Legal Requirements Brochure HELLA en

Legal regulations
for cars and trailers based on ECE regulation 48

2|3
Survey of lighting regulations
Legal provisions must be complied with when equipping or Which lamps are mandatory by law and which are optional are
retrofitting parts to a vehicle. The following pages present the clearly stated. The fitting regulations for the individual lamps are
legal regulations concerning the installation of front, side or rear also explained in detail.
lighting, as stipulated by ECE regulation 48.
HELLA shall assume no liability for potential deviations from
The overview is split into two areas: the equipment requirements documented here, as experience
➔➔ Regulations for vehicle classes (passenger cars, offroad shows that legal regulations are modified at irregular intervals.
vehicles, motorhomes, buses, trucks, municipal vehicles and
vehicles with special bodywork). Last updated: late 2013 (ECE-R48 series 06 revision 9, supp. 3)
➔➔ Regulations for vehicle classes (12 V trailers, caravans and
24 V trailers).
Vehicle classes: Vehicle classes:
M1 Cars up to 3.5 t and up to 9 passengers O1 Trailers up to 0.75 t
M2 Cars up to 5 t and up to 9 passengers O2 Trailers over 0.75 t to 3.5 t
M3 Cars up to 5 t and over 9 passengers O3 Trailers over 3.5 t to 10 t
N1 Vehicles for transporting freight up to 3.5 t O4 Trailers over 10 t
N2 Vehicles for transporting freight over 3.5 t up to 12 t
N3 Vehicles for transporting freight over 12 t
N3G Offroad vehicles
Municipal vehicles and vehicles with special

Passenger cars
bodywork
Offroad vehicles 12 V trailers
Motorhomes Caravans
Buses 24 V trailers
Trucks
These pictograms indicate to which regulations apply to
which classes.
VEHICLE OVERVIEW
Legal regulations based on ECE regulation 48
Car classes
(passenger cars, offroad vehicles, motorhomes, buses, trucks, municipal vehicles and vehicles with special bodywork)
Rear lighting Front lighting Side lighting

Pages 18–27 Pages 6–11 Pages 12–17
Legal regulations for lamps and headlamps ➔➔ ECE-R3 ➔➔ ECE-R77

Reflex reflector Parking lamps front and rear
Due to the scope of the legal regulations, only the most ➔➔ ECE-R4 ➔➔ ECE-R87
important are explained here. The following regulations contain Registration plate lamp Daytime running lamps
➔➔ ECE-R6 ➔➔ ECE-R91
all the relevant information on signal lamps and headlamps, Direction indicator front, rear and side Side marker lamps
➔➔ ECE-R7 ➔➔ ECE-R98
their properties and uses. Position lamp, tail lamp, stop lamp Xenon headlamp
and clearance lamps ➔➔ ECE-R104
➔➔ ECE-R19 Contour markings
Fog lamp ➔➔ ECE-R112
➔➔ ECE-R23 Halogen headlamp
Reversing lamp ➔➔ ECE-R119
Passenger cars, offroad vehicles, motorhomes, buses, ➔➔ ECE-R38 Cornering lamp
Rear fog lamp ➔➔ ECE-R123
trucks, municipal vehicles and vehicles with special ➔➔ ECE-R48 Adaptive frontlighting system (AFS)
For installation and use
bodywork
Vehicle classes:
M1 Cars up to 3.5 t and up to 9 passengers
M2 Cars up to 5 t and up to 9 passengers
M3 Cars up to 5 t and over 9 passengers
N1 Vehicles for transporting freight up to 3.5 t
N2 Vehicles for transporting freight over 3.5 t up to 12 t
N3 Vehicles for transporting freight over 12 t
N3G Offroad vehicles

4|5
Vehicle categories
12 V trailers, caravans and 24 V trailers
Rear lighting Front lighting Side lighting

Pages 38–47 Pages 28–31 Pages 32–37
Legal regulations for lamps ➔➔ ECE-R3

Reflex reflector
Due to the scope of the legal regulations, only the most ➔➔ ECE-R4
important are explained here. The following regulations contain Registration plate lamp
➔➔ ECE-R6
all the relevant information about signal lamps, their properties Direction indicator rear and side
➔➔ ECE-R7
and uses. Position lamp, tail lamp, stop lamp
and clearance lamps
➔➔ ECE-R23
Reversing lamp
➔➔ ECE-R38
Rear fog lamp
Trailer/caravan classes ➔➔ ECE-R48
For installation and use
➔➔ ECE-R77
Parking lamps front and rear
➔➔ ECE-R91
Side marker lamps
➔➔ ECE-R104
Vehicle classes: Contour markings
O1 Trailers up to 0.75 t
O2 Trailers over 0.75 t to 3.5 t
O3 Trailers over 3.5 t to 10 t
O4 Trailers over 10 t
Front lighting – motor vehicle
6|7
Headlamps for low beam

ECE-R48 section 6.2, ECE-R98 und ECE-R112 (ECE-R123 contains further special conditions)
Presence Mandatory for all passenger car classes.

ECE-R48 § 6.2.1
Number 2 units
ECE-R48 § 6.2.2
Color White
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in width Max. 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle. Min. 600 mm
ECE-R48 § 6.2.4.1 between the two low beam headlamps. Min. 400 mm, if the total vehicle
Max. 400 mm width is < 1,300 mm (not applicable to M1- and N1 vehicles.).
Min. 600 mm
Position in height Min. 500 mm, max. 1,200 mm, max. 1,500 mm on N3G vehicles.
ECE-R48 § 6.2.4.2
Min. 500 mm Max. 1,200 mm Visibility Horizontal 10° inwards and 45° outwards. Vertical 15° upwards and 10°
ECE-R48 § 6.2.5 downwards.
Electrical connections The low beam may remain on when the high beam is switched on.
ECE-R48 § 6.2.7
Tell-tale Optional
ECE-R48 § 6.2.8
Other regulations Automatic leveling must be installed with LED headlamps. If the
ECE-R48 § 6.2.9 headlamps are equipped with light sources > 2,000 lumen (usually
xenon), automatic leveling and a headlamp cleaning system need to be
installed, 2 additional cornering lamps are optional.
Headlamps for high beam

ECE-R48 section 6.1, ECE-R98 und ECE-R112 (ECE-R123 contains further special conditions)

ECE-R48 § 6.1.1
Number 2 or 4 units, for N3 vehicles max. 6 units
ECE-R48 § 6.1.2
Color White
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in width No specific regulations, but installed so that the driver is not dazzled by
ECE-R48 § 6.1.4.1 reflections.
Position in height No specific regulations.
ECE-R48 § 6.1.4.2
Visibility 5° in all directions.
ECE-R48 § 6.1.5
Electrical connections The high beam headlamps may only be switched on either at the same
ECE-R48 § 6.1.7 time or in pairs. If two additional high beam headlamps are installed,
then no more than two pairs may be lit at the same time. During the
transition from low beam to high beam, at least 1 pair needs to be
switched on for high beam. During the low beam function, all high beam
lamps need to switch off at the same time.
Tell-tale Mandatory
ECE-R48 § 6.1.8
Other regulations The luminous intensity of all the switchable high beam lamps must
ECE-R48 § 6.1.9 not exceed 430,000 cd. The sum of the reference numbers must not be
greater than 100.
FRONT LIGHTING – MOTOR VEHICLE
Fog lamp
ECE-R48 section 6.3 and ECE-R19
Presence Optional for all passenger car classes.

ECE-R48 § 6.3.1
Number 2 units
ECE-R48 § 6.3.2
Color White or light amber
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in width Max. 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle.
ECE-R48 § 6.3.4.1
Position in height Not higher than the low beam headlamps. Min. 250 mm above the
Max. 400 mm
ECE-R48 § 6.3.4.2 ground. For M1 vehicles and N1 vehicles, max. 800 mm above the
ground.
For all other vehicle classes, max. 1,200 mm, only for N3G up to 1,500
Min. 250 mm Max. 800 mm mm allowed.
Visibility Horizontal 10° inwards and 45° outwards. Vertical ± 5°.
ECE-R48 § 6.3.5
Electrical connections It must be possible to switch them on and off independently of the high
ECE-R48 § 6.3.7 or low beam lamps.
Tell-tale Mandatory. An independent non-flashing warning lamp.
ECE-R48 § 6.3.8
Other regulations Special regulation in connection with the headlamps of the R123 (AFS)
ECE-R48 § 6.3.6.2.2
Front direction indicator (indicator)


ECE-R48 § 6.5.1 Category 1, 1a or 1b.
Number 2 units
ECE-R48 § 6.5.2
Color Amber
ECE-R48 § 5.15
ECE-R48 § 6.5.4.1 Min. 600 mm between the two indicators, but min. 400 mm
Max. 400 mm for vehicle widths < 1,300 mm.
Min. 600 mm
Position in height Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm)*.
ECE-R48 § 6.5.4.2
Min. 350 mm Max. 1,500 mm Visibility Horizontal 45° inwards to 80° outwards, vertical ± 15°, but for a position
ECE-R48 § 6.5.5 in height of < 750 mm also 5° downwards (and 20° inwards for M1 and N1
vehicles.)
Electrical connections It must switch on independently of the other lamps (except other
ECE-R48 § 6.5.7 indicators). All indicators need to be switched on and off on the same
side of the vehicle by the same activation device. They must flash
synchronously.
Tell-tale Mandatory
ECE-R48 § 6.5.8
Other regulations A malfunction of the direction indicators must be signalized in the
ECE-R48 § 6.5.9 vehicle.
* An exception is only possible if the vehicle geometry does not make standard installation possible.
ECE-R6 § 6.1
Category 1 = distance to low beam/fog lamp > 40 mm, luminous intensity min. 175 cd, single lamp max. 1,000 cd,
type “D” lamp max. 500 cd
Category 1a = distance to low beam/fog lamp > 20 mm, ≤ 40 mm, luminous intensity min. 250 cd, single lamp max. 1,200 cd,
Category 1b = distance to low beam/fog lamp ≤ 20 mm, luminous intensity min. 400 cd, single lamp max. 1,200 cd,
8|9
Position lamp

ECE-R48 § 6.9.1
Number 2 units
ECE-R48 § 6.9.2
Color White
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in width Max. 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle. The clearance
ECE-R48 § 6.9.4.1 between the position lamps for M1 and N1 vehicles is not defined. For all
Max. 400 mm Min. 600 mm other vehicle classes, min. 600 mm between both position lamps, but
min. 400 mm for vehicle widths < 1,300 mm.
Min. 250 mm Max. 1,500 mm ECE-R48 § 6.9.4.2
Visibility Horizontal 45° inwards to 80° outwards, vertical ± 15°, but for a position
ECE-R48 § 6.9.5 in height of < 750 mm also 5° downwards. Restriction possible for M1
and N1 vehicles (see ECE-R48 section 6.9.5.2).
Electrical connections Must be designed so that the position lamp, tail lamp, side marker
ECE-R48 § 6.9.7 lamp and registration plate lamp can only be switched on and off
simultaneously. May be switched off while the indicator is on.
Tell-tale Mandatory. The tell-tale may not flash. Not necessary if the lighting
ECE-R48 § 6.9.8 equipment in the dashboard can only be switched on at the same time
as the position lamps.
Parking lamps, front

Presence Optional for vehicles ≤ 6 m length and ≤ 2 m wide.

ECE-R48 § 6.12.1 Prohibited for all other vehicles.
Number 2 lamps at the front and 2 lamps at the back or 1 lamp on each side.
ECE-R48 § 6.12.2
Color White
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in width Max. 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle. If only
ECE-R48 § 6.12.4.1 two lamps are installed on the entire vehicle, installation is on the
vehicle sides.
Max. 400 mm
Position in height No specific regulations for M1 and N1 vehicles. For all other vehicle
ECE-R48 § 6.12.4.2 classes: min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm)*.
Min. 350 mm Max. 1,500 mm Visibility Horizontal ± 45°, vertical ± 15°, but for a position in height of < 750 mm
ECE-R48 § 6.12.5 also 5° downwards.
Electrical connections It must be possible to switch on the parking lamps independently of all
ECE-R48 § 6.12.7 other functions.
Tell-tale Optional. If one is available, it must not be confused with the tell-tale for
ECE-R48 § 6.12.8 the position lamps and tail lamps.
Other regulations Optional. If there is a tell-tale, it must not be confused with the tell-tale
ECE-R48 § 6.12.9 for the position lamps and tail lamps.
FRONT LIGHTING – MOTOR VEHICLE
As close as possible to the extreme

outer edge Front clearance lamp
Max. 400 mm Presence Mandatory for vehicles > 2.1 m wide.
ECE-R48 § 6.13.1 Optional for vehicles > 1.8 m ≤ 2.1 m width.
Category A or AM.
Number 2 units, further 2 optionally possible
ECE-R48 § 6.13.2
As high as
Color White
possible
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in width As close as possible to the extreme outer edge, max. 400 mm from the
ECE-R48 § 6.13.4.1 extreme outer edge of the vehicle.
Position in height Above the transparent area of the windshield.
ECE-R48 § 6.13.4.2
Visibility Horizontal 80° outwards. Vertical 5° over and 20° below the horizontal.
ECE-R48 § 6.13.5
Electrical connections Must be designed so that the position lamp, tail lamp, clearance lamp,
ECE-R48 § 6.13.7 side marker lamps and registration plate lamps can only be switched on
and off simultaneously.
Tell-tale Optional. If there is a tell-tale, its function must be satisfied by the
ECE-R48 § 6.13.8 mandatory tell-tale for the position lamps and tail lamps.
Other regulations The front white and rear contour lamps may be combined in one lamp
ECE-R48 § 6.13.9 as long as the installation instructions and visibility values are satisfied.
Distance to position lamp min. 200 mm.
Front reflector
Presence Mandatory for vehicles with retractable headlamps/lamps.

ECE-R48 § 6.16.1 Optional on all other vehicles.
Number Min. 2 devices
ECE-R48 § 6.16.2
Color White/colorless
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Shape Not triangular
ECE-R48 § 6.16
Max. 400 mm
Min. 600 mm ECE-R48 § 6.16.4.1 between the reflectors for M1 and N1 vehicles is not defined. For all other
vehicle classes, min. 600 mm between both reflectors, but min. 400 mm
for vehicle widths < 1,300 mm.
Min. 250 mm Max. 900 mm
Position in height Min. 250 mm, max. 900 mm (exception: 1,500 mm)*.
ECE-R48 § 6.16.4.2
Visibility Horizontal ± 30°. Vertical ± 10°, but for a position in height of < 750 mm
ECE-R48 § 6.16.5 5° downwards.
10 | 11
Daytime running lamps


ECE-R48 § 6.19.1
Number 2 units
ECE-R48 § 6.19.2
Color White
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in width Min. 600 mm between the two daytime running lamps, but min.
ECE-R48 § 6.19.4.1 400 mm for vehicle widths < 1,300 mm.
Position in height Min. 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm.
ECE-R48 § 6.19.4.2
Min. 600 mm
Visibility Horizontal ± 20°. Vertical ± 10°.
ECE-R48 § 6.19.5
Min. 250 mm Max. 1,500 mm
Electrical connections Automatic activation when the engine is started. The daytime running
ECE-R48 § 6.19.7 lamps must switch off automatically if the headlamps or fog lamps are
switched on.
Tell-tale Optional
ECE-R48 § 6.19.8
Cornering lamp
Presence Optional for all passenger car classes.

ECE-R48 § 6.20.1
Number 2 units
ECE-R48 § 6.20.2
Color White
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in height Min. 250 mm, max. 900 mm, but not higher than the low beam lamp.
ECE-R48 § 6.20.4.3
Position in length Max. 1,000 mm away from the foremost point of the vehicle.
ECE-R48 § 6.20.4.2
Visibility Vertical ± 10°. Horizontal 30° to 60° outwards.
ECE-R48 § 6.20.5
Electrical connections Switched so that they can only be switched on when the high beam or
ECE-R48 § 6.20.7 low beam lamps are switched on. Only switched on when the direction
indicator is switched on on the same side of the vehicle and/or when
the steer angle changes from the straight-ahead position. Automatic
switch-off when the direction indicator is canceled and/or when the
steering returns to the straight-ahead position. The cornering lamp may
also be switched on while the reversing lamp is on. The cornering lamp
must also be switched off when the reversing lamp is off.
Tell-tale None
ECE-R48 § 6.20.8
Other regulations The cornering lamps are not to be switched on at speeds of > 40 km/h.
ECE-R48 § 6.20.9
Side lighting – motor vehicle
12 | 13
Max. 1,800 mm
Max. 1,500 mm
Min. 350 / 500 mm
Side direction indicator (indicator)

Attachment and number All M1 and N1, M2, M3 vehicles of < 6 m length: One category 5 per vehicle side is stipulated.
ECE-R48 § 6.5.1, § 6.5.2 § N1 of > 6 m, N2, N_3 of < 6 m: One category 6 per vehicle side is stipulated.
6.5.3 M2, M3, N2 and N3 of > 6 m and of < 9 m: One category 6 per vehicle side is stipulated. One additional
category 5 is optional.
M2, M3, N2, und N3 of > 9 m: One category 6 and three category 5s* per vehicle side is stipulated.
Color Amber
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in height Min. 350 mm for M1 and N1 vehicles, min. 500 mm for all other vehicle classes. Max. 1,500 mm
ECE-R48 § 6.5.4.2 (exception: 2,300 mm)*.
Position in length Max. 1,800 mm from the front, measured from the outermost point. 2,500 mm for all M1 and N1
ECE-R48 § 6.5.4.3 vehicles
Whenever the vehicle geometry does not allow for any attachments of < 1,800 mm. If three
additional
category 5 are required, these must then be distributed as evenly as possible on the vehicle.
Visibility Horizontal min. 5° to 60° rear. Vertical ± 15° for category 5, but for position in heights of < 750 mm
ECE-R48 § 6.5.5 also 5° downwards. For category 6, however, 30° over and 5° below the horizontal.
Electrical connections Mandatory. Must switch on with the direction indicators on the same side of the vehicle together
ECE-R48 § 6.5.7 and independently of the other lamps. They need to be switched on and off on the same side of the
vehicle by the same activation device. They must flash synchronously.
Tell-tale None
ECE-R48 § 6.5.8
Other regulations Side direction indicators in category 5 may always be replaced with category 6.
ECE-R48 § 6.5.9
* These three category 5 lamps are not necessary if at least three flashing side marker lights that flash synchronously with the other direction indicators are attached to
the same vehicle side. (ECE R48 Supplement 6)
ECE-R6 § 6.1
Category 5 = luminous intensity min. 0.6 cd, single lamp max. 280 cd, type “D” lamp max. 140 cd
Category 6 = luminous intensity min. 50 cd, single lamp max. 280 cd, type “D” lamp max. 140 cd
SIDE LIGHTING – MOTOR VEHICLE
Max. 1,000
Max. 3,000 mm Max. 3,000 mm mm
Max. 900 mm Min. 250 mm
Side reflector
Presence Mandatory for all vehicles > 6 m.

ECE-R48 § 6.17.1 Optional for all vehicles ≤ 6 m.
Number See position in length
ECE-R48 § 6.17.2
Color Front amber, rear amber (in combination with the combination rear lamp, red is also possible)
ECE-R48 § 5.15
ECE-R48 § 6.17
Position in height Min. 250 mm, max. 900 mm (exception: 1,500 mm)*. Max. 1,200 mm, if it is installed with another
ECE-R48 § 6.17.4.2 lighting function.
Position in length The reflex reflector installed at the most foremost point must not be further than max. 3 m from the
ECE-R48 § 6.17.4.3 front of the vehicle. Max. 3 m between the individual reflex reflector. This does not apply to M1 and N1
vehicles (exception: 4 m). Max. clearance from rear 1 m, min. 1 reflex reflector in the middle third. For
vehicle lengths of < 6 m, one in the first third and/or one in the last third is sufficient. M1 vehicles >
6 m but < 7 m, one reflex reflector within 3 m from front and one in the last third of the vehicle length.
Visibility Horizontal ± 45°. Vertical ± 10°, but for a position in height of < 750 mm 5° downwards.
ECE-R48 § 6.17.5
Other regulations The illuminating surface of the reflector may be integrated in any other position lamp.
ECE-R48 § 6.17.9
14 | 15
Max. 1,500 mm
Min. 350 mm
Parking lamps, side

ECE-R48 section 6.12 and ECE-R77 or ECE-R7
Presence Optional for vehicles ≤ 6 m long and ≤ 2 m wide.

Number 1 lamp on each side (or 2 lamps at the front and 2 lamps at the rear; see parking lamps front/rear)
ECE-R48 § 6.12.2
Color Amber
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in height No specific regulations for M1 and N1 vehicles. For all other vehicle classes: min. 350 mm, max.
ECE-R48 § 6.12.4.2 1,500 m (exception: 2,100 mm)*.
Visibility Horizontal 45° to the front and rear. Vertical ± 15°, but for a position in height of < 750 mm 5°
ECE-R48 § 6.12.5 downwards.
Electrical connections It must be possible to switch on the parking lamps independently of all other functions.
ECE-R48 § 6.12.7 Automatic switching-off is forbidden after time x.
Tell-tale Optional. If one is available, it must not be confused with the tell-tale for the position lamps and tail
ECE-R48 § 6.12.8 lamps.
Other regulations Optional. If there is a tell-tale, it must not be confused with the tell-tale for the position lamps and tail
ECE-R48 § 6.12.9 lamps.
SIDE LIGHTING – MOTOR VEHICLE
Max. 1,000
Max. 3,000 mm Max. 3,000 mm mm
Max. 1,500 mm Min. 250 mm
Side marker lamp

Presence Mandatory for all vehicles > 6 m except for chassis with cab. Optional for all other motor vehicles.
ECE-R48 § 6.18.1 Mandatory for M1 vehicles and N1 vehicles with vehicle lengths ≤ 6 m, if the geometric visibility of the
position lamps and tail lamps needs to be compensated.
Number See positiion in length
ECE-R48 § 6.18.2
Color Amber (in combination with the combination rear lamp, red is also possible)
ECE-R48 § 5.15
ECE-R48 § 6.18.4.2
Position in length Foremost max. 3 m from the front, rearmost max. 1 m from rear, max. 3 m between the individual
ECE-R48 § 6.18.4.3 side marker lamps (exception: 4 m). Min. 1 in the front and/or rear third.
For vehicle lengths of ≤ 6 m, alternatively min. one in the middle third. M1 vehicles > 6 m but
< 7 m, one side marker lamp within 3 m from front and one in the last third of the vehicle length.
Visibility Horizontal ± 45°. For vehicles in which the installation is optional, however, ± 30°. Vertical ± 10°, but
ECE-R48 § 6.18.5 for a position in height of < 750 mm 5° downwards.
Electrical connections For M1 vehicles and N1 vehicles that are < 6 m long, side marker lamps may also act as indicators.
ECE-R48 § 6.18.7 They must flash at the same frequency as the direction indicators and on the same side.
Tell-tale Optional. If there is a tell-tale, its function must be met by the mandatory tell-tale for the position
ECE-R48 § 6.18.8 lamps and tail lamps.
Other regulations The illuminating surface of the reflector may be integrated into the side indicator lamp. The max.
ECE-R48 § 6.18.9 position in height of the reflex reflector needs to be observed here. The rear side marker lamps must
be amber if they flash together with the rear direction indicator.
Flashing side marker lights can be used as replacements for side direction indicators.**
** ECE R48 Supplement 6
ECE-R91 § 7.1
Category SM1 (use in all vehicle classes) = luminous intensity min. 4 cd, max. 25 cd
Category SM2 (use only in M1 classes) = luminous intensity min 0.6 cd, max. 25 cd
16 | 17
As far outwards as possible

Max.
400
Min. 60 mm
mm
Max. 600 mm Max. 600 mm
Max. 600 mm Max. 600 mm As

high as
Min. 60 mm possible
Conspicuity markings
Presence Partial contour marking mandatory on vehicles in the following classes with a length of > 6,000 mm:
ECE-R48 § 6.21.1 N2 > 7.5 t and N3 (exception: chassis with cab, incomplete vehicles and semitrailer tractors). However,
if it is not possible to install the mandatory contour marking, line markings may be installed.
Optional on vehicles in all other classes except M1 vehicles. A full contour marking may be used
in place of a partial contour marking. Partial or full contour marking is permissible in place of line
marking.
Arrangement Horizontal and vertical if compatible with the shape, structure and design of the vehicle.
ECE-R48 § 6.21.3
Color White or amber
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in length Continuous until as close as practicable to the ends of the vehicle, within max. 600 mm of each end
ECE-R48 § 6.21.4.2 of the vehicle.
➔➔ For vehicles, at each end of the vehicle.
➔➔ For semitrailer tractors at each end of the driver’s cab.
The total length of the horizontal markings must be min. 70 % of the value of the following
dimensions:
➔➔ For vehicles: length of vehicle (without driver’s cab).
➔➔ For semitrailer tractors: length of the driver’s cab.
If this is not technically feasible, this value can be reduced to 60%/40%.
Position in height Lower marking: as low as possible, but min. 250 mm above the ground, max. 1,500 mm above the
ECE-R48 § 6.21.4.3 ground (exception: to 2,500 mm). Upper marking: as high as possible, max. 400 mm from the upper
edge of the vehicle.
Visibility Min. 70% of the marking must be visible to an onlooker.
ECE-R48 § 6.21.5
Position on side As close as practicable to being parallel to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
ECE-R48 § 6.21.6.1
Other regulations 1. Conspicuity markings are deemed continuous if the clearances between parts arranged next to
ECE-R48 § 6.21.7 each other ares as small as possible and no more than 50% of the shortest length of one of these
parts. (If this is not possible, a value > 50% but < 1 m is allowed.)
2. In the case of a partial contour marking, each upper corner must be clearly marked by two lines at
angles of 90°; each line must be min. 250 mm long.
3. The locations of the vehicle where the conspicuity markings are to be installed must be big enough
to bear markings that are min. 60 mm wide.
Note: due to the multitude of restrictions and modifications for conspicuity markings in ECE-R48, we strongly recommend using the unshortened
original version in your planning processes.
Rear lighting – motor vehicle
18 | 19
Rear direction indicator (indicator)


ECE-R48 § 6.5.1 Category 2a or 2b.
Number 2 units, further 2 optionally possible for M2, M3, N2 and N3 vehicles.
ECE-R48 § 6.5.3
Color Amber
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in width Max. 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle. This does
Min. 600 mm ECE-R48 § 6.5.4.1 not apply to the additional indicators. Min. 600 mm between the two
Min. 600
indicators, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths < 1,300 mm.
Max. 400 mm mm* Position in height Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm, only if the vehicle
ECE-R48 § 6.5.4.2 geometry does not allow for an installation of less than 1,500 mm and if
no additional indicators are installed). Position in height of the additional
indicators: min. 600 mm above the mandatory indicators.
Visibility Horizontal 45° inwards to 80° outwards. 45° outside for M1 and N1
ECE-R48 § 6.5.5 vehicles if the side marker lamp also flashes. Vertical ± 15°, but for a
* Above the mandatory indicators position in height of < 750 mm also 5° downwards. Optional indicators
with a position in height of 2,100 mm also 5° downwards.
Electrical connections Must switch on independently of the other lamps (except other
ECE-R48 § 6.5.7 indicators). All indicators need to be switched on and off on the same
side of the vehicle by the same activation device. They must flash
synchronously.
Tell-tale Mandatory
ECE-R48 § 6.5.8
Other regulations Installation of 2 additional indicators on all vehicles of classes M2, M3, N2
ECE-R48 § 6.5.9 and N3 is optional.
ECE-R6 § 6.1
Category 2a (fixed) = luminous intensity min. 50 cd, single lamp max. 500 cd, type “D” lamp max. 250 cd
Category 2b (variable) = luminous intensity min. 50 cd, single lamp max. 1,000 cd, type “D” lamp max. 500 cd
REAR LIGHTING – MOTOR VEHICLE
Tail lamp

ECE-R48 § 6.10.1 Categories R, R1 or R2.
Number 2 units, further 2 optionally possible for M2, M3, N2 and N3 vehicles (if
ECE-R48 § 6.10.2 clearance lamps are not installed).
Color Red
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in width Max. 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle. This does not
Min. 600 mm ECE-R48 § 6.10.4.1 apply to the additional tail lamps. The clearance between the tail lamps
Min. 600
for M1 and N1 vehicles is not defined. For all other vehicle classes min.
mm*
600 mm between both tail lamps, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths <
Max. 400 mm 1,300 mm.
Position in height Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm, only if the vehicle
ECE-R48 § 6.10.4.2 geometry does not allow for an installation of less than 1,500 mm and
Min. 350 mm Max. 1,500 mm no additional tail lamps are installed). Position in height of the additional
indicators: min. 600 mm above the mandatory tail lamps.
* Above the mandatory indicators Visibility Horizontal 45° inwards to 80° outwards. 45° for M1 and N1 vehicles
ECE-R48 § 6.10.5 if a side marker lamp is installed. Vertical ± 15°, but for a position in
height of < 750 mm also 5° downwards. For additional tail lamps with a
position in height of 2,100 mm, also 5° upwards.
ECE-R48 § 6.10.7 lamps and registration plate lamps can only be switched on and off
simultaneously.
Tell-tale Mandatory. It must be combined with the tell-tale for the front position
ECE-R48 § 6.10.8 lamps.
ECE-R7 § 6.1
Category R, R1 (fixed) = luminous intensity min. 4 cd, single lamp max. 17 cd, type “D” lamp max. 8.5 cd
Category R2 (variable) = luminous intensity min. 4 cd, single lamp max. 42 cd, type “D” lamp max. 21 cd
20 | 21
Stop lamp

ECE-R48 § 6.7.1 Category S1 or S2.
Number 2 units
ECE-R48 § 6.7.2 Except when stop lamps in category S3 or S4 are installed (center high
mounted stop lamps), two additional stop lamps in category S1 or S2
can be installed on vehicle classes M2, M3, N2 and N3.
Color Red
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Min. 600 mm Position in width For M1 and N1 vehicles, max. 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of
ECE-R48 § 6.7.4.1 the vehicle. No regulations regarding the clearance between the stop
Max. 400 mm lamps. For all other vehicle classes min. 600 mm between both stop
lamps, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths < 1,300 mm.
Min. 350 mm Max. 1,500 mm ECE-R48 § 6.7.4.2 geometry does not allow for an installation of less than 1,500 mm
and 2 additional stop lamps are not installed). Position in height of the
additional stop lamps: min. 600 mm above the mandatory stop lamps.
Visibility Horizontal ± 45°. Vertical ± 15°, but for a position in height of < 750
ECE-R48 § 6.7.5 mm also 5° downwards. The vertical angle above the horizontal can
be reduced to 5° if the position in height of the additional stop lamps is
2,100 mm.
Electrical connections Must light up when the brake is pressed.
ECE-R48 § 6.7.7
Tell-tale Optional. If there is one, only as an operating tell-tale in the shape of a
ECE-R48 § 6.7.8 non-flashing warning lamp that lights up in the event of a fault.
Other regulations The clearance of the stop lamp to the rear fog lamp must be ≥ 100 mm.
ECE-R48 § 6.11.9
ECE-R7 § 6.1
Category S1 (fixed) = luminous intensity min. 60 cd, single lamp max. 260 cd, type “D” lamp max. 130 cd
Category S2 (variable) = luminous intensity min. 60 cd, single lamp max. 730 cd, type “D” lamp max. 365 cd
Center high mounted stop lamp

Presence Category S3 or S4.

ECE-R48 § 6.7.1 Mandatory for vehicle classes M1 and N1. Except chassis with driver’s
cabs and N1 vehicles with an open loading space. Optional for other
vehicle classes.
Number 1 unit
ECE-R48 § 6.7.2 If the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle is not located on a fixed
body panel but separates e.g. doors and there is no space for an S3 or
Min. 850 mm S4 stop lamp, two S3 or S4 stop lamps of the type “D” stop lamp or an
S3 or S4 stop lamp can be installed to the left or right of the median
longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
Color Red
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Presence in width The central reference point must lie in the median longitudinal plane
ECE-R48 § 6.7.4.1 of the vehicle. If two S3 or S4 stop lamps are installed, each one needs
to be installed as close as possible to the median longitudinal plane. If
only one S3 or S4 stop lamp is installed next to the median longitudinal
plane, the clearance may not be greater than 150 mm.
Presence in height Either max. 150 mm below the rear window or min. 850 mm above the
ECE-R48 § 6.7.4.2 ground. Above the S1 and S2 stop lamps.
Visibility Horizontal ± 10°. Vertical 10° over and 5° below the horizontal.
ECE-R48 § 6.7.5
Electrical connections Must light up when the braking system sends a corresponding signal.
ECE-R48 § 6.7.7
Other regulations The S3 or S4 stop lamp can be installed outside or inside the vehicle. If
ECE-R48 § 6.7.9 it is intalled inside, it must not dazzle the driver. An S3 or S4 stop lamp
may not be built into another lamp.
ECE-R7 § 6.1
22 | 23
Reversing lamp

ECE-R48 § 6.4.1
Number 1 device mandatory and a second one mandatory on M1 vehicles and all
ECE-R48 § 6.4.2 other vehicles with a length of < 6 m. 2 devices mandatory and 2 devices
optional* on all vehicles with lengths of > 6 m, except M1 vehicles.
Color White
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in width No regulations
ECE-R48 § 6.4.4.1
ECE-R48 § 6.4.4.2
Visibility 1 lamp: horizontal ± 45°. 2 lamps: horizontal 30° inwards to 45°
Min. 250 mm Max. 1,200 mm ECE-R48 § 6.4.5 outwards. Vertical 15° upwards, to 5° downwards.
Electrical connections Only lights up when the reverse gear is engaged and the vehicle is in
ECE-R48 § 6.4.7 running order. The special conditions in section 6.4.7.2 apply to the
optional reversing lamps.
Tell-tale Optional
ECE-R48 § 6.4.8
* Installation of the two optional reversing lamps also allowed on the vehicle side.
Rear fog lamp


ECE-R48 § 6.11.1 Category F, F1 or F2.
Number 1 or 2 units
ECE-R48 § 6.11.2
Color Red
ECE-R48 § 5.15
ECE-R48 § 6.11.4.1
Position in height Min. 250 mm, max. 1,000 mm. For N3G or if built together with another
ECE-R48 § 6.11.4.2 rear lamp: max. 1,200 mm.
General position With 1 rear fog lamp: left of center = right-hand traffic, right of center =
ECE-R48 § 6.11.4.1 left-hand traffic. Presence in the middle is allowed.
ECE-R48 § 6.11.5
Electrical connections Cannot be switched on unless the low beam, high beam or fog lamps
ECE-R48 § 6.11.7 are switched on.
Tell-tale Mandatory. An independent, non-flashing warning light.
ECE-R48 § 6.11.8
Other regulations The clearance to the stop lamp must be > 100 mm. The rear fog lamp of
ECE-R48 § 6.11.9 the tractor vehicle can switch off automatically if a trailer is towed and
its rear fog lamp is thereby switched on.
ECE-R38 § 6.1
Category F, F1 (fixed) = luminous intensity min. 150 cd, max. 300 cd
Category F2 (variable) = luminous intensity min. 150 cd, max. 840 cd
Registration plate lamp


ECE-R48 § 6.8.1
Number 1 or more
ECE-R48 § 6.8.2
Color White
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Arrangement In a way that the registration plate is illuminated.
ECE-R48 § 6.8.3
Electrical connections Must be designed so that the position lamp, registration plate lamp,
ECE-R48 § 6.8.7 tail lamp and side marker lamps can only be switched on and off
simultaneously.
ECE-R48 § 6.8.8 mandatory tell-tale for the position lamps and tail lamps
Parking lamps, rear

ECE-R48 section 6.12 and ECE-R77 or ECE-R7
Presence Optional for vehicles ≤ 6 m long and ≤ 2 m wide.

Number 2 lamps at the front and 2 lamps at the back or 1 lamp on each side.
ECE-R48 § 6.12.3
Color Red
ECE-R48 § 5.15
ECE-R48 § 6.12.4.1 If only two lamps are installed, then install on the vehicle sides.
Position in height No specific regulations for M1 and N1 vehicles. For all other vehicle
Max. 400 mm ECE-R48 § 6.12.4.2 classes: min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm)*.
Visibility Horizontal 45°. Vertical ± 15°, but for a position in height of < 750 mm 5°
ECE-R48 § 6.12.5 downwards is also sufficient.
Electrical connections It must be possible to switch the parking lamps on and off
ECE-R48 § 6.12.7 independently of all other functions.
Tell-tale Optional. If one is available, it must not be confused with the tell-tale for
ECE-R48 § 6.12.8 the position lamps and tail lamps.
24 | 25
Rear contour lamp

Max. 400 mm Presence Mandatory for vehicles > 2.1 m wide. Optional for vehicles > 1.8 m length
ECE-R48 § 6.13.1 and ≤ 2.1 m wide. Optional on chassis with cab.
Category R, R1, R2, RM1 or RM2.
Number 2 units, further 2 optional
ECE-R48 § 6.13.2
As high as
Color Red
possible
ECE-R48 § 5.15
ECE-R48 § 6.13.4.1
Position in height As high as possible. Optional and mandatory with the greatest possible
ECE-R48 § 6.13.4.2 clearance.
Visibility Horizontal 80° outwards, vertical 5° over and 20° below the horizontal.
ECE-R48 § 6.13.5
simultaneously.
Clearance of the clearance lamp to the tail lamp min. 200 mm.
ECE-R7 § 6.1
Category R, R1, RM1 (fixed) = luminous intensity min. 4 cd, single lamp max. 17 cd, type “D” lamp max. 8.5 cd
Category R2, RM2 (variable) = luminous intensity min. 4 cd, single lamp max. 42 cd, type “D” lamp max. 21 cd
Rear reflectors

ECE-R48 § 6.14.1
Number 2 devices, additional devices optional.
ECE-R48 § 6.14.2
Color Red
ECE-R48 § 5.15
ECE-R48 § 6.14
Min. 600 mm
Max. 400 mm ECE-R48 § 6.14.4.1 between the reflectors for M1 and N1 vehicles is not defined. For all other
vehicle classes, min. 600 mm between both reflectors, but min. 400 mm
for vehicle widths < 1,300 mm.
Min. 250 mm Max. 900 mm Position in height Min. 250 mm, max. 900 mm. Not more than 1,200 mm, if it is installed
ECE-R48 § 6.14.4.2 with another rear lamp function (exception: 1,500 mm).
Other regulations The illuminating surface of the reflex reflector may be installed with
ECE-R48 § 6.14.7 any other lamp. The max. position in height of the reflector needs to be
observed here!
26 | 27
As far outwards as possible

Min. 60 mm
Max. 400 mm Presence Full contour markings mandatory for the following classes with a width
ECE-R48 § 6.21.1 of > 2,100mm: N2 > 7.5 t and N3 (exception: chassis with cab, incomplete
vehicles and semitrailer tractors). However, if it is not possible to install
the mandatory contour markings due to the shape, structure, type or
operating conditions, line markings may be installed.
As high as possible
Optional on vehicles in all other classes except M1 vehicles. A full
contour marking may be used in place of a partial contour marking.
Partial or full contour marking is permissible in place of line marking.
Arrangement Horizontal and vertical if compatible with the shape, structure and
Min. 60 mm ECE-R48 § 6.21.3 design of the vehicle.
Color Red or amber
ECE-R48 § 5.15 Some countries allow white.
Position in width As close as practicable to the edge of the vehicle. The effective total
ECE-R48 § 6.21.4.1 width of the horizontal marking must be min. 80 % of the vehicle width.
Position in height Lower marking: as low as possible, but min. 250 mm above the ground,
ECE-R48 § 6.21.4.3 max. 1,500 mm above the ground (exception: to 2,500 mm). Upper
marking: as high as possible, max. 400 mm from the upper edge of the
vehicle.
ECE-R48 § 6.21.5
Position at rear As close as practicable to being parallel to the transverse plane of the
ECE-R48 § 6.21.6.2 vehicle.
Other regulations 1. Conspicuity markings are deemed continuous if the clearances
ECE-R48 § 6.21.7 between parts arranged next to each other is as small as possible and
no more than 50% of the shortest length of one of these parts. (if this is
not possible, a value > 50% but < 1 m is allowed.)
2. The clearance between the conspicuity markings installed at the rear
of the vehicle and every mandatory stop lamp should be greater than
200 mm.
3. If rear registration plates of regulation ECE-R70 are installed, these
can be considered as part of the rear conspicuity marking at the
manufacturer’s discretion when calculating the conspicuity marking and
its clearance to the side of the vehicle.
4. The locations of the vehicle where the conspicuity markings are to
be installed must be big enough to bear markings that are min. 60 mm
wide.
Note: due to the multitude of restrictions and modifications for conspicuity markings in ECE-R48, we strongly
recommend using the unshortened original version in your planning processes.
Front lighting – trailers
28 | 29
As close as possible to the

extreme outer edge Front clearance lamp
Max. 400 mm
Presence Mandatory for all trailers > 2.1 m wide.
ECE-R48 § 6.13.1 Optional for trailers > 1.8 m to ≤ 2.1 m width.
Category A or AM.
Number 2 lamps, 2 additional lamps optional
As high as ECE-R48 § 6.13.2
possible
Color White
ECE-R48 § 5.15
ECE-R48 § 6.13.4.1
Position in height As high as possible.
ECE-R48 § 6.13.4.2
Visibility Horizontal 80° outwards, vertical 5° over and 20° below the horizontal.
ECE-R48 § 6.13.5
simultaneously.
Clearance from clearance lamp to position lamp > 200 mm.
ECE-R7 § 6.1.1
Category A, AM = luminous intensity min. 4 cd, single lamp max. 140 cd, type “D” lamp max. 70 cd
FRONT LIGHTING – TRAILERS
Front position lamp


ECE-R48 § 6.9.1 Optional for trailers ≤ 1.6 m wide.
Number 2 lamps
ECE-R48 § 6.9.2
Color White
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Min. 250 mm Max. 1,500 mm ECE-R48 § 6.9.4.1 Min. 600 mm between both position lamps, but min. 400 mm for vehicle
widths < 1,300 mm.
Position in height Min. 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm only for trailers in
ECE-R48 § 6.9.4.2 classes O1 and O2 or if max. 1,500 mm is not possible for other trailers).
Visibility Horizontal 5° inwards and 80° outwards. Vertical ± 15°, but for a position
ECE-R48 § 6.9.5 in height height of < 750 mm also 5° downwards.
simultaneously. Can be switched off when indicating.
Tell-tale Mandatory. The tell-tale must not flash. Not necessary if the lighting
ECE-R48 § 6.9.8 equipment in the dashboard can only be switched on at the same time
as the position lamps.
Front reflector
Presence Mandatory for all trailers.

ECE-R48 § 6.16.1
Number Min. 2 devices, further 2 optional
ECE-R48 § 6.16.2
Max. 150 mm Color White/colorless

Min. 600 mm ECE-R48 § 5.15
ECE-R48 § 6.16
Position in width Max. 150 mm, min. 600 mm between both reflex reflectors, but min. 400
ECE-R48 § 6.16.4.1 mm for vehicle widths < 1,300 mm.
Position in height Min. 250 mm, max. 900 mm (exception: 1,500 mm).
ECE-R48 § 6.16.4.2
Visibility Horizontal 10° inwards and 30° outwards. Additional reflex reflectors
ECE-R48 § 6.16.5 can help with the horizontal values. Vertical ± 10°, but for a position in
height of < 750 mm 5° downwards.
Other regulations The illuminating surface of the reflex reflector may be integrated in any
ECE-R48 § 6.16.9 other front lamp.
30 | 31
Side lighting – trailers
32 | 33
Max. 3,000 mm Max. 3,000 mm Max. 1,000 mm
Side reflector

ECE-R48 § 6.17.1
ECE-R48 § 6.17.2
Color Amber
ECE-R48 § 5.15
ECE-R48 § 6.17
Position in height Min. 250 mm, max. 900 mm, max. 1,200 mm if integrated in another lamp (exception: 1,500 mm).
ECE-R48 § 6.17.4.2
Position in length The reflex reflector installed at the foremost point must not be further than max. 3 m from the front
ECE-R48 § 6.17.4.3 of the vehicle. Max. 3 m between the individual reflex reflectors (exception: 4 m). Max. clearance from
rear 1 m, min. 1 reflex reflector in the middle third.
Visibility Horizontal ± 45°. Vertical ± 10°, but for a position in height of < 750 mm 5° downwards.
ECE-R48 § 6.17.5
Other regulations The illuminating surface of the reflex reflector may be integrated in any other position lamp.
ECE-R48 § 6.17.9
SIDE LIGHTING – TRAILERS
Max. 3,000 mm Max. 3,000 mm Max. 1,000 mm
Side marker lamp (SM1)

Presence Mandatory for all trailers > 6 m long. Optional for trailers < 6 m long.
ECE-R48 § 6.18.1
ECE-R48 § 6.18.2
Color Front amber, rear amber (in combination with the combination rear lamp, red is also possible)
ECE-R48 § 5.15
ECE-R48 § 6.18.4.2
Position in length Foremost side marker lamp not further than max. 3 m from the front, rearmost side marker lamp
ECE-R48 § 6.18.4.3 not further than max. 1 m from rear, max. 3 m between the individual side marker lamps (exception:
4 m).
Min. 1 in the front and / or rear third. For vehicle lengths of ≤ 6 m, alternatively min. one in the middle
third.
Visibility Horizontal ± 45°, with optional side marker lamps ± 30°. Vertical ± 10°, but for a position in height of <
ECE-R48 § 6.18.5 750 mm 5° downwards.
Electrical connections No regulations
ECE-R48 § 6.18.7
Tell-tale Optional. If there is a tell-tale, its function must be met by the mandatory tell-tale for the position
ECE-R48 § 6.18.8 lamps and tail lamps.
Other regulations The shining surface of the reflector may be integrated into the side indicator light.
ECE-R48 § 6.18.9 The max. attachment height of the reflex reflector needs to be observed here. The rear side marker
lights must be amber if they flash together with the rear direction indicator.
Flashing side marker lights can be used as replacements for side direction indicators.**
** ECE R48 Supplement 6
ECE-R91 (7.1)
Category SM1 (use in all vehicle classes) = luminous intensity min. 4 cd, max. 25 cd
34 | 35
Additional side direction indicator (indicator)

Attachment and number O2 vehicles of > 9m length: Up to 3 optional category 5 or one category 6 per O3 and O4 vehicle side:
ECE-R48 § 6.5.1, § 6.5.2 Three category 5* distributed as evenly as possible per vehicle side is stipulated.
§ 6.5.3
Color Amber
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in height > 500 mm to max. 1,500 mm (in exceptional cases, up to 2,300 mm)**.
ECE-R48 § 6.5.4.2.1
Position in length Category 5 = distributed evenly along the length of the trailer.
ECE-R48 § 6.5.4.3 Category 6 = between the 1st and the last quarter of the trailer.
Visibility Horizontal min. 5° to 60° rear. Vertical ± 15° for category 5, but for position in heights of < 750 mm
ECE-R48 § 6.5.5 also 5° downwards. For category 6, however, additionally 30° over and 5° below the horizontal.
Electrical connections It must switch on independently of the other lamps. They need to be switched on and off on the same
ECE-R48 § 6.5.7 side of the vehicle by the same activation device.
Tell-tale Not mandatory
ECE-R48 § 6.5.8
* These three category 5 lamps are not necessary if at least three flashing side marker lights that flash synchronously with the other direction indicators are attached to
the same vehicle side. (ECE R48 Supplement 6)
** An exception is only possible if the vehicle geometry does not make standard attachment possible.
SIDE LIGHTING – TRAILERS
As close as possible to the extreme outer edge

Max. 400
Min. 60 mm mm
Max. 600 mm Max. 600 mm
Max. 600 mm Max. 600 mm As high as

possible
Min. 60 mm
Presence Partial contour marking mandatory on O3 and O4 vehicles with a length of > 6,000 mm (exception:
ECE-R48 § 6.21.1 incomplete vehicles). However, if it is not possible to install the mandatory contour marking, line
markings may be installed.
Optional on vehicles in all other classes except O1 vehicles. A full contour marking may be used in
place of a partial contour marking. Partial or full contour marking is permissible in place of line
marking.
Arrangement Horizontal and vertical if compatible with the shape, structure and design of the vehicle.
ECE-R48 § 6.21.3
Color White or amber
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in length Continuous until as close as practicable to both ends of the vehicle, within max. 600 mm of each end
ECE-R48 § 6.21.4.2 of the vehicle.
➔➔ For trailers, at each end of the vehicle (without towing bar).
The total length of the horizontal markings must be min. 70% of the value of the following
dimensions:
➔➔ For trailers: length of the vehicle (without towing bar).
Position in height Lower marking: as low as possible, but min. 250 mm above the ground, max. 1,500 mm above the
ECE-R48 § 6.21.4.3 ground (exception: to 2,500 mm). Upper marking: as high as possible, max. 400 mm from the upper
edge of the vehicle.
ECE-R48 § 6.21.5
Position on side As close as practicable to being parallel to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
ECE-R48 § 6.21.6.1
Other regulations 1. Conspicuity markings are deemed continuous if the clearances between parts arranged next to
ECE-R48 § 6.21.7 each other is as small as possible and no more than 50% of the shortest length of one of these parts.
(if this is not possible, a value > 50% but < 1 m is allowed.)
2. In the case of a partial contour marking, each upper corner must be clearly marked by two lines at
angles of 90°; each line must be min. 250 mm long.
3. The locations of the vehicle where the conspicuity markings are to be installed must be big enough
to bear markings that are min. 60 mm wide.
Note: due to the multitude of restrictions and modifications for conspicuity markings in ECE-R48, we strongly recommend
using the unshortened original version in your planning processes.
36 | 37
Rear lighting – trailers
38 | 39
Rear reflectors

ECE-R48 § 6.15.1
Number Min. 2 devices
ECE-R48 § 6.15.2
Color Red
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Min. 600 mm Shape Triangular
Max. 400 mm ECE-R48 § 6.15
Min. 250 mm Max. 900 mm Arrangement The tip of the triangle must point upwards.
ECE-R48 § 6.15.3
Position in width Max. 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle,
ECE-R48 § 6.15.4.1 min. 600 mm between the two reflex reflectors, but min. 400 mm
for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm.
Position in height Min. 250 mm, max. 900 mm, max. 1,200 mm if integrated in another
ECE-R48 § 6.15.4.2 lamp (exception: 1,500 mm)*.
Other regulations The illuminating surface of the reflex reflector may be integrated in any
ECE-R48 § 6.15.9 other rear lamp.
REAR LIGHTING – TRAILERS
Rear direction indicator (indicator)


ECE-R48 § 6.5.1 Category 2a or 2b.
Number 2 lamps, additional 2 optional on O2, O3 and O4 vehicles.
ECE-R48 § 6.5.2
Color Amber
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Max. 400 mm
Min. 600 mm
ECE-R48 § 6.5.4.1 not apply to the additional indicators. Min. 600 mm between the two
indicators, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths < 1,300 mm.
ECE-R48 § 6.5.4.2 geometry does not allow for an installation of less than 1,500 mm
and if 2 additional indicators are not installed). Position in height of the
additional indicators: min. 600 mm above the mandatory indicators.
Visibility Horizontal 45° inwards to 80° outwards. Vertical ± 15°, but for a position
ECE-R48 § 6.5.5 in height of < 750 mm also 5° downwards. Optionally with a position in
height of 2,100 mm also 5° upwards.
Electrical connections It must switch on independently of the other lamps. They need to
ECE-R48 § 6.5.7 be switched on and off on the same side of the vehicle by the same
activation device. They must flash synchronously.
Tell-tale Mandatory. The tell-tale is mandatory for the front and rear direction
ECE-R48 § 6.5.8 indicators. Vehicles which are equipped to tow a trailer must feature
a tell-tale for the direction indicator of the trailer. This is unless every
malfunction in the direction indicator of the convoy can be signalized via
the tell-tale of the towing vehicle. The tell-tale is not necessary for the
two additional direction indicators on trailers.
ECE-R6 (6.1)
Category 2a (fixed) = luminous intensity min. 50 cd, single lamp max. 500 cd, type “D” lamp max. 250 cd
Category 2b (variable) = luminous intensity min. 50 cd, single lamp max. 1,000 cd, type “D” lamp max. 500 cd
40 | 41
Tail lamp

ECE-R48 § 6.10.1 Category R1, R1 or R2.
Number 2 lamps, further 2 optionally possible for O2, O3 and O4 vehicles if
ECE-R48 § 6.10.2 clearance lamps are not installed.
Color Red
Max. 400 mm ECE-R48 § 5.15
Min. 600 mm
ECE-R48 § 6.10.4.1 not apply to the additional tail lamps. Min. 600 mm between the two tail
lamps, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths < 1,300 mm.
ECE-R48 § 6.10.4.2 geometry does not allow for an installation of less than 1,500 mm
and 2 additional tail lamps are not installed). Position in height of the
additional indicators: min. 600 mm above the mandatory tail lamps.
Visibility Horizontal 45° inwards to 80° outwards. Vertical ± 15°, but for a position
ECE-R48 § 6.10.5 in height of < 750 mm also 5° downwards. Optionally with a position in
height of 2,100 mm also 5° upwards.
simultaneously.
Tell-tale Mandatory. It must be combined with the tell-tale for the position lamps.
ECE-R48 § 6.10.8
Other regulations Except if clearance lamps are installed, 2 additional position lamps and
ECE-R48 § 6.10.9 tail lamps can be installed to all trailers of the classes O2, O3, O4.
ECE-R7 § 6.1
Category R, R1 (fixed) = luminous intensity min. 4 cd, single lamp max. 17 cd, type “D” lamp max. 8.5 cd
Category R2 (variable) = luminous intensity min. 4 cd, single lamp max. 42 cd, type “D” lamp max. 21 cd
Stop lamp

ECE-R48 § 6.7.1 Category S1 or S2.
Number 2 lamps
ECE-R48 § 6.7.2 Except if stop lamps in category S3 or S4 are installed, two additional
stop lamps in category S1 or S2 can be installed to vehicle classes O2,
O3 and O4.
Min. 600 mm Color Red

ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in width For all trailers min. 600 mm between both stop lamps, but min. 400 mm
ECE-R48 § 6.7.4.1 for vehicle widths < 1,300 mm.
ECE-R48 § 6.7.4.2 geometry does not allow for an installation of less than 1,500 mm and 2
additional stop lamps are not installed).
Position in height of the additional stop lamps: min. 600 mm above
the mandatory stop lamps.
ECE-R48 § 6.7.5 also 5° downwards. Optionally with a position in height of 2,100 mm
also 5° upwards.
Electrical connections Must light up when the brake is pressed.
ECE-R48 § 6.7.7
Other regulations The clearance of the stop lamp to the rear fog lamp must be ≥ 100 mm.
ECE-R48 § 6.7.9
ECE-R7 § 6.1
42 | 43
Center high mounted stop lamp

Presence Optional for all trailers, category S3 or S4, except if additional stop
ECE-R48 § 6.7.1 lamps of the category S1 or S2 are installed.
Number 1 unit
ECE-R48 § 6.7.2 If the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle is not located on a fixed
Min. 850 mm body panel but separates e.g. doors and there is no space for an S3 or
S4 stop lamp, two S3 or S4 stop lamps of the type “D” stop lamp or an
S3 or S4 stop lamp can be installed to the left or right of the median
longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
Color Red
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in width The reference point must lie in the median longitudinal plane of the
ECE-R48 § 6.7.4.1 trailer. If two S3 or S4 stop lamps are installed, each one needs to be
installed as close as possible to the median longitudinal plane. If only
one S3 or S4 stop lamp is installed next to the median longitudinal
plane, the clearance may not be greater than 150 mm.
Position in height Max. 150 mm below the rear window or min. 850 mm above the ground.
ECE-R48 § 6.7.4.2 Above the S1 and S2 stop lamps.
Visibility Horizontal ± 10°. Vertical 10° over and 5° below the horizontal.
ECE-R48 § 6.7.5
Electrical connections Must light up when the braking system sends a corresponding signal.
ECE-R48 § 6.7.7
Other regulations The S3 or S4 stop lamp can be installed outside or inside the vehicle. If
ECE-R48 § 6.7.9 it is installed inside, it must not dazzle the driver. An S3 or S4 stop lamp
may not be built into another lamp.
ECE-R7 § 6.1
Reversing lamp
Presence Mandatory for all trailers of the vehicle classes O2, O3 and O4.
ECE-R48 § 6.4.1 Optional for trailers of the vehicle class O1.
Number 1 device mandatory and a second one optional for trailers with a length
ECE-R48 § 6.4.2 of < 6 m. 2 devices mandatory for trailers > 6 m and 2 additional ones
optional.
Color White
ECE-R48 § 5.15
ECE-R48 § 6.4.4.1
ECE-R48 § 6.4.4.2
Visibility 1 lamp: horizontal ± 45°. 2 lamps: Horizontal 30° inwards to 45°
ECE-R48 § 6.4.5 outwards. Vertical 15° upwards, to 5° downwards.
Electrical connections Only activated when the reverse gear is engaged and the vehicle is
ECE-R48 § 6.4.7 in running order. The special conditions in section 6.4.7.2 apply to the
optional reversing lamps.
Tell-tale Optional
ECE-R48 § 6.4.8
* Installation of the two optional reversing lamps also allowed on the vehicle side.
Rear fog lamp


ECE-R48 § 6.11.1 Category F, F1 or F2.
Number 1 or 2 devices
ECE-R48 § 6.11.2
Color Red
ECE-R48 § 5.15
ECE-R48 § 6.11.4.1
Min. 250 mm Max. 1,000 mm Position in height Min. 250 mm, max. 1,000 mm
ECE-R48 § 6.11.4.2
General position With 1 rear fog lamp: left of center = right-hand traffic, right of center =
ECE-R48 § 6.11.4.1 left-hand traffic. Position in the middle is allowed
ECE-R48 § 6.11.5
Electrical connections Cannot be switched on unless the low beam, high beam or fog lamps
ECE-R48 § 6.11.7 are switched on.
Tell-tale Mandatory. An independent, non-flashing warning light.
ECE-R48 § 6.11.8
Other regulations The clearance to the stop lamp must be > 100 mm. The rear fog lamp of
ECE-R48 § 6.11.9 the tractor vehicle can switch off automatically if a trailer is towed and
its rear fog lamp is thereby switched on.
ECE-R38 § 6.1
Category F, F1 (fixed) = luminous intensity min. 150 cd, max. 300 cd
Category F2 (variable) = luminous intensity min. 150 cd, max. 840 cd
44 | 45
Registration plate lamp


ECE-R48 § 6.8.1
Number 1 or more
ECE-R48 § 6.8.2
Color White
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Arrangement In a way that the registration plate is illuminated.
ECE-R48 § 6.8.3
Electrical connnections Must be designed so that the position lamp, registration plate lamp,
ECE-R48 § 6.8.7 tail lamp and side marker lamps can only be switched on and off
simultaneously.

extreme outer edge
Rear contour lamp
Max. 400 mm
ECE-R48 § 6.13.1 Optional for trailers > 1.8 m to ≤ 2.1 m width.
Category R, R1, R2, RM1 or RM2.
Number 2 devices, further 2 clearance lamps optionally possible
As high as ECE-R48 § 6.13.2
possible
Color Red
ECE-R48 § 5.15
Position in width As close as possible to the extreme outer edge, max. 400 mm from the
ECE-R48 § 6.13.4.1 extreme outer edge of the vehicle.
Position in height As high as possible. Optional and mandatory with the greatest possible
ECE-R48 § 6.13.4.2 clearance.
Visibility Horizontal 80° outwards. Vertical 5° over and 20° below the horizontal.
ECE-R48 § 6.13.5
simultaneously.
Other regulations The rear red and front white clearance lamps may be combined in one
ECE-R48 § 6.13.9 lamp as long as the installation instructions and visibility values are
satisfied. Clearance of the clearance lamp to the tail lamp min. 200 mm.
ECE-R7 § 6.1
Category R, R1, RM1 (fixed) = luminous intensity min. 4 cd, single lamp max. 17 cd, type “D” lamp max. 8.5 cd
Category R2, RM2 (variable) = luminous
intensity min. 4 cd, single lamp max. 42 cd, type “D” lamp max. 21 cd
46 | 47

extreme outer edge
Min. Conspicuity markings
Min. 60 mm 400 mm ECE-R48 section 6.21 and ECE-R104
Presence Full contour markings mandatory in the following classes with a width
ECE-R48 § 6.21.1 of > 2,100 mm: O3 and O4 vehicles (exception: incomplete vehicles).
As high as possible However, if it is not possible to install the mandatory contour markings
due to the shape, structure, type or operating conditions, line markings
may be installed.
Min. 60 mm
Optional on vehicles in all other classes except O1 vehicles. A full
contour marking may be used in place of a partial contour marking.
Partial or full contour marking is permissible in place of line marking.
Max. 1,500 mm Min. 250 mm Arrangement Horizontal and vertical if compatible with the shape, structure and
ECE-R48 § 6.21.3 design of the vehicle.
Color Red or amber
ECE-R48 § 5.15 Some countries allow white.
Position in width As close as practicable to the edge of the vehicle. The effective total
ECE-R48 § 6.21.4.1 width of the horizontal marking must be min. 80 % of the vehicle width.
Position in height Lower marking: as low as possible, but min. 250 mm above the ground,
ECE-R48 § 6.21.4.3 max. 1,500 mm above the ground (exception: to 2,500 mm). Upper
marking: as high as possible, max. 400 mm from the upper edge of the
vehicle.
ECE-R48 § 6.21.5
Position at rear As close as practicable to being parallel to the transverse plane of the
ECE-R48 § 6.21.6.2 vehicle.
Other regulations 1. Conspicuity markings are deemed continuous if the clearances
ECE-R48 § 6.21.7 between parts arranged next to each other is as small as possible and
no more than 50% of the shortest length of one of these parts. (if this is
not possible, a value > 50% but < 1 m is allowed.)
2. The clearance between the conspicuity markings installed at the rear
of the vehicle and every mandatory stop lamp should be greater than
200 mm.
3. If rear registration plates of regulation ECE-R70 are installed, these
can be considered as part of the rear conspicuity marking at the
manufacturer’s discretion when calculating the conspicuity marking and
its clearance to the side of the vehicle.
4. The locations of the vehicle where the conspicuity markings are to
be installed must be big enough to bear markings that are min. 60 mm
wide.
Note: due to the multitude of restrictions and modifications for conspicuity markings in ECE-R48, we strongly
recommend using the unshortened original version in your planning processes.
HELLA KGaA Hueck & Co.
Rixbecker Straße 75
59552 Lippstadt, Germany
Tel.: +49 2941 38-0
Fax: +49 2941 38-7133
Internet: www.hella.com
© HELLA KGaA Hueck & Co., Lippstadt

J01132/01.16/
Subject to technical and price modifications.
For more information:

www.hella.com/truck www.hella.com/trailer

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Legal regulations

for cars and trailers based on ECE regulation 48

Survey of lighting regulations

Vehicle classes: Vehicle classes:

M1 Cars up to 3.5 t and up to 9 passengers O1 Trailers up to 0.75 t

M2 Cars up to 5 t and up to 9 passengers O2 Trailers over 0.75 t to 3.5 t

M3 Cars up to 5 t and over 9 passengers O3 Trailers over 3.5 t to 10 t

N1 Vehicles for transporting freight up to 3.5 t O4 Trailers over 10 t

N2 Vehicles for transporting freight over 3.5 t up to 12 t

N3 Vehicles for transporting freight over 12 t

N3G Offroad vehicles

Municipal vehicles and vehicles with special

Offroad vehicles 12 V trailers

Buses 24 V trailers

Legal regulations based on ECE regulation 48

Rear lighting Front lighting Side lighting

Legal regulations for lamps and headlamps ➔➔ ECE-R3 ➔➔ ECE-R77

M1 Cars up to 3.5 t and up to 9 passengers

M2 Cars up to 5 t and up to 9 passengers

M3 Cars up to 5 t and over 9 passengers

N1 Vehicles for transporting freight up to 3.5 t

N2 Vehicles for transporting freight over 3.5 t up to 12 t

N3 Vehicles for transporting freight over 12 t

N3G Offroad vehicles

Rear lighting Front lighting Side lighting

Legal regulations for lamps ➔➔ ECE-R3

O2 Trailers over 0.75 t to 3.5 t

O3 Trailers over 3.5 t to 10 t

Headlamps for low beam

Presence Mandatory for all passenger car classes.

Headlamps for high beam

Presence Mandatory for all passenger car classes.

Presence Optional for all passenger car classes.

Front direction indicator (indicator)

Presence Mandatory for all passenger car classes.

Presence Mandatory for all passenger car classes.

Parking lamps, front

Presence Optional for vehicles ≤ 6 m length and ≤ 2 m wide.

As close as possible to the extreme

Presence Mandatory for vehicles with retractable headlamps/lamps.

Daytime running lamps

Presence Mandatory for all passenger car classes.

Presence Optional for all passenger car classes.

Side direction indicator (indicator)

Max. 900 mm Min. 250 mm

Presence Mandatory for all vehicles > 6 m.

Parking lamps, side

Presence Optional for vehicles ≤ 6 m long and ≤ 2 m wide.

Max. 1,500 mm Min. 250 mm

Side marker lamp

As far outwards as possible

Max. 600 mm Max. 600 mm As

Max. 1,500 mm Min. 250 mm

Rear direction indicator (indicator)

Presence Mandatory for all passenger car classes.

Presence Mandatory for all passenger car classes.

Presence Mandatory for all passenger car classes.

Center high mounted stop lamp

Presence Category S3 or S4.