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    Gaurav Batra
    The document acknowledges and thanks several people who helped with the author's railway signal processing project. It thanks the GGM (S&T) who gave the opportunity to carry out the project under his guidance and provided necessary information. It also thanks the section officer for support and another person who helped with references and data collection. Finally, it thanks the librarian and acknowledges God's grace in completing the project.

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    CCCC CCCCCCCCCCCC: Ccôcc C Ô!Cc C C CC

    Uploaded by

    Gaurav Batra
    26 views7 pages
    The document acknowledges and thanks several people who helped with the author's railway signal processing project. It thanks the GGM (S&T) who gave the opportunity to carry out the project under his guidance and provided necessary information. It also thanks the section officer for support and another person who helped with references and data collection. Finally, it thanks the librarian and acknowledges God's grace in completing the project.

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    The document acknowledges and thanks several people who helped with the author's railway signal processing project. It thanks the GGM (S&T) who gave the opportunity to carry out the project under his guidance and provided necessary information. It also thanks the section officer for support and another person who helped with references and data collection. Finally, it thanks the librarian and acknowledges God's grace in completing the project.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    26 views7 pages

    CCCC CCCCCCCCCCCC: Ccôcc C Ô!Cc C C CC

    Uploaded by

    Gaurav Batra
    The document acknowledges and thanks several people who helped with the author's railway signal processing project. It thanks the GGM (S&T) who gave the opportunity to carry out the project under his guidance and provided necessary information. It also thanks the section officer for support and another person who helped with references and data collection. Finally, it thanks the librarian and acknowledges God's grace in completing the project.

    Copyright:

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    You are on page 1of 7

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    Before, we get to think of things, we would like to add a few heart felt words for the people who ar related directly or indirectly to me during the course of preparation of my project which titles RAILWAY SIGNAL PROCESSING .

    First of all, we would like to thank respected, Mr. Satendra Kumar, GGM (S&T) who gave us the opportunity to carry out this project under his guidance. He provided me with all the valuable and necessary information, which were required for the completion of my project. I also thank Mr. S.S. Rana, Section Officer (HRD) for his kind support. A grateful acknowledgement goes to Mr. Arvinder, who helped me with timely suggestions during the entire period of references and data collections.

    Last but not the least I would like to add thank the librarian of RITES LTD. for their valuable and innovative ideas and cooperation to complete the project.

    Above all without God s grace nothing was possible.

    Page 1

    Role of signalling in railway operations:Railway signalling and communication technology was primarily for safe working of trains but it also plays an important role in increasing line capacity with minimum investment. The broad areas of railway signalling and communication technology are:-

    Block working:-

    Trains should be adequately spaced apart to prevent collisions. This is achieved by block working. The length of the tracks is divided into sections called Blocks .

    Interlocking:-

    When trains are to be crossed or overtaken at the stations, points and signals are to be in proper sequence to make passage of trains safe. This is achieved by interlocking between points and signals. Semaphore signals are worked by single wire, double wire or by electric motors. Points are worked together by rod, double wire , pneumatic or hydraulic motor. Route relays are used for interlocking between the point levers and signal levers.

    Train detection:-

    Track circuits or axle counters are used to detect the presence of trains on the portion of track.

    Page 2

    Mechanization of Marshalling Yards:-

    Where trains are formed in marshalling yards, classification, shunting and regrouping can be achieved and computer controlled so that operation is done in quickest possible way.

    Automatic Warning System:-

    As an aid to the driver to know the condition of signal and to prevent accidents when the driver ignores the aspect of stop signal, automatic warning system is employed. If the driver, due to any reason, does not act upon the signal, the train is brought to stopby automatic brakes application.

    Train describer:-

    The designation and number of trains in a particular section can be displayed to the central control office so that the controller is aware of the position and designation of each train over the section monitored by him.

    Page 3

    Movement of trains:-

    ailway ve icles move on s eel rail trac and are provided with the flanged steel wheels The steel wheel on steel rail has least friction and hence is the most efficient means of locomotion. The running of flanged wheels on steel trac has its own inherent problems. Since the vehicles are constrained to move in a fixed railway trac they cannot be steered away as in case of other transports.

    Control over movement of trains:There are two methods for control of movement of trains. They are as follows:

    Time Interval method:-

    Consider the spacing of trains in the same direction. The spacing should be such that if a train stops, then, the following train driver should be able to notice it and apply brakes to his train so that it stops short of the preceding train. The most important aspect is the braking of the train. Where the speeds and weight are low , it is not difficult for the following train to stop short of the train which has already stopped. This is how tramways operate even today. But with higher speeds and heavier loads, the distance required to stop the train is longer, hence the driver is not able to decide whether the train in front of him has actually stopped or not. If all trains run at the same speed and are required to stop at same place for same direction, a certain amount of control can be exercised by having a definite time lag between one stopping place to another. But in case of railways, it is not practicle , as-

       

    All trains do not have same speed. Terrains are not same everywhere. Different trains have different loads. Braking power, hauling capacity is not same for all trains.

    Page 5

    Space interval method:-

    In this the length of the tracks is divided into sections called blocks. The entry of a train into the block is controlled in such a way, that only when it is free, a train can be allowed to enter it. This means that there is a definite space interval between the trains. This space interval is controlled at the entry. Since the length of the track is beyond the normal visual range, another control point is set at the end of the block. This point can know whether the train has arrived and advise the controlling point at the entry.

    Signals: Visual  Movable flag signal  fixed  flare  Audible  Detonators  Voice  Whistle

    Page 6

    Fixed signals, Aspects and Indications

    Semaphore signals are also known as mechanical signals where we employ a rectangular or fish tailed arm to the vertical post. The arm can altogether be removed from the view of the driver by making the arm disappear in the slot provided on the post or  The arm can be held in the horizontal position  Mid way position, above the horizontal  Mid way position, below horizontal.

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