Phonetic Transliteration Equivalents

Key to Pronunciation Symbols
Part One
Gurm Symbols
Char used for Examples of Pronunciation
romaniza
tion
D$H A, A, E abut, ago, abroad, achieve, adopt, agree, alone, banana

(a)
( Ao oak, oath, oatmeal,

(o)
V s source, less, simple, some
K h hat, head, hand, happy
N k kin, cook, ache, kick, cat
. kh German ich, Buch (deep palatal sound of k) Khaki (a yellowish

color), Khomeni (Ayatula)
J g go, big, gift, gag, game
* gh Deep palatal sound of ‘g’ something like in ghost
_ ny Must be learnt.
F ch chin, nature, church
& chh Similar to sh in shin, must be learnt
M j job, gem, edge, join, judge
- jh Deep labial sound of ‘j’
? nj Must be learnt.
W t tie, attack, tin, tap,
7 th thug,
I d did, adder, deed, dam, double,

) dh Deep palatal sound of ‘d’
[ n Must be learnt.
T t Must be learnt.
4 th thin, thick, three, ether,
G d the, then, either, this, there
' Dh Deep labial sound of 'the'
Q n no, own, sudden, nib,
S p pepper, lip, pit, paper
3 f fifty, cuff, phase, rough, fit, foot, fur
E b baby, rib, bib, button,
% bh Deep palatal sound of ‘b’
P m mum, murmur, dim, nymph
; y yard, young, union
U r red, car, rarity, rose
O l lily, pool, lid, needle, lamb
Y v vivid, give, live
9 rh Deep palatal sound of ‘r’ (must be learnt)
6 sh shy, mission, machine, special
A kh Deep palatal sound of ‘kh’
= g Deep palatal sound of ‘g’
] z zone, raise, zebra, xylem
f Deep labial sound of ‘f’
/ l Deep palatal sound of ‘l’

+
H
Same as ‘h’ but of short duration
#
H
Same as ‘h’ but of short duration
e ch Same as ‘ch’ but of short duration
g t Same as ‘t’ but of short duration
t Same as ‘t’ but of short duration
n Same as ‘n’ but of short duration
o y Same as ‘y’ but of short duration
5
R
Same as ‘r’ but of short duration
(r)
v Same as ‘v’ but of short duration
Z aa bother, cot, father, cart, palm
: aaN This adds nasal tone to ‘aa’
L i tip, banish, active, pit, it, give
, ee nosebleed, bee, feed, beat,
X u bull, pull, full, cure hood, book
8 oo cool, pool, boot, tool, rule
\ ay ray, say, day, hay, bay
< ai mat, map, bad, lad, glad, rat, bat,
R o bone, know, toe, note, go
2 ou out, pound, now, loud
1
N
indicates that a preceding vowel or diphthong is pronounced with the
nasal passages open, as in French un bon vln blanc
0
N
or M indicates that a preceding vowel or diphthong is pronounced with the
Part Two (Custom characters)
Gurm Symbols
Char used for Examples of Pronunciation
romaniza
tion
D$H D$H abut, ago, abroad, achieve, adopt, agree, alone, banana
( ( oak, oath, oatmeal,
V s source, less, simple, some
K K hat, head, hand, happy
N N kin, cook, ache, kick, cat
. . German ich, Buch (deep palatal sound of k) Khaki (a yellowish

color), Khomeni (Ayatula)
J J go, big, gift, gag, game
* * Deep palatal sound of ‘g’ something like in ghost
_ _ Must be learnt.
F F chin, nature, church
& & Similar to sh in shin, must be learnt
M M job, gem, edge, join, judge
- - Deep labial sound of ‘j’
? ? Must be learnt.
W W tie, attack, tin, tap,
7 7 thug,
I I did, adder, deed, dam, double,
) ) Deep palatal sound of ‘d’
[ [ Must be learnt.
T T Must be learnt.
4 4 thin, thick, three, ether,
G G the, then, either, this, there
' ' Deep labial sound of 'the'
Q Q no, own, sudden, nib,
S S pepper, lip, pit, paper
3 3 fifty, cuff, phase, rough, fit, foot, fur
E E baby, rib, bib, button,
% % Deep palatal sound of ‘b’
P P mum, murmur, dim, nymph
; ; yard, young, union
U U red, car, rarity, rose
O O lily, pool, lid, needle, lamb
Y Y vivid, give, live
9 9 Deep palatal sound of ‘r’ (must be learnt)
6 6 shy, mission, machine, special
A A Deep palatal sound of ‘kh’
= = Deep palatal sound of ‘g’
] ] zone, raise, zebra, xylem
Deep labial sound of ‘f’
/ / Deep palatal sound of ‘l’
+ + Same as ‘h’ but of short duration
# # Same as ‘h’ but of short duration

e d Same as ‘ch’ but of short duration
g f Same as ‘t’ but of short duration
| Same as ‘t’ but of short duration
Same as ‘n’ but of short duration
o o Same as ‘y’ but of short duration
5 5 Same as ‘r’ but of short duration
Same as ‘v’ but of short duration
Z Z bother, cot, father, cart, palm
: : This adds nasal tone to ‘aa’
L L tip, banish, active, pit, it, give
, , nosebleed, bee, feed, beat,
X X bull, pull, full, cure hood, book
8 8 cool, pool, boot, tool, rule
\ \ ray, say, day, hay, bay
< < mat, map, bad, lad, glad, rat, bat,
R R bone, know, toe, note, go
2 2 out, pound, now, loud
1 1 indicates that a preceding vowel or diphthong is pronounced with the

0 0 indicates that a preceding vowel or diphthong is pronounced with the


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Key to Pronunciation Symbols

D$H A, A, E abut, ago, abroad, achieve, adopt, agree, alone, banana

( Ao oak, oath, oatmeal,

V s source, less, simple, some

K h hat, head, hand, happy

N k kin, cook, ache, kick, cat

. kh German ich, Buch (deep palatal sound of k) Khaki (a yellowish

J g go, big, gift, gag, game

* gh Deep palatal sound of ‘g’ something like in ghost

F ch chin, nature, church

& chh Similar to sh in shin, must be learnt

M j job, gem, edge, join, judge

- jh Deep labial sound of ‘j’

W t tie, attack, tin, tap,

I d did, adder, deed, dam, double,

4 th thin, thick, three, ether,

G d the, then, either, this, there

' Dh Deep labial sound of 'the'

Q n no, own, sudden, nib,

S p pepper, lip, pit, paper

3 f fifty, cuff, phase, rough, fit, foot, fur

E b baby, rib, bib, button,

% bh Deep palatal sound of ‘b’

P m mum, murmur, dim, nymph

; y yard, young, union

U r red, car, rarity, rose

O l lily, pool, lid, needle, lamb

Y v vivid, give, live

9 rh Deep palatal sound of ‘r’ (must be learnt)

6 sh shy, mission, machine, special

A kh Deep palatal sound of ‘kh’

= g Deep palatal sound of ‘g’

] z zone, raise, zebra, xylem

f Deep labial sound of ‘f’

/ l Deep palatal sound of ‘l’

e ch Same as ‘ch’ but of short duration

g t Same as ‘t’ but of short duration

 t Same as ‘t’ but of short duration

 n Same as ‘n’ but of short duration

o y Same as ‘y’ but of short duration

 v Same as ‘v’ but of short duration

Z aa bother, cot, father, cart, palm

: aaN This adds nasal tone to ‘aa’

L i tip, banish, active, pit, it, give

, ee nosebleed, bee, feed, beat,

X u bull, pull, full, cure hood, book

8 oo cool, pool, boot, tool, rule

\ ay ray, say, day, hay, bay

< ai mat, map, bad, lad, glad, rat, bat,

R o bone, know, toe, note, go

2 ou out, pound, now, loud

( ( oak, oath, oatmeal,

V s source, less, simple, some

K K hat, head, hand, happy

N N kin, cook, ache, kick, cat

. . German ich, Buch (deep palatal sound of k) Khaki (a yellowish

J J go, big, gift, gag, game

* * Deep palatal sound of ‘g’ something like in ghost

F F chin, nature, church

D$H A, A, E abut, ago, abroad, achieve, adopt, agree, alone, banana

t Same as ‘t’ but of short duration

n Same as ‘n’ but of short duration

v Same as ‘v’ but of short duration

| Same as ‘t’ but of short duration

Same as ‘n’ but of short duration

Same as ‘v’ but of short duration