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    Module-4 Class-IX (PHYSICS) : Thrust and Pressure

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    Dimitri
    The document discusses different topics related to physics including thrust, pressure, fluid pressure, buoyancy, and why objects float or sink. It defines thrust as a force acting perpendicular to a surface and pressure as thrust per unit area. Pressure is inversely proportional to contact area. Fluid pressure increases with depth and density and depends on height, density, and gravity. Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object within it. An object will sink if its weight is greater than the buoyant force, float if the weight is less than the buoyant force, and float inside the liquid if the weight and buoyant force are equal.

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    Module-4 Class-IX (PHYSICS) : Thrust and Pressure

    Uploaded by

    Dimitri
    93 views3 pages
    The document discusses different topics related to physics including thrust, pressure, fluid pressure, buoyancy, and why objects float or sink. It defines thrust as a force acting perpendicular to a surface and pressure as thrust per unit area. Pressure is inversely proportional to contact area. Fluid pressure increases with depth and density and depends on height, density, and gravity. Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object within it. An object will sink if its weight is greater than the buoyant force, float if the weight is less than the buoyant force, and float inside the liquid if the weight and buoyant force are equal.

    Original Title

    IX_PHY_L10_M04_GRAVITATION_HANDOUT

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    The document discusses different topics related to physics including thrust, pressure, fluid pressure, buoyancy, and why objects float or sink. It defines thrust as a force acting perpendicular to a surface and pressure as thrust per unit area. Pressure is inversely proportional to contact area. Fluid pressure increases with depth and density and depends on height, density, and gravity. Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object within it. An object will sink if its weight is greater than the buoyant force, float if the weight is less than the buoyant force, and float inside the liquid if the weight and buoyant force are equal.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    93 views3 pages

    Module-4 Class-IX (PHYSICS) : Thrust and Pressure

    Uploaded by

    Dimitri
    The document discusses different topics related to physics including thrust, pressure, fluid pressure, buoyancy, and why objects float or sink. It defines thrust as a force acting perpendicular to a surface and pressure as thrust per unit area. Pressure is inversely proportional to contact area. Fluid pressure increases with depth and density and depends on height, density, and gravity. Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object within it. An object will sink if its weight is greater than the buoyant force, float if the weight is less than the buoyant force, and float inside the liquid if the weight and buoyant force are equal.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Module-4

    Class-IX (PHYSICS)

    Thrust and Pressure:

    The force acting on an object perpendicular to the surface is called thrust. It is vector
    quantity and SI Unit of thrust is Newton.
    Thrust per unit Area is called Pressure.

    𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝐹 𝑚𝑔
    Pressure = = =
    𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 𝐴

    The SI unit of pressure as N/m2 or N m–2. In honour of scientist Blaise Pascal, the SI unit of
    pressure is called Pascal, denoted as Pa.
    At constant thrust or force, Pressure is inversely proportional to contact area. For example
    That is Why is it difficult to hold a school bag having a strap made of a thin and strong
    string because it make small contact area on our shoulders and feel more pressure.
    Example: A block of wood is kept on a tabletop. The mass of wooden block is 5 kg and its
    dimensions are 40 cm × 20 cm × 10 cm. Find the pressure exerted by the wooden block on
    the table top if it is made to lie on the table top with its sides of dimensions as shown in fig.
    (a) 20 cm × 10 cm and (b) 40 cm × 20 cm
    . Solution:
    PRESSURE IN FLUIDS:
    All liquids and gases are fluids. A solid exerts pressure on a surface due to its weight.
    Similarly, fluids have weight, and they also exert pressure on the base and walls of the
    container in which they are enclosed.
    1.Fluid pressure is directly proportional to depth of fluid.
    that is fluid pressure is increases with depth.
    2. Fluid pressure is directly proportional to density
    of fluid. It means fluid pressure is increasing of density
    3. Fluid pressure is depends on g, but at certain place it
    Value is constant.
    Fluid pressure is given by,
    P = h.d.g

    Where, h = height of vertical coloum.


    d = density of fluid.
    g = acceleration due to gravity.

    Buoyancy and Buoyant Force:


    Have you ever had a swim in a pool and felt lighter?
    Have you ever drawn water from a well and felt that the bucket of water is heavier when it is
    out of the water?
    Have you ever wondered why a ship made of iron and steel does not sink in sea water, but
    whether the same amount of iron and steel in the form of a sheet would sink?
    These questions can be answered by taking buoyancy in consideration. Let us understand the
    meaning of buoyancy.
    When an object is immersed in fluid(any gas or liquid) completely or partially then the
    object experienced a force in upward direction, this force is called buoyant force or upthrust,
    while an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of a partially or fully
    immersed object.
    In fact, all objects experience a force of buoyancy when they are immersed in a fluid. The
    magnitude of this buoyant force depends on the density of the fluid.
    Mathematically,
    Buoyant force = v.ρ.g
    Where, v = volume of liquid displace by immersed part of the body.
    ρ = density of fluid
    g = acceleration due to Gravity.

    Cause of Buoyancy:
    Let a cylindrical object is completely immersed
    in a liquid as shown in fig.
    P = h.d.g
    Always,
    P2 (at lower surface) > p1(at upper surface)
    (because h2 > h1)
    F2 (at lower surface) > F1(at upper surface)
    Resultant force is always upward.
    Why objects float or sink when placed on the surface of water?
    The force due to the gravitational attraction of the earth acts on the object in the downward
    direction. So the object is pulled downwards. But the water exerts an upward force on the
    Object (that is buoyant force). So there are three possibility
    Case –I: Weight of the Body (W1) > Buoyant Force (F1) Object will Sink

    Weight of the Body (W1)

    Buoyant Force(F1)

    Case-I (W1 > F1 ) Sink

    Case –II: Weight of the Body (W1) < Buoyant Force(F2) Object will Float

    Buoyant Force(F1)

    Case-II (W1 < F1 ) Float

    Case –III: Weight of the Body (W1) = Buoyant Force (F2) Object will Float inside the liquid surface

    Case-III (W1 = F1 ) Float inside the liquid

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