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SCIENCE
QUARTER 3 – MODULE 4

HEAT AND LIGHT

MELC: Describe how light, sound and heat travel.

K to 12 BEC CG: S4FE-IIIf-g-4

PART I.

A. Introduction
At night, even just a few minutes of brownout can cause discomfort to
everyone. Without light, life seems to stop at an instant. Earth will be too cold for
living things without heat coming from the sun. In this lesson we are going to
discuss two types of energy: heat and light as we discuss them, be sure to watch for
similarities as you learn some background on each. In the following activities, you
will determine the condition needed for heat to transfer from one place to another.
You will also observe and compare the different modes of heat transfer and
identify how light travels. These lessons are relevant to life because they help
explain some of our everyday experiences with heat and light. So, if you’re ready,
here we go.

B. Discussion
A Heat is a form of energy associated with the motion of particles and
capable of being transmitted through solid and liquid media by conduction,
convection and through empty space by radiation.

How does heat travel through solid materials?

Conduction is the transfer of heat through solid materials. Conduction is the heat
transfer through a substance or from a substance to another by direct contact.
When the particles are moving faster, there is more energy and the temperature is
higher.
Example 1: Heating water is the example of
this method. The pot is in direct contact with
the heat of the stove. The pot absorbs the
heat and transfers this to the water, causing
its molecules to vibrate and collide with
each other. The faster the movement of the
water molecules is, the hotter the water https://images.app.goo.gl/ojgncyka2tF8npy4A

becomes. The result is hot boiling water.

Example 2: The heat from the lamp makes
the atoms of the bottom of the nail to
vibrate faster. The movement of the heat is
from hot to cold.

https://images.app.goo.gl/GaeyoAmLDjHpP46v7

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 Conductors are materials that allow heat to flow easily. Metals are good
conductors. Insulators are materials through which heat passes slowly or not at
all. Some insulators are wood, plastic and ceramic.

https://images.app.goo.gl/FTpH23878hdymh59A https://images.app.goo.gl/5iCSUJD2XCFXRDvm9

How does heat travel through liquid materials?

Convection is the transfer of heat from one place to another by movement of in
fluids. Fluids include liquids and gasses. Convection involves the motion of fluids in
currents.

Example 1: When water is heated in the kettle, the

molecule at the bottom gets heated first. The heated
molecules move and rise pushing the top molecules,
which is cold, to the bottom. The colder molecules
sink, get heated at the bottom, and move up. Warm
fluid rises and cold fluid is evenly heated and you
see bubbles forming. https://images.app.goo.gl/PphwrST19oMDJZLT9

Example 2: Convection is the reason why we have

wind movements and local breezes. During daytime,
air over the land is heated. It rises and expands. Cool
air over the sea moves towards the land. That’s why
you feel a refreshing breeze by the seaside during
daytime. Some examples of convection are; a land
breeze (occurs during the night), or sea breeze (occurs
during the day).

https://images.app.goo.gl/B6DamJrUEn8uFoQK
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How does heat travel through air?

Radiation- Heat can also be transmitted across empty space or vacuum. Radiation is
the transfer of heat waves through space. It does not require direct physical contact
between materials. Radiation does not depend on the presence of matter to transfer
heat. The heat we receive from the sun is radiant energy. Radiant energy travels as
waves through space.

Example 1: You will notice that bonfire

warms the surrounding air through
radiation.

https://images.app.goo.gl/RUUVrU98WGVLadvp
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Example 2: When you sit by a campfire,

you can feel the heat warm your body.
The heat from the burning wood is
transferred to your marshmallow, causing
it to get soft and gooey.

https://images.app.goo.gl/e5ix6K7au5xaY9jK8

How does light travel?

Many scientists have been studying the nature of light. Some say that light behaves
like a wave. Other scientists say that light behaves like a group of particles. Light always
travels in a straight line when going through single medium, any substance through which
a light wave can travel.
Example 1: Try looking through a bent hose. The
light from the candle cannot the reach eyes. This
shows that light does not bend, but travels in
straight lines.
Example 2: Light can be seen through all the index
cards. The holes are in alignment and the light
travels in a straight line.

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https://images.app.goo.gl/PNGmVm1Ko5ennffZ6
 Light is a form of energy and travels as a wave in straight lines. We see things
when light hits them and bounces off and enters our eyes. Objects that create light are
sources of light and we call them luminous objects; for example, the sun. We see them
because light from them enters our eyes. Light bounces off non-luminous objects (for
example, the moon) and we see them because that light enters our eyes once it has bounced
off the object.

Light travels faster than sound. We know this because of examples such as thunder
and lightning - we see the lightning first and then hear the thunder, but they actually occur
at the same time. Another example is dropping an object such as a book - we will see the
book hit the floor before we hear the thud. The speed of light is 300 000 km/s (kilometers
per second). It takes 8 and a half minutes for light from the Sun to reach the Earth.

When we shine a laser (light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation)

ray (a very narrow beam of light) we can see that light travels in a straight line. Shadows
are made because light does not travel through some objects, and so a shadow appears
behind these objects (on the opposite side to the light source).

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PART II. Activity Proper

Activity 1
A. Direction: Write conduction, convection or radiation in the blank provided for
each number to show the type of heat transfer.

A microwave heats food using microwaves Hot air inflates a hot air
via the Electromagnetic balloon
Spectrum

1. 2.
https://images.app.goo.gl/3gePP1ktnuZ1ch7u5 https://images.app.goo.gl/3gePP1ktnuZ1ch7u5

A bowl of oatmeal cools

Marshmallow heats
over a fire

4.
3. https://images.app.goo.gl/3gePP1ktnuZ1ch7u5 https://images.app.goo.gl/3gePP1ktnuZ1ch7u5

The sun causes water in a A pot sitting on a hot

pond to evaporate burner

5. 6.

https://images.app.goo.gl/3gePP1ktnuZ1ch7u5 https://images.app.goo.gl/3gePP1ktnuZ1ch7u5

A hot horseshoe a spoon in a cup of

hot soup becomes
transfers heat to
warmer.
the tongs

8.
7. https://images.app.goo.gl/3gePP1ktnuZ1ch7u5 https://images.app.goo.gl/3gePP1ktnuZ1ch7u5

A raw egg begins to fry Grilling hamburgers over a

as it hits the heated charcoal flame.
frying pan

9. 10.

https://images.app.goo.gl/3gePP1ktnuZ1ch7u5 https://images.app.goo.gl/3gePP1ktnuZ1ch7u5

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Activity 2
A. Direction: Write the examples of insulators and conductors from the words inside
the box.

Rubber Aluminum Copper

Paper Wood Air

INSULATOR CONDUCTOR

1. 4.

2. 5.

3.

Activity 3
A. Direction: Write the correct word in each blank from the listed words inside the
fire.
Heat is a form of caused by particles in an object that vibrate. Heat
always flows in the same direction: from to . There are three key ways that
heat transfers. With hot objects, heat transfers when the objects come into direct contact
with other things. This is known as . Heat transfer happens when
warmer, less dense particles rise and cooler, denser particles sink. This ongoing process is
known as a current. Heat can also be transferred through space
(distance) in the form of waves. This process is known as .

radiation
hot conduction

convection
cold
energy
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 B. Direction: Write the correct word in each blank from the listed words inside the
flashlight.

Light travels in lines from a of light that

bounces off an object. We can see the object because the enters our eyes.
Wood and cardboard are materials that light cannot travel through. Glass is a
material which allows light to pass through. Tissue Paper is _
which will let some light through.

light

translucent
opaque
transparent straight
source

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 Key to Correction

Part II.
Activity 1
A.
1. Radiation 6. Conduction
2. Convection 7. Conduction
3. Radiation 8. Conduction
4. Convection 9. Conduction
5. Radiation 10. Radiation

Activity 2

A
1.Rubber
2. Paper
3.Wood
4.Aluminum
5.Copper

Activity 3

A B
1. energy 1. straight
2. hot 2. source
3. cold 3. light
4. conduction 4. opaque
5. convection 5. transparent
6. radiation 6. translucent

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PART III. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION

A. Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. How is heat transferred in solid materials?
A. through convection B. through conduction
C. through radiation D. through vacuum

2. What is the direction of a heat transfer?

A. from cold to hot B. from bottom to top

C. from hot to cold D. from side to side

3. What happens to a liquid when heated?

A. it remains the same B.it increases its volume

C. it cannot be determined D. it increases its temperature

4. Which of the following is the transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid?

A. radiation B. conduction
C. infrared D. convection

5. A material that does not allow heat to pass through it easily

A. conductor B. contract
C. expand D. insulator

6. Energy from the Sun reaches Earth by .

A. friction B. reflection
C. convection D. radiation

7. Transfer of heat through a solid is called .

A. convection B. radiation
C. conduction D. solar heating

8. Convection takes place in .

A. solids only B. liquids only

C. gases only D. gases and liquids

9. The movement of energy by waves is called__________.

A. convection B. radiation
C. conduction D. thermal energy
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10. Which of these describes how light travels through empty space?

A. it scatters widely in all directions B. it travels straight but changes direction

C. it travels in a straight line D. it changes direction often even no objects

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B. Direction: Write conduction, convection, or radiation to identify the method of heat
transfer that is taking place.
1. You are doing your homework at a desk that is underneath a lamp. You start to feel
hotter because of from the lamp.

2. Your best friend has a bunk bed. You move from the bottom bunk to the top bunk and
notice that the air is warmer. The warm air rises because of .

3. You are in science class and want to see if the hot plates were used recently. You place
your hand over the hot plate. Without touching the hot plate, your hand feels warmer. Heat
is transferred to your hand by .

4. You are roasting marshmallows at a campfire. The metal skewer (stick) that you’re
cooking your marshmallow on burns your hand because of .

5. You buy a lava lamp from the store. As the lamp heats up, blobs of liquid rise to the top
then sink back down to the bottom. This process continues because of
.

C. Directions: Perform the activity given and answer the questions that follows.

1. How do light waves travel? Get three index cards. Punch a hole near the top, going
through all three cards at once to make sure the holes line up later. Tape the cards to blocks
or other small objects to make them stand upright. Set the three cards up in a row and
shine a flashlight through them.

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What do you notice in the light when the hole in the cardboard is aligned?
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Now, move one of the cards slightly out of line. What happens?

________________________________________________________________________

2. How is heat transferred into solid liquid and gas materials? Give accurate example

and explain it briefly. Write your answer on the space provided.

Example:

SOLID
Explanation:

Example:

LIQUID
Explanation:

Example:

AIR
Explanation:

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References:
A. Books
Department of Education. (2015). Science Learner’s Material
4.Lexicon Press, Inc. pp. 2-11

Department of Education. (2015). Science Teacher’s. Guide

4.Lexicon Press, Inc. pp. 2-11

Department of Education. (2013). Curriculum Guide Science 4

Sheila Vencio-Diaz, Candice R. Mapilisan. 2015. Conceptual Science and Beyond

4. Bonanda plaza 2 Block 1, Lot 6, Hilltop Subdivision Greater Lagro, Novaliches,

Quezon City.

B. Online and Other Sources

https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/TransparentTranslucentOpaque-QUIZ-
4th-Grade-Science-1108971
https://images.app.goo.gl/hjD8EwFVWqmDZb5r9
https://images.app.goo.gl/5iCSUJD2XCFXRDvm9
https://scrapbookingsinn.blogspot.com/2019/03/how-does-light-travel-in-straight-
line.html
https://images.app.goo.gl/jnYpZhfrkXz6TUfy7
https://images.app.goo.gl/GaeyoAmLDjHpP46v7
https://scrapbookingsinn.blogspot.com/2019/03/how-does-light-travel-in-straight-
line.html

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