ATS Emergency Response Checklists

ATS EMERGENCY RESPONSE CHECKLIST 0-1
ATS
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
CHECKLISTS
DATE
RECORD OF PRINTED AMENDMENTS
Amendmen Effective DATE Entered

t number DATE entered by Reference
DATE
PAGE CHECKLIST
0-1 DATE Forced Landing or Ditching
0-2 DATE FLD 1 DATE
0-3 DATE FLD 2 DATE
0-4 DATE FLD 3 DATE
0-5 DATE FLD 4 DATE
General Fuel Dumping

GEN 1 DATE FDU 1 DATE
GEN 2 DATE FDU 2 DATE
GEN 3 DATE
GEN 4 DATE Aircraft Communications Failure
GEN 5 DATE RCF 1 DATE
GEN 6 DATE RCF 2 DATE
RCF 3 DATE
ELT Signals RCF 4 DATE
ELT 1 DATE RCF 5 DATE
ELT 2 DATE RCF 6 DATE
RCF 7 DATE
VFR Above Cloud RCF 8 DATE
CLD 1 DATE RCF 9 DATE
CLD 2 DATE
CLD 3 DATE Bomb Threat
BOM 1 DATE
VFR in IMC BOM 2 DATE
IMC 1 DATE BOM 3 DATE
VFR Uncertain of Position Hijack

UPO 1 DATE HIJ 1 DATE
UPO 2 DATE HIJ 2 DATE
HIJ 3 DATE
Aircraft Malfunction HIJ 4 DATE
MAL 1 DATE HIJ 5 DATE
MAL 2 DATE
MAL 3 DATE
DATE
IN-FLIGHT EMERGENCY
RESPONSE CHECKLISTS
AMENDMENT NR XXX
EFFECTIVE DATE: DATE

(Effective from XXXX UTC)
ADVISE RECEIPT OF THIS AMENDMENT BY

[Contact]
The document holder is responsible for amending

their document on the effective date.
Change Sheet
1.
General
This amendment contains the following significant changes:
DATE
Authorised by:
NAME
TITLE
DATE
ATS EMERGENCY RESPONSE CHECKLIST GEN 1
GENERAL
 Specific procedures cannot be prescribed for all possible

emergency situations. The actions listed are not intended to be
used in a specific order, rather to be used in a sequence that is
most appropriate to the situation at hand.
 When an emergency exists or is imminent, select and pursue a
course of action which appears to be the most appropriate under
the circumstances, and which most nearly conforms to the
guidance contained in this document. Keep it simple!
 Initially the person declaring the emergency is responsible for
advising RCC, however this may be delegated to the ATC DUTY
MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR, an appropriate controller, or
manager, during the declaration process.
 The person thus delegated should be the central point of contact.
 Normal critical initial actions –
 Acknowledge
 Emergency
 Alarms
 Confirm aircraft’s identity and location
 Record time
 Assess
 Nature of the problem
 Pilot’s intentions
 Pilot’s requirements
 Time available for response
 Separate
 Resolve immediate separation/conflict problems
 Provide safety alerts on traffic, terrain or other hazards
 Coordinate Immediate coordination requirements
 Phase
 Declare the appropriate phase
 Notify supervisor
1. Acknowledge declaration of emergency

 Advice from aircraft of an emergency state Distress (MAYDAY)
or Urgency (PAN PAN) shall be read back by the ATS unit
receiving the advice.
 When an aircraft already in a state of emergency advised to ATS
comes onto a sector or unit frequency, on first contact with the
aircraft the sector/unit shall acknowledge the emergency state,
either in response to the pilot's advice or proactively.
 If the pilot has not declared an emergency obtain as much
information as possible from the pilot without increasing cockpit
workload.
 If you are unable to obtain the information and you are in doubt
that a situation constitutes an emergency or a potential emergency,
handle it as though it were an emergency.
 Take control of the communications, or specifically and clearly
transfer that responsibility to another unit or operating position
better suited to assist the aircraft, and advise the aircraft when the
transfer is made.
 Impose radio silence as and when required - “ALL STATIONS
[or specific aircraft] STOP TRANSMITTING, MAYDAY OUT”.
2. Assign traffic priorities
Continued…
3. Provide maximum assistance

 Obtain enough information to handle the emergency. Restrict
RTF enquiries as the pilot may have a high cockpit workload.
 If RTF enquiries indicate that the pilot is not capable of decision
making, assess the risks of taking control, and provide instructions
appropriate to the circumstances:
 if available, seek assistance from a qualified pilot/instructor.
 Seek assistance from within the unit, and seek surveillance

assistance where available.
 Establish or Update the aircraft's last known position.
 Use other aircraft to locate, relay, listen for ELT signals, as
appropriate.
4. Limit your workload

 Where necessary and possible, coordinate and transfer control of
other aircraft to another unit or operating position.
5. Declare appropriate emergency phase:

 INCERFA except when no doubt exists as to the safety of the
aircraft and its occupants.
 ALERFA except, in cases other than HIJACK, when
evidence exists that would allay apprehension as to
the safety of the aircraft and its occupants.
 DETRESFA except when there is reasonable certainty that the
aircraft and its occupants are not threatened by
grave and imminent danger and do not require
immediate assistance.
Notifying the RCC by phone transfers the responsibility for SAR action
to the RCC. It is then the responsibility of the RCC to amend or cancel
the alerting action when appropriate.
6. Record information and action taken
Continued…
7. Notify
 ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR
Some or all of the following may be delegated to the
ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR or other
sector/unit if they are able to assist
 aircraft operator
 advise RCC of the emergency phase declared:
  XXXX direct line; or
  [Contact]; or
  [Contact] (RCC).
The advice shall include such information as is available in the

order listed:
 your name, company and appointment;
 emergency phase declared;
 aircraft registration and identification;
 aircraft type;
 nature of the emergency;
 DEP and DEST aerodromes plus, if appropriate, advice on
which aerodromes have been checked;
 other significant information from the flight plan;
 unit that made last contact, time, and radio frequency used;
 last position report and how determined;
 colour and distinctive marks of aircraft;
 dangerous goods carried as cargo;
 any other information relating to the state of emergency;
and
 any action taken by Airways.
Follow the verbal notification with details via

[COMMUNICATION SYSTEM], unless the RCC requests
otherwise.
Continued…
 advise the [STATE REGULATOR] Emergency Operations

Centre if the emergency is Bomb Warning or HiJack 
[CONTACT].
 your name, company and appointment;
 emergency phase declared;
 nature of the emergency;
 relevant flight plan details;
 unit that made last contact, time, and means used;
 last position report and how determined;
 intended or assumed route;
 colour and distinctive marks of aircraft;
 dangerous goods carried as cargo; and
 any action taken by Airways.
 Follow the verbal notification with details via AFTN message

unless the RCC or [STATE REGULATOR] requests otherwise.
 ALR
 ELT
 Hijack
 Bomb
8. Establish a single point of contact as appropriate with:

 the aircraft operator;
 RCC;
 Police;
 [STATE REGULATOR].
9. Advise RCC / aircraft operator / State Regulator] of any

useful information via central point of contact or direct if
necessary.
Continued…
10. Refer to Aerodrome Emergency Plan for activation of

aerodrome emergency services for emergencies on the
aerodrome and within the area of jurisdiction of the plan.
11. Refer to Unit Emergency Plan for non-aircraft emergencies

on the ground which affects Airways personnel and
property.
12. Refer all media enquiries to the Head of Public Affairs

 See Manual of ATS GEN and/or Unit Emergency Plan.
 If applicable, ring the Head of Public Affairs.
ATS EMERGENCY RESPONSE CHECKLIST ELT 1
ELT SIGNALS
The AIP GEN section permits operational testing of aircraft ELT as

follows:
 ELT self test is authorised on 121.5 MHz/406 MHz as follows:
 Tests should be no longer than three audio sweeps and
NOT exceed 20 seconds; and
 Tests may be conducted ONLY within the time period
made up of the first five minutes after each hour.
 Emergency tests outside the specified time period must be
coordinated with both the nearest ATS unit and RCC.
Advise the person making the request to contact the
RCC  [CONTACT].
 Airborne ELT tests are NOT permitted.
1. If an ELT signal whose source cannot be identified is heard

or reported, and does not conform to the duration and time
for testing, take the following action:
2. Request the aircraft or person to report:

 Position, altitude and time when the signal was first received; and
 Frequency of signal [121.5/406 MHz]; and
 If the signal is continuous or intermittent; and
 Was the signal received:
 while monitoring the distress frequency; or
 on selection of the distress frequency?
 gradually or abruptly?
 with squelch in or out?
3. Request the aircraft or person:

 Not to adjust squelch; and
 To continue to listen out; and
 To report position, altitude and time when the signal is last
received.
Continued…
4. Declare DETRESFA
 Notify
 ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR
 by phone; or
 by XXXX message followed by phone advice.
 aircraft operator
 advise DETRESFA to RCC:
  XXXX direct line; or
  [Contact]; or
  [Contact] (RCC).
Pass all known information including that of unaccounted
aircraft in your area.
 send appropriate AFTN messages:
 RCC / ELT Check - Request for check of ELT source.
 RCC / ELT Report - Aircraft report of ELT reception details
including cessation reports.
 Establish a central point of contact with the operator and RCC
 Update RCC / operator / ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC
SUPERVISOR with new information
 Notify RCC / ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR if
the ELT signals cease.
 Respond to RCC requests.
 Request other aircraft in the area to listen out
 Request DF capable aircraft to advise bearing of signal
 If the signal strength indicates that it may be emanating from or
in the vicinity of your aerodrome [or an aerodrome in your area of
responsibility], request aircraft operators [through TWR/AFIS as
appropriate] to check their aircraft to ensure that the ELT signal
has not been inadvertently activated
 If a pilot reports inadvertent activation of an ELT, notify the
ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR and/or RCC
immediately in order that any SAR action commenced as a result
of the transmission may be terminated.
 Pass all available information to assist the RCC:
 name of person reporting, aircraft callsign/ident, time of
activation/cessation, location, why activated, etc.
 Account for all known aircraft in the area

 Notify the ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR and/or
RCC if any known aircraft does not respond.
ATS EMERGENCY RESPONSE CHECKLIST CLD 1
VFR ABOVE CLOUD
 Keep instructions simple and distractions to a minimum.

 Keep regular contact without overloading.
 Instil confidence and reassurance.
1. Establish:
 Position and time of last visual reference to the ground;
 Altitude;
 Heading;
 Pilot experience;
 Extent of cloud cover;
 Fuel endurance and PERSONS/SOULS ON BOARD;
 Whether the aircraft is equipped for instrument flight; and/or
 Whether the type of navigation equipment on board can be used
by the pilot.
2. Advise pilot to remain:

 Clear of cloud;
 Straight and level where possible; and
 On frequency.
3. Notify the Surveillance controller serving the area, and

transfer the aircraft if appropriate.
Continued…
4. Declare appropriate SAR phase

 Notify

 aircraft operator;
 advise appropriate emergency phase to RCC:
Pass all known information.
 send appropriate ALR message:
 Establish a central point of contact with the operator and RCC;

 Update RCC / Operator / ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC
SUPERVISOR with new information.
5. Determine location
 Request the aircraft to squawk 7700 and identify if possible; or
 If no surveillance contact use:
 bearing and distance from a navaid; and/or
 last known position, direction and speed; and/or
 latitude/longitude position from GPS or other such capable
equipment; and/or
 bearing from VDF/aircraft DF stations; and/or
 information from ACAS equipped aircraft in vicinity;
and/or
 [STATE REGULATOR] ELT satellite tracking system.
 Advise the pilot once position is established.
6. Determine the weather in the area

 Establish areas clear of cloud or broken cloud from:
 Pilot reports;
 ATS units, including ATIS;
 AWS reports;
 METAR/SPECI;
 METAR AUTO;
 Basic Weather Reports.
7. Limit traffic
 Keep emergency aircraft on the frequency, or transfer to a
discrete frequency.
 Retain other aircraft on the frequency as necessary for:
 advice on or escort to a clear weather area;
 technical advice;
 terrain and local knowledge; and
 relaying messages if required.
8. Remind the pilot to:

 Remain clear of cloud; and
 Keep the aircraft straight and level where possible.
9. Inform the pilot of:

 Actions you are taking; and
 Any other information as it comes to hand.
10. Remember to:

 Get/keep the aircraft within surveillance cover;
 Keep the aircraft within VHF coverage;
 Assist the aircraft to an area where ground sighting is possible; or
 Assist the aircraft to a suitable destination, if required.
11. Visual reference established with the ground:

 Assist the aircraft to the next position/destination.
 If position unknown, go to “VFR UNCERTAIN OF
POSITION” section.
12. Visual reference NOT established with the ground:

 Follow instructions in “VFR IN IMC” section.
ATS EMERGENCY RESPONSE CHECKLIST IMC 1
VFR In IMC

 Keep regular contact without overloading.
 Instil confidence and reassurance.
 If available, seek assistance from a qualified
pilot/instructor.
1. Advise the pilot to:

 Relax and hold the controls lightly; and
 Concentrate on aircraft attitude:
 trim the aircraft;
 set cruise power;
 keep wings level;
 keep speed constant;
 scan all instruments;
 trust instruments;
 maintain altitude.
2. Establish:
 Heading and altitude;
 Last known position;
 Weather conditions encountered by the pilot;
 Navigation equipment on board the aircraft;
 The pilot’s instrument flight experience;
 If one is available on board, the pilot’s ability to use the
autopilot;
 PERSONS/SOULS ON BOARD - whether anyone else on board
is able to assist; and
 Fuel remaining.
3. Determine terrain in the area
Continued…
4. If required, suggest that the pilot climb to a safe altitude

 Advise the pilot to make all manoeuvres smoothly;
 Avoid prolonged climbs; and
 Avoid turns during climbs.

equipment; and/or
 bearings from VDF/aircraft DF stations; and/or
and/or
7. Declare ALERFA (any indication of likely or actual control

problems should be DETRESFA).
 Notify

 advise ALERFA emergency phase to RCC:
 send AFTN ALERFA message:

8. Determine the weather in the area

 Establish areas clear of cloud or broken cloud from:
 Pilot reports;
 ATS units, ATIS;
 AWS reports;
 METAR/SPECI;
 METAR AUTO;
 Basic Weather Reports.
9. Limit traffic
 Keep emergency aircraft on the frequency, or transfer the aircraft
to a discrete frequency.
 advice on or escort to a clear weather area;
 terrain and local knowledge; and
10. Remind the pilot to:

 Relax and hold controls lightly;
 Scan and trust the instruments; and
 Keep the aircraft straight and level.

Continued…
12. Remember to:

 Keep any manoeuvring in IMC to a minimum when assisting
aircraft to an area clear of cloud. Use:
 a reciprocal track [return to the last VMC area]; or
 another track to a clear area; or
 descent below cloud base; or
 climb above cloud tops and proceed to known clear area.
 Assist the aircraft to a suitable destination, if required.
13. Agree on a course of action

 Advise the ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR; and
 Provide information or instructions to assist the pilot to an area
clear of cloud; or
 If giving instructions for descent through cloud, use
phraseologies such as:
 “WHEN INSTRUCTED TO COMMENCE DESCENT,
CONCENTRATE ON MAINTAINING WINGS LEVEL,
AND MAINTAIN A CONSTANT RATE OF DESCENT.
QNH IS [....].”
 “FLY HEADING [...°] (preferably a northerly heading for
a limited instrument panel). COMMENCE DESCENT AS
SOON AS YOU ARE READY. DESCEND UNTIL VISUAL.
AERODROME/GROUND ELEVATION IS [....] FT.
REPORT COMMENCING DESCENT AND WHEN BELOW
CLOUD.”
14. Visual reference established with the ground

 Assist the aircraft to the next position/destination.
 If position unknown, go to `VFR UNCERTAIN OF
POSITION’ section.
MATS RAC 7 - IFERCUPO 1
VFR UNCERTAIN OF POSITION
1. Establish:
 Last known position and time;
 Altitude;
 Heading;
 Pilot experience;
 Extent of cloud cover and general MET conditions; and
 Endurance and PERSONS/SOULS ON BOARD - whether anyone
else on board is able to assist.
2. Advise the pilot to remain:

 On the frequency; and
 Clear of cloud.

 Provide the Surveillance controller with the last known position
and heading of the aircraft.

 Notify

 advise emergency phase to RCC:
 Send appropriate ALR message:

Continued…
 If no Surveillance contact use:
 pilot report of distinctive geographical features; e.g. towns,
lakes, rivers, etc; and/or
equipment; and/or
and/or
6. Limit traffic if necessary

 advice on or escort to a clear weather area; and
7. Remember to:
 Keep the aircraft within VHF coverage; and
 Assist with navigation to the next landmark, feature or
aerodrome; or
 If required, assist the aircraft to the nearest suitable aerodrome.

MATS RAC 7 - IFERCMAL 1
AIRCRAFT MALFUNCTION
EMERGENCY DESCENTS
1. Clear the airspace below the aircraft

 Issue specific instructions if time available; or
 Broadcast: “EMERGENCY DESCENT AT [place]. ALL
AIRCRAFT BELOW [level] WITHIN [distance] OF [place or aid]
LEAVE IMMEDIATELY [specific directional information if
applicable].”
 Aircraft may not always advise prior to making an emergency

descent.
 Descent could be in any direction.
 Pressurisation failure descent will normally be to approx. 10,000ft.

 Notify

  [CONTACT]; or
  [CONTACT] (RCC).

3. Provide:
 Assistance to the aircraft in emergency; and
 Separation between the aircraft in emergency and other

controlled flights in your area.
AIRCRAFT MALFUNCTIONS
OTHER THAN EMERGENCY DESCENTS
1. Establish:
 The nature of the problem:
 effect on performance;
 assistance required; and
 degree of urgency.
 Destination; and
 Which aerodrome emergency phase is required. Ask the pilot to
specify ‘Full Emergency’, ‘Local Standby’ or ‘None’.
2. Increase separation if aircraft unable to maintain altitude or

track.


 Notify


Continued…
equipment; and/or
6. Limit traffic if necessary.

 advice on or escort to the nearest suitable aerodrome;
 advice on weather, terrain and local knowledge; and
7. Remember to:
 Get/keep the aircraft within surveillance cover, where possible;
 Provide information and instructions to assist the aircraft; and
 If required, assist the aircraft to the nearest suitable aerodrome.
8. Agree on a course of action

 If the pilot plans to dump fuel, go to ‘FUEL DUMPING’
section.
9. Aircraft landing
 At your aerodrome:
 Carry out actions in Aerodrome Emergency Plan applicable
to the requested or determined emergency phase.
 Elsewhere:
 Carry out actions as for forced landing or ditching.
ATS EMERGENCY RESPONSE CHECKLIST FLD 1
ACTIVATION OF EMERGENCY SERVICES
FORCED LANDING
CRASH
DITCHING
(imminent or actual)
Is
the aircraft
location within
the defined areas of
the Aerodrome
Emergency
Plan?
Yes No
Activate DETRESFA
Aerodrome
Emergency
Is the
Plan location
known, or can it
be readily
determined?
Yes No
Rescue Search & Rescue

POLICE (XXX) RCC
via DUTY MANAGER via DUTY MANAGER
If time permits, inform RCC RCC will coordinate
of possible
with Police and
ELT activation.
emergency services.
FORCED LANDING OR DITCHING
1. Determine:
 Suitable landing areas in the vicinity, and advise the pilot; and
 Whether VHF coverage is likely to remain adequate.

3. If not known and time permits, determine location

 If no surveillance contact, use any of the following without
increasing pilot workload:
equipment; and/or
4. Keep emergency aircraft on frequency, or if practical,

transfer the aircraft to a discrete frequency.
 advice on weather, terrain and local knowledge;
 advice on or escort to the nearest suitable
aerodrome/landing area;
 technical advice; and
Continued…
5. If not known, obtain following information without

increasing pilot workload:
 Reason for enforced descent;
 Level;
 In-flight conditions; and
 PERSONS/SOULS ON BOARD.
6. Aircraft landing at your aerodrome, or operating within the

area of jurisdiction of your AEP
 Declare Aerodrome “Full Emergency” Phase.
7. If aircraft operating beyond the area of jurisdiction of an

AEP, declare DETRESFA
 Notify
 ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR;

 if aircraft position is known and within the XXXX FIR (or
approximately known):
 Police on 111; provide all information that may assist them
to identify suitable rescue resources
 RCC of possible ELT activation, if time permits;
 if aircraft position is not known, advise DETRESFA phase
to RCC:
  [CONTACT]; or
  [CONTACT] (RCC).
pass all known information;
 send appropriate ALR message;
 Establish a central point of contact with the operator / Police

and/or RCC;
 Update Police / RCC / operator / ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC
SUPERVISOR with new information;
 Respond to Police / RCC requests;
 Notify RCC when the emergency situation no longer exists.
8. Aircraft landing/ditching at other than an attended

aerodrome, either within or beyond the area of jurisdiction
of an AEP
 Keep emergency aircraft on the frequency, or if possible, transfer
the aircraft to an appropriate frequency.
 Determine survival gear carried.
 Divert other suitable aircraft; or
retain other aircraft on the frequency as necessary to assist with
visual observation of the aircraft and to provide advice on:
 suitable landing areas;
 accurate position of intended landing/ditching site;
 people, buildings, boats, etc. in the vicinity of the landing
area;
 road access to the landing area; and
 advice on weather and terrain; and/or
 relay messages as required.
 Request pilot to activate ELT if possible.

 Request the pilot of the emergency aircraft to report on the
ground if possible [radio, cellphone, telephone].
ATS EMERGENCY RESPONSE CHECKLIST FDU 1
FUEL DUMPING
 Fuel dumping is normally carried out below the freezing

level:
 Preferably at least 2000ft above water; or
 At least 6000ft above terrain, and clear of built up
areas.
1. Reach agreement with the pilot on the fuel dump area

 The route and level;
 Weather conditions in which the operation will be conducted,
preferably clear of thunderstorms, reported or expected;
 The duration of the fuel dumping; and
 The period of silence and frequency to be monitored by the flight
if radio silence is to be observed by the aircraft.
Except where immediate dumping is required, the aircraft may be
requested to select a different area or fly a different route, if the above
area/route is likely to cause significant disruptions to other
operations.
2. If dumping in Class A, C, or D airspace,

 Reserve the airspace:
 from the commencement of dumping until fifteen minutes
after completion.
 ensure that other controlled flights remain at least:
 10 NM horizontally from, but not behind, the aircraft
dumping fuel; or
 15 minutes flying time or a distance of 50 NM behind the
aircraft dumping fuel;
AND
 1000 ft vertically above (2000 ft above FL290); or
 3000 ft vertically below.
Note: The horizontal boundaries of the area within which other traffic
requires appropriate vertical separation extend for 10 NM either side
of the track flown by the aircraft which is dumping fuel, from 10 NM
ahead, to 50 NM or 15 minutes along track behind it (including turns).
Continued…
3. Notify ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR
4. Inform other units/operating positions that may be affected
5. If dumping will occur in or affect Class G airspace, advise

FIC
6. FIO RESPONSIBILITIES
 Broadcast warnings:
 if time permits, at least 10 minutes before commencement
of dumping; and
 at 3 minute intervals.
"ALL STATIONS [unit name] INFORMATION, [aircraft type]
DUMPING FUEL AT [level] [description of fuel dumping
area/track and levels affected]. AVOID FLIGHT WITHIN 10
NM OF FUEL DUMPING AREA [or TRACK], AND 50 NM
OR 15 MINUTES BEHIND DUMPING AIRCRAFT"
 Broadcast advice when dumping is complete.
"ALL STATIONS [unit name] INFORMATION, FUEL
DUMPING [BY (aircraft type)] COMPLETED"
ATS EMERGENCY RESPONSE CHECKLIST RCF 1
AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE
These procedures relate to aircraft:

 Operating within controlled airspace; or
 About to enter controlled airspace.
1. Check own radio with other aircraft
2. Continue attempts to contact the ‘COM FAILURE’ aircraft,

use:
 Alternate transmitter;
 Standby radio;
 Secondary frequencies;
 Flight information frequencies;
 SELCAL and HF frequencies for international flights;
 Cellphone;
 Company frequencies;
 Emergency frequencies; and/or
 Data Link
3. Pass pertinent information as appropriate to:

 The destination/alternate aerodromes and adjacent units;
 Aircraft in the vicinity; and
 Request appropriate units/aircraft to attempt to contact and/or
locate the aircraft.
4. Provide separation on the assumption that the aircraft will

follow the ‘COM FAILURE’ procedures in the AIP, unless
you can determine that:
 The aircraft is not following the “COM FAILURE” procedures
prescribed in the AIP; or
 The aircraft has landed.
Continued…
5. Increase separation to make allowance for unexpected

manoeuvres.
 Restrict/suspend IFR operations on the cleared/acknowledged
route below the level(s) of the “COM FAILURE” aircraft.
6. Notify the Surveillance controller serving the area of the

last reported position of the aircraft, and request the
controller to:
 Watch for an aircraft [at or near the extrapolated position]
squawking 7600;
 Attempt to contact the aircraft; and
 Plot the aircraft’s track, and keep you informed of the progress.

 Notify

 advise appropriate emergency phase to RCC:

SUPERVISOR with new information
 Respond to RCC requests.
Continued…
8. If being provided with a Surveillance service

 Maintain surveillance;
 Separate other aircraft from the “’COM FAILURE’ aircraft based
on:
 its course of action observed on Surveillance; and
 the assumption that it will maintain levels in accordance
with the `COM FAILURE’ procedures in the AIP.
 Allow for the possibility that the aircraft under Surveillance
vectors may not be able to use the specified approach aid;
 Watch for the use of squawk code 7600;
 Record last known position if surveillance contact is lost;
 Alert next sector.
9. Transmitter OK
 Expect the pilot to follow `COM FAILURE’ procedures in the
AIP unless the pilot declares otherwise.
 Provide any assistance requested.
10. Determine if receiver is OK

 Instruct the aircraft to:
 squawk ident or 7600; or
 key the transmitter 3 times; or
 make a 30 degree turn for 30 seconds and regain track.
 If the aircraft responds to any of the above, use this method to

continue communications with the aircraft; or
 Ask the pilot to communicate through any mobile telephone on
board.
Continued…
11. If the receiver is OK, and no mobile telephone is carried

 Continue to pass instructions, giving the flight priority to landing;
 Provide weather information on anticipated ADES and alternates;
 Frame questions for YES/NO answers;
 Endeavour to find out:
 if there is any other emergency;
 the pilot’s intentions.
 Use the following code for aircraft with unmodulated

transmitter:
YES or ROGER activate transmitter once
NO activate transmitter twice
SAY AGAIN activate transmitter three times
AT NOMINATED POSITION activate transmitter four times
12. Transmitter and Receiver failure

 Transmit blind:
 action taken by ATC; and
 weather at suitable aerodromes.
 Expect the pilot to follow `COM FAILURE’ procedures in the

AIP;
 Arrange ground station calls, aircraft calls and a listening watch
on:
 company frequency;
 distress frequency [121.5];
 Check with company if there is a mobile phone or pager on

board.
13. If communications failure occurs at night, request ATS

units or airport management to switch on runway, approach
and other lights from at least 30 minutes prior to ETA until
the aircraft has been located or until 30 minutes after the
aircraft’s fuel supply is estimated to be exhausted.
Continued…
14. Inform appropriate units and aircraft when:

 Communications have been re-established; or
 The aircraft has landed.
15. ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR

RESPONSIBILITIES
 Advise operators of situation if RCF aircraft has not
reported/landed or remains overdue or unreported, and:
 Restrict or suspend IFR traffic, unless Surveillance separation is
being applied, for a period of 30 minutes following the applicable
times:
 the pilot/ATC estimated time [whichever is the later] or the
actual time of arrival over the navaid or fix serving the
destination aerodrome.
 the approach clearance acknowledged by the pilot, and the
time at which it is estimated that the aircraft would have
commenced approach.
 the expected approach time acknowledged by the pilot.
 the pilot/ATC estimated time [whichever is the later] or the
actual time of arrival at the enroute navaid or fix.
 the release time, and if issued, the clearance expiry time.
 Following the expiry of the 30 minute period inform the aircraft

operators and pilots of aircraft concerned, and resume normal
operations at their discretion.
Continued…
PILOT PROCEDURES [AIP ENR 1.15 (EMERGENCY) section]

In the event of an apparent aircraft communications failure, the pilot of the
aircraft should adopt the following procedures:
 Maintain terrain clearance throughout all procedures
 Switch transponder to code 7600 or communication failure mode
in the case of ADS-B equipped aircraft.
 Try alternate then secondary published ATS frequencies.
 Check aircraft communications equipment.
 Listen to ATIS if possible.
 Transmit position reports and intentions, assuming the aircraft
transmitter is operating, and prefixing all transmissions with
“TRANSMITTING BLIND”
 Turn on landing lights, beacons and strobe lighting.
 If a mobile phone is available in the aircraft, attempt to establish
telephone communications with:
 ATC CENTRES and CONTACTS;
 the ATC unit you should be communicating with.
 Proceed as follows:
VFR - COM Failure

The pilot of an aircraft operating under VFR should:
 not enter controlled airspace, including control zones, unless
complying with:
 a clearance already received and acknowledged; or
 published COM failure procedures for that aerodrome.
 divert to an unattended aerodrome and report arrival to ATS as

soon as possible;
Continued…
 if unable to divert to an unattended aerodrome:

 continue to operate transponder on code 7600; and
 enter the control zone via a published arrival procedure; or
 approach the aerodrome side-on to the main runway or
runway-in-use, and carry out a standard overhead circuit
joining procedure; and
 contact ATS as soon as possible after landing.
 If an emergency condition exists switch transponder to

emergency code 7700.
IFR - COM Failure
In VMC and certain of maintaining VMC

 If the pilot of the aircraft is in VMC, or encounters VMC after
the failure, and is certain of maintaining VMC:
 remain in VMC; and
 continue the flight under VFR; and
 proceed to a suitable aerodrome and land; and
 report arrival by the most expeditious means to the
appropriate ATS unit.
In IMC or uncertain of maintaining VMC

 The initial and subsequent actions of the pilot of an aircraft in
IMC or uncertain of being able to maintain VMC will depend on
the latest information available on the:
 destination aids:
 air traffic/airspace procedures; and
 meteorological conditions enroute and at the destination.
 The provision of ATC to other flights will be based on the

assumption that the pilot of an aircraft with communications
difficulties will, unless strong reasons dictate otherwise, follow the
appropriate procedures specified
 The pilot should proceed in accordance with the current flight
plan as confirmed by the last acknowledged ATC clearance. ATC
will assume that the aircraft will climb to the:
 flight planned level; or
 last level requested by the pilot and acknowledged by ATC.
Continued…
DEPARTURE
Level Restriction?
 Maintain the last assigned  If no points are specified,
level(s) to the point(s) specified,  maintain the last assigned
then climb to maintain the level(s) or level or minimum flight
in the current flight plan.  altitude if higher for five
minutes, then climb to maintain
the level(s) in the current flight
plan.
Radar Vectors?
 Maintain the last assigned  Proceed in accordance with
vector for two minutes. If  route specified in the current
necessary to maintain terrain and flight plan.
clearance, climb to minimum safe 
altitude.
ARRIVAL
 Track to destination aid/fix or, if none specified by ATC, the selected aid/fix for
known or forecast RWY; and
 If in receipt of an arrival clearance (STAR or equivalent clearance/procedure),
track via the clearance; and
 Commence descent to the initial approach altitude for the approach procedure in
accordance with:
 the last acknowledged ATC clearance; thence
 the standard operating procedures (i.e. 3° profile) or flight plan
At or within 25 NM of destination
 Arrive over destination/selected  If too high, descend in the
aid/fix at the last assigned level  aid/fix holding pattern to a level
at or as near to expected convenient for approach.
approach time given by ATC and 
commence approach.
 If on initial approach at the time of If too high:

the communications failure but   If a holding pattern is
not cleared for the approach, established on the final
continue via the procedure and  approach track, descend in the
maintain the last assigned level holding pattern to a level
until established on final approach convenient for approach; or
track, then commence approach.  If no holding pattern is
established, carry out missed
approach and position for
another approach, if specified
diversion allow.
Continued…
Radar Vectors on Arrival?

 Maintain the last assigned  If on initial/intermediate
vector for two minutes, climbing if  approach, maintain the last
necessary to minimum safe or assigned level until established
altitude to maintain terrain  on final approach track, then
clearance and proceed to the commence approach.
aid/fix for an approach as
specified above.
DIVERSION
 If unable to achieve a landing following an approach, the pilot of an IFR aircraft
that experiences communications failure should carry out a missed approach.
 A second approach may be made if desired, provided a landing can be
accomplished within 30 minutes of the expected approach time or the ETA,
whichever is the latter. If this approach is unsuccessful, the aircraft must divert
to the alternate aerodrome.
 The pilot of an IFR aircraft that experiences communications failure while holding
because of the closure of the destination aerodrome should hold until the divert
time notified to ATC, and then depart for the alternate aerodrome.
NAVAID Failure
 If possible vacate or avoid controlled airspace and high density
traffic areas.
 Establish navigation by visual reference.
 Proceed to a suitable aerodrome and land.
 Report your arrival to ATS as soon as possible.
RESUMPTION OF NORMAL OPERATIONS

If an aircraft with known or suspected communications failure has not
reported within 30 minutes after:
 the ETA furnished by the pilot;
 the ETA calculated by the area control centre; or
 the last acknowledged EAT;
whichever is the latest, pertinent information regarding the aircraft will be
passed to aircraft operators or their designated representative, and to pilots-
in-command of other aircraft concerned. It is the responsibility of the
aircraft operators or their designated representatives, and pilots-in-
command, to determine whether they will resume normal operations under
IFR or take other action.
BOMB THREAT
ATS EMERGENCY RESPONSE CHECKLIST

Be calm. Be courteous. Listen, do not interrupt the caller.
If possible, notify the ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR or other staff member by pre-arranged signal while
caller is on the line.
BOMB THREAT CHECKLIST

EXACT WORDING OF THREAT:
QUESTIONS TO ASK:
1. When is the bomb going to explode? 7. Why did you place the bomb?
2. Where did you put the bomb? 8. How do you know so much about the bomb?
3. What does the bomb look like? 9. Why was the [place] chosen for such action?
4. What kind of bomb is it? 10. What is your name?
5. What will make the bomb explode? 11. Where are you?
6. Did you place the bomb? 12. What is your address?
CALLER’S VOICE & MANNER

Loud Distinct Intoxicated Ragged
Soft Distorted Lisp Calm
High Raspy Stutter Excited
Deep Nasal Coherent Angry
Pleasant Cracked Voice Incoherent Laughing
Rapid Clearing Throat Deliberate Crying
Normal Deep Breathing Righteous Disguised
Slow Slurred Emotional Accent
 Did you recognise the voice?
 If so, who do you think it was?
THREAT LANGUAGE
Well spoken Poor Rational Political
Fair Foul Irrational Taped
 Did the caller appear familiar with: airport/building/aircraft/procedures/terminology?
BACKGROUND NOISES
Clear Office machinery Crockery Motor
Static Factory machinery Radio Aircraft
Street noises Harbour/shipping Music Animal
Quiet Trains Party Other [explain]
Voices House noises P. A. Systems
CALLER'S OTHER INFORMATION

Gender [M/F] Estimated age Ethnic group
CALL RECEIVED
DATE Duration of call Long distance
Number called Internal call Call box
Time Local call Cellphone
RECIPIENT
Name Telephone number
BOM 2
Continued…
ATS EMERGENCY RESPONSE CHECKLIST BOM 2
Getting Information
Pretend difficulty with hearing - keep caller talking.
Inform caller that detonation could cause injury or death.
If the threat is to an: Refer to:

Aerodrome
 Aircraft on the ground at your  Emergency
aerodrome Plan
[AEP]
Unit
 Airways facility  Emergency
Plan
[UEP]
Aerodrome
 Airport building other than  Emergency
Airways facility Plan
[AEP]
The aircraft operator, or the Threat Assessment Team [at

international and some regional airports], is responsible for
assessing whether a Positive Threat Indication (PTI) exists,
i.e. whether the threat is "SPECIFIC" or "NON-SPECIFIC"
 All available details, including the most precise wording of the
threat, must be passed as soon as possible to the aircraft operator or
the Threat Assessment Team as appropriate
 Refer to the Aerodrome Emergency Plan where applicable
If the ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR is not

available, the person receiving the threat is responsible for
ensuring that the information is passed on to the ATS unit,
aircraft operator or Threat Assessment Team at the
aerodrome where the aircraft is located or, if the aircraft is
airborne, at the aerodrome of destination
Continued…
Do not advise the pilot of a threat in the first instance unless

it is considered credible and of such extreme nature that an
immediate danger to the flight exists
1. If the threat is to an aircraft on the ground at another

aerodrome
 Notify ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR:
 accurate wording and detail is vital.
2. If the threat is to an airborne aircraft

 Notify the controller in contact with the pilot;
 Notify the ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR:
 accurate wording and detail is vital;
 Wait for threat assessment by the aircraft operator or the Threat

Assessment Team;
 Increase separation if warranted;
 Notify the next sector/unit;
 If the aircraft is not under Surveillance control, notify the
Surveillance controller serving the area;
 Surveillance controller actions:
 maintain surveillance;
 record last known position if Surveillance contact is lost;
 alert next sector;
 watch for the use of an emergency squawk code;
 Transfer aircraft to secondary frequency, if possible, or

clear the frequency, if necessary;
 If the aircraft is inbound to your aerodrome, carry out actions in
the Aerodrome Emergency Plan.
Continued…
3. "SPECIFIC" THREAT
 Notify the pilot:
 use secondary frequency if possible;
 obtain pilot decision and intentions and pass (through ATC
DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR) to aircraft operator
or Threat Assessment Team as appropriate;
 Provide the most expeditious handling possible;
 ALERFA declaration
 if the aircraft concerned is within your area of responsibility
declare ALERFA and carry out the ATC DUTY
MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR responsibilities as specified
in Section 6.
 if the aircraft concerned is outside your area of
responsibility advise ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC
SUPERVISOR;
 Continue with actions above.
4. "NON-SPECIFIC" THREAT
 Do not advise pilot unless specifically requested by the operator
or Threat Assessment Team to do so;
 Cancel any previous alerting action;
 No further action required
5. If the aircraft operator or Threat Assessment Team cannot

be contacted, or an assessment of the threat is not received
(in a reasonable time)
 See under ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR
responsibilities in Section 6.
Continued…
6. ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR

RESPONSIBILITIES
PRIOR TO THREAT ASSESSMENT

AIRCRAFT ON GROUND
If notification received from source other than ATS at aircraft
location:
 Notify ATS at aircraft location.
 Ensure aircraft operator or Threat Assessment Team advised:
AIRCRAFT IN AIR
 Advise destination tower and all units enroute.
 Ensure aircraft operator or Threat Assessment Team (at
destination aerodrome) advised:
AFTER THREAT ASSESSMENT

‘SPECIFIC’ THREAT ASSESSMENT
 Advise controller in contact with aircraft.
 Obtain pilot's decision and intentions and ensure passed to
aircraft operator or Threat Assessment Team.
 Notify threat to [STATE REGULATOR]  [Contact].
 Declare ALERFA
 Notify SAR phase to RCC:
  via direct line; or
  telephone number; or
  contact (RCC).

 Assist operational staff with actions above.
 Send AFTN RCC / ALR message.
 Update [STATE REGULATOR] and RCC with new
information.
 Respond to [STATE REGULATOR] and RCC requests.
‘NON-SPECIFIC’ THREAT ASSESSMENT

 Advise controller in contact with aircraft.
 No further action required.
IF THE AIRCRAFT OPERATOR OR THREAT ASSESSMENT
TEAM CANNOT BE CONTACTED, OR AN ASSESSMENT OF
THE THREAT IS NOT RECEIVED (IN A REASONABLE TIME)
 Declare a "SPECIFIC" or "NON-SPECIFIC" threat using the
following guidance:
 if the information contained in the threat enables the target
aircraft to be identified with reasonable certainty, e.g.
 aircraft identification, departure or arrival time, location or
destination, or includes,
 specific information such as crew or passenger details, the
exact location and/or a description of the device, the use of
industry terminology or details about the aircraft or flight
not generally known to the public, etc.,
the threat is "SPECIFIC". The pilot must be notified as soon as
possible.
 if the threat is determined to be "NON-SPECIFIC", advise:
 [STATE REGULATOR] of circumstances and that
assessment has been made by ATS without external
consultation.
 Carry out applicable AFTER THREAT ASSESSMENT action
above.
WHEN ALL EMERGENCY ACTION COMPLETE

 Notify [STATE REGULATOR] and RCC when the emergency
situation no longer exists.
 On all occasions, complete and send AFTN Manual of ATS /
Bomb Warning Report message in association with person
receiving threat and/or unit(s) involved.
ATS EMERGENCY RESPONSE CHECKLIST HIJ 1
HIJACK

 Maintain normal communications.
 Avoid reference to the situation unless the pilot does so first.
AN AIRCRAFT WHICH IS SUBJECT TO HIJACK IS EXPECTED

TO NOTIFY ATC BY:
 Squawking SSR CODE 7500; or
 Advising ATS of details in plain language if possible; or
 Including the words: “CHANNEL SEVEN FIVE ZERO
ZERO” in any RTF transmission.
1. If aircraft is observed transponding on Code 7500 or a plain

language report suggests unlawful interference, confirm
the situation
 "[callsign] CONFIRM SQUAWKING SEVEN FIVE ZERO
ZERO"; and/or
 If the response is not clear or no response is given, do not
question the pilot further. Assume that an emergency exists.
2. Notify [STATE REGULATOR] Emergency Operations

Centre
 0-4-566 5271
 If possible, send AFTN MATS / HIJACK Notification message
immediately:
 do not delay message dispatch if all information not
immediately available;
 include appropriate addresses of ACC/FIC of FIR of states
beyond [STATE] jurisdiction if aircraft is proceeding or could
proceed beyond XXXX FIR.
Continued…
3. Declare ALERFA
 Notify

XXXX or other sector/unit if they are able to assist
 [STATE REGULATOR]  [Contact], if not already done.
 ALERFA phase to RCC:
  [Contact]direct line; or
 Send appropriate ALR message:
 Send AFTN MATS / HIJACK Notification message
immediately:
 do not delay message dispatch if all information not
immediately available;
 include appropriate addresses of ACC/FIC of FIR of States
beyond [STATE] jurisdiction if aircraft is proceeding or
could proceed beyond XXXX FIR.
 Advise ATS at all attended aerodromes to which there is a
possibility of the flight proceeding.
 Establish a central point of contact with the operator / RCC /
Police / [STATE REGULATOR] ;
 Update / operator / RCC / Police / [STATE REGULATOR]
/ ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR
 with new information through the central point of contact.
 Respond to RCC / Police / [STATE REGULATOR] requests.
 Obtain all information required by form prior to declaring
DETRESFA if there is a reasonable certainty that this phase will
eventuate.
 Coordinate between the sector/unit handling the emergency
aircraft and both [STATE REGULATOR] and RCC.
Continued…
 Handover to XXXX senior controller or Supervisor/Duty

Manager of other State as appropriate, if aircraft is or appears to be
proceeding beyond XXXX FIR, or XXXX if entering the XXXX
FIR from the XXXX FIR.
 Notify [STATE REGULATOR] and RCC of ATS release details
to an ATS unit of another State.
 Send ARR message to DEP aerodrome and all other addressees
on the ALR and HIJ messages when the aircraft arrives at its final
destination and the act of hijack has been concluded.
 Notify RCC / Police / [STATE REGULATOR] when the
emergency situation no longer exists.
4. Respond promptly to pilot request(s) or to anticipated

needs of the aircraft
5. Increase separation
6. Notify the Surveillance controller serving the area of the

last reported position of the aircraft, and request the
controller to:
 Watch for an aircraft [at or near the extrapolated position]
squawking 7500; and to
 Plot the aircraft’s track, and keep you informed of the progress.
7. If being provided with a Surveillance service

 Maintain surveillance;
 Watch for the use of emergency squawk code 7700:
 notify the ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR /
RCC / [STATE REGULATOR] immediately;
 Record last known position if Surveillance contact is lost;
 Alert next sector.
Continued…
8. Give the flight priority over other aircraft

 Transmit, and continue to transmit, information pertinent to the
safe conduct of the flight, without expecting a reply from the
aircraft.
 Monitor, and plot the progress of the flight with the means
available, and coordinate transfer of control with adjacent ATS
units without requiring transmissions or other responses from the
aircraft unless communication remains normal.
“[callsign] AT [position/time] MONITOR [frequency] FOR
[callsign of next ATS unit].”
 Keep appropriate ATS units informed as to the progress of the
flight.
 Be mindful of fuel endurance and the possibility of sudden
changes in route and destination.
9. If advice of a Hijack is received:

 Where the next point of landing is not known but may be at your
aerodrome, initiate an Aerodrome Emergency Plan "Local
Standby" for the possible arrival of the hijacked aircraft.
 If landing at your aerodrome, or your aerodrome appears to be
the likely destination, carry out the actions in the Aerodrome
Emergency Plan.
10. Relay messages as authorised by the [State Regulator]
Continued…
11. Observe the following principles if required to converse

with the hijackers:
 Indicate you have no authority to provide other than operational
assistance;
 Do not discuss other than operational matters;
 Ask that the crew be allowed to conduct operational
communications;
 Maintain a neutral attitude;
 If you must hand over to a colleague, inform the aircraft prior to
doing so. Do not specify why.
12. Handover to ATS unit of another State?

 Advise ATC DUTY MANAGER/ACC SUPERVISOR of release
details.
13. Refer all media and casual enquiries to:

 Head of Public Affairs
 [STATE REGULATOR].
  [CONTACT]
ATS EMERGENCY RESPONSE CHECKLIST ENDNOTES

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ATS EMERGENCY RESPONSE CHECKLIST 0-1

RECORD OF PRINTED AMENDMENTS

Amendmen Effective DATE Entered

General Fuel Dumping

VFR Uncertain of Position Hijack

EFFECTIVE DATE: DATE

ADVISE RECEIPT OF THIS AMENDMENT BY

The document holder is responsible for amending

This amendment contains the following significant changes:

 Specific procedures cannot be prescribed for all possible

1. Acknowledge declaration of emergency

2. Assign traffic priorities

3. Provide maximum assistance

 Seek assistance from within the unit, and seek surveillance

4. Limit your workload

5. Declare appropriate emergency phase:

6. Record information and action taken

The advice shall include such information as is available in the

Follow the verbal notification with details via

 advise the [STATE REGULATOR] Emergency Operations

 Follow the verbal notification with details via AFTN message

8. Establish a single point of contact as appropriate with:

9. Advise RCC / aircraft operator / State Regulator] of any

10. Refer to Aerodrome Emergency Plan for activation of

11. Refer to Unit Emergency Plan for non-aircraft emergencies

12. Refer all media enquiries to the Head of Public Affairs

The AIP GEN section permits operational testing of aircraft ELT as

1. If an ELT signal whose source cannot be identified is heard

2. Request the aircraft or person to report:

3. Request the aircraft or person:

 Account for all known aircraft in the area

VFR ABOVE CLOUD

 Keep instructions simple and distractions to a minimum.

2. Advise pilot to remain:

3. Notify the Surveillance controller serving the area, and

4. Declare appropriate SAR phase

Some or all of the following may be delegated to the

 Establish a central point of contact with the operator and RCC;

 Advise the pilot once position is established.

6. Determine the weather in the area

8. Remind the pilot to:

9. Inform the pilot of:

10. Remember to:

11. Visual reference established with the ground:

12. Visual reference NOT established with the ground:

 Keep instructions simple and distractions to a minimum.

1. Advise the pilot to:

3. Determine terrain in the area

4. If required, suggest that the pilot climb to a safe altitude

5. Notify the Surveillance controller serving the area, and

 Advise the pilot once position is established.

7. Declare ALERFA (any indication of likely or actual control

Some or all of the following may be delegated to the

 Establish a central point of contact with the operator and RCC;

8. Determine the weather in the area

10. Remind the pilot to:

11. Inform the pilot of:

12. Remember to:

 Assist the aircraft to a suitable destination, if required.

13. Agree on a course of action