediate harm such as

Hazards where the harm is not experienced

The reaction by a person subjected to

Good housekeeping helps

Objects should not be

Hazard Warnings and Instructions.

Environmental Hazards (Safe Disposal)

Protection For The User

Flammable and combustible

Incorrect storage of incompatible chemicals is one

These can be applied directly or indirectly

Incorrect manual handling

The use of alcohol and other drugs, even in

NEVER WORK OR DRIVE UNDER THE

2. ASSESSMENT and EVALUATION

4. MONITORING and REVIEWING

Keep aisles and stairways clear.

Installing warning signs and mirrors to help improve

Have regular workspace and workplace inspections.

Keep walkways clear.

Objects that cannot be moved, be highlight

 Instruction and Training

 Signage and Posters

 Notices and Reporting

 Material Safety Data Sheet

 Safe Systems Of Work

b) To report to his employer, any contravention under

All unsafe acts or unsafe conditions created by

2) Keep Correct Posture To Protect Your Back

3) Take Regular Breaks

5) Keep Emergency Exits Easily Accessible

6) Report Unsafe Conditions To Your Supervisor

9) Reduce Workplace Stress

10) Wear The Correct Safety Equipment

Prevention is the first and safest and also the

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