Seminar Proposal
Seminar Proposal
Seminar Proposal
INTRODUCTION
people can easily communicate with each other. People all over the
the world. Therefore, to learn English, especially for a lot of not English
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In Indonesia, English is one of important subject as main subject
school until university level. Through this way the goverment tries to
language. The short and limited frequency of the meeting, they are
expected to be able to read, speak, listen, and write in English. They are
this objective, the teacher should develop the four language skills they
are listening, reading, speaking and writing. From those four skills,
speaking skills is the most important skill that the students must
Because English is not our native language, the student are difficult to
learn it, based on that statement, English is taught with many methods.
the old way in teaching learning process. They transfer the material
only, without concern that the students understand or not. Finally the
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process, the teacher can use so many techniques. One of technique
not realize that story telling technique can growing up the speaking
actively in learning process. That is common way that can make the
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innovative to change the students’ mind that English is one of fun
speaking skill especially for the second year student of High School.
telling technique are students get many vocabularies and know how to
using short or long story and any pictures in class situation by using
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2) What to improve the students’ speaking skill but to
pronunciation is low?
grade high school. An English teacher should choose and use a suitable
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"How does the teacher improve the students’ speaking skill by using
The writer hopes that there are some benefits can be reached by
basis in writing this essay. Not only that the researcher is going
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The study can give distribution to the attempt of solving
teaching speaking more. They will see that what their students’
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boredom on students’ that can influence the ability of students’
who have the skills and attitudes good and have the ability to
CHAPTER II
THEORITICAL DESCRIPTION, FRAMEWORK OF THINKING,AND
ACTION HYPOTHESIS
A. Theoretical Description
a. Definition Speaking
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Speaking is one of four language skill that must be attained by
learned and practiced. Speaking is very important for expressing our ideas,
interaction.
foreign language.
feeling by the words which are going our to producing from his/her mouth
others are so large that they human needs and desires we will not eve
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Jeremy Harmer. 2007. How to Teach English, (London: Longman, 2001) p.88
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Glenn Fulcher, Testing Second Language Speaking, (London: Pearson Education
Limited. 2003) p.23
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And Speaking as one productive skill as commonly defined as the ability
communication with the other. So the students must study about the
thinking, and learning. Ur, Penny in pine with Lawtie also said that “of all
intuitively the most important: People who know a language are referred
of knowing, and many if not most foreign language learners are primarily
vocabulary)”5 it is the use of the right words in the right order with the
3
Lawtie Fiona, Teaching Speaking Skill 2, Overcoming Classroom Problems, (British :
British Council Carasas 2004) p.20
4
Ur Penny, A Course in Language Teaching Practice And Theory, (Cambridge :
Cambridge University Press, 2009) p.120
5
Burkat G, Spoken Language : What It Is and How To Teach It (
http://www/nclrc.org/esseniatial/speaking/spindex.htm)
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right pronunciation. And the function (transaction and interaction); it is
(interactional/relation building). And the social and the culture rules and
what reason.
child life, which is began by listening skill, and that time the talent of
by listening and reading, a think that we must realize also that language
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to speak fluently and to express an idea “Speaking is to express an idea
use of the number of the different skill which often develops at different
b. Teaching of Speaking
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Mulyanto Sumardi, Pengajaran Bahasa Asing, (Jakarta,: Bulan Bintang,1947) p.17
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Teaching speaking skill to student should be oriented to enabling
skill. First, whatever the activity chosen, it should allow student to talk
the activity. It does not only better student who dominate in the class.
student. The last one, the activity of learning should be acceptable with
that use to express of meaning, so the other student can make sense of
communicative.
activities as follows:7
7
Jeremy Harmer. The Practice of English Language Teaching, ( Great Biritian : a
person education limited, 2001) p. 269-270
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1) Acting from a script
Student’s to act out scene from plays and/ or their course boo. Sometimes
filming the some result, student will often act the dialogues they
have written themselves. This frequently involves them in coming
out to the front of the class.
2) Communications games
Games which are designed to provoke the communication between
students frequently depend on information gap. So that one
student has to talk to a partner in order to solve a puzzle. Draw a
picture, put the things in the right order, or find similarities and
difference between a picture.
3) Discussion
One of the reason that discussion fail (when they do) is that student are
reluctant to give an opinion in front of the whole class, particularly
if they cannot think of anything to say and are not, anyway,
confident of the language they might use to say it.
4) Prepare talks
A popular kind of the activity is the prepare talk where student makes a
presentation on a topic of their own choice. Such talks are not
designed for informal spontaneous conversation: because they are
prepared, they are more writing-like. However, of possible, student
should to speak from notes rather than from a script.
5) Simulation and role play
Many students’ derive great benefit from simulation and role play
students’ a real-life encounter.
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for learners, we can choose the one of them. Because if we teach us
the speaking with the activities in above, its. Can make the students
important skill they can acquire, and they assess their progress of their
only in the way, student can express themselves and learn how to
communicative circumstance.
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and efficiently contributes to the success later in every phase of life.
process at the same time make their learning more meaningful and
c. Elements OF Speaking
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According to Jeremy Harmer, in the practice of English language
follow:8
1) Connected speech
Effective speakers of English need be able not only to produce the individual
phonemes of English (as saying / would have gone) but also the use
interview, we can prime them in the same way with certain useful
3) Negotiation Language
4) Expressive Devices
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Ibid, p,271-274
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Native speakers of English change the pitch and stress of particular parts of
utterance, very volume and speech and show by other physical and
nonverbal
speaking is not to express the idea and opinion using the best
1) Talk as interaction
2) Talk as transaction
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Jack C. Richard, Teaching Listening and Speaking from Theory to Practice, ( New York
: Cambridge University Press, 2008) p.21
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Talk as transaction refers situations where the focus is on what is said or
1) Grammar
pragmatic.
2) Vocabulary
10
David P. Haris. Testing English as A Second Language. (New York : McGraw – Hill
Book Company, 1969) p.15
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written form and vocabulary is very important thing which is
used in communication.
3) Pronunciation
4) Fluency
5) Comprehension
of
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J Donald. Browen, A Tefl Anthology, Selected Articles from the Teaching English
Forum, 1973-1978, Washington DC. English Teaching Divison, Educational Centre Affairs
International Communication Agency, 1980) p.63
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According to David P. Harris, there are some criteria of oral test as
follow:12
12
Testing English as a Second Language, op.cit. hlm.18
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2
22
3
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stand most of what is as
Social Conversation’
frequently repetition
t be said to understand
(1)
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Based on some theories above the researcher can white a synthesis
a. Definition of Storytelling
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person who tells stories is known as storyteller”.13“Story telling
prior to, during, and after the actual speaking event. For
1313
Noah Webster, webster’s New Twentieth Century Dictionary, (USA: William Collins
Publisher Inc, 1980), Edition p.2”
1414
Nicola Groves, Using Story Telling to Support Children and Adult With Special
Needs. (London, New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2013), p.14
1515
Cameron, Lynne, Teaching Language to Young Learners, (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Pres, 2001), p.160
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Phylliss Hostmeyer and Marilyn Adele Kinsella
follow16:
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Hostmeyer, Phyllis and Kinsella, Marlyn Adelle. Storytelling and QRA Strategies.
(United state of America : Acid – free paper, 2011) P.11-13
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in the technique of discussion that serve as the advantaged and disadvantages,
there are:1717
17
Niels Lindhard, Nodumiso Diamini and Walter Bernald, Guidance in the Classroom,
(Longman : Teacher Training Series) , p.16
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3) Discussion teacher student to exchange opinion without becoming
personal
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going beyond a fact, a definition, or an outline of textbook
material
story in participant
Moreover,
18
Eder, D. Bringin Navajo Storytelling practices into school, (Antho[ology and
Education, 2007], P.31
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stories can motivate a children’s, stimulate children’s, imagination and
what other people like, how they feel, how they life and now
they think. It can give the listener a new idea that have never
story and hearing how they handle the conflict can help the
listener valuable lesson. They many learn not only what to do,
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knowledge, or important moral and some lesson to the students
1) Framework of thinking
process teaching and learning speaking skill enjoyable, the students are
able to make and respond to speak without feeling fear and shy. They
also do not need to feel scared whether or not they make mistakes in
speaking English.
2) Action Hypothesis
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
they can express their opinions, ideas and feelings freely. In addition,
speak.
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1. Place of the Research
2. Time of Research
researcher used three and each cycle consist of four steps, those are
teaching. The researcher give the speaking skill test before discussing of
lesson material, giving the treatment and giving posttest then made
calculation of result from both of the test. Through the cycle 1, cycle 2
1. Cycle One
a. Planning
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In the first cycle, the researcher prepares the process of learning
This study is planned in three cycles and very cycle conduced over a
One
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the teacher as collaboration, Siti Melienasari, S.pd. she had been
1) Observation
instruments. The term may also refer to any datum collected during
this activity.
2) Interview
They are the interviewer and the interviewee. The questions are
3) Test
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Test as a data collection instrument was a set of question or
Speaking test
1 20 20 20 20 20 100
In the ensuing findings, Since much social research is founded on the use of a
single research method and as such may suffer from limitation associated
with that method from specific application of it, triangulation offers the
rationales for multi method research. The term derives from surveying,
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Classroom Action Research (CAR) is able to be called
study the research will succeed when there is 100% of students could pass
technique can motivate or improve the students speaking skill and they
success achieved, it means that the next action of the classroom Action
Research (CAR) would be stopped, but if this condition has not been
reached yet. The alternative action would be done in the next cycle.
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