Vehicle Tracking System Using GPS and GSM Technology

10 VI June 2022
https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44019
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VI June 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com
Vehicle Tracking System using GPS and GSM

Technology
Niraj Sakla1, Avinash Pawar2, Prof. Anamika Dhawan3
1, 2
Student, 3Associate Professor, Thakur Institute of Management Studies, Career Development &Research, Mumbai (MH)
Abstract - The vehicle tracking system is a device installed during a vehicle to enable the owner or a 3rd party to trace the
vehicle's location vehicle tracking system that works using GPS and GSM technology, which might be the most cost-
effective source of auto tracking and it might work as anti- theft system. It is an embedded system which is employed for
tracking and positioning of any vehicle. This design will continuously monitor a moving Vehicle and report its status as
and when requested. A GSM modem is employed to send the position (Latitude and Longitude) of the vehicle from a
foreign place. The GPS modem will continuously give the info i.e., the latitude and longitude position of the vehicle.
The same data is shipped to the mobile at the opposite end from where the position of the vehicle is demanded. When the
user request is sent to the GSM modem, the system automatically sends a return reply thereto mobile indicating the
position of the vehicle in terms of latitude and longitude in real time.
Keywords: GPS, GSM, vehicle tracking, sensors
I. INTRODUCTION
The safety of personal and public vehicles may be a major concern nowadays so having GPS vehicle tracking system ensure
their safety while travelling.This vehicle tracking system are often installed in consumers vehicles as a theft prevention and
retrieval device. Police get the exact location details and then they follow the signal transmitted by the tracking system to
locate a stolen vehicle. Generally, this technique is supposed to be installed for the four wheelers except for country like India
where majority of the people using two wheelers, here is that the cheapest source of an anti- theft tracking system. These
systems are commonly employed by fleet operators for fleet management functions like routing, dispatch, on-board
information and security. Other applications include monitoring driving behavior, like an employer of an employee, or a
parent with a teenager driver. Itis also popular in consumer vehicles as a theft prevention and retrieval device. The Police can
follow the signal emitted by the tracking system and locate the stolen vehicle.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT

This project is targeted to serve as good indication of how important it is to curb car theft in the country. Surveillance is
specified to the car's alarm system, and they would send the data to the owner of the vehicle via SMS when the alarm is
triggered. Due to the inefficient conventional car security alarm, the likelihood of the car is often stolen is high. The main
reason is that the alarm is restricted to the audible distance. Somehow if there's differently of transmitting the alarm to the car
owner that's not limited to the audible and line of sight, the system is often upgraded. SMS may be a good selection of the
communication to exchange the traditional alarm, because it is often done and doesn't require much cost.
Even most of people know GPS can provide more security for the car but the main reason people do not apply it because the
cost. Advance car security system is too expensive. Cost for the gadget is too high. Besides that, people also must buy the
service monthly. It’s not limited to only personal vehicle there are some businesses where there is a need of these system
like Transport Business with this system, they can track their vehicle present location.
III. RELATED TECHNOLOGY

A. GPS
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the only fully functional Global Navigation System (GNSS). The GPS uses a
constellation of between 24 and 32 Medium Earth Orbit satellites that transmit precise microwave signals that enable GPS
receivers to work out their location, speed, direction, and time. A GPS system receives signal from at least three satellites so
that it can calculate distance for triangulation technique to compute its two-dimension (latitude and longitude) and as when
need it can calculate distance with the help of four satellite to compute three-dimension (latitude, longitude, and altitude)
position. GPS was developed by United States for Military purpose in 1971 but later on was also used in vehicle tracking. It is
widely use in navigation purpose.
B. GSM
A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile
operator, just like a mobile phone. GSM (Global system for mobile) uses a process called circuit switching. This method of
communication allows a path to be established between two devices. Once the two devices are connected, a constant stream of
digital data is relayed.
Global System for Mobile Communication is a type of device uses SIM card to get operate and with subscription basis same as
we all operate mobile with sim card to get communicate with other mobile. In GSM it uses circuit switching technique to
interchange the data. GSM networks consist of three major systems the Switching System (SS), The Base Station (BSS) and the
Mobile Station (MS)
C. Switching System (SS)

The Switching System is very important operative system as its handle crucial operations inside the five database which it
holds it perform major task like call processing and functions related to subscriber. Here is the Database name which Switching
System Holds (HLR, MSC, VLR, AUC and EIR) MSC Cooperate with Home Location Register (HLR) whereas (VLR)
Visitor Location Register handle mobile calls and routing of phone calls. (AUC) Authentication Centre handle security end of
the system and the last (EIR) Equipment Identity Register holds the crucial information about the mobile equipment’s.
D. Base Station System (BSS)

Base Station System plays an important role in Mobile Communication. BSS as an outdoor unit it contains iron rods and are
usually high in length Base Station System has the duty to connect subscribers to themobile networks.
All the communication is formed in Radio transmission. The Base Station System is divided in furthermore two systems. These
two systems, they're BTS and BSC. BTS (Base Transceiver station) use radio transmission to handle communication with
mobile station and BSC (Base station controller) it helps to creates physical link between subscriber (MS) and BTS, then
manage and controls functions of it.
E. Mobile Station
Mobile Station Consist of two things mobile unit and a smart card which is also known as Sim Card (Subscriber Identity
Module) it gives user personal mobility. It also has unique number as International Mobile Number (IMEI) For Unique
Identification.
F. Microcontroller
Microcontroller is very important part of these tracking device as it is the only way for communication between GSM and GPS
receiver. It is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, data memory, A/D converter and
programmable input/output
IV. METHODOLOGY
A. Design of Tracking System
AT89C51 Microcontroller has been used for interfacing various hardware peripherals This application will continuously
monitor the moving vehicle and can send the report of the current location as an when requested by the user GSM Modem and
GPS Receiver are being serially connected to Microcontroller AT89C51. Here First GPS will send the position of the vehicle
from the remote place and it will continuously send the position of the vehicle by calculating latitude and longitude GPS
modem forward only NMEA data to the GSM modem and after that as an when request comes from the other end mobile
device GSM sends that NMEA data to the user so that user can identify the current location of the vehicle. User sends the
request on the number which is GSM modem and in reply the system sends the vehicle position in terms of Latitude and
Longitude. The code written inside the internal memory of Microcontroller i.e., ROM with the help of serial communication
Microcontroller AT89C51 processes theinstructions and act as interface between GSM and GPS.
The block diagram of tracking system using GPS and GSM technology is presented in figure. The project is vehicle
positioning and navigation system we can locate the vehicle around the globe with micro controller, GPS receiver, GSM
modem. Microcontroller used is AT89C51. The code is written in the internal memory of Microcontroller i.e., ROM. With
help of instruction set it processes the instructions and it acts as interface between GSM and GPS with help of serial
communication of AT89C51. GPS always transmits the data and GSM transmits and receive the data GPS pin TX is
connected to microcontroller and GSM pins TX and RX are connected to microcontroller serial ports. Microcontroller
communicates with the help of serial communication. First it takes the data from the GPS receiver and then sends the
information to the owner in the form of SMS with help of GSM modem. GPS receiver works on 9600 baud rate is used to
receive the data from space Segment (from Satellites), the GPS values of different Satellites are sent to microcontroller
AT89C51, where these are processed and forwarded to GSM.
At the time of processing GPS receives only $GPRMC values only. From these values microcontroller takes only latitude
and longitude values excluding time, altitude, name of thesatellite, authentication etc. E.g., LAT: 1728:2470
Block Diagram
V. FUTURE SCOPE
In this paper we've proposed an anti-theft system which may be wont to track a vehicle fitted with the proposed device in it. It
also can be utilized in wildlife tracking, asset tracking and in stolen vehicle recovery. In the future we may integrate other
related devices during a vehicle like sensors. We can create a server to ascertain the vehicle route and other information on
our computer and that we can save the trajectory of it.
VI. CONCLUSION
The sensors installed in the vehicle will report the vehicle information to our server and form an intelligent tracking system.
There are various reasons why car owners and public vehicle operators like better to have a GPS. Fleet operators usually deploy
vehicle tracking systems for fleet management functions like routing, dispatch, on-board information and security. Other
applications include monitoring driving behavior, like an employer of an employee, or a parent with a teenager driver.
REFERENCES
[1] Goel and V. Gruhn, “Fleet Monitoring System for Advanced Tracking of Commercial Vehicles”, Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference
on Systems, Man, andCybernetics (SMC 2006), pp. 2517-2522, Taipei, Taiwan, 08.10.2006-11.10.2006.
[2] Chia-Hung Lien, Chi-Hsiung Lin, Ying-Wen Bai, Ming-Fong Liu and Ming-Bo Lin, “Remotely Controllable Outlet System for Home Power
Management,” Proceeding of 2006 IEEE Tenth International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE2006), St. Petersburg, Russia, pp. 7-12, June 28-
July 1, 2006.
[3] E. D. Kalpan, Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications, Artech house Publishers, ISBN 0890067937, February 1996.
[4] Junaid Ali, Shaib Nasim, Taha Ali, Naveed Ahmed and syed Riaz un Nabi, “Implementation of GSM based Commercial Automobile Tracker Using PIC
18F452 and Development of Google Earth Embedded Monitoring Software” Proceedings of 2009 IEEE student conference on Research and
development(SCOReD 2009), 16-18 Nov,2009, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
[5] M. Mcdonald, H. Keller, J. Klijnhout and V. Mauro, “Intelligent Transport Systems in Europe: Opportunity for Future Research” World Scientific
Publishing Company, ISBN 981270082X, 2006.
[6] Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillspie, Mckinlay, Rolin D., “ The Microcontroller in Embedded System: using Assembly and C,” 2nd edition published
by Pearson Education

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10 VI June 2022

Vehicle Tracking System using GPS and GSM

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT

III. RELATED TECHNOLOGY

C. Switching System (SS)

D. Base Station System (BSS)

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