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    Fundamental Physics - Black Body Radiation - Wikiversity

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    Lucas
    Planck's law of black-body radiation describes the spectral radiance of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature T. The law states that the spectral radiance is directly proportional to a wavelength-dependent factor divided by the exponential of a second factor containing the wavelength and temperature. Wien's displacement law shows that the wavelength of peak spectral radiance is inversely proportional to temperature. The Stefan-Boltzmann law can be derived by integrating Planck's law and states that the total electromagnetic radiative power emitted per unit surface area of a black body depends solely on the temperature in a fourth-power relationship.

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    Fundamental Physics - Black Body Radiation - Wikiversity

    Uploaded by

    Lucas
    22 views4 pages
    Planck's law of black-body radiation describes the spectral radiance of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature T. The law states that the spectral radiance is directly proportional to a wavelength-dependent factor divided by the exponential of a second factor containing the wavelength and temperature. Wien's displacement law shows that the wavelength of peak spectral radiance is inversely proportional to temperature. The Stefan-Boltzmann law can be derived by integrating Planck's law and states that the total electromagnetic radiative power emitted per unit surface area of a black body depends solely on the temperature in a fourth-power relationship.

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    Radiação espectral

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    Fundamental Physics_Black body radiation - Wikiversity(0)

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    Planck's law of black-body radiation describes the spectral radiance of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature T. The law states that the spectral radiance is directly proportional to a wavelength-dependent factor divided by the exponential of a second factor containing the wavelength and temperature. Wien's displacement law shows that the wavelength of peak spectral radiance is inversely proportional to temperature. The Stefan-Boltzmann law can be derived by integrating Planck's law and states that the total electromagnetic radiative power emitted per unit surface area of a black body depends solely on the temperature in a fourth-power relationship.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    22 views4 pages

    Fundamental Physics - Black Body Radiation - Wikiversity

    Uploaded by

    Lucas
    Planck's law of black-body radiation describes the spectral radiance of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature T. The law states that the spectral radiance is directly proportional to a wavelength-dependent factor divided by the exponential of a second factor containing the wavelength and temperature. Wien's displacement law shows that the wavelength of peak spectral radiance is inversely proportional to temperature. The Stefan-Boltzmann law can be derived by integrating Planck's law and states that the total electromagnetic radiative power emitted per unit surface area of a black body depends solely on the temperature in a fourth-power relationship.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Wikiversity

    Fundamental
    Physics/Black body
    radiation
    < Fundamental Physics

    Black body radiation

    Planck's law of black-body radiation


    Plank's law

    Với

    Bν(T) is the spectral radiance (the power per unit solid angle and per unit of area normal to
    the propagation) density of frequency ν radiation per unit frequency at thermal equilibrium
    at temperature T.
    h is the Planck constant;
    c is the speed of light in a vacuum;
    k is the Boltzmann constant;
    ν is the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation;
    T is the absolute temperature of the body.

    For a black body surface the spectral radiance density (defined per unit of area normal to the
    propagation) is independent of the angle of emission with respect to the normal. However,
    this means that, following Lambert's cosine law, is the radiance density per unit
    area of emitting surface as the surface area involved in generating the radiance is increased
    by a factor with respect to an area normal to the propagation direction. At oblique
    angles, the solid angle spans involved do get smaller, resulting in lower aggregate intensities.

    Wien's displacement law

    Wien's displacement law shows how the spectrum of black-body radiation at any temperature
    is related to the spectrum at any other temperature. If we know the shape of the spectrum at
    one temperature, we can calculate the shape at any other temperature. Spectral intensity can
    be expressed as a function of wavelength or of frequency.

    A consequence of Wien's displacement law is that the wavelength at which the intensity per
    unit wavelength of the radiation produced by a black body is at a maximum, , is a
    function only of the temperature:

    where the constant b, known as Wien's displacement constant, is equal to


    −3

    2.897 7729(17) × 10  K m

    Planck's law was also stated above as a function of frequency. The intensity maximum for
    this is given by
    .

    Stefan–Boltzmann law

    By integrating over the frequency the integrated radiance is

    by using with and with

    being the Stefan–Boltzmann constant. The

    radiance is then

    per unit of emitting surface.

    On a side note, at a distance d, the intensity per area of radiating surface is the useful
    expression

    when the receiving surface is perpendicular to the radiation.

    By subsequently integrating over the solid angle (where ) the Stefan–Boltzmann


    law is calculated, stating that the power j* emitted per unit area of the surface of a black
    body is directly proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature:

    by using
    Retrieved from
    "https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?
    title=Fundamental_Physics/Black_body_radiation
    &oldid=1895245"


    Last edited 4 years ago by 205.189.94.13

    Wikiversity

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